Part I: Translation: Write a literal translation within ... … · Web view2008 Final Exam. LATIN II HONORS. VERSION BETA. Magister Chang. Sign Your Acknowledgement of the Honor

Latin II_H.Q1-4.Final Exam (2007-2008)quō nōmine tū appellāris?____________________________

2008 Final ExamLATIN II HONORS

VERSION BETA

Magister Chang

Sign Your Acknowledgement of the Honor Code Pledge

“On my honor as a student member of the Flint Hill School community, I pledge I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid or information with respect to this examination. I further pledge I will not disclose the contents of this exam to any other student without authorization.”

student signature: _______________________________

date of administration:____________________________

DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAM UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO BEGIN!

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Part I: Translation: Write a literal translation within the bounds of English idiom in the space between the Latin lines or on the paper provided. CLXI points (I per accurate word use)

SALLUST’S VIEW OF HUMAN NATUREThe Roman Historian Sallust, in the preface to his monograph on the Catilinarian conspiracy, outlines the faculties possessed by human beings that make them superior to beasts.

Omnēs hominēs quī cupiunt praestāre cēterīs animālibus summā ope nītī dēbent,

nē vītam silentiō trānseant velutī pecora, quae nātūra fīnxit prōna atque ventrī

oboedientia. Sed nostra omnis vīs in animō et corpore sita est; animī imperiō,

corporis servitiō ūtimur1; alterum nōbīs cum dīs, alterum cum bēluīs commūne

est. Mihi rēctius vidētur glōriam quaerere ingeniī quam vīrium opibus est, et 5

quoniam vīta ipsa quā fruimur2 brevis est, memoriam nostrī quam maximē

longam efficere. Nam dīvitiārum et fōrmae glōria flūxa atque fragilis est; virtūs

clāra aeternaque habētur.

Sed multī mortālēs, dēditī ventrī atque somnō, indoctī incultīque vītam sīcutī

perergrīnantēs ēgērunt; quibus prōfectō contrā nātūram corpus voluptātī, anima 10

onerī fuit. Eōrum ego vītam mortemque iūxtā aestimō quoniam dē utrāque silētur.

Sed is dēmum mihi vīvere atque fruī animā vidētur, quī aliquō negōtiō intentus

praeclārī facinoris aut artis bonae fāmam quaerit.

1 utimur: utor, uti, usus sum, to use, take advantage of (+ ablative)2 fruimur: fruor, fruī, fructus sum, to enjoy (+ ablative)

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praestō: takes dative object here (i.e. ceterīs animālibus)ops, opis, f.: power, might; (plural) resourcesnītor, nītī, nīsus sum: to strive, make an efforttrānseō, -īre, -i(v)ī, -itus: to pass through (transeant = present subjunctive in negative purpose clause)velutī (adv.): just as, just likepecus, -oris, n.: cattle, herdfingō, -ere, fīnxī, fictus: to form, fashion, makeprōnus, -a, -um: bent forward (i.e. not standing up straight)venter, -tris, m.: stomach, bellyoboediēns, -entis: obedient (+ dative)vīs, (no gen. or dat.) vim, vī, f.: strength, power, force; pl. virēs, virium, strength, financial assets, military strengthsitus, -a, -um: situated, placed, located (modifies nostra omnis vīs)servitium, -iī, n.: service, servitudedeus, deī, m.: dīs = deīsalterum . . . alterum: i.e. animus and corpusbēlua, -ae, f.: beastcommūnis, -e: shared by someone (in the dative) with someone (cum + ablative)rēctus, -a, -um: straight, right properquaerere...et...efficere: both infinitives depend on vidēturingeniī...vīrium: both genitives depend on opibus (ablative of means)quam maximē longam = quam longissimamefficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus: to bring about, achieveflūxus,, -a, -um: flowing, changeabledēditus, -a, -um: addicted to, given over toindoctus, -a, -um: uneducated, ignorantincultus, -a, -um: unsophisticated, not culturedsīcutī (adv.): just as, just likeperegrīnor (1): to travel around, sojournprofectō (adv.): assuredlyvoluptātī fuit: served as a source of pleasure (dative of purpose)onus, -neris, n.: burden (onerī = dative of purpose)iūxtā (adv.): near, close, i.e. similaraestimō (1): to judge, estimate, consideruterque, utraque, utrumque: each (of two), either onesilētur: it’s kept silent, nothing’s saiddēmum (adv.): at least, finally (at end of argument)negōtium, -iī, n.: business, occupationintentus, -a, -um: intent on (+ ablative)facinus, -oris, n.: deed, act

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Part II: Reading Comprehension. Give the best answer to the questions based on the Latin text of the passage. N.B. Unless otherwise indicated, answer IN ENGLISH. XCIV points

YOU BETTER WRITE ME SOON

Suscēnseō; nesciō an3 dēbeam, sed suscēnseō. Scīs quam4

inīquus interdum, quam impotēns saepe, quam queruliorsemper sit amor. Nesciō an haec causa sit iūsta; magnatamen est, et ego graviter suscēnseō, quod fuērunt ā tē tamdiū litterae nūllae. Exōrāre mē potes ūnō modō, sī nunc 5saltem5 plūrimās et longissimās litterās mīseris. Haec mihisōla excūsātiō vēra, cēterae falsae vidēbuntur. Nōn sumauditūrus ‘nōn eram in urbe” vel “occupātior eram”; necdī sinant ut audiam “infīrmior.” Cōgitā quantam cūramtibi habeam. Scīre cupiō quid faciās et fēcerīs. Nunc 10plūrimās et longissimās litterās mitte! Valē!

-- adapted from C. Plinius Secundus (“Pliny the Younger”), Epistulae.II.2

Questions 1-17 refer to the adaptation of Pliny’s Epistlae.II.2.

1. Describe Pliny’s mood in this letter:_______________________________________________

2. What type of dependent subjunctive clause does an (line 1) introduce?

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3. Give two characteristics of love, according to Pliny, from lines 1-3:______________________

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4. What Latin clause shows that Pliny’s realizes he might not be acting entirely fairly?

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5. What reason does Pliny give for his strong feelings?__________________________________

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6. The translation of tam diu (lines 4-5) is:____________________________________________

3 an (conj.), whether4 quam, adv., how (with inīquus, impotens and querulior)5 saltem, adv., at least, modifying nunc

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7. The entire clause quod...nūllae (lines 4-5) might best be paraphrased in Latin as:a. ob tuam absentiam diūturnamb. inōpiā longā litterārum

c. propter hōc longius spatiumd. quod satis epistulārum est

8. To what does the phrase ūnō modō (line 5) refer (i.e. in narrative terms)? _________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

9. What degree is the adjective plurimās (line 6)?______________________________________

10. What Latin noun must be understood to make sense of cēterae falsae vidēbuntur (line 7)?

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11. What is the best, active voice translation of vidēbuntur (line 7) based on its context?

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12. Why, in narrative terms, does Pliny use the future participle (auditūrus) in line 8 and not some other tense? _____________________________________________________________

13. In lines 8-9, Pliny preemptively dismisses three excuses that he expects his friend will use. What are these three excuses?____________________________________________________

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14. What case and number is the word dī (line 9)? ______________________________________

15. What is the case of quid (line 10)?_______________________________________________

16. List two Latin verbs from this story that are NOT written in the subjunctive, indicative or infinitive moods:______________________________________________________________

17. What exactly is Pliny’s wish at the end of this letter?_________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(GO ON TO NEXT PAGE)

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Part II: (continued)

THEMISTOCLES AND THE WALLS OF ATHENSDuring the great Persian invasion of Greece in the 5th century BC, the two chief Greek states, Sparta and Athens, had cooperated. But their character and traditions were very different. For example, Athens had a democratic constitution, whereas Sparta was ruled by two kings; Athens had a powerful navy, and Sparta relied on her army. So after the Persian menace receded, their traditional rivalry and suspicion of each other began to reawaken.

postquam Persae ē Graeciā expulsī et bellō superātī sunt,Athēniēnsēs mūrōs suōs, ā Persīs dēlētōs, reficere coepērunt.Lacedaemoniī6 tamen, quī nōlēbant ūllam urbem validiōrem essequam sē, lēgātōs Athēnās mīsērunt, quī nōn sōlum orārent eōs nēmūrōs reficerent, sed etiam ut cum Lacedaemoniīs aliās urbēs 5mūrōs reficere prohibērent. hīs rebus dictīs, lēgātī Lacedaemoniī,hortante Themistocle, dīmissī sunt; Athēniēnsēs tamenrespondērunt sē lēgātōs Spartam missūrōs esse, quī haecdisputārent. deinde Themistoclēs cīvibus persuāsit ut ipse statimSpartam mitterētur, sed cēterī lēgātī Athēniēnsēs domī 10retinērentur dum mūrī satis altī aedificārentur.

Themistoclēs igitur Spartam prōfectus est, et omnēs cīvēsAthēniēnsēs diem noctemque labōrābant ut mūrōs ad eamaltitūdinem magnam tollerent dē quā urbs dēfendī posset.

Themistoclēs, cum Spartam advēnisset, rēgēs nōn statim adiit. 15si quis eum rogāverat cūr in pūblicō nōn appāruisset, dīxit sēcēterōs lēgātōs exspectāre. sed Lacedaemoniī, cum ā proxenīs7

audīvissent Athēniēnsēs mūrōs iam reficere, Themistoclemperfidiae accūsāvērunt. ille autem dīcēbat rūmōrēs huiusmodīnōn fīdōs8 esse; lēgātōs Athēnās mittendōs esse quī vēra 20cognōscerent. tum Themistoclēs Athēniēnsibus imperāvit ut hoslēgātōs retinērent nēve9 dīmitterent priusquam ipse et aliī lēgātīAthēniēnsēs, quī iam Spartam advēnerant, domum redīrent.dēnique, cum iam eī nūntiātum esset mūrōs satis altōsaedificātōs esse, Lacedaemoniīs vēra patefēcit. Lacedaemoniī, 25quamquam īrātissimī erant, nihil tamen in Themistoclem facerepoterant; nam memoriā tenēbant Athēniēnsēs suōs lēgātōs velutobsidēs retinēre.

6 Lacedaemonius, -a, -um, Spartan7 proxenus, -ī, m., agent (one who resides in a foreign city)8 fīdus, -a, -um, trustworthy9 nēve (conj.), and not to

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Questions 16-30 refer to Themistocles and the Walls of Athens.

18. What did the Athenians do immediately after the Persian wars? ________________________

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19. How did the Spartans feel about this AND what was their response (lines 3-6)? ____________

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20. Identify the tense of disputārent (line 9) AND explain what use of the subjunctive this is:

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21. To what did Themistocles persuade the citizens to agree (lines 9-11)?____________________

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22. Write the Latin AND translate the two ablative absolutes occurring in lines 1-11:

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23. What did the Athenians accomplish in lines 12-14?___________________________________

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24. Translate cum Spartam advēnisset (line 15):________________________________________

25. Why is appāruisset (line 16) in the subjunctive?_____________________________________

26. Why did the Spartans accuse Themistocles of treachery?______________________________

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27. Keeping dīcēbat from line 19 in mind, translate lēgātōs...cognōscerent (lines 20-21):

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28. Both persuasit (line 9) and imperāvit (line 21) introduced what type of (dependent) subjunctive clause in this story?__________________________________________________

29. How long, per Themistocles’ orders, were the Athenians supposed to keep the Spartan envoys?_____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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30. At what point did Themistocles reveal the truth to Sparta?_____________________________

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31. Explain how Themistocles’ clever plan had guaranteed his personal safety: _______________

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32. How many instances of indirect statement occur in lines 23-28?_________________________

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Part II: (continued)

CAESAR’S CAMP IS ATTACKED BY THE BELGĪ This is an excerpt from Caesar’s commentaries on his military campaigns in Gaul (58-51 BC). Although it is written in a seemingly objective and therefore truthful third-person style, one must be aware that Caesar himself authored these books. The excerpt adapted here puts special emphasis on Caesar’s skills and courage as a leader.

Caesar, equitātū praemisso, sex legiōnēs dūcēbat; posteās tōtīus exercitū impedīmenta collocāverat; equitēsnostrī, flūmine trānsitō, cum hostium equitātū proeliumcommīsērunt. Illī identidem in silvās ad suōs sē recipiē-bant ac rursus ex silvā in nostrōs impetum faciēbant. 5Nostrī tantum ad fīnem silvae īnsequī eōs audēbant.Interim legiōnēs sex, ubi prīmum vēnērunt, armīs dēposi-tīs, castra mūnīre coepērunt. Ubi prīma impedīmentanostrī exercitūs ab eī quī in silvīs latēbant vīsa sunt,omnibus cum cōpiīs prōvolāvērunt impetumque in nostrōs 10equitēs fēcērunt. Equitibus facile pulsīs, incrēdibilī cele-ritāte ad flūmen cucurrērunt. Itaque ūnō tempore et adsilvās et in flūmine et in manibus nostrīs hostēs vidēban-tur. Eādem celeritāte ad nostra castra atque eōs quī inlabōre occupātī erant cucurrērunt. 15

Caesarī omnia ūnō tempore erant agenda: vexil-lum pōnendum, signum tubā dandum, quod10 eōs iussitarma tollere; ā labōre revocandī mīlitēs; aciēs paranda.Quārum rērum magnam partem brevitās temporis ethostium adventus impediēbat. Itaque ducēs, propter pro- 20pinquitātem et celeritātem hostium, Caesaris imperiumnōn expectābant, sed per sē ea quae vidēbantur faciēbant.

adapted from C. Iulius Caesar, Commentariī dē Bellō Gallicō II.19-20

Questions 33-45 refer to the adaptation of Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic Wars II.19-20

33. Write the Latin and translate one of the two ablative absolute phrases found in lines 1-4

______________________________________________________________________________

34. To whom does the pronoun Illī (line 4) refer?_______________________________________

35. Translate ad suōs (line 4) into English:____________________________________________

36. Describe the tactic the Belgi were using against the Romans (lines 4-5):__________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

10 quod, nominative subject of iussit

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37. List the following events (labeled by letters A-D) in the chronological order of their occurrence in this story: A) The Roman cavalry cross a river and engage the enemy.B) All of the Belgi rush out of their hiding places in the woods.C) The Roman legionnaires begin to fortify their camp.D) Caesar arranged his baggage train behind the six legions.

a. ABCDb. DACB

c. ADCBd. DABC

38. What happened once the Belgians overcame the Roman cavalry (line11)?

______________________________________________________________________________

39. What impression about the Belgi does Caesar convey in the sentence Itaque....vidēbantur (lines 12-14):_________________________________________________________________

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40. Write a Latin phrase that is an example of the ablative of manner in lines 11-15:

_______________________________________________________________________________

41. What had the Romans at the camp been doing (line 14-15)? ___________________________

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42. With what Latin word does the future passive participle agenda (line 16) agree?____________

43. The relative clause beginning with quod (lines 17-18) describes a:a. flagb. trumpet call

c. giftd. battle formation

44. List three of the four tasks that Caesar had to accomplish (lines 16-18):

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

45. List one factor that was obstructing Caesar’s ability to do these things:___________________

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46. What did the other Roman generals have to do?_____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

47. Explain how the use of the third-person narrative style could serve the author’s political agenda:_____________________________________________________________________

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YOU MAY USE THE FOLLOWING SHEETS OF PAPER TO WRITE YOUR TRANSLATION FOR PART I

OR JOT DOWN NOTES

N.B. In case we don’t speak before it’s all over, let me say (hah – volitive subjunctive) that I have truly enjoyed our

class this year. You have been part of one of the most enjoyable teaching experiences I have had yet. Thank you

for your hard work, cooperative attitude and enthusiasm for learning. Always keep these qualities, as they will always

serve you well.

P.S. Have a great summer.

P.P.S. And don’t forget to study too11.

11 Yes, I’m talking to you.

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Documents

Part I: Translation: Write a literal translation within ... … · Web view2008 Final Exam. LATIN II HONORS. VERSION BETA. Magister Chang. Sign Your Acknowledgement of the Honor