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7/25/2019 PART I Basic Standar Radiotelephony comunications for pilots.doc
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FOREWORD
PURPOSE
This course contains a carefully sequenced selection of training materials, giving progressive,
systematic practice in radiotelephony phraseology for pilots.
The exercises are designed primarily to teach operational fluency in the ROUTINE phraseology for
IR flights. Unli!e routine phraseology, the language of NON"ROUTINE situations is not highly
predicta#le. $o%ever, practice is also provided for a selection of non"routine situations, plus
additional voca#ulary %or!.
This course is suita#le for pilots or pilot trainees %ho %ish to learn, or revise, the language used for
radiotelephony communications. It is particularly suita#le for people %or!ing at home or in a
learning resources center. &ll the exercises are self"correcting.
WARNING
This course is based on a considerable amount of authentic material, but it does not attempt
to teach
fl!in" procedures
an!thin" about a#iation other than En"lish $ords and phrases used in RT
all the $ords that can be found in anysituation durin" a fli"ht
%E&E% O' ENG%IS(
The minimum level of English required to start this course is %hat language teachers call'intermediate(, i.e. a !no%ledge of the #asic ver# tense structures, ho% to ma!e questions and
negative ver# forms, an a#ility to ma!e simple, correct statements and to understand fairly easy
dialogue )in other %ords, the result of a#out three years of positive learning experience at school.
&dditionally, the learner should !no% the international alpha#et *&lpha, +ravo, harlie, etc- and the
system of num#ers used in aviation. The learner should also ha#e a basic )no$led"e of fl!in"
procedures*
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A Brief Glossary of ATC Phraseology
& short list of the more common standard radio communication phrases and terms can #e found
#eginning on the next page. lease, note that the list provided here is incomplete. It includes only
the most common expressions %ith %hich you should immediately #ecome familiar.
Glossary begins on the next page
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STANDARD WORDS AND PHRASES
Acknowlege !et "e know that yo# ha$e recei$e "y "essage%
A$ise intentions Tell "e what yo# plan to o%
This is normally used #y &T %hen a pilot declares a missed approach
or faces some change in a planned flight.
A&&ir" 'es%
A&&ir"ati$e 'es%(That is correct%
This %ord and negativeare the only proper responses to a yes"or"no
question. I&O uses the shortened version,Affirm.
Appro$e Per"ission &or propose action grante%
As &ile Refer to 'light plan route(.
AT) clearance &n authori/ation #y &T, for the purpose of preventing collision
#et%een !no%n aircraft for an aircraft to proceed under specified
traffic conditions %ithin controlled airspace. The pilot"in"command of
an aircraft may not deviate from the provisions of a visual flight rules
*0R- or instrument flight rules *IR- air traffic clearance except in an
emergency or unless an amended clearance has #een o#tained.
&dditionally, the pilot may request a different clearance from that
%hich has #een issued #y &T if information availa#le to the pilot
ma!es another course of action more practica#le or if aircraft
equipment limitations or company procedures for#id compliance %ith
the clearance issued. ilots may also request clarification oramendment, as appropriate, any time a clearance is not fully
understood or is considered unaccepta#le #ecause of the safety of
flight. ontrollers should, in such instances, and to the extent of
operational practicality and safety, honor the pilot1s request. &R art
23.4 *a- states5 'The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly
responsi#le for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that
aircraft.( T$E I6OT I7 RE7ON7I+6E OR RE8UE7TIN9 &N
&:EN;E; 6E&R&NE if &T issues a clearance that %ould cause
the pilot to deviate from the rule or regulation, or in the pilot1s opinion,
%ould place the aircraft in
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)leare as &ile The aircra&t is cleare to procee in accorance with the ro#te o&
&light &ile in the &light plan%
This clearance does not include the altitudes, 7I;s, or 7I; transitions.
The phrase is the same as Cleared via the flight planned route.
)leare /type o&0
approach
The aircra&t is cleare to exec#te a speci&ic instr#"ent approach
proce#re to an airport%
Example5 Cleared ILS runway three one left approach.
)leare &or takeo&& AT) has a#thori.e the aircra&t to epart%
This clearance depends on &T1s !no%ledge of traffic and airport
conditions.
)leare &or the option AT) has a#thori.e the aircra&t to "ake a to#ch1an1go2 low
approach2 "isse approach2 stop1an1go2 or ll1stop laning at theiscretion o& the pilot%
This clearance is normally used in training.
)leare to lan AT) has a#thori.e the aircra&t to lan%
The clearance is #ased on &T1s !no%ledge of traffic and airport
conditions.
)on&ir" Ha$e + correctly recei$e the &ollowing%%%3 orDi yo# correctly
recei$e this "essage3
)ontact Establish raio contact with%%%
)orrect That is correct%
)orrection An error has been "ae in this trans"ission /or "essage inicate0%
The correct $ersion is%%%
)ross /&ix0 at /altit#e0 The aircra&t "ay cross the na"e &ix or position at the na"e
altit#e%
Used #y &T %hen a specific altitude restriction at a specified fix is
required.
)ross /&ix0 at or below
/altit#e0
The aircra&t "ay cross the na"e &ix below the na"e altit#e2 b#t
"ay not escen beyon an earlier altit#e li"it%If the aircraft cannot descend to that altitude safely #efore reaching the
fix, the pilot must advise the controller.
)r#ise Travel at a speed providing maximum operating efficiency for a
sustained period. This term is used in an &T clearance to authori/e a
pilot to conduct flight at any altitude from the minimum IR altitude
up to and including the altitude specified in the clearance. The pilot
may level off at any intermediate altitude %ithin this #loc! of airspace.
lim# or descent %ithin the #loc! can #e made at the pilot1s discretion.
$o%ever, once the pilot starts descent and ver#ally reports leaving an
altitude in the #loc!, he may not return to that altitude %ithout ne%&T clearance.
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Direct Straight1line &light between two na$igational ais2 &ixes2 points2 or
any co"bination thereo&%
=hen directis used #y pilots to descri#e off"air%ay routes, the points
that define direct"route segments #ecome compulsory reporting points
*unless the aircraft is in radar contact-.Disregar )onsier the trans"ission as not sent%
Expeite Exec#te or carry o#t pro"ptly%
This expression is used #y &T %hen the pilot is required to promptly
comply %ith the instruction in order to avoid an imminent situation.
ompare immediately, when able, pilots discretion.
4inal ommonly used to mean that an aircraft is on the final approach course
or is aligned %ith a landing area.
light level & level of constant atmospheric pressure related to the reference datum
of >2.2> inches of mercury. Each flight level *6- is stated in threedigits that represent hundreds of feet. or example, 6>4? represent a
#arometric altimeter indication of >4,??? feet@ 63AB represents
3A,B?? feet. In &T terminology, flight levels are used for altitudes of
3A,??? feet *63A?- and higher.
4light plan ro#te In accordance %ith the flight plan filed C as filed.
Go ahea Procee with yo#r "essage%
This term is never used as authori/ation to 'go ahead( %ith anything
other than transmitting a message. or example, you should never #e
told 'go ahead( if you as! permission to cross a run%ay or go direct toa fix.
$ave num#ers + /the pilot0 ha$e recei$e r#nway2 win2 an alti"eter in&or"ation
&or a estination airport%
This is not the same as having &TI7 information. $aving &TI7
information is indicated #y citing a letter of the phonetic alpha#et.
How o yo# hear "e3 How is "y "essage being trans"itte3 /clearly2 garble2 etc%0
How o yo# rea3 What is the reaability o& "y trans"ission3
+ent Acti$ate the aircra&t transponer5s ienti&ication /+ent0 &eat#re%
This request )made #y &T) helps a controller identify an aircraft or
reconfirm an identification.
Immediately The re-#este action is re-#ire witho#t elay to a$oi a ha.aro#s
sit#ation%
<hough immediate*ad
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hold(5 these t%o expressions are similar to the &merican expressions
'ta+i into position and hold(, 'ta+i into position and $ait( or simply
'position and hold(, or Dposition and $ait(.
'%ine up and ta)e off( is similar to the &merican expression
'position and ta)e off(:aintain Re"ain at()ontin#e with
3- =hen used in reference to altitude or flight level, this term means
you should remain at the altitudeflight level specified. The phrase
climb and or descend andnormally precedes maintainand the altitude
assignment.
>- oncerning other &T instructions, the term is used in its literal
sense@ for example5aintain !"#*that is, !eep on flying according to
0R.-
7onitor !isten o#t on /&re-#ency0%Negati$e No%(Per"ission not grante%(That is not correct%
This %ord and affirmativeor affirmare the only permissi#le responses
to a yes"no question.
Negati$e n#"bers One %ay of requesting departure information is #y stating negative
numbers after contacting ground and saying %ho you are. The
expression 'negative num#ers( refers to the fact that the pilot has not
received &TI7 information, or the corresponding update.
NORDO FNo RadioG Used to descri#e an aircraft %hich has lost its a#ility to
communicate #y radio.Out This exchange o& trans"issions is ene an no response is expecte%
NOTE5 Normally used to indicate the end of an exchange of
transmissions.
O$er 7y trans"ission is ene an + expect a response &ro" yo#%
NOTE5 Not normally used in 0$ communications.
ilot1s discretion The option or choice o& the pilot%
=hen used in con
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clearance s#persees yo#r pre$io#s clearance or part thereo&%
Report Used to instruct pilots to advise &T of a specific occurrence or
condition. Example5#eport passing $hree #ivers !%#.
Re-#est + sho#l like to know%%%2 or+ wish to obtain%%%
Roger + ha$e recei$e all o& yo#r last trans"ission%
This term should not #e used to ans%er a yes"no question@ in such a
case, affirmative or negativemust #e used. It is also not an appropriate
response %hen the pilot is instructed to read bac&the transmission
received.
7ay again Repeat the last trans"ission%
=hen using this phrase, the pilot usually specifically indicates %hich
transmission, or portion of the transmission %as not understood or
received. Example5 Say again all after $hree #ivers !%#.
Speak slower Slow own yo#r rate o& speech%
S-#awk &ctivate specific modescodesfunctions on the aircraft transponder@ for
example5 S'uaw& three alpha, two one (ero five, low.
Stan by Expect a pa#se &or a &ew secons%(Wait%
This phrase is often used %hen the controller or pilot must pause for a
fe% seconds to attend to other duties of a higher priority. It means wait
in transmissions such as5 Stand by for clearance. The caller should
reesta#lish contact if a delay is lengthy. Stand by does not indicate
approval or denial.
That is correct The #nerstaning that yo# ha$e is right%
8nable + cannot co"ply with the speci&ic instr#ction2 re-#est2 or clearance%
The ina#ility to comply could #e due to %eather, traffic, equipment
limitations, pilot or controller %or!load, or other factors.
0erify Re-#est con&ir"ation o& in&or"ation%
Example5 !erify assigned altitude.
When able )o"ply with the instr#ctions as soon as reasonably possible%
=hen used in con
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trans"ission twice%
This phrase can also #e used #y the spea!er to indicate that, since
communications are difficult, every phrase in the forthcoming message
%ill #e spo!en t%ice.
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CHAPTER ONE
PREFLIGHT TO LINE UP
TOPIC 1 1
DEPARTURE INFORATION!ATI"
e! $ords and phrases
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
&TI7 *&utomatic Terminal
Information 7ervice-
milli#ars *m#-
8N$
surface %ind &0OH *ceiling and visi#ility OH-
temperature I67 *Instrument 6anding 7ystem-
de% point noise a#atement procedure
run%ay transition level
run%ay in use o!tagustinggusts cumulo nim#us
visi#ility %et
no sig *no significant change- #ra!ing action
!ilometers *!m- trend
feet *ft- R0R *run%ay visual range-
degrees threshold
!nots taxi%ay
plus 7I; *standard instrument departure-
minus hectopascal
centigrade floc! of #irds
mist cloud cover
fog overcast#ro!enscattered
ha/e fe% scattered cloudss!y clear
information code Notams *notices to airmen-
vertical visi#ility minima
8E repairs
northsoutheast%est unservicea#le *U7-
turn"off damp
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-eparture Information.ATIS
&n &TI7 recording contains information that pilots need to !no% to prepare #oth for
departure and for arrival. It is updated at least once per hour and it is 'generally( delivered in the
follo%ing sequence.
&irport name
Information code *&lpha, +ravo, etc.-
Time of %eather
eiling
0isi#ility
Temperature
;e% point
=ind direction and velocity
<imeter
Instrument departureapproach in use
NOT&:s
requencies
Information code
ilots must tell the ground controller on first contact that they have the most current &TI7
information *&lpha, harlie, ulu, etc.-.
E+ample
%isten and Read
The follo%ing &TI7 recordings are of varying difficulty@ some of them %ill #e very clear, others
%ill include static and distortion or hard"to"understand accents. Remem#er that even though you
may listen to &TI7 as many times as necessary, your goal should #e to get all the information in no
more than three repetitions.
6os &ngeles International arrival information +
Time ?B5B?@ =eather 3J??? scattered@ Estimated ceiling >B??? overcast@
0isi#ility 3B@ Temp. J4@ ;e% oint 4J@ =ind >4? at A@ <imeter 4??2@
Expect I67 approach Run%ays >KR and >B6 or expect a vector for a visual
approach.
ilots, ta!e note I67 run%ays >K6 and >BR not operational.
Notice to &irmen5 Run%ay >BR approach lights out of service@ advise thecontroller on initial contact that you have arrival information +.
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E+ercise I
%isten and Write
3. >. 4.
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TOPIC 1 #
DEPARTURE INFORATION
=hen due to different circumstances &TI7 information is not availa#le, &T %ill have to provide
the pilots %ith departure information. The pilot1s request %ill have the follo%ing format.
call control
"name of control
"call sign
"request data
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"run%ay"%ind direction and strength
"temperature@ due point
"8N$
pilot replies
"read#ac!
"call sign
E+ample
%isten and Write. 6isten to the recorded dialogue and %rite do%n the pilot1s %ords.
call control
control replies
742A, run%ay in use >2, %ind 4B?L >4 !nots,
gusting 4?, temperature 3>, de% point 3?,
run%ay is %et, #ra!ing action good, 8N$
3?>4.
pilot replies
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E+ercise II
%isten, Write and Spea)*Ta!e the pilot1s part, as! for departure information in the same %ay,
listen to the information and read #ac!. 7tart %ith the example again and continue %ith H:BJ4 and%ith 70>2B.
/*
742A, run%ay in use >2, %ind 4B?M >4 !nots
gusting 4?, temperature 3>, de% point 3?,
run%ay is %et, #ra!ing action good,
8N$3?>4.
0*
Hilo :i!e BJ4, J?M 3A !nots, temperature "">,
de% point """J, 8N$ 3??A, ta!e"off run%ay
?A.
1*
7ierra 0ictor >2B, 8N$ 3?3K, temperature >4,
de% point >3, surface %ind 3A?L 2 !nots,
ta!e"off run%ay >4.
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E+ercise III
%isten, Write and Spea)* =rite the controller1s part for the next three flights and read #ac!.
2*9round, U B2, request departure
information.
=ind calm, 8N$ 3?3B, run%ay 44 Right, U
B2.
3*
9round, ; KJ?, request departure
information.
>J?L 3? !nots, gusting to >B, 8N$ 3??B,
run%ay 32 6eft, ; KJ?.
4*
9round, EN 2>J, request departure
information.
4>?L B !nots, 8N$ 3?32, run%ay >3, EN 2>J.
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TOPIC 1 $
ROUTE CLEARANCE"
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
flight planned route &T *&ir Traffic ontrol-
leftright turn out clearance
lim# 7I; *standard instrument departure-:aintain approach
Request initially
level change frequency
en route heading
&ir#orne flight level *6-
7qua%! contact
leared shorthand
Expect
Route clearances
&T clearances authori/e pilots to flight prescri#ed routes. =hen feasi#le, &T issues
clearances that match the pilot1s planned route of flight to the greatest degree possi#le. $o%ever, in
certain situations, the specified conditions %hich are part of the air traffic clearance may differ from
those included in the su#mitted flight plan. It is essential for safe flight that pilots fully comprehend
route clearances. opying them requires concentrated listening. &ircre%s must read #ac! clearances
accurately to ensure that all data has #een correctly understood.
Recei#in" !our clearance
&n IR air traffic control clearance is issued in response to a filed flight plan. The approval
%ill #e #ased on separation #et%een IR traffic )vertically #y different assigned altitudes,
hori/ontally #y providing time separation, and laterally #y different assigned paths. These factors
%ill influence the specific instructions given@ ho%ever, it1s %ise to !eep in mind that #ecause you
yourself planned the mission, you can anticipate most of the instructions the controller %ill provide.
&T clearances contain many pieces of information. This information is used in a format
that follo%s a regular order. & route clearance %ill include the clearance items listed #elo%, as
appropriate5
aircraft call si"n clearance limit
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departure procedure or SI-
route of fli"ht
altitude data in the order flo$n
fre5uenc! to contact after departure
transponder beacon 6s5ua$)7code
holdin" instructions
an! special information
8op!in" a clearance
Receiving such a large quantity of information at once ma!es it nearly impossi#le to
remem#er every detail. or that reason, all route clearances should #e copied. Pou are expected to
read #ac! a clearance to ensure complete understanding. Pou may copy using any method of
shorthand you choose@ the most important criteria to meet is the a#ility to read the clearance #ac!
accurately and then fly it. Heep in mind that the single most important rule for beginners to follow
is to as& about anything and everything that does not ma&e sense to you. Pou and the controllermust understand the route clearance in exactly the same %ay %ithout any am#iguity.
T!pical format
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"offers clearance
pilot replies
"Qready to copy1
"call sign
route clearance
"name of ground station
"Qclears1 aircraft call sign
"to *destination-
"Qvia flight planned route1
"standard departure
*"additional details-
"level instructions
"frequency to contact after departure
"squa%! num#er
readbac&"call sign
"cleared to *destination-
"Qvia flight planned route1
"standard departure
*"additional details-
"level instructions
"frequency
"squa%! num#er
control replies
"Qthat is correct1
"aircraft call sign
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E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). Route clearance is given #efore engine start"up or during taxiing. 6isten
to the recording, ta!e notes and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
control calls
732J, here is your clearance.
pilot replies
route clearance
Rex#ury &T clears 732J to =inton via
flight planned route, Novem#er > departure,
left turn out after departure, clim# to and
maintain 6>B?, request level change en
route, contact 3>?.>J %hen air#orne, and
squa%! >B3K.
readbac&
control replies
That is correct 732J.
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E+ercise I&
%isten, Write and Spea). Ta!e the pilot1s part@ start %ith the example again5 732J.
ontinue %ith flights 7unair 2>J and 7unair A43, ta!e notes and read #ac! the clearance.
/*
0*
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TOPIC 1 %
"TART&UP
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
go ahead
stand
stand num#er
call sign
approved slot
stand#y slot time
gate at your discretiondestination expect
say again call you #ac!
6A7 T!pical format
call control
"name of ground station
"call sign
"greeting
control replies"Qgo ahead1
"call sign
pilot replies
"call sign
"stand num#er
"&TI7 information code
"request start"up
"name of destination
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"Qstart"up approved1pilot replies
"Qstarting up1
"call sign
Or
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"Qstand #y for start1
pilot replies
"Qstanding #y1
"call sign
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E+ample
%isten and Write. 6isten to the recorded dialogue and %rite do%n the pilot1s %ords.
*a+
call control
control replies
9o ahead, 73B4.
pilot replies
control replies
73B4, start"up approved.
pilot replies
*b+
call control
control replies
9o ahead, +9.
pilot replies
control replies
+9, stand #y for start.
pilot replies
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E+ercise &
%isten and Write. 6isten to the dialogues on the tape. =rite do%n the call sign, stand or gate,
information code and destination in the ta#le #elo%.
No* 8all si"n Stand.Gate ATIS Information -estination
/
0
1
2
3
4
No% that you have filled in all the information, using the recording as! for start"up for each
flight and reply to the controller.
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697 T!pical format
*c+
ilot calls
"call sign
"stand num#er"request start"up
"for *destination-
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"instruction to start up at *time-
ilot replies
"Roger
"read #ac! start"up instructions
"call sign
or
*d+
ilot calls
"call sign
"stand num#er
"request start"up
"for *destination-
control replies"aircraft call sign
"Qexpect departure at *time-1
"start up Qat your discretion1
ilot replies
"Roger
"expecting departure at *time-
"call sign
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or
&t a #usy airport, there is often a queue for departure, and the controller has a slot for each flight.
*e+
ilot calls
"call sign"stand num#er
"request start"up
"for *destination-
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"slot time *time-
"start up Qat your discretion1
ilot replies
"Roger
"slot time *time-"call sign
E+ample
%isten and Write. 6isten to the recording and %rite do%n the pilot1s %ords.
*c+
ilot calls
control replies
73B4, start up at 4B.
pilot replies
*d+
pilot calls
control replies
+9, expect departure at KB, start up at your
discretion.
pilot replies
*e+
pilot calls
control replies
&9>4B, slot time BB, start up at your
discretion.pilot replies
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E+ercise &I
%isten to the recordin"
&s! for start"up for each one of the flights listed #elo% and reply to the controller. 7tart %iththe example again.
No* 8all si"n Stand.Gate ATIS Information -estination
/ 73B4 +B &thens
0 +9 A H Ne% Por!
1 &9>4B gate >3 : ran!furt
2 T$I &2 Rome, iumiccino
3 NU: gate ; I airo
4 =; 34 6 6ondon, $eathro%
: E78 B alma
; H0S &K R openhagen
< P6 32 ; &lgiers
/= OR +J :adrid
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TOPIC 1 '
PU"H&BAC(
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand the follo%ing %ords and phrases5
hold position
pass #ehind
+efore
&fter
T!pical format*a+
"call sign
"Qrequest push"#ac!1
"Qfrom *stand num#er-1
"aircraft call sign
"Qpush"#ac! approved1
"Qpushing #ac!1
"call sign
*b+"call sign
"Qrequest push"#ac!1
"Qfrom *stand num#er-1
"aircraft call sign
"Qexpect minutes delay1
"Qdue... *reason-1
"Qholding position1
"call sign
E+ample
%isten and Write. 6isten to the recorded dialogue and %rite do%n the pilot1s %ords.
*a+
call control
control replies
73B4, roger, push"#ac! approved.
pilot replies
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*b+
call control
control replies
+9, expect > minutes delay, due K taxiing
#ehind.pilot replies
E+ercise &II
%isten and Spea). 6isten to the dialogues on the tape@ as! for push"#ac! for flights 3"J listed
#elo%. 7tart %ith the examples again.
8all si"n Par)in" stand
/ 73B4 +B0 +9 A
1 &9>4B gate >3
2 T$I &2
3 NU: gate ;
4 =; 34
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TOPIC 1 )
TA*IING
e! $ords and phrases5
Pou are pro#a#ly already familiar %ith most of the %ords and phrases listed #elo%. If any of them
are ne%, loo! them up in an aviation dictionary.
irst second
Third turning
on your rightleft give %ay
overta!e follo%straight ahead intersection
In front of you turn off
progressive proceed
approaching
The call for ta+i
Taxiing is descri#ed as the movement of an aircraft under its o%n po%er on the surface of an
airport. 9round ontrol is responsi#le for the movement of all aircraft, vehicles, or personnel ontaxi%ays and non"duty *inactive- run%ays. Pour call to 9round requesting taxi instructions should
#e made %hen you are ready to taxi and prior to getting on the taxi%ay. The call itself is very
standard as you %ill see #elo%.
&T authori/ation or instructions pertaining to taxiing are predicated on !no%n traffic and
!no%n physical airport conditions. Therefore, it is important that you clearly understand the
instructions. Even though &T issues the authori/ation for taxiing purposes, it ultimately remains
the pilot1s responsi#ility to avoid collision %ith other aircraft. Pou, as a pilot, must visually chec!
for traffic #efore crossing any non"duty run%ay. Remem#er, the pilot in command of an aircraft is
directly responsible for and is the final authority as to the operation of an aircraft.or that reason,
you should o#tain clarification of any clearance or instruction %hich is not understood.
+e a%are that &T controllers %ill not use the %ord clearedin con
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=hen taxi information is required, controllers %ill issue directions for the route %hich the
aircraft should follo% in concise and easy"to"understand terms. $o%ever, there are instances in
%hich pilots are unfamiliar %ith the airfield. In such cases, pilots can request progressive taxi
instructions.
=hat do you do if you don1t !no% your %ay around an airport If you1ve never #een to a
particular airfield #efore, you are unli!ely to !no% its layout. Inform the controller. $e or she %ill
issue progressive ground movement instructions.rogressive taxiinstructions include step"#y"step
routing directions. ontrollers %ill issue them under the follo%ing circumstances5
%hen they are requested #y the pilot@
%hen traffic or field conditions ma!e it necessary, such as during construction or %hen
certain taxi%ays are closed@
%hen visi#ility is reduced, especially %hen the taxi%ays cannot #e clearly seen from the
to%er.
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E+ercise &III
%isten and Write. Examine the diagrams on the follo%ing t%o pages. Each one sho%s one or more
aircraft@ each aircraft is identified #y a letter of the alpha#et. 6isten carefully to the taxi instructions.
Identify the aircraft receiving the taxi instructions that you hear. In the follo%ing ta#le, %rite thecorrect aircraft letter #eside the instruction num#er.
Instruction number Aircraft
3
>
4
K
B
J
A
2
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T!pical 'ormats for Ta+i Instructions
*a+
pilot calls
"call sign"request for taxi
controller replies
"call sign
"instruction to taxi
"via taxi%ay *code name-
"to holding point *run%ay name-
pilot replies
"read #ac!
"call sign
Pause
control calls
"call sign
"give %ay to *aircraft type-
"passing *direction-
pilot replies
"traffic in sight
"call sign
*b+
pilot calls
"call sign
"request taxi
control replies
"call sign
"instruction to taxi
"via taxi%ay
"to holding point
pilot replies"read #ac!
"call sign
pause
pilot calls
"call sign
"approaching holding point
*clearance limit-
"request cross run%ay *run%ay
name-
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control replies
"call sign
"negative
"hold short run%ay
pilot replies"holding short
"call sign
Pause
control calls
"call sign
"cross run%ay
"report vacated
pilot replies
"call sign
"cross run%ay
pilot calls
"call sign
"run%ay vacated
E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten to the recorded dialogue, %rite do%n and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
*a+
pilot calls
control replies
7344, taxi via run%ay , to holding point
>26.
pilot replies
control calls
7344, give %ay to the K passing left to
right.pilot replies
*b+
pilot calls
control replies
7344, taxi via taxi%ay to holding point
>26.
pilot replies
pilot calls
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control replies
7344, negative, hold short run%ay >26.
pilot replies
control calls
7344, cross run%ay >26, report vacated.
pilot replies
pilot calls
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E+ercise I>
%isten and Spea). &s! for taxi instructions and reply to the controller. 7tart %ith the first example
again. Pour call sign for the J exercises %ill #e 7 344.
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TOPIC 1 +
LINE&UP
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
holding point %ait
on final in sight
landing #ehindhold short num#er > for departure
negative departure hold position
line up and hold *taxi into position
and %ait-
T!pical 'ormats for %ine?up
*a+
pilot calls
"call sign"position *holding point -
control replies
"call sign
"instruction Qline up and %ait1
pilot replies
"Qlining up1
"call sign
*b+
pilot calls
"call sign
"position
control replies
"call sign
"Qreport the *aircraft type- on final in
sight1
pilot replies
"call sign
"Q *aircraft type- in sight1
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control replies
"call sign
"Q#ehind the landing on final line up
#ehind1
pilot replies
"Q#ehind the landing line up1"call sign
*c+
pilot calls
"call sign
"position
control replies
"call sign
"Qhold short of the run%ay1
"you1re num#er > for departure after the
*aircraft type-
pilot replies
"Qholding short1
"num#er > for departure
"call sign
other traffic
control calls
"call sign
"line up and %aitpilot replies
"Qlining up1
"call sign
E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten and repeat the pilot1s %ords in dialogues *a-, *#- and *c-.
*a+
pilot calls73B4, >AR.
control replies
73B4, line up and %ait.
pilot replies
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*b+
pilot calls
+9, 32.
control replies+9, report the &ir#us on final in sight.
pilot replies
control replies
+9, #ehind the landing &ir#us on final, line
up #ehind.
pilot replies
*c+
pilot calls&9>4B, >B.
control replies
&9>4B, hold short of the run%ay, you1re
num#er > for departure after the &ir#us.
pilot replies
control calls
&9>4B, line up and %ait.
pilot replies
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E+ercise >
%isten and Spea). Using the information #elo%, call the to%er from the correct holding point and
reply to the controller1s instructions. 7tart %ith the first three examples5 /773B4, 07 +9, 17
&9>4B.
No* 8all si"n (oldin" point
2 E78 346
3 H0S ?B
4 P6 44
: OR 3A
; EJ2> ?2
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CHAPTER TWO
TA(E&OFF TO END OF CLIBTOPIC # 1
TA(E&OFF
e! $ords and phrases
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
immediate report
immediately stop
o#structing hold position
cleared for ta!e off ta!e off roll
calm vacate
cancel vehicle
a#ort ta!e off C cancel ta!e off
T!pical 'ormat /
call control
"call sign
"ready to depart
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"clearance
"%ind direction and strengthpilot replies
"read #ac! clearance
*"%ind data-
"call sign
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E+ample /
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten to the recorded dialogue, %rite do%n and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
call control
control replies
73B4, cleared for ta!e"off, %ind >2?L 3>
!nots.
pilot replies
E+ercise >I
%isten and Spea). 9et ta!e"off clearance for the flights listed #elo% and reply to the controller1sinstructions. 7tart %ith the example again.
No% )all sign
/ 73B4
0 +9
1 &9>4B
2 E78
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T!pical 'ormat 0 If the controller %ants to stop the departure or vacate the run%ay quic!ly, the
format %ill #e slightly different.
call control
"call sign
"Qready to depart1control replies
"aircraft call sign
"clearance
"%ind direction strength
pilot replies
"read #ac! clearance
*"%ind data-
"call sign
pause ma! occur
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"instruction to ta!e off or vacate
pilot replies
"intention *eitherta!e"off or vacate-
"call sign
or
control calls"aircraft call sign
"instruction to hold
"cancellation of ta!e"off
pilot replies
"Qholding1
"call sign
or
control calls
"call signrepeated
"instruction to stop
pilot replies
"Qstopping1
"call sign
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E+ample 0
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten to the recorded dialogue, %rite do%n and repeat the pilot1s %ords
in the examples that follo%5
*a+
call control
control replies
73B4, cleared for ta!e"off, %ind >2?L 3>
!nots, report air#orne.
pilot replies
control calls
73B4, ta!e"off immediately or vacaterun%ay.
pilot replies
*b+
call control
control replies
+9, cleared for ta!e"off, %ind >??L A !nots.
pilot replies
control calls
+9, hold position, cancel ta!e"off. I say
again, cancel ta!e"off.
pilot replies
*c+
call control
control replies
&9>4B, cleared for ta!e"off, %ind calm.
pilot replies
control calls
&9>4B, stop immediately.
&9>4B, stop immediately.
pilot replies
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E+ercise >II
%isten and Spea). 9et ta!e"off clearance for the flights listed #elo% and reply to the controller1s
instructions. 7tart %ith the examples again.
/ 73B4
0 +9
1 &9>4B
2 ;I
3 :$
4 R7T
: ;NO
; U8
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TOPIC # & #
INITIAL CLIB
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list.
present heading so as to cross...
continue clim# change
until on trac! expedite report reaching
report passing correction
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Initial 8limb
%isten and Write. 6isten to the tape. Identify each instruction on the list and %rite the num#er
#eside it.
Instruction Number on tape
& lim# to flight level 32?.
+ lim# on present heading.
lim# straight ahead.
; lim# on trac! to ;elta.
E Turn right, heading 32?.
Turn left, heading 32?.
9 lim# so as to cross ;elta at flight level 32?.
$ ontinue present heading until flight level 3B?.
I Expedite clim# to flight level 32?.
T!pical format for the Initial 8limb
control calls
"aircraft identification
"air#orne time
"heading instructions
"level instructions
pilot replies
"read #ac! heading
"read #ac! level
"call sign
control continues
"frequency change
"greeting
pilot replies
"read#ac! of frequency"call sign
"greeting
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E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
control calls
73B4, air#orne 44, turn right heading 34?,
continue clim# to flight level 3B?.
pilot replies
control continues
ontact 3>B.A, good#ye.
pilot replies
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E+ercise >III
%isten and Spea). Reply to the instructions given to the follo%ing flights. 7tart %ith the example
again.
/ 73B4
0 &9>4B
1 P6
2 OR
3 ;NO
4 EJ2>
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TOPIC # & $
CLIB
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
heading flight level
reach maintain present heading
report
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8limb
T!pical format
control calls
"aircraft call sign"ne% frequency
"greeting
pilot replies
"frequency
"call sign
"greeting
)hange o& &re-#ency
pilot calls
"name of ground station
"call sign
"greeting
control replies
"go ahead
"call sign
pilot replies
"call sign
"level *or altitude-
"heading
control"clim# instructions
"heading instructions
pilot replies
"read #ac! clim# instructions
"read #ac! heading instructions
"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
"call sign
"level
control replies"aircraft call sign
"further clim# instructions
pilot replies
"read #ac! level
"call sign
Control
"ne% frequency
"greeting
pilot replies
"read #ac! level
"greeting
"call sign
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E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten to the dialogue, %rite do%n and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
control calls
73B4, contact ;elta ontrol on 3>A.,
good#ye.
pilot replies
change o& &re-#ency
pilot calls
control replies9o ahead, 73B4.
pilot replies
control
lim# to flight level >3?, report reaching.
:aintain present heading.
pilot replies
/pa#se0
pilot calls
control replies
Roger, 73B4, clim# to level 43?.
pilot replies
control
hange no% 3>2.K, good#ye
pilot replies
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E+ercise >I&
%isten and Spea). Ta!e the pilot1s part in the follo%ing flights and reply to the controller1s
instructions. 7tart %ith the example again.
8all si"n Present fli"ht le#el (eadin"
/ 73B4 2? 34?
0 &9>4B 33? >B?
1 P6 ? >4?
2 OR A? 3A?
3 ;NO 2? 32?
4 EJ2> A? ?2?
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TOPIC # & %
END OF CLIB
e! $ords and phrases
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list.
availa#le negative
further clim# heavy traffic
an you accept not at the momentunavaila#le
End of climb
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'ormat for end of climb
pilot calls
"call sign
"greeting
control replies"Qgo ahead1
"call sign
pilot replies
"call sign
"flight level
"heading
control replies
"heading instructions
"clim# instructions
"Qreport %hen reaching1
pilot replies
"read #ac! heading
"read #ac! level
"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
"call sign
"Qreaching level 1
control replies
"Qroger1
"aircraft call sign
"clim# instructions
pilot replies
"read #ac! clim# instructions
"request for higher level
control replies
"Qnegative1
"offers another higher level
pilot replies"refuses level offered
control replies
"frequency change
pilot replies
"read #ac! frequency
"Qgood#ye1
"call sign
control replies
"Qgood#ye1
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E+ample
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten to the dialogue, %rite do%n and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
pilot calls
control replies
9o ahead, 3B4.
pilot replies
control replies
:aintain present heading, clim# 6 >3?,
report %hen reaching.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
Roger, 73B4, clim# to level >?.
pilot replies
control replies
Negative. an you accept level 42?
pilot replies
control replies
hange no% on 3>2.K
pilot replies
Control replies
9ood#ye.
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E+ercise >&
%isten and Spea). 7tart %ith the example again and continue %ith each of the follo%ing flights.
Try to negotiate a good cruise level if necessary.
8all si"n Present fli"ht le#el (eadin" Preferred cruise le#el
/ 73B4 2? 34? 43?
0 &9>4B 33? >B? 44?
1 P6 ? >4? 44?
2 OR A? 3A? >2?
3 ;NO 2? 32? >3?
4 EJ2> 3?? ?2? 44?
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CHAPTER THREE
CRUI"E TO DE"CENT
TOPIC $ & 1
EN ROUTE, PO"ITION REPORT"
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e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
omit position reports
intercept radial
resume 0OR
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En Route Position Reports
E+ample /
%isten and Write*6isten to the controller1s instructions a#out position reports. Identifyeach instruction on the list #elo%, and %rite its num#er in the #ox.
& Report passing &lpha.
+ Next report at &lpha.
Omit position reports until &lpha.
3 ; Omit position reports this frequency.
E Report intercepting the >3? radial of the &lpha 0OR.
Report 3B miles from &lpha ;:E.
9 Resume position reporting.
$ Report intercepting the 3>? radial of the &lpha 0OR.
I Report B miles from &lpha ;:E.
Report passing the &lpha 0OR 4K> radial.
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'ormat for position reports
control calls
"call sign
"ne% frequency
"greetingpilot replies
"read#ac! of frequency
"call sign
"greeting
/change o& &re-#ency0
pilot calls
"call sign
"greeting
control replies
"Qgo ahead1
"call sign
pilot position report
"call sign
" *name of reporting point- at
*present time-
"flight level
"Qestimating *next reporting point- at
*time-1
control replies
"Qroger1
"aircraft call sign
"Qnext report at *name of reporting
point-1
pilot replies
"Q%ilco1
"call sign
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E+ample 0
%isten and Spea). 6isten to the dialogue and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
control calls73B4, contact 3>2.K, good#ye
pilot replies
/change o& &re-#ency0
pilot calls
control replies
9o ahead, 73B4.
pilot position report
control replies
Roger, 73B4, next report at .
pilot replies
%isten and Write. 6isten again and complete the dialogue #y %riting do%n the pilot1s %ords.
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E+ercise >&I
%isten and Spea). :a!e position reports for the follo%ing flights using the data given #elo%. 7tart
%ith the example again.
No* 8all si"n 'li"ht Position Time Ne+t reportin" point Estimated time
/ 73B4 43? R 4B P V3?1
0 &9>4B >A? 7 >A V3>1
1 +I32J >2? N K4 O V3B1
2 N4K> >B? 9 >4 $ V3J1
3 :O>B >4? 7 B> U V3?1
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TOPIC $ & #
EN ROUTE, TRAFFIC INFORATION
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
cloc! position closing
un!no%n same direction
moving fast movingparallel descend
negative contact overta!ing
converging diverging
"#ound vectors
resume o%n navigation direct
magnetic trac! distance
at your 3? o1cloc! position opposite direction
crossing a/imuth
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En Route Traffic Information
%istenin" to Traffic Ad#isories 'ocus on the 8loc) S!stem
&ir traffic controllers issue traffic advisories if another aircraft is in close proximity or if its
intended route of flight %arrants your special attention. This activity focuses on the structure ofthese advisories and provides practice in using the cloc! system.
&ir traffic control can provide radar traffic information %hen traffic is very near to your
aircraft or %hen it may interfere %ith your aircraft1s direction of flight. ontrollers provide this
information using the 'cloc!( system. Pour o%n aircraft is used as a reference. The nose is
designated 3> o1cloc!, the right %ing 4 o1cloc!, the tail J o1cloc! and the left %ing 2 o1cloc!. oints
in #et%een 4, J, 2 and 3> are given the appropriate 'time( "hour cloc!
;istance from the aircraft in nautical miles
;irection in %hich the traffic is proceeding *this may include terms li!e closing, converging,
parallel, same direction, opposite direction, diverging, overta&ing, crossing left to right,
crossing right to left-.
Type of aircraft and altitude, if !no%n.
&vaila#ility of this information depends on %hether the aircraft has #een identified on the radar
monitor or not. Information is also #ased on %hether the radar"identified traffic has a displayed
mode *%hich provides altitude information-.
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E+ample /
%isten and Write. 6isten to the items of traffic information on the tape and loo! at the diagrams.
:atch each item %ith the appropriate diagram. +ear in mind that y is the plane receiving the
information and x is the un!no%n traffic.
Item no* -ia"ram
/
0
1
2
3
4
:
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T!pical 'ormat for En Route Traffic Information
Control calls
"aircraft call sign
"traffic position
"traffic distance"traffic direction
pilot replies
"call sign
"Qnegative contact1
"Qrequest vectors1
control replies
"turn leftright
"heading
pilot replies
"read #ac! turn and heading instructions"call sign
/pa#se0
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"Qclear of traffic1
"Qresume o%n navigation1
"navigation instructions5 next en route point,
trac! and distancepilot replies
"Qroger1
"read #ac! navigation instructions
"call sign
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E+ample 0
%isten and Spea). 6isten to the dialogue and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
control calls73B4, un!no%n traffic, 3? o1cloc! B miles,
crossing left to right.
pilot replies
control replies
Turn left, heading ?B?.
pilot replies
control calls
73B4, clear of traffic, resume o%n
navigation, direct , magnetic trac! ??,distance > miles.
pilot replies
%isten and Write. 6isten again and complete the dialogue #y filling in the pilot1s %ords.
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E+ercise >&II
%isten and Spea). 6isten and respond to the traffic information on the tape. Pour call sign is
73B4. 7tart %ith the example again.
E+ercise >&III%isten and Spea).
E+ercise >I>%isten and Write. =rite do%n the controller1s %ords. 6isten again and reply to the controller.
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TOPIC $ & $
DE"CENT
e! $ords and phrases
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
squa%! ident radar contact
leave confirmaffirm increase
rate of descent
-escent
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T!pical e+chan"e for descent
*a+
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"Qsqua%! ident1pilot replies
"Qidenting1
"call sign
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"Qradar contact1
"descent instructions
pilot replies
"Qleaving flight level 1
"Qdescending to level 1
"call sign
/pa#se0
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"further descent instructions
"Qreport passing *flight level-1
pilot replies
"Qdescending to flight level 1"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
"call sign
"Qpassing flight level 1
"Qdescending1
control replies
"call sign
"Qconfirm leaving level 1
pilot replies
"Qaffirm1
"call sign
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*b+
control calls
"call sign
"Qsqua%! & 1
pilot replies"Qsqua%!ing 1
"call sign
control
"call sign
"descent instructions
pilot replies
"Qleaving level 1
"Qdescending to level 1
"call sign
/pa#se0
control calls
"aircraft call sign
"instruction to increase rate of descent
"Qreport passing 1
pilot replies
"read#ac! of instructions
"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
"call sign
"Qpassing flight level 1
"descending
control replies
"Qconfirm leaving level 1
"aircraft call sign
pilot replies
"Qnegative1"Qleaving level 1
"call sign
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E+ample /
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
*a+control calls
73B4, squa%! ident.
pilot replies
control calls
73B4, radar contact. ;escend to flight level
>>?.
pilot replies
control calls
73B4, continue descent to flight level 33?,report passing 3B?.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, confirm leaving level 3B?.
pilot replies
%isten and Write. 6isten again and this time complete the dialogue, %riting do%n the pilot1s%ords.
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E+ample 0
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeatthe pilot1s %ords.
*b+control calls
&9>4B, squa%! &>KK.
pilot replies
control
&9>4B, descend no% to flight level >3?.
pilot replies
control calls
&9>4B, increase rate of descent so as to cross
T at 63B?, report passing level 3A?.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
onfirm leaving 632?, &9>4B.
pilot replies
%isten and Write6isten again and this time complete the dialogue, %riting do%n the pilot1s %ords.
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E+ercise >>
%isten and Spea). Reply to the descent instructions for the follo%ing flights. 7tart %ith the first
t%o examples.
No* 8all si"n 8ruisin" le#el
/ 73B4 43?
0 &9>4B >A?
1 +I32J >2?
2 N4K> >B?
3 :O>B >4?
E+ercise >>I
%isten and Write. 6isten again to the descent instructions for flights5
+I32J
N4K>
:O>B
=rite do%n the controller1s %ords and your o%n response as a pilot.
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CHAPTER FOUR
APPROACH TO PAR(ING
TOPIC % & 1
APPROACH
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
reduce speed delay
no delay expected holding pattern
enter delay not determined
sno% removal
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A? T!pical format for the approach
pilot calls
"name of ground station
"call sign
"greetingcontrol replies
"aircraft call sign
"name of ground station
"Qgo ahead1
pilot replies
"call sign
"flight level
"information received
control replies
"call sign
"squa%! num#er"reporting point
"speed reduction instruction
pilot replies
"Qsqua%!ing *num#er-1
"reducing !nots1
"call sign
/possible pa#se0
control"call sign
"approach clearance
"run%ay num#er
"Qno delay expected1
pilot replies
"read #ac! approach clearance
"call sign
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E+ample /
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
pilot callsOrly &pproach, 73B4.
control replies
73B4, Orly &pproach, go ahead.
pilot replies
control replies
73B4, squa%! &K>J4, report :E6, reduce
speed to >B? !nots.
pilot replies
control73B4, cleared I67 approach, run%ay ?, no
delay expected.
pilot replies
%isten and Write. omplete the text a#ove #y filling in the pilot1s %ords.
9? T!pical format for the approach
pilot calls
"name of ground station
"greeting
"call sign
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"name of ground station
"Qgo ahead1
pilot replies
"call sign
"flight level"Qdescending to *flight level-1
"information received
control replies
"descent instructions
"hold instructions
"Qexpect approach time 1
pilot replies
"Qdescending to 1
"read #ac! hold instructions
"Qexpected approach time 1"call sign
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E+ample 0
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeatthe pilot1s %ords.
pilot calls
control replies
&9>4B, Orly &pproach, go ahead.
pilot replies
control replies
;escend to 6J?, on reaching :E6, hold,
expect approach time at KB.
pilot replies
%isten and Write. omplete the text #y filling in the pilot1s %ords.
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E+ercise >>II
%isten and Spea). Using the details #elo%, call approach control. 7tart %ith the first t%o examples.
8all si"n 'li"ht le#el ATIS Information
/ 73B4
B? :
0 &9>4B 3B?
A?
H
1 +I32J
2? 6
2 N4K> 34?
A?
3 :O>B
2? T
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TOPIC % & #
FINAL APPROACH AND LANDING
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
estimate straight in approach
esta#lished outer mar!er
to%er
'inal Approach and %andin"
T!pical 'ormat
pilot calls
"name of ground station
"call sign
control replies
"aircraft call sign"name of ground station
pilot replies
"call sign
"flight level
"Qestimating *next reporting point-
*time-1
"information received
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"speed reduction instructions"clearance to #eacon
pilot replies
"read #ac! clearance
"Qreducing to !nots1
"call sign
/pa#se0
control
"aircraft call sign
"Qexpect *type of approach-1"run%ay num#er
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"8N$
"Qreport esta#lished1
pilot replies
"run%ay num#er
"8N$
"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
0call sign
"Qesta#lished1
"Qrun%ay in sight1
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"Qnum#er 31
"Qcontact To%er *frequency-1
pilot replies
"read #ac! frequency
"call sign
change o& &re-#ency
pilot calls
"name of ground station"call sign
control replies
"call sign
"Qreport outer mar!er1
pilot replies
"call sign
/pa#se0
pilot calls
"call sign"Qouter mar!er1
control replies
"aircraft call sign
"landing clearance
"%ind direction and strength
pilot replies
"read #ac! landing clearance
"call sign
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E+ample
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeatthe pilot1s %ords.
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, =inton &pproach.
pilot replies
control replies
73B4, reduce speed to >B? !nots, cleared
RE;.
pilot replies
control73B4, expect straight in I67 approach
run%ay ?, 8N$ 3??B, report esta#lished.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, num#er 3, contact To%er 33A.3.
pilot replies
chan"e of fre5uenc!
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, report outer mar!er.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, cleared to land, %ind 44?L, 3? !nots.pilot replies
%isten and Write. 6isten again and complete the text a#ove filling in your %ords as a pilot.
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E+ercise >>III
%isten and Spea). Ta!e the pilot1s role in the follo%ing t%o recorded approach sequences. Use the
flight details #elo%.
8all si"n 'li"ht le#el Estimated time at RE- ATIS
/ 73B4 B? 4> :
0 &9>4B 3B?
A?
3J H
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TOPIC % & $
AFTER LANDING
e! $ords and phrases5
hec! that you understand all the %ords and phrases in this list. 6oo! up any ne% %ords in an
aviation dictionary.
vacated
innerouter taxi%ay
turn"off
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After %andin"
T!pical format
control calls
"call sign"taxi instruction
"frequency change
pilot replies
"read#ac! of frequency
"call sign
pilot calls
"name of ground station
"call sign
"Qrun%ay vacated1
control replies
"call sign
"taxi instructions
"par!ing stand num#er
pilot replies
"read#ac! of taxi instructions
"stand num#er
"call sign
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E+ample
%isten and Spea). 6isten and repeatthe pilot1s %ords.
control calls73B4, ta!e the first right and contact 9round
on 3>3.2.
pilot replies
pilot calls
control replies
73B4, ta!e the second left, inner taxi%ay, to
stand ;.
pilot replies
%isten and Write. omplete the text a#ove #y %riting do%n the pilot1s %ords.
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E+ercise >>I&
%isten and Spea). Reply to the taxi instructions for the follo%ing flights in a similar %ay. 7tart
%ith the example again.
8all si"n
/ 73B4
0 &9>4B
1 +I32J
2 N4K>
3 :O>B
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CHAPTER FI-E
FURTHER PRACTICE
No% that you have gone through the #asic, standard carefully pronounced RT dialogues for
routine situations, you %ill #e encountered %ith some routine and non"routine exchanges related to
the various phases of flight, spo!en in a less orthodox %ay, at a faster pace or %ith a slightly
different phraseology.
Pou are expected to listen to each of the exercises as many times as necessary in order to
understand them thoroughly and to #e a#le to %rite them do%n. In some of the exercises, you %ill
also #e as!ed to spea! so as to contact the controller or to respond to hisher instructions.
Thus, you %ill #e going a step further to%ards understanding authentic material automatically and
instantaneously even %hen the 7RT is not completely and accurately adhered to.
&s you have already #een told, this manual does not attempt to teach you all the %ords andexpressions in the English language that can #e used in any situation during a flight5 you must #ear
in mind this is
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TOPIC ' & 1
DEPARTURE INFORATION!ATI"
-eparture Information.ATIS5
E+ercise
%isten and Write. 6isten and %rite everything you understand.
E+ercise I E+ercise II E+ercise III
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TOPIC ' & #
DEPARTURE INFORATION
%isten, Write and Repeat. 6isten, %rite everything you hear and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
E+ercise I) Navy >>A>
E+ercise II) Hing >2
E+ercise III) +ugle 32
E+ercise I&) Navy 4??
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TOPIC ' & $
ROUTE CLEARANCE"
%isten, Write and Repeat. 6isten, %rite everything you understand, and repeat #oth the pilot1sand the controller1s %ords.
E+ercise I) K933
E+ercise II) K933
E+ercise III) a!e BJ
E+ercise I&) Taco >3
E+ercise &) Hing >2
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TOPIC ' & %
TA*I
%isten, Write and Repeat. 6isten, %rite everything you hear, and repeat the pilot1s %ords.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Navy >>A>
E+ercise III) acer A
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E+ercise I&) acer A2
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TOPIC ' & '
TA(E OFF
%isten, Write and Repeat. 6isten, %rite everything you understand, and ta!e the pilot1s part.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Navy >>A>
E+ercise III) +lade 32
E+ercise I&) Navy K9BK
E+ercise &) Navy K9KB
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TOPIC ' & )
DEPARTURE
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten, %rite and spea!@ play the pilot1s part first and then thecontroller1s.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Navy >>A>
E+ercise III) Taurus 2
E+ercise I&) ame B2
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TOPIC ' & +
EN ROUTE
%isten and Respond. %isten and Write.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Navy >>A>
E+ercise III) :oot 33
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%isten and Write.
E+ercise I&
3 >
4
K
B
J
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TOPIC ' & .
EN ROUTE TO ARRI-AL
%isten, Write and Respond. 6isten and %rite do%n everything you understand, then listen againand respond.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Navy >>A>
E+ercise III) Navy >>A>
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E+ercise I&) :oot 33
E+ercise &) &nvil A
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TOPIC ' & /
APPROACH TO LANDING
%isten and Write. 6isten and %rite everything you understand. Then play the pilot1s part.
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TOPIC ' & 10
TA*I TO PAR(ING
%isten, Write and Spea). 6isten, %rite and spea!@ play #oth the pilot1s and the controller1s%ords.
E+ercise I) Taco >3
E+ercise II) Hing >2