STUDIO AIR2015, SEMESTER 2,

Yueer Wang 683623

PART B

B.1. RESEARch fIElD

TessenlaTion

Tessenlation of a flat surface is the tilting of a plane using one or more geomatric shhapes woth no overlaps or gaps. In mathmetics, regulator tessenlation means a tessenlation made up of congruant regular polygons. Tessenlartion patterns has to be equalivant in sides and angles, same in size and shape. Tessenlation is always applied as one of the strong ways of art expression, it is flexible thus can fit into any deisgn purposes.

In architecture, tessenlation ornament are widely used as one of the digital design process today. Architecture needs ornament to allow the connect to culture and to be more dynamic in visual commuciation. Tessenlation can arcieve maximum possibiliyu in exterior expression, which is independentfrom its interioryet contributes to urban setting.Architecture needs mechanism that allow it to be connected to culture. Because of itsflexibility in design pattern, the reason why tesenlation is widely accepted by newly developing urban form is apperant. Moreover, transparency is using as one significant feature in modern architecture. Tessenlation design is widely accepted as facade design today, functioning as ornament as well as shading system. It is not only felxible in desgin purpose but also in assembly.

The reason why I choose tessenlation as my study field is beacause I am insterested in how architects apply tessenlation into different parts of the building to archieve different outcome. Through the regulated repeat of patterns in differnet geometric shapes, tessenlation in design makes building more dynamic. Differnet from old style of architectural ornament, tessenlation allow the maximum use of digital design purposes, which works together with visual and methmatic purposes. Architects also need to figure out how those panels connect together, yet in some cases tesselation patterns are alive.

In order to habe a better understaning of tessenlation, I choose to focus on not only how tessenaltion can be used as visual commucoation but also how it can bring more dynamic features in to architectural elements.

Case study 1 will take Voussoir Cloud as one example.

CASE STUDY -- VOUSSOIR CLOUD

inTRoDUCTion

Voussoir cloud design uses triangulated tessenlation panels to produce a pavillion structure stand in between two walls of a gallery. Voussoir Cloud explore the structural paradigm of pure compression coupled with an ultra-light material system. 1 This three-dimensional structural use folded wood panels along its curved seams. The curves. The curve producean inflected form that relies on the internal surface tension of the wood and folded geometry of the flangles to hold its shapes.

1 Voussoir Cloud, IwamotoScott Architecture, retrieved 28th April, 2016 from http://iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD.

The Voussoir Cloud introduce how light material can from relative strong structure through the design of tension curves.

Wood Panels are fixed together to span supporting forces along its surface. Triangulated panels dispatch unity force pressure on its horizontal top surface. Digital design methods of kangaroo plug-in can be used during design stages. It helps to analyse of forces with multiple span direction, thus to help create suitable panels in tessenlation form.

As picture shows above, which is the analysis and tessenlation diagra of Voussoir Cloud. In order to generate tessenlation modules, form of the surface has to be analised with forces along the entire surface, to make the light weight structure stands up.

B . 2 . c A E S E S T U DY 1

SPEcIES 1 spring force + kangaroo Plug-in

lengTh : 0 U foRCe : -216 PRessURe : 100 lengTh : 0 U foRCe : 800 PRessURe : 150

lengTh : 0.9 U foRCe : -800 PRessURe : 100

lengTh : 0.9 U foRCe : 200 PRessURe : 150

SPEcIES 2

SPEcIES 3 VOROnOI BEnDIng SURfACE

SPEcIES 4

Length: 0.5 U force: 0.5 Pressure: 200

SPEcIES 5

SPEcIES 6

SELECTIOn Of ITERATIOnS

My design purpose is to design a long, comparable large span pavillion structure, which provides light and shadows. This project is aiming to have strong visual impact, having interaction in between the structure itself and surrounding environment.

iTeRaTion 1:

The reason why I choose this structure is because it suits the aim of longer spa. By using the supporting columns, it is structural functioning and flexible with different topography.

iTeRaTion 2:

This design is in mushroom shape, which has round extrusion along its top plates. It has unique structure layout with strong visual impression.

My design purpose is to design a long, comparable large span pavillion structure, which provides light and shadows. This project is aiming to have strong visual impact, having interaction in between the structure itself and surrounding environment.

iTeRaTion 3:

This structure is in pentagon shape with hollow columns raising up the top plate. It uses triangular tessenlation, which produce dynamic shadows under sunlight.

ITERATIOn 4:

Similar to iteration2, this structure looks like the shorten version of its supporting columns, It has sharp curve lines along its vertical surface.

B . 3 . c A E S E S T U DY 2 . 0

hyPosURfaCe

The Hyposurface is designed with the development of software and hardware, covering for a 10m X 4m area with 750 mudular system with sound and movement interactivity. The surface will move up to 500mm at 3hz. 1

According to the composition analysis diagram on the bottom left hand, Hyposurface was deesigned into serval layers to produce dynamic visual movements on one large surface with triangulated panles. In digital design process, grasshopper plug-in firefly can be used for sounds and image capture. By setting one surface along axis, firefly plug-in can easily produce one dynamic surface like Hyposurface. It can response to the software input or the environemtnal change.

Another interesting feature about Hyposurface design is its connection. Serval layers of elements are connection with specific connection joints, linked with motors, in order to react fast and accurate.

1. Project Hyposurface, MIT Architecture, retrieved 28th April, 2016 from http://architecture.mit.edu/arhtectural-design/project/hyposurface

RIVERSE EngInEERIng 1/2

Step 1:

Using sound capture in firefly to generate dynamic sounds waves.

Step 2:

Using construct points and nurbs curve panel, retangle along YZ direction, by multiplcation Y Vector to have dynamic sounds waves along axies.

Type 1 : SoundS CapTure plug-In

Step 4:

Set one mesh plane with changable width and height value.

Step 3:

Using force normals to abstract the normals and centre poins of all focus in the mesh.

Step 5:

Plug in meshplane into Wavebirds stellate to create dynamic trianglated wall surface controlled by sounds.

RIVERSE EngInEERIng 2/2

Step 1:

Using bitmap in firefly for image setting of rectangular plane+ mesh the plane.

Step 2:

Seeting imagnie with high contrast for better outcome.

Type 1 : Image CapTure plug-In

Step 4:

Apply graph mapper to control the extrusion along the surface.

Step 3:

Using face normals to extract all centre points in the meshes.

Step 5:

Using Wavebirds Stellate to add a pyramidoneach faces with the plug in of multiplication.

B . 4 . T E C H I n I C A L D E V E LO PM E n T

EXPLORE TESSEnLATIOn PATTERnIng-- SOUnDS CAPTURE

EXPLORE TESSEnLATIOn PATTERnIng-- IMAgE CAPTURE

EXPLORE TESSEnLATIOn PATTERnIng-- IMAgE CAPTURE

EXPLORE TESSEnLATIOn PATTERnIng-- THICknESS & SHAPE

EXPLORE TESSEnLATIOn PATTERnIng-- THICknESS & SHAPE

seleCTeD iTeRaTions

SElEcTED SPEcIES 1

This is the futher development of tessenlation panels in facade or cladding design. Horizontal plates is a large image panels of selected picture. Image facade has very strong visual impression.

SElEcTED SPEcIES 2

The extrusion of pointed structures form dynamic appearance. It is the futher development of Hyposurface design, developed by changing the input value using firefly. Appearance similiar to The British pavillion at 2010 Shanghai Expo.

SElEcTED SPEcIES 3

Shape of this design looks like typhoon diagram. It consists of two beding curve walls with dynamic facade like Hyposurface, made by firefly plug-in. At the centre point of the typhoon, two curved walls are overlapped but not joint, yet can provide insteresting walk ways for users.

SElEcTED SPEcIES 4

This design is also the futher development of Hypersurface. In order to achieve its develpment along different axes, I design this structure along Y axis. It is one interesting walk ways with changing length of pointed extrusion on its top and bottom plates. Different extrusion area makes it possible with various using methods.

B . 5 P R OT P Y T P E S

Tessenlation panelss design is using the simple geometric shapes of conterminous repeated triangles and oval panels.

Those panels are designed in light weight and semitransparent material of plastic membrane. Design idea comes from windmill. By folding 4 identical panel with one pin in the middle, windmill can creat dymanic and beautiful outcomes by changing its shapes and connection types. The reason why choose triangle shape is because its strong stability. Oval gaps in betwee triangle panles are designed for more felxible transforms of the entire structure. By replating the basic shape of fours triangle panles, this design can meet differnet using purpose.

Similar to Vossoir Cloud, this design is foucing on large span functional pavillion. But with the coperate of connection types, it can achieve various layout. Like the Hyposurface, it can be even more flexible according to material and connection change.

TESSEnLATIOn

finish TyPe 1: Elastic tessenlation memeberane structurefinish type 1 is focus on how tessenlation can achieve dynamic surface outcomes. By using elasticity memebrane, it is felxible in lay out and form to satisfy differnt using purposes. As picture show above, tessenlation panles with flexible junction can archieve different outcomes in shapes and layout forms. It is high in elasticity and tension, suitable for larger span pavillion structure. Tessenlation panles in triangle shapes with long and narrow oval gaps will have even better performance in tersion and compression forcces.

finish TyPe 2:Plywood/ plastic tessenlation strcturePlywood or plastic material usage will have better performance in large span structure, like what is used in the case of Vossoir Cloud. It can strongly stand up with specific height in certain design purpose of supporting force. It can be static or changable in form. Refering to Hypo surface case study, material with harder finish can coperate with flexible joints to archieve dymanic and strong visual communcation as well. Static in panels, dynamic overall.

COnnECTIOn RESEARCH

The connection in case study Hyposurface is very unique and felxible. In order to produce the dynamic changes along the adges of each panyyerns, each connection is designed as two bulked claw-like components. It uses soft plastic to archieve gathing and expanding movements of tessenlation panels. Best part of the connection design is, connection conponents is easily builked with its special shapes.

The connection in case study Hyposurface is very unique and felxible. In order to produce the dynamic changes along the adges of each panyyerns, each connection is designed as two bulked claw-like components. It uses soft plastic to archieve gathing and expanding movements of tessenlation panels. Best part of the connection design is, connection conponents is easily builked with its special shapes.

The bottom end of the connection is connected with supporting columns and fixed on motors. Thus it can easily change the height of extrusion of linkages gap between each tessenlation panels. BY working with computation softwares, Hyposurfaces dynamic changings is achieved through its felxible plastic connection.

COnnECTIOn DESIgn

Connection Design type 1 --- flexible ConnectionThis design idea comes from the shape of flowers.

The main joint is a complex system made by to cylinder with 8 holding panels attach to each tessenlation surface panel. The two cylinder have one ball connection in between, thus provide flexible movement in every angle. another cylinder connection is attach to the bottom holding cylinder to provde fixed supporting force of the entire structure. The bottom end of this flexble structure is attached with one slim columns which may connect with small motor to produce changes in lay out of the overall pattern.

How does this connection achieve highly flexible?

Instead of the ball connection used between the two main cylinder joints, 4 additional slding rail is design at the back of each triangle panel, connection with this connection system with long and thin columns, whcih all have ball channels at the ends, attach to the sliding rail. Material : soft plastic

Connection Design type 2 --- flexible ConnectionThe design idea is inspired by the connection design of hyposurfac.

The main part of this structure, which is highlighted in yellow in the picture, is a claw like structure in ball shape. This structure hold the panel frames, tightly attached to the tesenaltion panels. At its bottom ends, another ball connection is attached in order to achieve movement in different directions. As for the connection with tessenlation panels, the rectangular holding frames have indentations to fixed tessenlation panels. Similar to connection 1, the end of this connection can also connection to motor in order to archieve dynamic out comes.

This connection is comparable easy to assemble.

Material : soft plastic for ball connections hard plastic for holding panels and columns

flexbility : 1 > 2> 3 hardness: 1 < 2 < 3 Complexity : 2 > 3 > 1

Connection Design type 2 --- flexible ConnectionThe design idea is inspired by the connection design of hyposurfac.

The main part of this structure, which is highlighted in yellow in the picture, is a claw like structure in ball shape. This structure hold the panel frames, tightly attached to the tesenaltion panels. At its bottom ends, another ball connection is attached in order to achieve movement in different directions. As for the connection with tessenlation panels, the rectangular holding frames have indentations to fixed tessenlation panels. Similar to connection 1, the end of this connection can also connection to motor in order to archieve dynamic out comes.

This connection is comparable easy to assemble.

Material : soft plastic for ball connections hard plastic for holding panels and columns

Connection Design type 3 --- fixed ConnectionConnection is a strong connection with its shape similar to gears.

It looks like two gears each with 8 extrusion attach to each other by one thin column. It has strong fixed connection ability. But still, each part of the gear can also be moveable with centred spinning center. Thus it can only move in any direction along one surface. The bottom part of this connection consists with 8 holding panels, every 2 of them will hold one tessenlation panel.

Material: solid plastic

flexbility : 1 > 2> 3 hardness: 1 < 2 < 3 Complexity : 2 > 3 > 1

COnnECTIOn DESIgn VIEW

ConneCTion TyPe 1

ConneCTion TyPe 2

ConneCTion TyPe 3

B . 6 T E C H U n I q U E P U R P O S A L

site analysisMerri Creek locates at north reigion of Melbourne.

on site observation: 1. large area covered by vegetation Tree height : approx 6 ~ 8 m lower tree + bushes height: approx 50cm ~ 1.5 m Beautiful view of natural envrionment.

2. high ratio of daily sunlight exposure. Sufficent sunlight all year around.

3. harmonity society between human and animals.

site onservation: various birds.

4. local community according to site observation: people are using the site as the place of juggling, walking dogs, relaxing with family members.

site observation :

sunlight angle at 14: 00 p.m. is around 32 degree. mild breeze. Mild noisy. Wind blows from southeast.

M e R R i C R e e k

DESIIRED PlAcE

Design PURPose: Comtempory design purpose is focusing on how the structure can function together with natural environment, which will discuss through:

--To intergrate people with natural environment.

--functioning as outdoor space, aiming to inprove site using experience.

--interacting with natural environment. Dynamic in terms of natural. from nature and back to nature.

--strong visual communciation.

--fit into various using purposes and users ages.

Study field, tessenlation, is perfectly suited the design purpose because of its dynamic and felixible in form and lay out.

n

DESIIRED PlAcE

Design Thinking

Redefine Design Purposal

Design purpose along Merri Vreek is amiming for an interactive structure which can satisfied different target group with various requirment.

Design idea at this stage is one dome like structure placed above the ground. It is supported by systems of high adjustable columns, placed at the bending points on its surface, to achieve dynamic and intergated structure. The height of this structure is approx 35 cm (lowest boundary) to 70 cm (highest boundry), adjustable height range between 35 cm to 70 cm. By using thick rubber as the only material for this surface, it is soft, safe for children. Holes on the surface also makes it intergrate with small animals. In futher design stages, the surface may will break into small tessenlation panels to make it more dynamic.

Connections using for linking the surface and supporting columns are what have introduced in the pevious section for connection design. The three connection types will be used in one same project in order to meet differnet needs for a dynamic structure. The bottom end of supporting columns or strips will be connected with motors, like Hyposurface, which allow it changes

instantly and efficiently with different capture elements.

B . 7. L E A R n I n g O U TCO M E S

Reflection on Case Study 1.0 + 2.0

As setting Tessenlation as study field, using Voussoir Cloud and Hyposurface as 2 study cases, the understanding of how tessenlation patterns can work with mathematics, art expression and computational methods has been enhanced. Modern architecture appreciate simple ornaments, using geometirc shapes to function as ornament patterns. for case 1.0 of Voussoir Cloud, the connections between tessenlation patterns are solid fixed together, in order to achieve structural support for entire structure. It helps me to undertand how tessenlation can be used not only as cladding or decoration patterns, but also can form various structure elements through the changes of its connections and material settings. This case is also very successful in term of produce light and shadow, changes not only in itself but also to its surrounding environment. Different from Voussoir Cloud, Hyposurface is another sucessful example of how design purposes has to work together with hardware and computation software to achieve its dynamic changes. Hyposurface is not functioning as structural elements. As one decoration pattern, felxible vertical moveable connection of Hyposurface design allow it achieve strong visual communciation through its changing forms. for me, these two case studys illustrates how tessenlation panels can be applied in different elements of architectural design, in order to achieve different design pueposes.

Overall ReflectionBy searching and re-engineer case studys, using software helps me to think beyond the limitation of tessenlation patterns. Tessenlation design feature can be used not only thtough its strong visual communciation, but also can have functional feature by changing its connection type. It brings dynamic features to the overall design project with the intergation of its sourroundings or natural features.

Reflection on Case Study 1.0 + 2.0

As setting Tessenlation as study field, using Voussoir Cloud and Hyposurface as 2 study cases, the understanding of how tessenlation patterns can work with mathematics, art expression and computational methods has been enhanced. Modern architecture appreciate simple ornaments, using geometirc shapes to function as ornament patterns. for case 1.0 of Voussoir Cloud, the connections between tessenlation patterns are solid fixed together, in order to achieve structural support for entire structure. It helps me to undertand how tessenlation can be used not only as cladding or decoration patterns, but also can form various structure elements through the changes of its connections and material settings. This case is also very successful in term of produce light and shadow, changes not only in itself but also to its surrounding environment. Different from Voussoir Cloud, Hyposurface is another sucessful example of how design purposes has to work together with hardware and computation software to achieve its dynamic changes. Hyposurface is not functioning as structural elements. As one decoration pattern, felxible vertical moveable connection of Hyposurface design allow it achieve strong visual communciation through its changing forms. for me, these two case studys illustrates how tessenlation panels can be applied in different elements of architectural design, in order to achieve different design pueposes.

Overall ReflectionBy searching and re-engineer case studys, using software helps me to think beyond the limitation of tessenlation patterns. Tessenlation design feature can be used not only thtough its strong visual communciation, but also can have functional feature by changing its connection type. It brings dynamic features to the overall design project with the intergation of its sourroundings or natural features.

B . 8 . R E f E R E n C E S

Aegis Hyposurface, retrieved 28th April 2018, https://www.upf.edu/pdi/dcom/xavierberenguer/recursos/ima_dig/_2_/estampes/d4_9.html.

Aegis Hyposurface-kinetic Mediafascade, Media Architecture Institute, retrieved 28th April 2016, http://www.mediaarchitecture.org/aegis-hyposurface-kinetic-mediafassade/.

Hyposurface - dECOi Architects, Architect People, retrieved 28th April 2016, http://archinect.com/raphaelcrespin/project/hyposurface-decoi-architects

Iwamoto Scotts Voussoir Cloud, Bdonline, retrieved 28th April 2018, http://www.bdonline.co.uk/iwamoto-scott-architecture%E2%80%99s-voussoir-cloud/3127520.article

Sounds Wave animation, retrieved 28th April 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om21x8YZ5tg

Voussoir Cloud, IwamotoScott, retrieved 28th April 2016, http://www.iwamotoscott.com/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD.

Voussoir Cloud, Design Exhange, retrieved 28th April 2016, http://www.demagazine.co.uk/architecture/voussoir-cloud

Varibility as a shown of force, Digital Provocations, retrieved 28th April 2016, https://digitalprovocations.wordpress.com/2011/11/09/variability-as-a-showing-of-force/

B . 9. A P P E n D I X

BRICk WALL