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PART B PART B PhysicalPhysical Barrier Protection Barrier Protection
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): isis
important and includesimportant and includes
GlovesGloves
MasksMasks
EyewearEyewear
GownsGowns
GLOVESGLOVES
TypesTypes Clinical and Non-Clinical useClinical and Non-Clinical use
Types for clinical useTypes for clinical useSterile,Sterile, single use for surgical procedures single use for surgical procedures..
Non-sterile,Non-sterile, single use; to protect the single use; to protect the hands from contact with blood,saliva and hands from contact with blood,saliva and body fluidsbody fluids..
UseUseChange after each patient procedure Change after each patient procedure OR OR during multiple procedures on same during multiple procedures on same patientpatient
GlovesGloves
Types for non-clinical useTypes for non-clinical use
ReusableReusable::
–LatexLatex
–Non-latex (Nitrile, Neoprene)Non-latex (Nitrile, Neoprene)
UseUse
Whilst reprocessing equipment and for Whilst reprocessing equipment and for
housekeeping, cleaning chair, housekeeping, cleaning chair,
surfaces if contaminated by blood or surfaces if contaminated by blood or
body fluidbody fluid
Single use GlovesSingle use GlovesDisposableDisposable
Examination gloves should be Examination gloves should be
checked when donnedchecked when donned
Changed when holed or tornChanged when holed or torn
Hands must be washed or Hands must be washed or
decontaminated when gloves decontaminated when gloves
removedremoved
Single use GlovesSingle use Gloves
Single useSingle useLatexLatex examination gloves examination gloves
AdvantagesAdvantages of Latex gloves of Latex gloves::
EconomicalEconomical
Flexible and elastic, easy to Flexible and elastic, easy to don and removedon and remove
Can double glove if requiredCan double glove if required
Single use Single use Latex surgical glovesLatex surgical gloves
Excellent quality controlExcellent quality control
Can be worn for long Can be worn for long
periods of time, 60 minutes periods of time, 60 minutes
or more before glove or more before glove
integrity is potentially integrity is potentially
changedchanged
Single use Single use Non-latex Non-latex examination glovesexamination gloves
Nitrile examination Nitrile examination glovesgloves
IndicationsIndications
Latex sensitivity for OR Latex sensitivity for OR
patientpatient..
Single useSingle use Non-latex Non-latex examination glovesexamination gloves
Neoprene examination Neoprene examination glovesgloves
IndicationsIndications
Latex sensitivity for health care Latex sensitivity for health care
worker and patientworker and patient
Single use Non latex Single use Non latex surgical gloves - surgical gloves - Neoprene glovesNeoprene gloves
AdvantagesAdvantages
More elasticity than nitrile glovesMore elasticity than nitrile gloves
Excellent quality controlExcellent quality control
Easy to wearEasy to wear
Durable for long proceduresDurable for long procedures
But, more expensive than nitrile glovesBut, more expensive than nitrile gloves
MASKSMASKS
Surgical maskSurgical mask..Particulate filter [N95], for airborne Particulate filter [N95], for airborne
diseasesdiseases..
A mustA must
when a possibility of splashing or when a possibility of splashing or splattering of blood or other body fluids splattering of blood or other body fluids to the faceto the face..
Protection from Aerosol contaminationProtection from Aerosol contamination..
MasksMasks
Masks should be used to reduce the amount of Masks should be used to reduce the amount of droplets that will be inhaled during the operative droplets that will be inhaled during the operative procedureprocedure..
Masks should be replaced after each patient or at Masks should be replaced after each patient or at least every 30 minutes after donning to ensure the least every 30 minutes after donning to ensure the protective mechanism of the mask is not protective mechanism of the mask is not
compromisedcompromised . .
MASKS DO’S & DON'TSMASKS DO’S & DON'TS DODO::
Fit and wear according to Fit and wear according to manufacturer’s instructionsmanufacturer’s instructions
Cover both the mouth and noseCover both the mouth and noseRemove ASAP if moist or soiledRemove ASAP if moist or soiledRemove and discarded as soon Remove and discarded as soon
as practicable after useas practicable after use
DON’TDON’T::Touch the mask once onTouch the mask once on
Hang around neckHang around neck
EYE PROTECTIONEYE PROTECTION
Optically clear and anti-fogOptically clear and anti-fog
Close fittingClose fitting
Shielded at the sidesShielded at the sides
GOWNS AND PLASTIC APRONSGOWNS AND PLASTIC APRONS
Impermeable, water repellent gowns Impermeable, water repellent gowns and/or plastic aprons protect the and/or plastic aprons protect the worker from contamination with blood worker from contamination with blood and body substancesand body substances..
Use for specific activity (do not leave Use for specific activity (do not leave on all day!)on all day!)..
Remove as soon as possible after Remove as soon as possible after contamination or usecontamination or use . .
Bag for laundering or disposalBag for laundering or disposal..
Principles of infection control:Standard PrecautionsPrinciples of infection control:Standard Precautions Barrier Protection: Barrier Protection: Environmental barriersEnvironmental barriers
Clinical area should be clearly divided into Clinical area should be clearly divided into
clean, clerical and dirty areasclean, clerical and dirty areas . .
Environmental barriers may be more Environmental barriers may be more
effective than manual decontamination effective than manual decontamination
(cleaning)(cleaning)
Environmental barriers can save time by Environmental barriers can save time by
decreasing “change-over time” between decreasing “change-over time” between
patientspatients..
Some viruses can survive in saline Some viruses can survive in saline
solution for as long as six dayssolution for as long as six days
Barriers on surfacesBarriers on surfaces
What can be caught from a What can be caught from a surfacesurface??
Head liceHead liceFungal organismsFungal organismsSARSSARSMRSA MRSA [[methicillin resistant methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus]staphylococcus aureus]
When to use barriers on surfacesWhen to use barriers on surfaces
Areas in the zone of contaminationAreas in the zone of contamination..
Difficult to clean areasDifficult to clean areas . .
Plastic bag
Barriers on surfaces Barriers on surfaces Difficult to clean areasDifficult to clean areas
Spittoons can be difficult to Spittoons can be difficult to cleanclean
Patients often miss the Patients often miss the spittoon and spit on floor spittoon and spit on floor or surrounding or surrounding environment, especially if environment, especially if numbnumb
Young children find it Young children find it difficult to rinse and spitdifficult to rinse and spit
Barriers on surfaces Barriers on surfaces Difficult to clean areas Difficult to clean areas
Alternatives to a spittoon includeAlternatives to a spittoon include::–Denture cupDenture cup
–A Funnel attached to the suction A Funnel attached to the suction whereby the funnel can be removed whereby the funnel can be removed after each patient, cleaned and after each patient, cleaned and sterilisedsterilised
–No rinsing, lavage with triple syringe No rinsing, lavage with triple syringe and remove water with suctionand remove water with suction
Environmental cleaningEnvironmental cleaning
Foot controlsFoot controls use limit use limit contaminationcontamination..
Floors should be easily Floors should be easily washedwashed and made of and made of impermeable materialimpermeable material . .
Carpet Carpet should notshould not be used in be used in a treatment areaa treatment area..
Neutral detergentNeutral detergent should be should be used for environmental used for environmental cleaningcleaning;;
–Doesn’t smearDoesn’t smear–Doesn’t corrode equipmentDoesn’t corrode equipment
PART C PART C
INSTRUMENT RE-PROCESSINGINSTRUMENT RE-PROCESSING(cleaning)(cleaning)