PART 3 LIMITED GOVERNMENT. Declaration of Independence Political Spectrum General Welfare

PART 3 LIMITED GOVERNMENT


Declaration of IndependencePolitical SpectrumGeneral Welfare


Interstate CommerceNecessary and Proper

Individual Liberty and State Sovereignty

The Declaration of Independence


We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--


That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, -


That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.


Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.


But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.


Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.


The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.


In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury.


A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.


We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States;


that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.


And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.


30 of the 56 signers had to make good on their pledge.


30 of the 56 signers had to make good on their pledge.5 Were Captured, Tortured and Killed9 More Died from Wounds or Hardship of War2 Lost Their Sons2 More Had Sons Captured12 Had their Homes Looted and Burned


SIMILARITIES TO TODAY Imperial Congress Does Whatever it Wants

No Regard for State Sovereignty No Regard for Our Liberty No Regard for the United States Constitution




Overreaching Executive Exerts Unprecedented Power




Overreaching Executive Exerts Unprecedented Power Highest Court Gets it Wrong at Least Half the Time

and Decides Many Cases 5 to 4




Overreaching Executive Exerts Unprecedented Power Highest Court Gets it Wrong at Least Half the Time

and Decides Many Cases 5 to 4 Federal Government that Reaches into Every Aspect

of our Lives


SIMILARITIES TO TODAYWe Are Suffering While Evils Are Sufferable


SIMILARITIES TO TODAYWe Are Suffering While Evils Are SufferableA Long Train of Abuses and Usurpations

Have Revealed Their Plan to Reduce us Under Absolute Despotism


SIMILARITIES TO TODAYWe Are Suffering While Evils Are SufferableA Long Train of Abuses and Usurpations

Have Revealed Their Plan to Reduce us Under Absolute Despotism

We Have Petitioned for Redress in Humble and Peaceful Terms


SIMILARITIES TO TODAY We Are Suffering While Evils Are Sufferable A Long Train of Abuses and Usurpations Have

Revealed Their Plan to Reduce us Under Absolute Despotism


Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury – insults and mocking


SIMILARITIES TO TODAY We Are Suffering While Evils Are Sufferable A Long Train of Abuses and Usurpations Have

Revealed Their Plan to Reduce us Under Absolute Despotism


It is Our Right and Our Duty to Throw This Government Off By Whatever Method Works

POLITICAL SPECTRUM

POLITICAL SPECTRUM• What Are All These “isms”?

COMMUNISM

COMMUNISM MARXISM

COMMUNISM FASCISMMARXISM


SOCIALISM


PROGRESSIVISMSOCIALISM


LIBERALISMPROGRESSIVISMSOCIALISM


LIBERALISMPROGRESSIVISMSOCIALISM


LIBERALISMPROGRESSIVISM

SOCIALISM


PROGRESSIVISM

SOCIALISM

LIBERALISM

COMMUNISM

MARXISM

FASCISM

SOCIALISM

PROGRESSIVISM

LIBERALISM

COMMUNISM

MARXISM

FASCISM

SOCIALISM

PROGRESSIVISM

LIBERALISM

STATISM

COMMUNISMMARXISMFASCISMSOCIALISMPROGRESSIVISMLIBERALISM =STATISM

COMMUNISMMARXISMFASCISMSOCIALISMPROGRESSIVISMLIBERALISM =STATISMWORSHIP OF THE STATE

COMMUNISMMARXISMFASCISMSOCIALISMPROGRESSIVISMLIBERALISM =STATISMWORSHIP OF THE STATE

“LEGION”What is your name?

My name is Legion, for we are many.

COMMUNISMMARXISMFASCISMSOCIALISMPROGRESSIVISMLIBERALISM “LEGION”

COMMUNISMMARXISMFASCISMSOCIALISMPROGRESSIVISMLIBERALISM

COMMUNISMLIBERALISM “COUSINS”

“LEGION”

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM[AS TAUGHT IN SOME UNIVERSITIES]

CO

MM

UN

IST

S

FA

SC

IST

S

DE

MO

CR

AT

S

RE

PU

BLI

CA

NS

MO

DE

RA

TE

S

LIBERAL CONSERVATIVE

MORE INCLINED TO ACCEPT AND PROMOTE CHANGE

LESS INCLINED TO ACCEPT AND PROMOTE CHANGE

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUMAdapted from “The American Form of Govt”

TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM

TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

AN

AR

CH

Y

ST

AT

ISM

--

“LE

GIO

N”


TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

AN

AR

CH

Y

US

CO

NS

TIT

UT

ION

ST

AT

ISM

--

“LE

GIO

N”


TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

AN

AR

CH

Y

US

CO

NS

TIT

UT

ION

ST

AT

ISM

--

“LE

GIO

N”

RN

C


TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

AN

AR

CH

Y

US

CO

NS

TIT

UT

ION

ST

AT

ISM

--

“LE

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TOTAL GOVERNMENT

NO GOVERNMENT

LIMITED GOVERNMENT

AN

AR

CH

Y

US

CO

NS

TIT

UT

ION

ST

AT

ISM

--

“LE

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“PROGRESS” AS DEFINED BY PROGRESSIVES

THE WISDOM OF THE AGES

From the inattention of the people to the concerns of their government, from their carelessness and negligence, I must confess that I do apprehend some danger. I fear that they may place too implicit a confidence in their public servants, and fail properly to scrutinize their conduct; that in this way they may be made the dupes of designing men, and become the instruments of their own undoing.

Daniel Webster

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES – ORIGINAL INTENT

What Does It Mean?


What Does It Mean? What Did the Parties Mean for It to

Mean?



Mean? We Discussed “More Perfect Union”



Mean? We Discussed “More Perfect Union” We Determined that it Meant a Stronger

Union; but still Strictly Limited



Mean? We Discussed “More Perfect Union” We Determined that it Meant a Stronger

Union; but still Strictly Limited Now We are going to Discuss Three

Phrases that have been Twisted and Abused to Create an Unlimited Govt



Mean? Now We are going to Discuss Three


General Welfare





General Welfare Interstate Commerce





General Welfare Interstate Commerce, and Necessary and Proper



Mean? What Does It Mean “To Promote the

“General Welfare” ?



Mean? What Does It Mean “To Promote the

“General Welfare” ? “General Welfare” Means the Equal Well-

Being of the Member States



Mean? “General Welfare” Means the Equal Well-

Being of the Member States How Do We Know?





Internal Evidence (The Text of the Constitution)





Internal Evidence (The Text of the Constitution) External Evidence (The Ratifying Documents,

Comments of the Writers, Other Underlying Documents)





Internal Evidence (The Text of the Constitution) Preamble and 1.8.1


What Does It Mean? What Did the Parties Mean for It to Mean?

“General Welfare” Means the Equal Well-Being of the Member States

How Do We Know? Internal Evidence (The Text of the Constitution) External Evidence (The Ratifying Documents,

Comments of the Writers, Other Underlying Documents) Articles of Confederation, Articles 3 and 8


Articles of Confederation -- Article 3 Article III. The said States hereby severally

enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever.


With respect to the words general welfare, I have always regarded them as qualified by the detail of powers connected with them. To take them in a literal and unlimited sense would be a metamorphosis of the Constitution into a character which there is a host of proofs was not contemplated by its creators. --James Madison End Part 3