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Part 3: Designing and Producing Apparel
Chapter 8
Using Design in Fashion
Objectives
• Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion
• Apply the principles of design to apparel
• Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs
• Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance
The Design Equation
• Elements– Color– Shape– Line– Texture
• Principles– Balance– Proportion– Emphasis– Rhythm
The Elements of Design CCOOLLOORR
• Hue– The name given to a color
• Value– The lightness or darkness of
a hue
• Tint– Adding white to a hue
(pastel)
• Shade– Adding black to a hue
• Intensity– The brightness or dullness of
a hue
CCOOLLOORR Communication• Black Black - elegant,
sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad
• Brown Brown - earthy, casual, comfortable, natural
• Navy Navy - dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm
• Green Green – signifies life, nature, friendly
• Red Red - aggressive, passionate, vibrant
• Yellow Yellow - sunny, cheerful, warm
• Orange Orange - cheerful, youthful, lively
• Violet Violet - royal, wise, dramatic
• Gray Gray - modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional
• Beige Beige - quiet, tailored
• White White – innocent, youthful, pure
• Pink Pink - soft, feminine
• Gold Gold - wealth, power, luxury
Using the CCOOLLOORR Wheel
• PrimPrimaryary HuesHues– Red, yellow, blue
• SeconSecondarydary HuesHues– Orange, green, violet
• InterIntermediatemediate oror TertiaryTertiary HuesHues– Yellow-green, yellow-
orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green
CCOOLLOORR Schemes• MMoonnoocchhrroommaattiicc
– Tints and shades of one hue
• AAnnaalologgoouuss– Adjacent hues
• CCoommpplleemmeennttaarryy– Opposite hues
• SpSplitlit complementarycomplementary– 1 hue with hues on
each side of its complement
• TTrriiaadd– 3 hues equal distance
• AcAccceentnteded n neeuutrtralal– Neutral (white, black,
gray, beige) with an accent of bright color
Illusions Through CCOOLLOORR
Using Color in Fashion• Extreme contrast makes
colors look brighter• Light colored objects
appear larger• Dark colored objects
recede or appear smaller
• Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark
• Color is affected by light and texture
SHAPE and LINELINE• Shape or
silhouette– Outline or form – Determined by cut
and construction of the garment
• Lines in Fashion– Outline the inner
and outer spaces– Can be structural or
decorative
The shape of the pants are bell-bottoms, the lines (stripes) are decorative
LINELINE Types and Directions
• Straight – Bold, severe, dignified
• Curved– Flowing, rounded, soft,
youthful
• Jagged or Diagonal– Noticeable, interesting,
can create confusion
• Vertical– Height, slimming, dignity
• Horizontal– Width, restful, calming
TEXTURE• Tactile quality of goods
or how material feels• Can be created from
fibers, yarns, and fabric construction
• Illusions– Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or
heavy textures make figures look larger
– Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize
The Principles of DesignBalance• Formal balance
– Symmetrical– Dignified– Can look boring
• Informal balance– Creates balance
asymmetrically– Elements placed
unequally in a way that achieves balance
Equality among the parts of a design or outfit
Proportion• The spatial, or size,
relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole
• Most pleasing when divided unevenly
• Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing
What parts of the jacket are out of proportion?
EmphAsis• A concentration of
interest in a particular part or area of a design.
• May be achieved with contrasts of colors or textures, structural lines, or unusual shapesIs your eye drawn to the tie?
Or perhaps to the “a” in emphasis?
RRRhhyyytthhhmm• Creates easy movement
of the observer’s eye by:• Repetition
– Repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures
• Gradation– Increase or decrease of
design elements (also called progression)
• Radiation– Created by lines or colors
emerging from a center (petals on a flower)
Harmony
• Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design
• All parts of the design look as if they belong
• Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract
Illusions Created by Design
• When selecting garments, use the elements and principles of design to accentuate positive figure traits and de-emphasize negative ones
• Fashion professionals know how to do this
Which one is most slimming?
Do You Know . . .
• How do cool and warm colors appear to change the size and shape of a person?
• How can you use the elements and principles of design to accomplish the following:– Look taller and thinner– Avoid attention to your
hips– Attract attention to
your face