Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Part 2 How to develop the 6G mobile
network that people need:Research and Standards
Dr Nigel Jefferies
Chairman, Wireless World Research ForumDirector, Montreal Consulting Ltd
Senior Wireless Consultant, Huawei Technologies
Email: [email protected]
Presentation Outline• This is Part 2 of a two-part webinar
– Mobile telephony has passed through a number of generations since its introduction in Japan in 1979 in thecontext of 1G, the first automatic analogue cellular system
– The majority of mobile phone users around the world are at 4G/5G except in some least developingcountries at 3G
– Each G has occurred in roughly 10 year intervals.
– 6G is on the horizon with standards currently under development.
• Part 1:
– A brief overview of the history of wireless radio communications and in particular the various ‘generations’over the past 40 some years
– WWRF History
– A review of how the standards for the latest generations of mobile telephony are developed today.
• Part 2:
– The ideas behind the global research efforts for 5G and 6G
– How will 6G be standardized?
– 6G is being developed to meet the United Nations 2030 Sustainability Goals
What is WWRF?
• Founded in 2001– Through WSI an EU-funded research landscaping project
• Based in Switzerland• Independent and owned by its members• Promoting visions of the wireless future
WWRF Vision
• to encourage global research that will achieve unbounded communications to address key societal challenges for the future
• The term “Wireless World” is used in a broad sense to address the support of innovation and business, social inclusion and infrastructural challenges.
• This will be achieved by creating a range of new technological capabilities from wide-area networks to short-range communications, machine-to-machine communications, sensor networks, wireless broadband access technologies and optical networking, along with increasing intelligence and virtualization in networks.
• This will support a dependable future Internet of people, knowledge and things and the development of a service universe
“G” Waves
• 2G: Mobile for Voice • 3G: Mobile for Visio-phony • 4G: Mobile for Internet• 5G: Mobile for Things • What next!
In 2026 there will be 3.5 billion 5G subscriptions
220m220 million 5G subscriptions expected end of 2020.
>100More than 100 service providers around the world have launched 5G.0
5G subscription uptake expected to be significantly faster than for LTE
40%In 2026, 5G subscriptions will account for around 40 percent of all mobile subscriptions.
Standardization timelines in 3GPP*From 5G to the foreseen 6G activities
Rel15 Rel16 Rel17 Rel18 Rel19 Rel20 Rel21
4G evo 4G evo 4G evo
5G basiceMBBBasic URLLC
5G evoV2X, NR-U, IIoT/TSN, IAB, positioning
5G evoeMBB, URLLC, mMTC features
5G evoTBD
5G evo...
5G evo5G evo
6G SI 6G WIBasic 6G
6G requirements
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
WRC
‘27
* dates beyond 2022 are current best guesses not confirmed by 3GPP
“5G Advanced”?
THE TIME JOURNEY for 5G/IMT-2020Detailed specifications for the terrestrial radio interfaces
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Recommendation: Vision of IMT beyond 2020 (M.2083)
Report: IMT feasibility above 6 GHz (M.2376)
Circular Letters & Addendum
Technical performance requirements
(M.2410)
Modifications of Resolutions 56/57
Evaluation criteria & method (M.2412)
Workshop
Proposals IMT-2020
Evaluation
Consensus building
Outcome & decision
IMT-2020 specifications
Requirements, evaluation criteria, & submission templates
(M.2411)
Report: Technology trends
(M.2320)
Background & process
WRC-15 WRC-19
5D
#32
5D
#18
5D
#19
5D
#20
5D
#21
5D
#22
5D
#23
5D
#24
5D
#25
5D
#26
5D
#27
5D
#28
5D
#29
5D
#30
5D
#31
5D
#33
5D
#34
5D
#35
5D
#36
5D
#31bis
5D
#36bis
Definition
Requirements
Evaluation of ProposalsOutcome
(three years) (two years) (one year) (two years)
Initial work started in ITU-R WP5D towards “beyond IMT-2020”
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
WRC-23 WRC-27
5D
#55
5D
#40
5D
#41
5D
#42
5D
#43
5D
#44
5D
#45
5D
#46
5D
#47
5D
#48
5D
#49
5D
#50
5D
#51
5D
#52
5D
#53
5D
#56
5D
#57
5D
#58
5D
#54
5D
#37
5D
#38
5D
#39
2021
Development of a new Recommendation on a Vision of systems beyond IMT-2020
Modifications of Resolutions
56/57 (if needed)
ITU Report FutureTechnology
trends
?
5D
#59
5D
#60
5D
#61
5D
#62
2029 2030
5D
#62
Spectrum to be identified to IMT?
Discussion: AI on IMT for WRC-27
?
Foreseen timeline on work towards “IMT-2030”
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Circular Letter (and later addenda)
Inside of ITU
Technical performance requirements
Evaluation criteria & method
Submission templates
Outside of ITU
Technology Proposals for “IMT-2030”
Background & process
WRC-23 WRC-27
5D
#55
5D
#40
5D
#41
5D
#42
5D
#43
5D
#44
5D
#45
5D
#46
5D
#47
5D
#48
5D
#49
5D
#50
5D
#51
5D
#52
5D
#53
5D
#56
5D
#57
5D
#58
5D
#54
5D
#37
5D
#38
5D
#39
2021
Development of a new Recommendation on a Vision of systems beyond IMT-2020
Modifications of Resolutions
56/57 (if needed)
ITU Report FutureTechnology
trends
?
5D
#59
5D
#60
5D
#61
5D
#62
2029 2030
5D
#62
Outside and inside of ITU
Evaluation
Consensus building
Outcome & Decision
“IMT-2030” specifications (including results from WRC-27)
Workshop?
- By end of Mar. 2021, 14.5 Mn. 5G Subscribers
- 20% of Total Mobile Subs.
- 1 Mn. Increase per months,
- Monthly 5G data consumption per user is 26.5GB , 4 times bigger than 4G LTE
- 2G cdma2000 will be shutdown soon.
5G/B5G Status inKorea
Jan 2020 Mar 2020 May 2020 Jul 2020 Sep 2020 Nov 2020 Jan 2021 Mar 2021
2G 990,837 914,453 861,285 649,024 581,302 535,461 453,372 372,311
3G 7,365,939 7,080,422 6,677,844 6,349,027 6,054,286 5,765,760 5,471,114 5,072,910
4G 55,636,477 55,280,009 55,028,653 54,949,795 54,330,477 53,252,376 51,895,599 51,181,120
5G 4,958,439 5,881,177 6,876,914 7,857,205 9,248,865 10,932,363 12,869,930 14,476,018
total 68,951,692 69,156,061 69,444,696 69,805,051 70,214,930 70,485,960 70,690,015 71,103,359
29,00028,00027,00026,00025,00024,00023,00022,00021,000
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11 20.12 21.01 21.02 21.03
Traffic per 5G subscriber (MB)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11 20.12 21.01 21.02 21.03
Total 5G Traffic (TB)
• MIC started acceptance of applications for new bands of local 5G from December 2020.
ApplicantsThe number of applicants
4.6-4.9 GHz 28.2-29.1GHz
Manufacturers 7 9
TVStations (CableTV)
9 7
Communication Carriers
5 4
Consultant 0 1University 1 2
Municipalities 3 2Total 25 25
As of December 24, 2020
5G/B5G Status in Japan: Local 5G
Applications
ApplicantsThe number of applicants
4.6-4.9 GHz 28.2-29.1GHzManufacturers 12 11
TVStations (Cable TV)
9 8
Communication Carriers 5 5
ConsultantTrading company
FinancialInstitution
2 1
University 2 3Municipalities 4 2
Total 34 30
As of April 19, 2021
5G/B5G Status in Japan: B5G PromotionConsortium
Beyond 5G Promotion Consortium was established on 18 Dec. 2020 , as Industry- Academia-Government Collaboration Platform(Will Organize Global Conference)
Beyond 5G Promotion System
Domestic and Global Societies, Univ,
Domestic and Global Organizations
Support
Beyond 5G Promotion TF(Multiple Dept. in MIC)
Collaboration, Alliance
Promotion Forum(5GMF)
ExistingBeyond 5G Promotion Consortium
·Professor, etc.• Industries• R&D organizations etc.
·Officials ·5GMF·Public Organizations, etc.
Individual Member Special memberCollaboration
General AssemblyCh: Prof. Konokami, President, Univ. of Tokyo, 8 VCs from CEOs
International CommitteeCh: Prof. Nakao, Univ. of Tokyo
Beyond 5G Promotion Information gathering, dissemination, etc.
Collaboration
Collaboration 5G Mobile
New
Planning & Strategy CommitteeCh: Prof. Morikawa, Univ. of TokyoBeyond 5G Promotion Strategy, White papers, etc.
B5G WP WGCh: Nakamura (DoCoMo)
Regular member
Beyond 5G New Business Strategy Center(IPR, Standard Strategy etc.Will be established) Co Ch.:Prof. Morikawa,Univ. of TokyoProf. Yanagawa, Univ. of Tokyo VC: Prof. Harada, Kyoto Univ.
Will be soonBeyond 5G R&D
Promotion Platform(Test bed, R&D support)
5G/B5G Status in Taiwan:Private 5G
2
5G Spectrum Auction Results21/02/2020 Taiwan 5G auction
raises TWD138 billion (4.9 Bn. US$)
Spectrum Released: 3.3-3.57 GHz, 27.5-29.5 GHz
20% Coverage by the end of 2021, mainly in 6 metropolitan areas and hot spots in other cities
- 5G Program Office under Dept. of ICT in Ministry of Economic Affairsrenamed as 6G Program Office on End of 2020
-Conducting several EU-Taiwan Joint R&D projects for 5G and B5G
Does not critically look at the ground reality of developing regions
Rural Connectivity thinking in 3GPP
Models a high-speed vehicle passing through non-urban areas, Driverless Vehicles& Critical Surgeries by Robots - Very futurisitic and away from ground reality ofrural and remote areas.
Engrossed in solving the future problem of urban connectivity and not theimmediate problem of rural Connectivity.
Rural Broadband Connectivity – Main Characteristics
Low Income – Low
Affordability
Populations in small
clusters with vast open areas in between
Difficult Terrain
High Capital Expenditure
Relatively Smaller
Population Density
Unreliable Grid Power Availability
Challenges in Connecting Rural India
Low Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) - Affordability
Unavailability of reliable high speed Backhaul
Unreliable Availability of Grid Power
Rethinking 5G Requirements for Rural
Low Cost Solutions Low Device Costs
• Simpler Hardware and RF Design reducing the device costs –make locally
Low cost Connectivity / backhaul solutions• Using wireless backhaul/ middle mile in complementation of fiber
Lower spectrum cost• Using network sharing options to share spectrum across Radio
Access• More licence-exempt spectrum (5Ghz, 6 Ghz,60 Ghz)
Limited mobility support Mobility is required but not at super high speed Fixed/ Nomadic primary broadband access is the key
Technology Trends• AI-assisted new air interfaces• Integrated sensing and communication• Spectrum-sharing technologies• Zero-energy IoT• Energy-efficient base stations• New multiple-access schemes• Advanced antenna techniques (MIMO – massive, extreme,
cell-less, AI-assisted, backhaul/access integration)• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces• Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) based on metamaterials• Intelligent RAN slicing
30
what does it take to be the next Wireless Frontier ?
Ambitious but tangible vision translated into well-defined use cases, challenges and KPIs
HW+SW, system integration, impairments,real-time processing, reliability
Channel/interference/systemmodels, network informationtheory, waveform design
32
Re-thinking wireless fundamentals
Path loss, extreme bandwidths and simplified THz channel model
Environmental and weather parameters impact
Distance-dependent bandwidth, information and communication theory metrics
Pencil-beam wireless fundamentals
33
Re-thinking wireless design
Misalignment and blockage-aware wireless access algorithms
Pencil-beam based Air Interface, Initial Access, MAC, multiple access, RRM
Caching for latency and load balancing improvements
Are we there yet?THz major challenges tackled?
• Does addressing THz particularities make THz the next wireless frontier?
• Sufficient to ‘define’ communications in 2030+?
• Is a THz communications network a qualifying system concept or just another technology enabler?
• Shall we look for help in the applications domain and/or call math and physics to the rescue?
34
Distance and frequency dependent performance
Long range connectivity
Pencil-beam based PHY, MAC, wireless access
Co-design of signals and protocols
Co-design of wireless and optical
HW impairments and constraints
Real-time processing Agility
35
what does it really take to be the next WirelessFrontier?
Re-thinking fundamentalsBeyond Shannon
Technology breakthrough integrationReconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Next Wireless Frontier
INTELLIGENCE
Novel System Concept
Beyond Shannon Communication Theory
37Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09352
By jointly optimizing the transmitter, thereceiver, and the environment, the channelcapacity of a point-to-point wirelesscommunication system can be further improved.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
38
RIS can introduce an intelligent filter offering: Power transfer / relaying Reliable NLoS (indirect link) Interference mitigation Diversity Beamforming (any filter ‘synthesized’ by the surface EM functionalities)
AI/ML could potentially ‘engineer’ the INTELLIGENCE in THz networks
39
Examples include:- Channel modeling Estimating channel parameters Profiling adverse effects of weather on channels
- Beamforming and tracking- Modeling RIS behavior, artificially intelligent metasurfaces- Network optimization Resource allocation or route finding/scheduling Placement of radio network components Optimizing with and without RIS (for indoor beamforming cases). Artificial
IntelligenceMachine
Learning
Deep Learning
Data Scienceincl. Data Prep
40
Intelligent THz Communications: the next Wireless Frontier
Re-thinking fundamentalsBeyond Shannon
Technology breakthrough integrationReconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Next Wireless Frontier
INTELLIGENCE
Novel System Concept
HAPS: High Altitude Platform Station (High Altitude Pseudo Satellite)
Article 1.66A of ITU’s Radio Regulations: “A station on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth".
Zephry (Airbus)
Stratobus (Thales)Loon (Alphabet)
• Strong interest in ITU since 1990s HAPS spectrum allocations: WRC 1997, …, WRC 2019
• High profile projects and prototypes: Loon (Google, 2001–2021) Stratobus (Thales), Zephyr
(Airbus) Sunglider (HAPSMobile | SoftBank)SPL + Cambridge Consultants (Deutsche Telekom)
• HAPS Alliance (telecom + aerospace)
HAPS: A Concept Whose Time is Coming
• Scalable; no big upfront investment; can start with 1 HAPS, no need for 1000s of LEOs • Easy to launch (just an open field)• Deploy wherever necessary
• Evolutionary; logical next level in multi-tier (V)HetNets, easy integration• Owned by MNO, same/similar eco-system• xG cellular air-interface (no need for dedicated air-interface)
• Geostationary• No tracking on the ground• No networking concerns (handoff, routing, addressing difficulties)
• Closer to earth• Low latency• Low pathloss: Direct link to UE• Outdoors and indoors• mmWave up to 100 GHz (high rates)
• Legislation-friendly; no data privacy concerns• No international agreements, regularity barriers, spectrum rights
HAPS Advantages
“UFO on a stick”Starlink user dish
State of the Art: Cambridge Consultants + SPL (Deutsche Telekom)
480 individually steerable beams
Capacity > 100 Gbps
Target: 2024
Satellite – HAPS Integration: Best of Both Worlds
• No of cities with population 1M+ (2030): ~700
• Complement 10,000 LEOswith 1,000 HAPS
• Reach out to 2B people in metro areas ($$$)
• Mature technology will also help rural & remote
Driving forces for future technology
... at an affordable cost
TrustworthinessTrusted communication and computing for
industry and society relying on critical information
Application demandsXR/VR, gaming, smart sensors,
internet-of-sense, digital twins, …
“Limitless connectivity"
Simplified lifeMassive use of data & AI across systems
Communicating intelligent machines further stretching the demands
A sustainable worldCommunication and networking as an enabler
for a sustainable society
Coming to Canada Next Year!
Also featuring a workshop in Thunder Bay on implementing health services in remote and rural regions
Thanks for your attention!
• Any further questions?– Happy to discuss now, or– Check our website at www.wwrf.ch– Contact me at [email protected]
• Thanks to all contributors, including– Dr Hyeong-Woo Lee, Dangkook U– Vino Vinodrai– Angela Alexiou, U Piraeus– Halim Yanikomeroglu, U Ottawa– Hakan Ohlson, Ericsson– And many more!