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PART 11COPYRIGHTINORIGINALWORKS

Works eligible for copyright

3. (1) Subject to thisAct, the following works, if they are original, shall be eligible forcopyright-

(a) literaryworks;

(b)musicalworks;

(c) artisticworks;

(d) audio-visualworks;

(e) soundrecordings;

(f) broadcasts;

(g) programmecarryingsignals;

(h) publishededitions.

(2) Awork,otherthanabroadcastorprogrammecarryingsignal,shallnotbeeligibleforcopyright unless it has been reduced to writing, recorded or reduced to material form.

(3) Abroadcastoraprogrammecarryingsignalshallnotbeeligibleforcopyrightuntil-

(a) inthecaseofabroadcast,ithasbeenbroadcast;

(b) inthecaseofaprogrammecarryingsignal,ithasbeentransmittedbysatellite.

Works ineligible for copyright

4 (1) Thefollowingmattersandthingsshallnotbeeligibleforcopyright- (a) ideas,procedures,systems,methodsofoperation,concepts,principles,discoveries, factsorfigures,eveniftheyareexplainedandembodiedinawork;

(b) newsofthedaythataremereitemsofpressinformation; (c) speechesofapoliticalnature; (d) speechesdeliveredinthecourseoflegalproceedings:

Provided that theauthorof any speeches referred to inparagraphs (c)or (d) shallhave theexclusiverighttomakeacollectionofthem.

(2) Thefollowingpublicdocumentsshallnotbeeligibleforcopyright-

(a) officialtextsofenactments;

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(b) officialtextsofBillspreparedforpresentationinParliament;

(c) officialrecordsofjudicialproceedingsanddecisions;

(d) notices,advertisementsandothermaterialpublishedintheGazette;

(e) officialtextsofinternationalconventions,treatiesandagreementstowhich Swaziland is a party;

(f) entriesin,anddocumentsthatformpartof,anyregisterwhichiskeptintermsofan enactment and is open to public inspection;

(g) suchotherdocumentsofapublicnatureasmaybeprescribed:

Providedthatthissubsectionshallnotbetakentolimittheprovisionsofanyotherlawwhichmay prohibit or restrict the reproducing, publishing or altering of any such public document.

Copyright by virtue of author’s nationality, domicile or residence

5. (1) Aworkthatiseligibleintermsofsection3shallqualifyforcopyrightprotectionif,atthematerialtime,thework’sauthoror,inthecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,anyoneofitsauthors,was-

(a) acitizenofSwazilandoradesignatedcountry;or

(b) domiciledorordinarilyresidentinSwazilandoradesignatedcountry;or

(c) inthecaseofabodycorporate,incorporatedunderthelawofSwazilandora designated country.

(2) Thematerialtimeinrelationto-

(a) anunpublishedliterary,musicalorartisticwork,iswhentheworkorasubstantial partoftheworkwasfirstmade;

(b) apublishedliterary,musicalorartisticwork,iswhentheworkwasfirstpublished, or if the author died before that time, immediately before this death;

(c) acableprogramme,iswhentheprogrammewasincludedinthecableprogramme service;

(d) anaudio-visualwork,asoundrecordingorabroadcast,iswhenitwasfirstmade;

(e) apublishededition,iswhentheeditionwasfirstpublished.

(3) Theauthorof-

(a) anarchitecturalworkthatiserectedinSwaziland;or

(b) anyotherartisticworkthatisincorporatedinabuildinginSwaziland;

shallbedeemed,forthepurposesofthissection,tohavebeenordinarilyresidentinSwazilandwhentheworkwasmade,nomatterwherehemayactuallyhaveresided.

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Copyright in works by State or designated international organisations

6. Aworkthatiseligibleintermsofsection3shallqualifyforcopyrightprotectionifitismade by or under the direction of the State or an international organisation designated as such byregulationsmadebytheMinister.

Ownership of copyright

7. (1) Ownershipofanycopyrightshallvestintheauthoroftheworkconcernedor,inthecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,intheco-authorsofthework.

(2) Theownershipofanycopyrightinacollectiveworkshallvestinthepersonatwhoseinstanceandunderwhosedirectiontheworkwascreatedormade.

(3)Wherealiteraryorartisticworkismade-

(a) byanauthorinthecourseofhisemploymentbytheproprietorofanewspaper, magazineorsimilarperiodicalunderacontractofserviceorapprenticeship;and

(b) forthepurposeofpublicationinanewspaper,magazineorsimilarperiodical;

Theproprietorshallbetheownerofthecopyrightintheworkinsofarasthecopyrightrelatestopublishingtheworkinanynewspaper,magazineorsimilarperiodicalortoreproducingtheworkforthepurposeofitsbeingsopublished,butinallotherrespectstheauthorshallbetheowner of the copyright.

(4)Whereapersoncommissions-

(a) thetakingofaphotograph;

(b) thepaintingordrawingofaportrait;

(c) themakingofanaudiovisualwork;

(d) themakingofasoundrecording;or

(e) themakingofagraphicwork;

andpaysoragreetopayforitinmoneyormoney’sworthandtheworkismadeinpursuanceofthatcommission,thatpersonshall,subjecttosubsection(2),betheownerofanycopyrightsubsistinginthework.

(5) Whereaworkismadein thecourseof theauthor’semploymentbyanotherpersonunder a contract of employment or apprenticeship, that other person shall be the owner of any copyrightsubsistinginthework.

(6) Ownershipofanycopyrightconferredbysection6shallinitiallyvestintheStateortheinternational organisation concerned, and not in the author.

Duration of Copyright

8. (1) Subjecttothissection,thedurationofcopyrightshallbe,inthecaseof-

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(a) anaudio-visualwork,acollectivework,aphotographoracomputerprogramme, fiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichtheworkismadeavailabletothepublic withtheconsentoftheownerofthecopyrightor,failingsuchanevent,fiftyyears fromtheendoftheyearinwhichtheworkwasmade;

(b) asoundrecording,fiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichtherecordingisfirst published;

(c) abroadcast,fiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichthebroadcastfirsttakes place;

(d) aprogrammecarryingsignal,fiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichthesignal isfirstemittedtoasatellite;

(e) apublishededition,fiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichtheeditionisfirst published;

(f) anyotherliterary,musicalorartisticwork,thelifeoftheauthorandfiftyyearsfrom the end of the year in which the author dies.

(2)ThecopyrightconferredontheStateoraninternationalorganisationbysection6shallsubsist-

(a) inthecaseofanaudio-visualwork,aphotograph,acomputerprogramme,asound recording,abroadcast,aprogramme-carryingsignalorapublishededition,forthe periodspecifiedinrespectofsuchworkinsubsection(1);

(b) inthecaseofanyotherliterary,musicalorartisticwork,forfiftyyearsfromtheend oftheyearinwhichtheworkwasfirstpublished. (3) The copyright in an anonymous or pseudonymous literarywork, other than aworkreferredtoinsubsection(2),shallsubsistforfiftyyearsfromtheendoftheyearinwhichtheworkismadeavailabletothepublicwiththeconsentoftheownerofthecopyrightorfromtheendoftheyearinwhichitisreasonabletopresumethattheauthordied,whicheverperiodistheshorter:

Providedthat,intheeventoftheidentityoftheauthorbecomingknownbeforetheexpiryofthatperiod,thetermofthecopyrightshallbecalculatedinaccordancewithsubsection(1).

(4) Inthecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,thereferencesinparagraph(f)ofsubsection(1)andsubsection(3)tothedeathofanauthorshallbetakentorefertotheauthorwhodieslast,whetherornotheisaqualifiedpersonintermsofsubsection(1)ofsectionfive.

PART IIIECONOMICRIGHTS

Acts restricted by copyright in literary and musical works

9. Subject to thisAct, copyright in a literary ormusicalwork shall vest in the owner theexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) reproducingthework;

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(b) publishingthework;

(c) importingtheworkintoSwazilandorexportingitfromSwaziland,otherwisethan forthepersonalandprivateuseofthepersonimportingorexportingit;

(d) performingtheworkinpublic;

(e) broadcastingthework;

(f) causingtheworktobetransmittedinacableprogrammeservice,unlesstheservice transmitsa lawfulbroadcast, includingthework,andisoperatedbytheoriginal broadcaster;

(h) exceptinthecaseofacomputerprogramme,makinganadaptationofthework;

(g) inthecaseofacomputerprogramme-

(i) publishinganadaptationoftheprogramme;

(ii)bywayofbusiness,directlyorindirectlysellingorlettingforhireacopyofthe programme or offering or exposing a copy of the programme for sale or hire.

Acts restricted by copyright in artistic works

10.SubjecttothisAct,copyrightinanartisticworkshallvestintheownertheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) reproducingthework;

(b) publishingthework;

(c) importingtheworkintoSwazilandorexportingitfromSwaziland,otherwisethan forthepersonalandprivateuseofthepersonimportingorexportingit;

(d) includingtheworkinanaudio-visualworkorabroadcast;

(e) causingaprogrammewhichincludestheworktobetransmittedinacable programmeservice,unlesstheservicetransmitsalawfulbroadcast,includingthe work,andisoperatedbytheoriginalbroadcaster;

(f) makinganadaptationofthework.

Acts restricted by copyright in audio visual works

11.Subject tothisAct,copyright inaudio-visualworkshallvest intheownertheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) reproducingthework,includingmakingastillphotographfromit;

(b) causingthework,insofarasitconsistsofimages,tobeseeninpublicor,insofar as it consists of sounds, to be heard in public;

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(c) importingtheworkintoSwazilandorexportingitfromSwaziland,otherwisethan forthepersonalandprivateuseofthepersonimportingorexportingit;

(d) broadcastingthework;

(e) makingtheworkavailableonapubliccomputernetwork;

(f) causingtheworktobetransmittedinacableprogrammeservice,unlesstheservice transmitsalawfultelevisionbroadcast,includingthework,andisoperatedbythe original broadcaster;

(g) directlyorindirectlysellingorlettingforhireorofferingorexposingforsaleor hire,bywayofbusiness,acopyofthework;

(h)makinganadaptationofthework.

Acts restricted by copyright in sound recordings

12.Subject tothisAct,copyright inasoundrecordingshallvest intheownertheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) making,directlyorindirectly,arecordembodyingthesoundrecording;

(b) directlyorindirectlysellingorlettingforhireorofferingorexposingforsaleor hire, by way of business, a copy of the sound recording;

(c) importing the sound recording into Swaziland or exporting it from Swaziland, otherwisethanforthepersonalandprivateuseofthepersonimportingorexporting it;

(d)makingthesoundrecordingavailableonapubliccomputernetwork;

(e) causingthesoundrecordingtobetransmittedinacableprogrammeservice,unless the service transmits a lawful broadcast, including the sound recording, and is operated by the original broadcaster;

(f) makinganadaptationofthesoundrecording.

Acts restricted by copyright in broadcasts

13.SubjecttothisAct,copyrightinabroadcastshallvestintheownertheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) reproducingthebroadcastdirectlyorindirectly,including,inthecaseofatelevision broadcast,makingastillphotographfromit;

(b) rebroadcastingthebroadcast;

(c) makingthebroadcastavailableonapubliccomputernetwork;

(d) causingthebroadcasttobetransmittedinacableprogrammeservice,unlessthe serviceisoperatedbytheoriginalbroadcaster.

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Acts restricted by copyright in programme carrying signals

14.SubjecttothisAct,copyrightinaprogramme-carryingsignalshallvestintheownertheexclusiverighttoundertakeortoauthorisethedirectorindirectdistributionofthesignalinSwaziland or from Swaziland.

Acts restricted by copyright in published editions

15.SubjecttothisAct,copyrightinapublishededitionshallvestintheownertheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorisethedoingofanyofthefollowingactsinSwaziland-

(a) reproducingthepublishededition;

(b) importing the published edition into Swaziland or exporting it fromSwaziland, otherwisethanforthepersonalandprivateuseofthepersonimportingorexporting it;

(c) makingthepublishededitionavailableonapubliccomputernetwork.

PART IVPERMITTEDACTSINRELATIONTOCOPYRIGHTWORKS

Fair dealing for purposes of research or private study

16.(1) Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbyanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudybythepersonusingthework.

(2) Reproducing awork shall not constitute fair dealing for the purposes of subsection(1)ifthepersonwhoreproducesitknowsorhasreasontobelievethatitwillresultincopiesofsubstantiallythesamematerialbeingprovidedtomorethanonepersonatsubstantiallythesame time.

Educational use of copyright material

17.(1) Subjecttothissection,thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbytheuseoftheworkbywayofillustrationinanypublication,broadcastorrecordforteachingif—

(a) theuseiscompatiblewithfairpractice;and

(b) theextentoftheuseisjustifiedbythepurpose;and

(c) sufficientacknowledgementisgiven.

(2) Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbyanythingdoneforthepurposesofanexaminationbywayofsettingquestions,communicatingthequestionstothecandidatesoransweringthequestions.

(3) Theinclusionofashortpassagefromapublishedliteraryworkinacollectionwhich-

(a) isintendedforuseineducationalestablishmentsandissodescribedinitstitleand inanyadvertisementissuedbyoronbehalfofthepublisher;and

(b) consistsmainlyofmaterialinwhichnocopyrightsubsists;

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shallnotinfringethecopyrightintheworkiftheworkitselfisnotintendedforuseinsuchestablishmentsanditsinclusionisaccompaniedbyasufficientacknowledgement:

Providedthatnotmorethantwosuchexcerptsfromcopyrightworksbythesameauthorshallbeincludedinsuchcollectionspublishedbythesamepublisherinanyperiodoffiveyears.

(4) The performance of a dramatic or musical work before an audience consisting ofteachers and pupils at an educational establishment and other persons directly connected with theestablishment’sactivitiesshallnotberegardedasapublicperformanceforthepurposesofinfringementofcopyrightiftheperformanceisgiven-

(a) byateacherorpupilinthecourseoftheestablishment’sactivities;or

(b) attheestablishmentbyanypersonforthepurposesofinstruction:

Provided that a person shall not be regarded as directly connectedwith the establishment’sactivitiesforthepurposesofthissubsectionsimplybecauseheisaparentofapupil.

(5) Theplayingor showingof an audio-visualwork, a sound recording, abroadcast ora cable programme before an audience consisting of teachers and pupils at an educational establishmentandotherpersonsdirectlyconnectedwiththeestablishment’sactivitiesshallnotberegardedasapublicperformanceoftheworkforthepurposesofinfringementofcopyrightiftheworkisplayedorshownforthepurposesofinstruction:

Provided that a person shall not be regarded as directly connectedwith the establishment’sactivitiesforthepurposesofthissubsectionsimplybecauseheisaparentofapupil.

(6) Copyright in a literary or musical work shall not be infringed by an educationalestablishmentwhich,byreprographiccopying,makescopiesofpassagesfromtheworkforthepurposesofinstruction:

Providedthat-

(i) theextentofsuchcopyingshallnotexceedsuchlimitsasmaybeprescribed;and

(ii)nosuchcopyingshallbeauthorisedbythissubsectionif,ortotheextentthat,a licenceoralicenceschemeisavailableauthorisingthecopyinginquestionandthe personmakingthecopieskneworoughttohavebeenawareofthatfact.

(7) No act shall be regarded as permitted by this section if it conflicts with a normalexploitationoftheworkconcernedorprejudicesunreasonablythelegitimateinterestsoftheownerofcopyrightinthework.

Copies made to replace or conserve library or archival copies of works

18.(1) Thecopyrightinaworkinthepermanentcollectionofalibraryorarchiveshallnotbeinfringedbyalibrarianorarchivistwhomakesacopyofthework-

(a) inordertopreserveorreplacetheworkbyplacingthecopyinthepermanent collection in addition to or in place of it; or

(b) inordertoreplaceinthepermanentcollectionofanotherlibraryorarchiveanitem whichhasbeenlost,destroyedordamaged:

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Providedthatthissubsectionshallnotapply-

(a) whereitisreasonablypracticabletopurchaseacopyoftheworkinquestionrather than reproducing it; or

(b) insuchothercircumstancesasmaybeprescribed.

(2) Thecopyrightinanunpublishedworkinthepermanentcollectionofalibraryorarchiveshallnotbeinfringedbyalibrarianorarchivistwhomakesandsuppliesacopyofthework,if-

(a) the copy is supplied to a personwho satisfies the librarian or archivist that he requiresitforpurposesofresearchorprivatestudyandwillnotuseitforanyother purpose; and

(b) nopersonissuppliedwithmorethanonecopyofthework;and

(c) theownerofthecopyrightintheworkhasnotexpresslyprohibitedcopyingofthe work.

Use of anonymous or pseudonymous works

19.Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbythedoingofanythingatatimewhen,orpursuanttoarrangementsmadeatatimewhen-

(a) itisnotpossiblebyreasonableinquirytoascertaintheidentityoftheauthoror,in thecaseofaworkofjointauthorship,anyoftheauthors;and

(b) itisreasonabletoassume-

(i) thatthecopyrighthasexpired;or

(ii) thattheauthordiedfiftyyearsormorebeforethebeginningofthecalendaryear in which the act is done or arrangements are made, as the case may be.

Use of work for Parliamentary or judicial proceedings or inquiries

20.(1) Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbyreproducingorusingtheworkforthepurposesof-

(a) anyParliamentaryorjudicialproceedingsorforthepurposesofreportinganysuch proceedings; or

(b) anyinquiryconductedintermsofanyenactment,orforthepurposesofreporting theproceedingsofanysuchinquiry.

(2) Theissuingtothepublicof thereportofanyinquiryreferredtoinparagraph(b)ofsubsection(1)shallnotinfringethecopyrightofanyworkthatisreproducedinthereport.

Fair dealing for purposes of criticism, review or news reporting

21.(1) Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbyanyfairdealing-

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(a) forthepurposesofcriticismorreviewofthatworkorofanotherworkorofthe performanceofawork;or

(b) subjecttosubsection(2),forthepurposesofreportingcurrentevents:

Providedthat-

(i) sufficientacknowledgementoftheworkshallbegiven,exceptwheretheworkis usedforthereportingofcurrenteventsbymeansofanaudio-visualwork,a sound recording, a broadcast or a programme carrying signal;

(ii) theuseofaphotographforthepurposesofreportingcurrenteventsshallnot constitute fair dealing.

(2) Paragraph(b)ofsubsection(1)shallnotapplysoastoauthorisethepublicationofanypartofanaudiovisualwork,arecordoraprogramme-carryingsignalrepresentingasportingevent.

Publication of public speeches and articles of topical interest

22.(1) Thecopyrightinalecture,address,speechorothersimilarworkwhichisdeliveredinpublicshallnotbeinfringedbytheworkbeingreproducedinthepressorinabroadcastorcableprogramme,ifthereproductionisforthepurposeofinformation:

Providedthattheauthorofanysuchlectures,addresses,speechesorotherworksshallhavetheexclusiverightofmakingacollectionofthem.

(2) Thecopyrightinanarticlepublishedinanewspaperorperiodical,orinabroadcast,onanycurrenteconomic,politicalorreligioustopicshallnotbeinfringedbytheworkbeingreproduced in the press or in a broadcast or cable programme, if the right of such reproduction hasnotbeenexpresslyreservedandsufficientacknowledgementisgiven.

(3) No act shall be regarded as permitted by this section if it conflicts with a normalexploitationoftheworkconcernedorprejudicesunreasonablythelegitimateinterestsoftheownerofthecopyrightinthework.

Quotations from copyright works

23.Thecopyrightinaliteraryormusicalworkshallnotbeinfringedbyanyquotationfromthework,includinganyquotationfromanarticleinajournalthatsummarizesthework,if—

(a) thequotationiscompatiblewithfairpractice;and

(b) theextentofthequotationdoesnotexceedtheextentjustifiedbythepurpose;and

(c) sufficientacknowledgementisgiven.

Public readings and recitations

24.Thecopyrightinapublishedliteraryworkshallnotbeinfringedby-

(a) thereadingorrecitationinpublicbyonepersonofareasonableextractfromthe work,ifitisaccompaniedbyasufficientacknowledgement;or

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(b) thebroadcastingorinclusioninacableprogrammeserviceofareadingorrecitation referred to inparagraph(a), if thebroadcastorprogramme,as thecasemaybe, consists mainly of material in relation to which it is not necessary to rely on this section.

Reconstruction of architectural works

25.Thecopyrightinanarchitecturalworkorintherelevantarchitecturaldrawingsshallnotbeinfringedbythereconstructionofthatworkonthesamesiteandinthesamestyleastheoriginal.

Ephemeral recordings

26.The copyright in a literary or musical work shall not be infringed by a broadcasterreproducingtheworkusinghisownfacilities,wheretheresultantcopy-

(a) isintendedexclusivelyforbroadcastingwiththeconsentoftheownerofthe copyrightinthework;and

(b) isdestroyedwithinsixmonthsimmediatelyfollowingthemakingofthecopy,or within such longer period as may be agreed with the owner of the copyright in the work:

Providedthat,ifanysuchcopyisofanexceptionaldocumentarynature,itmaybepreservedinthebroadcaster’sarchivesbut,subjecttothisAct,maynotbeusedforbroadcastingoranyotherpurpose without the consent of the owner of the copyright.

Reproducing artistic work for purpose of advertising its sale

27.Thecopyrightinanartisticworkshallnotbeinfringedbycopieswhicharemadeandissuedtothepublicforthepurposeofadvertisingthesaleofthework:

Providedthatifsuchacopyissubsequentlysold,letforhire,exhibitedinpublic,distributedor otherwise dealt with for any other purpose it shall be treated as an infringing copy for the purposesofthatdealingand,ifthatdealinginfringescopyright,forallsubsequentpurposes.

Use of work for demonstration purposes

28.Thecopyrightinaliteraryormusicalworkshallnotbeinfringedbytheuseoftheworkinabonafidedemonstrationofaradioortelevisionreceiverorcomputeroranytypeofrecordingequipmentorplaybackequipmenttoaclientbyadealerinsuchequipment.

Computer programs.

29.(1) Subjecttothissection,apersonwhoisinlawfulpossessionofacomputerprogram,ora copy of such a program, may do any of the following things without infringing copyright in the program.

(a) makecopiesoftheprogramtotheextentreasonablynecessary-

(i) forback-uppurposes;or

(ii) tocorrecterrorsinit;or

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(iii)forthepurposesofdecompilationintermsofparagraph(b);or

(iv)forthepurposeoftestingtheprogramtodetermineitssuitabilityforthe person’s use; or

(v) foranyotherpurposethatisnotprohibitedunderanylicenceoragreement whereby the person is permitted to use the program;

(b) decompiletheprogram,thatistosay,converttheprogramintoaversionexpressed in a different programming language, code or notation, for the purpose of obtaining information needed to enable the program to operate with other programs;

(c) lettheprogramonhiretogetherwithacomputerorotherdevice,wheretheprogram itselfisnottheessentialobjectofthelease.

(2) Anycopymadeintermsofparagraph(a)ofsubsection(1)shall-

(a) beusedonlyforthepurposeforwhichitwasmade;and

(b) bedestroyedwhentheperson’spossessionofthecomputerprograminquestion,or of the copy of the program, ceases to be lawful.

Recording of programmes and broadcasts for purposes of subsequent viewing or listening

30.(1) Thecopyrightin-

(a) abroadcastorcableprogramme;or

(b) anyworkcontainedinabroadcastorcableprogramme;

shall not be infringed by the broadcast or programme being recorded for the sole purpose of enablingittobeviewedorlistenedtoatamoreconvenienttime.

(2) Anyrecordingmadeintermsofsubsection(1)shallbeusedonlyforthepurposeforwhichitwasmadeand,inparticular,shallnot-

(a) bedistributed,whetherbywayofbusinessorotherwise,toanypersonoutsidethe family of the person who made it; or

(b) beperformedinpublic.

Private recording of musical works and sound broadcasts

31.(1) Subjecttothissection,thecopyrightin-

(a) asoundrecordingoramusicalworkembodiedinasoundrecording;or

(b) asoundbroadcastoranyworkembodiedinsuchabroadcast;

shallnotbeinfringedbythesoundrecording,musicalworkorbroadcastbeingrecordedbyapersonfortheprivateuseofhimselfandmembersofhisfamily.

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(2) Anyrecordingmadeintermsofsubsection(1)shallbeusedonlyforthepurposeforwhichitwasmadeand,inparticular,shallnot-

(a) bedistributed,whetherbywayofbusinessorotherwise,toanypersonoutsidethe family of the person who made it; or

(b) beperformedinpublic.

Acts done under statutory authority

32.Thecopyrightinaworkshallnotbeinfringedbythedoingofanythingthatisspecificallyauthorised by any enactment.

Prescribed dealings in copyright works

33. In addition to any other reproduction permitted in terms of this Act, the reproduction of awork shall be permitted in suchmanner and circumstances asmay be prescribed by theMinister:

Providedthat-

(i) suchprescriptionshallnotpermitanysuchreproductiontobeinconflictwith anormalexploitationoftheworkorunreasonablytoprejudicethelegitimate interests of the owner of the copyright;

(ii) inmaking any regulations referred to in proviso (i), theMinister shall have regardtotheobligationsofSwazilandunderanyinternationalconvention,treatyor agreement.

PART VTRANSMISSIONANDASSIGNMENTOFCOPYRIGHT

ANDGRANTOFLICENCES

Ways in which copyright may be transmitted

34.Subject to thisAct, copyright may be transmitted as incorporeal movable property byassignment, testamentary disposition or operation of law.

Assignment of copyright

35.(1) Subjecttothissection,anownerofcopyrightinaworkmayassignhiseconomicrightsintheworktoanyotherperson.

(2) Anassignmentintermsofsubsection(1)maybelimitedsoastoapply-

(a) tosomeonlyoftheassignor’seconomicrights;or

(b) toapartonlyofthetermofthecopyright;or

(c) toaspecifiedcountryorothergeographicalarea;

andmaybeabsoluteorsubjecttoconditions.

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(3) Noassignmentintermsofsubsection(1)shallhaveeffectunlessitisinwritingandsigned by or on behalf of the assignor.

(4) Anassignmentintermsofsubsection(1)shallnotbeconstruedasextendingtoanyrights that are not expressly referred to in the assignment.

(5) Anassignmentintermsofsubsection(1)mayberegisteredwiththeCopyrightOfficeintermsofPartX.

Testamentary disposition of copyright

36.(1) Atestamentarydispositionoftheeconomicrightsvestedinanownerofcopyrightmaybelimitedsoastoapply-

(a) tosomeonlyofthetestator’seconomicrights;or

(b) toapartonlyofthetermofthecopyright;or

(c) toaspecifiedcountryorothergeographicalarea;

andmaybeabsoluteorsubjecttoconditions.

(2) Where under a testamentary disposition a person becomes entitled to an originaldocumentorothermaterial thing recordingor embodyingaworkwhichwasnotpublishedbefore the testator’s death, the disposition shall be construed, in the absence of a stipulation to thecontrary,asincludinganycopyrightintheworkwhichwasvestedinthedeceasedatthetime of his death.

Vesting of copyright by operation of law

37.Upontheliquidation,insolvencyordeathofanownerofanycopyright,thecopyrightshallvestintheowner’sliquidatororthetrusteeorexecutoroftheowner’sestate,asthecasemaybe.

Licences

38.(1) Subject to this section, an owner of copyright in aworkmay, by licence, authoriseanotherpersontoexerciseanyofhiseconomicrightsinthework.

(2) Alicencereferredtoinsubsection(1)maybe-

(a) anexclusivelicence,thatistosayalicenceauthorisingthelicenseetotheexclusion of all other persons, including the person granting the licence, to exercise the economicrightthatisthesubjectofthelicence;or

(b) anon-exclusivelicence,thatistosay,alicencethatdoesnotprecludetheperson granting the licence from granting a similar licence to some other person.

(3) Anexclusivelicenceshallnothaveeffectunlessitisinwritingandsignedbyoronbehalf of the person granting the licence.

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(4) Anon-exclusivelicencemaybewrittenororalorinferredfromconductand,unlessotherwiseprovidedinthelicenceorinanycontractbywhichthelicencewasgranted,mayberevokedatanytime.

(5) Alicence,whetherexclusiveornon-exclusive,mayberegistered.

(6) Alicencegrantedbytheownerofthecopyrighttowhichthelicencerelatesshallbebinding upon the owner’s successors in title.

(7) Unlessotherwiseprovided in the licenceconcernedor inanycontractbywhich thelicence was granted, a licensee may grant a sub-licence authorising another person to doanything which the licensee is permitted to do by the licence, and this section shall apply, mutatismutandis,inrespectofanysuchsub-licenceasifitwerealicence.

Transmission of future copyright

39.(1) Anassignment,testamentarydispositionorlicencemaybemadeorgrantedinrespectofthecopyrightinafuturework,orthecopyrightinanexistingworkinwhichcopyrightdoesnotsubsistbutwillcomeintobeinginthefuture,andthefuturecopyrightinanysuchworkshallbetransmissibleasincorporealmovableproperty.

(2) If,whenanyfuturecopyrightreferredtoinsubsection(1)comesintoexistenceandthepersonwho,ifhewereliving,wouldbeentitledtothecopyrightisdead,thecopyrightshalldevolveasifithadsubsistedimmediatelybeforehisdeathandhehadthenbeentheownerofthe copyright.

(3) TheprovisionsofthisActrelatingtothetransmissionofcopyrightshallapply,mutatismutandis,tothetransmissionoffuturecopyrightreferredtoinsubsection(1).

PART VIINFRINGEMENTANDREMEDIESFORINFRINGEMENT

Infringement

40.(1) Copyrightisinfringedbyanypersonwhoisnottheownerofthecopyrightandwho,without the owner’s authority, does or causes any other person to do an act in Swaziland which theownerhastheexclusiverighttodoortoauthorise.

(2)Withoutderogationfromsubsection(1), thecopyright inaworkis infringedbyanyperson who, without the authority of the owner of the copyright, does any of the following thingsinSwaziland-

(a) inrelationtoanarticlewhichisaninfringingcopyandwhichthepersonknowsor hasreasontobelieveisaninfringingcopy-

(i) makesit;or

(ii) otherwisethanforhispersonalandprivateuse,importsitintoSwazilandor exports it from Swaziland; or

(iii)inthecourseofbusiness,possessesitorexhibitsitinpublicordistributesit; or

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(iv)sellsitorletsitforhireoroffersorexposesitforsaleorhire;or

(v) otherwisethaninthecourseofbusiness,distributesittosuchanextentthatthe ownerofthecopyrightisprejudiciallyaffected;

(b) inrelationtoanarticlewhichisspecificallydesignedoradaptedformakingcopies oftheworkandwhichthepersonknowsorhasreasontobelieveislikelytobeused forthatpurpose-

(i) makesit;or

(ii) importsitintoSwazilandorexportsitfromSwaziland;or

(iii)possessesitinthecourseofbusiness;or

(iv)sellsitorletsitforhireoroffersorexposesitforsaleorhire.

(3)Without derogation from subsection (1), the copyright in a work is infringed by apersonwho,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofthecopyright,transmitstheworkbymeansofapubliccomputernetworkortelecommunicationservice,otherwisethanbybroadcastingorinclusioninacableprogrammeservice,ifthepersonknowsorhasreasontobelievethatinfringingcopiesoftheworkarelikelytobemadebymeansofthereceptionofthetransmission,whether in Swaziland or elsewhere.

(4) Thecopyrightinaliteraryormusicalworkisinfringedbyanypersonwhopermitsaplaceofpublicentertainmenttobeusedforaperformanceoftheworkinpublic,wheretheperformanceconstitutesaninfringementofthecopyrightinthework:

Provided that this subsection shall not applywhere that personwas not aware and had noreasonable grounds for suspecting that the performance would be an infringement of the copyright.

(5)Wherethecopyrightinaworkisinfringedbyapublicperformanceofthework,orbytheplayingorshowingoftheworkinpublic,throughanapparatusfor-

(a) playingsoundrecordings;or

(b) showingaudio-visualworks;or

(c) receivingvisualimagesorsoundsorotherinformationconveyedbyelectronic means;

the following persons shall be liable for the infringement, in addition to the person directly responsibleforcontrollingandusingtheapparatus-

(i) apersonwhosuppliedtheapparatusoranysubstantialpartofit,ifwhenhe suppliedithekneworhadreasontobelievethattheapparatuswaslikelytobe used so as to infringe copyright; and

(ii) anoccupierofpremiseswhogavepermissionfortheapparatustobebrought on to thepremises if,whenhegavepermission,hekneworhad reason to believethattheapparatuswaslikelytobeusedsoastoinfringecopyright;and

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(iii)apersonwhosuppliedacopyofthesoundrecordingoraudio-visualworkif, whenhesuppliedit,hekneworhadreasontobelievethatwhathesupplied, oracopymadedirectlyorindirectlyfromit,waslikelytobeusedsoasto infringe copyright.

Owner of copyright entitled to remedies for infringement

41.(1) SubjecttothisAct,aninfringementofcopyrightshallbeactionableatthesuitoftheowner of the copyright.

(2) Subject to thisAct, in anyproceedings for an infringement of copyright there shallbeavailable to theplaintiffall suchremediesbywayofdamages, interdict,attachment, therenderingofaccount,thedeliveryofinfringingcopiesorarticlesusedorintendedtobeusedformakinginfringingcopiesorotherwise,asareavailableinrespectoftheinfringementofanyother proprietary right.

Rights and remedies of exclusive licensee

42.An exclusive licensee shall have the same rights of action and be entitled to the sameremedies as if the licence were an assignment, and those rights and remedies shall be concurrent with the rights and remedies of the owner of the copyright under which the licence was granted.

Cases where interdict not available

43. In proceedings for infringement of copyright in respect of the construction of a building, no interdictorotherordershallbemade-

(a) aftertheconstructionofthebuildinghasbeenbegunsoastopreventitfrombeing completed; or

(b) soastorequirethebuilding,insofarasithasbeenconstructed,tobedemolished.

Anton Piller orders

44.(1) If apersonwhohas institutedor intends institutingproceedings for infringementofcopyrightsatisfiesthecourtthat,primafacie-

(a) hehasacauseofactionagainstanotherpersonwhichheintendstopursue;and

(b) theotherpersonhasinhispossessiondocuments,infringingcopiesorotherthings ofwhatsoevernaturewhichconstituteevidenceofgreatimportanceinsubstantiation of that cause of action; and

(c) thereisarealandwell-foundedapprehensionthatthedocuments,infringingcopies orotherthingsmaybehidden,destroyedorrenderedinaccessiblebeforediscovery can be made in the usual way;

thecourtmaymakesuchorderasitconsidersnecessaryorappropriatetosecurethepreservationofthedocuments,copiesorthingsasevidence.

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(2) Anorderintermsofsubsection(1)maybegrantedwithoutnoticetothepersonwhoisallegedly in possession of the documents, infringing copies or other things to which the order relates, and the court may sit in camera for the purpose of hearing an application for such an order:

ProvidedthattheCourtshallnotgrantanorderwithoutsuchnoticeunlessitissatisfiedthatthere is a real possibility that the documents, copies or things will be hidden, destroyed or renderedinaccessibleifnoticeisgiven.

(3) Anorderintermsofsubsection(1)maybegrantedonsuchconditions,includingthegivingofsecuritybytheapplicant,asthecourtmayfix.

(4) Thissectionshallnotbetakentolimitanypoweracourtmayhaveunderitsordinaryjurisdictiontograntorderssuchasarereferredtointhissection.

Offences and penalties in respect of infringement

45.(1) Apersonshallbeguiltyofanoffenceif,atatimewhencopyrightsubsistsinawork,he does any of the following things in Swaziland, without the authority of the owner of the copyrightinthework-

(a) inrelationtoanarticlewhichisaninfringingcopyandwhichthepersonknowsor hasreasontobelieveisaninfringingcopy-

(i) hemakesit;or

(ii) otherwisethanforhispersonalandprivateuse,heimportsitintoSwazilandor exports it from Swaziland; or

(iii)inthecourseofbusiness,hepossessesitorexhibitsitinpublicordistributes it; or

(iv)hesellsitorletsitforhireoroffersorexposesitforsaleorhire;or

(v) otherwisethaninthecourseofbusiness,hedistributesittosuchanextentthat theownerofthecopyrightisprejudiciallyaffected;

(b) inrelationtoanarticlewhichisspecificallydesignedoradaptedformakingcopies oftheworkandwhichthepersonknowsorhasreasontobelieveistobeusedfor thatpurpose-

(i) hemakesit;or

(ii) heimportsitintoSwazilandorexportsitfromSwaziland;or

(iii)hepossessesitinthecourseofbusiness;or

(iv)hesellsitorletsitforhireoroffersorexposesitforsaleorhire.

(2) Anypersonwhocausesaliteraryormusicalworktobeperformedinpublicknowingthatcopyrightsubsistsintheworkandthattheperformanceconstitutesaninfringementofthecopyright, shall be guilty of an offence.

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(3) Any person who causes a broadcast to be re-broadcast or transmitted in a cableprogrammeservice,knowingthatcopyrightsubsistsinthebroadcastandthatthere-broadcastor transmission constitutes an infringement of the copyright, shall be guilty of an offence.

(4) Any person who causes a programme-carrying signal to be distributed without theauthorityof theownerof thecopyright in thesignal,knowingthatcopyrightsubsists in thesignalandthatthere-broadcastconstitutesaninfringementofthecopyright,shallbeguiltyofan offence.

(5) ApersonguiltyofanoffenceunderthissectionshallbeliabletoafinenotexceedingtwentythousandEmalangeni(E20000)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingthree(3)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonmentinrespectofeacharticletowhichtheoffencerelates.

Restriction on importation or exportation of infringing copies

46.(1) Iftheownerofthecopyrightinanywork,bywrittennoticetotheCommissionerofCustoms-

(a) informshimthatheistheownerofthecopyrightinthework;and

(b) satisfieshimthattherearereasonablegroundsforsuspectingthatcopiesofthe workwhich-

(i) areinfringingcopies;or

(ii) wouldbeinfringingcopiesiftheyhadbeenmadeinSwaziland;

(iii)havebeenormaybeimportedintoorexportedfromSwaziland;and

(c) requestshimtotreatthecopiesreferredtoinparagraph(b)asprohibitedgoods;and

(d) describesthecopiesconcernedwithsufficientparticularitytomakethemreadily identifiable;

TheCommissioner ofCustoms shall forthwith complywith the request and ensure that nosuch copy is imported into or exported from Swaziland, and that any such copy that has been importedbutnotyetenteredisnotreleasedtotheimporter:

ProvidedthattheCommissionerneednotcomplywithsucharequestuntiltheownerofthecopyright furnishes him with security in such form and for such amount as the Commissioner mayrequiretosecurethefulfillmentofanyliabilityandthepaymentofanyexpensewhichhemayincurasaresultofthedetentionofanycopyoftheworktowhichtherequestrelatesorasa result of anything done in relation to a copy so detained.

(2)Where a request has beenmade under subsection (1) and has not beenwithdrawn,the importation into or exportation from Swaziland of any copy of thework towhich therequestrelatesshallbeprohibitedforaperiodoftenworkingdaysfromthedateonwhichtheCommissionerofCustomscomplieswiththerequest:

Providedthat-

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(i) ifwithinthatperiodtheownerofthecopyrightconcernedhasinstitutedproceedings foranorderintermsofsubsection(3),orproceedingsforanyotherorderleading to a decision on the merits of the matter, the importation or exportation of the copies concerned shall continue to be prohibited until the determination of those proceedings or until the court orders otherwise;

(ii) thissubsectionshallnotapplytotheimportationorexportationofasinglecopy oftheworkbyapersonforhispersonalandprivateuse.

(3) Iftheownerofthecopyrightinanyworksatisfiesthecourtthat-

(a) heistheownerofthecopyrightinthework;and

(b) there are reasonablegrounds for believing that infringing copiesof theworkor copiesoftheworkwhich,iftheyhadbeenmadeinSwaziland,wouldbeinfringing copies are being or may be imported into or exported from Swaziland;

thecourtmayissueanorderdirectingtheCommissionerofCustomstopreventtheimportationorexportation,asthecasemaybe,ofeverysuchcopyofthework.

(4) Anorderundersubsection(3)-

(a) shalldescribethecopiesoftheworkconcernedwithsufficientparticularitytomake themreadilyidentifiable;and

(b)maybegrantedsubjecttoconditions,includingthegivingofsecuritybythe applicant and the inspection of the copies concerned.

(5) TheCommissioner ofCustoms shall take all necessary steps to inform an importeror exporter or intended importer or exporter of goods whose importation or exportation is prohibitedbyvirtueofthissectionofthereasonsfortheprohibition.

(6)Whileanygoodsaredetainedpursuanttoarequestoranorderunderthissection-

(a) thepersonatwhoseinstancetherequestororderwasmade;and

(b) theimporterofthegoods;

shallbegivenanadequateopportunitytoinspectthegoodsinordertodeterminewhetherornot they are infringing copies.

PART VIIMORALRIGHTS

Right to be identified as author or director

47.(1) SubjecttothisPart,theauthorofaliterary,artisticormusicalworkshall,havetherighttobeidentifiedasthework’sauthorforsolongascopyrightsubsistsinthework,whenever-

(a) theworkispublishedcommercially,performedinpublic,broadcastorincludedin acableprogrammeservice;or

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(b) copiesofanaudio-visualworkorasoundrecordingincludingtheliteraryworkare issued to the public.

Right not to be identified as author or director

48.(1) Theauthorofaliterary,artisticormusicalworkhastheright,forsolongascopyrightsubsistsinthework,notbeidentifiedasitsauthor-

(a) onanycopiesthatareissuedtothepublic;or

(b) inthecaseofabuilding,byanymeansvisibletopersonsenteringorapproaching the building.

(2) Thedirectorofanaudio-visualworkhastheright,forsolongascopyrightsubsistsinthework,nottobeidentifiedwhenevertheworkisshowninpublic,broadcastorincludedinacableprogrammeservice,orwhenevercopiesoftheworkareissuedtothepublic.

Right to object to derogatory treatment of work

49.(1) Inthissection-

“derogatorytreatment”,inrelationtoawork,meansanyalteration,modificationoradaptationofaworkwhichamountstodistortionormutilationoftheworkorisotherwiseprejudicialtothe honour or reputation of its author or director.

(2) SubjecttothisPart,theauthorofaliterary,musicalorartisticwork,andthedirectorofanaudio-visualwork,hastheright,forsolongascopyrightsubsistsinthework,nottohaveaderogatory treatment of hisworkpublished commercially, performedor shown inpublic,broadcastorincludedinacableprogrammeservice.

(3) Therightconferredbysubsection(2)shallnotapplyinrelationto-

(a) anarchitecturalworkintheformofabuilding:

Providedthat,wheretheauthorofsuchaworkisidentifiedonthebuildinganditissubjectedtoderogatorytreatment,heshallhavetherighttohavetheidentificationremoved;or

(b) anaudio-visualwork,acomputerprogramoranycomputer-generatedwork,where the alteration,modification or adaptation of the work is necessary on technical grounds or for the purpose of its commercial exploitation; or

(c) publicationin-

(i) anewspaper,magazineorsimilarperiodical;or

(ii)anencyclopaedia,dictionary,yearbookorothercollectiveworkofreference;

of a literary, dramatic or artisticworkmade for the purposes of such publication ormadeavailablewiththeconsentoftheauthorforthepurposesofsuchpublication;or

(d) anythingtowhichtheauthorordirectorconcernedhasconsentedorinregardto whichhehaswaivedhisright;or

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(f) anythingdoneforthepurposeofavoidingthecommissionofanoffenceor complyingwithadutyimposedbyorunderanenactment:

Providedthat,wheresuchathingisdone,aclearandreasonablyprominentindicationshallbegiventhattheworkhasbeensubjectedtotreatmenttowhichtheauthorordirectorhasnotconsented.

Right to privacy with regard to certain photographs and audio-visual works

50.(1) Subject to this Part, a personwho, for private and domestic purposes commissionsthetakingofaphotographorthemakingofanaudio-visualworkhastheright,forsolongascopyrightsubsistsinthework,nottohave-

(a) copiesoftheworkissuedtothepublic;or

(b) theworkexhibitedorshowninpublic;or

(c) theworkbroadcastorincludedinacableprogrammeservice.

(2) Therightconferredbysubsection(1)shallnotapplyinrelationtoanythingtowhichthepersonconcernedhasconsentedorinregardtowhichhehaswaivedhisright.

Transmission of moral rights

51.Moral rights shall not be transmissible during the lifetime of the person inwhom theyvestintermsofsection34asthecasemaybe,buttheymaybetransmittedbytestamentarydisposition or by operation of law on that person’s death.

Enforcement of moral rights

52.Moral rightsmay be enforced under thisAct in all respects as if the persons inwhomtheyvestwereownersofcopyrightandinfringementsoftherightswereinfringementsofthatcopyright.

PART VIIINEIGHBOURINGRIGHTS

Acts requiring authorisation of performers

53.(1)Without the authorisation of a performer, no person shall do any of the followingacts-

(a) makearecordingofaperformance;or

(b) broadcastaperformanceliveorincludeitliveinacableprogrammeservice;or

(c) bymeansofanillicitrecording,broadcastaperformanceorincludesitinacable programmeservice;or

(d) importanillicitrecordingofaperformanceintoSwazilandorexportsitfrom Swaziland,otherthanforhispersonalandprivateuse;or

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(e) in the course of a business, sells or lets for hire, offers or exposes for sale or distributes an illicit recording of a performance.

(2)Intheabsenceofanyagreementtothecontraryorofcircumstancesofemploymentfromwhichthecontrarywouldordinarilybeinferred-

(a) theauthorisationtobroadcastordistributebycableshallnotimplyanauthorisation-

(i) tolicenseotherorganisationstobroadcastordistributetheperformanceby cable; or

(ii) tofixtheperformance;or

(iii)toreproducethefixation;and

(b) the authorisation to fix the performance and to reproduce the fixation shall not imply an authorisation to broadcast or distribute the performance by cable from the fixationoranyreproductionofsuchfixation. (3)Wheretheperformershaveauthorisedthefixationoftheirperformancebyabroadcasterorbybroadcastordistributionbycable,theperformanceshallbedeemedtohavebeenusedcommercially.

(4) Nothinginthissectionshallbeconstruedsoastodepriveperformersoftherighttoconcludecontractscontainingmorefavourabletermsandconditionsinrespectoftheuseoftheir performances.

(5) Therightsunderthissectionshallsubsistfortwenty(20)yearscomputedfromtheendoftheyearinwhich-

(a) inthecaseofaperformance,theperformancetookplace;or

(b) inthecaseofabroadcast,thebroadcasttookplace;or

(c) inthecaseofsoundrecordings,thefixationwasmade.

Granting of authorisation by performers

54.(1) Abindingauthorisationundersection53maybegivenbyaperformerorbyadulyappointedrepresentativetowhomhehasgranted,inwriting,therighttogivesuchauthorisation.

(2) Any authorisation given by a performer claiming that he has retained the relevantrights or by a person claiming to be the duly appointed representative of a performer shallbeconsideredvalid,unlesstherecipientkneworhadgoodreasontobelievethattheclaimorappointment,asthecasemaybe,wasnotavalidone.

Acts requiring authorisation of producers of sound recordings

55.Withouttheauthorisationoftheproducerofasoundrecording,nopersonshalldoanyofthefollowingacts-

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(a) directlyorindirectlyreproducethesoundrecording,inanymannerorform;

(b) importcopiesofthesoundrecordingfordistributiontomembersofthepublic;

(c) distributetothepubliccopiesofthesoundrecording;or

(d) communicatethesoundrecordingtothepublicbyperformanceorothermeans.

(e)makeavailablethesoundrecording,bywireorwirelessmeans,insuchawaythat membersofthepublicmayaccessitfromtheplaceoratatimeindividuallychosen by them.

(2) Forthepurposesofthissection,acopyofasoundrecordingshallbeunlawfulifwith,orwithoutimitatingtheoutwardcharacteristicsoftheoriginalworkitincorporatesallorpartof the producers’ sound recording without his authorisation.

(3)Whereasoundrecordingispublishedforcommercialpurposesorareproductionthereofis used for broadcasting or for any other form of communication to the public, the user shall, in respect of the use thereof, pay to the producer of the sound recording such remuneration as it is equitabletotheproducerandperformers.

(4) Theprotectionreferredtoinsubsection(1)shallsubsistfortwentyyears(20)computedfromtheendoftheyearinwhichthesoundrecordingwaspublishedforthefirsttimeor,failingsuchpublication,within twenty(20)yearsfromthedateonwhichthefixationof thesoundrecording was made.

Obligations of producers of sound recordings

56.(1) Theproducerofasoundrecordingshallstateonthe labelof therecordingoronitscontainer-

(a) thenamesoftheauthorandthoseofthemainperformer;

(b) thetitleofthewords;

(c) thename,whetherindividualorcorporateordistinguishingmarkoftheproducer; and

(d) thattherightsaccruingtotheproducerintermsofthisActarereserved.

(2) Forthepurposesofsubsection(1)(a)choirs,orchestraandcomposersshallbereferredto by their proper names and by the name of their leader, if any.

Equitable remuneration for use of sound recordings

57.(1)Whereasoundrecordingthatwaspublishedforcommercialpurposes,orareproductionof such sound recording, is used directly for broadcasting, distribution by cable or for other communicationtothepublic,theusershallpaytheproducerasingleequitableremunerationfor such use.

(2) Unlessotherwiseagreedbetweentheperformersandtheproducer,halfoftheamountreceivedfromtheproducerundersubsection(1)shallbepaidtotheperformers.

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(3) Theamountreceivedfromtheproducerundersubsection(2)shallbedividedamongstthe performers as agreed among them.

(4) Therighttoanequitableremunerationunderthissectionshallsubsistfortwenty(20)years computed from the end of the year in which the sound recording was published for the firsttime,or,failingthat,fromthedateonwhichthesoundrecordingwasinitiallymade.

(5) Thissectionshallnotapplywhereabroadcastismadefornon-profitmakingpurposesor where communication to the public in public places is not for commercial gain.

Notice of protection of a sound recording

58.(1)Where copies of a sound record aremade for commercial purposes, there shall beprintedonthecopies,anoticeconsistingof-

(a) thesymbol(P);and

(b) thedateofthefirstpublicationofthesoundrecording,placedinsuchmannerasto givereasonablenoticeofclaimofprotectionoftherightsoftheproducer.

(2)Wherethecopiesortheircontainersdonotidentifytheproducerbycarryinghisname,trademarkorotherappropriatedesignation,thenoticeshallalsoincludethenameoftheownerof the copyright in the recording.

(3)Wherethenoticespecifiedinsubsection(1)isprintedonasoundrecordingoronthecontainerthereof,suchnoticeshallbe“primafacie”evidenceofthefactsstatedthereonforthe purpose of any proceedings brought in terms of this Act with respect to the rights of the producer. (4) NoncompliancewiththeprovisionsofthissectionshallnotaffectthelegalprotectionprovidedunderthisPart. Acts requiring authorisation of a broadcasting organisation

59.(1) Abroadcastingorganisationshallhavetheexclusiverighttocarryoutortoauthorisethe –

(a) rebroadcastofitsbroadcastorpartsofit;

(b) distributionbycableofitsbroadcastorpartsofit;

(c) fixationofitsbroadcastorpartsofit;

(d) communicationtothepublicofitstelevisionbroadcast;and

(e) reproductionofafixationofitsbroadcastorpartsofit. (2) Theprotectionunderthissectionshallsubsistfortwentyyears(20)computedfromtheend of the year in which the broadcast was made.

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Protection of performances in public places

60.Where, in a public place, bymeans of broadcasting, cinematography, jukebox or otherapparatus,asoundrecordingorotherdevicesareusedinapublicperformance,theauthors,performers and the producers of that sound recording shall be entitled to royalties in terms of this Act.

Limitation of protection

61.(1) Sections53,55,57and58shallnotapplywheretheactsreferredtointhosesectionsaremadefor-

(a) privateuse;

(b) thereportingofcurrentevents;

(c) teachingorresearch;

(d) quotation in the form of short excerpts of a performance, sound recording or broadcastwhicharecompatiblewithfairpracticeandarejustifiedbytheinformative purposeofthosequotations;and

(e) forsuchotherpurposesastoconstituteexceptionsinrespectofcopyrightworks under Part II of this Act.

(2) Therequirementsforauthorisationundersections53,55,and58formakingfixationsof performances and broadcast, for reproducing such fixations and for reproducing soundrecordingspublishedforcommercialpurposes,respectively,shallnotapplywherethefixationor reproduction is made by a broadcasting organisation by means of its own facilities and for its broadcasts.

Works belonging to the public domain

62.(1) Thefollowingworksshallbelongtothepublicdomain-

(a) workswhosetermofprotectionhaveexpired;

(b) worksinrespectofwhichauthorshaverenouncedtheirrights;and

(c) foreignworkswhichdonotenjoyprotectioninSwaziland.

(2) Forthepurposesofparagraph(b),renunciationbyanauthororhissuccessorintitleofhis rights shall be in writing and made public;

Providedthatanysuchrenunciationshallnotbecontrarytoanypreviouscontractualobligationrelatingtothework.

(3) SubjecttopaymentoffeesthattheMinistermayprescribeinrelationthereto,aworkwhich has fallen into the public domain may be used without any restriction.

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Enforcement of rights

63. The rights conferred by this Part may be enforced under this Act in all respects as if the personsinwhomtheyarevestedwereownersofcopyrightandinfringementsoftherightswereinfringements of that copyright.

Criminal liability for infringement of rights of performers and holders of recording rights

64.(1) Anypersonwho-

(a) makesanillicitrecordingofaperformance;or

(b) importsanillicitrecordingofaperformanceintoSwazilandorexportsfrom Swaziland,otherwisethanforhispersonalandprivateuse;or

(c) inthecourseofbusiness,possessesanillicitrecordingofaperformanceorexhibits it in public or distributes it; or

(d) sellsanillicitrecordingofaperformanceorletsitforhireorexposesitforsaleor hire;

Knowing or having reasonable grounds for believing that it is an illicit recording, shall beguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingtwentyfivethousandEmalangeni(E25000)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingfive(5)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(2) Anypersonwhocausesanillicitrecordingtobeperformedinpublic,knowingorhavingreasonablegroundsforbelievingthatitisanillicitrecording,shallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliable toafinenotexceeding ten thousandEmalangeni (E10000)or to imprisonment foraperiodnotexceedingtwoyearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(3) Anypersonwhocausesan illicit recordingtobebroadcastor transmitted inacableprogramme service, knowingor having reasonable grounds for believing that it is an illicitrecording, shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousandEmalangeni(E10000)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingtwo(2)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(4) AnypersonwhofalselyrepresentsthatheisauthorisedtogiveconsentforthepurposesofthisPartinrelationtoaperformanceshallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingfifteenthousandEmalangeni(E15000)or toimprisonmentforaperiodnot threeyearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

PART IXPROTECTIONOFEXPRESSIONSOFFOLKLORE

ForthepurposesofthisPart,“expressionoffolklore”meansaliterary,musicalorartisticwork,whetherornotitisrecorded,ofwhich-

(a) nopersoncanclaimtobetheauthor;and

(b) theformorcontentisembodiedinthetraditionspeculiartooneormorecommunities in Swaziland;

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andincludes-

(i) folktales,folkpoetryandtraditionalriddles;and

(ii) folksongsandinstrumentalfolkmusic;and

(iii)folkdances,playsandartisticformsofritual;and

(iv)productionsoffolkart,inparticulardrawings,paintings,sculptures,pottery, woodwork,metalwork,jewellery,baskets,costumes,carvingsandmosaic;and

(v) traditionalmusicalinstruments.

Copyright in expressions of folklore to vest in Government

65.Subject to the provisions of this Part, copyright in expressions of folklore shall vest inperpetuityintheGovernmentonbehalfandforthebenefitofthepeopleofSwaziland.

Utilisation subject to authorisation

66.(1) Subject to theprovisionsofsection67thefollowingusesofexpressionsoffolkloreshallbesubjecttoapprovalbytheMinister,whentheyaremadeforgainfulpurposeoroutsidetheirtraditionalandcustomarycontext-

(a) anypublication,adaptation,reproductionandanydistributionofcopiesof expressionsoffolklore;and

(b) communication to the public, including recitation, performance, broadcasting or distributionbycable,ofexpressionsoffolklore.

Free uses of expressions of folklore

67.Section66shallnotapplyinthefollowingcases-

(a) utilisationforthepurposesofeducation;

(b) utilisationbywayofillustrationinanoriginalworkofanauthororauthorstothe extent that such utilisation is compatible with fair practice;

(c) usingexpressionsoffolkloreforcreatinganoriginalworkbyanauthorinspiredby folklore;

(d) incidentalutilisationofexpressionsoffolklore,including,inparticular,utilisation ofanexpressionoffolklorethatcanbeseenorheardinthecourseofacurrentevent for the purpose of reporting on that current event by means of photography, broadcasting or sound or visual recording to the extent that such utilisation is justifiedforinformativepurposes;

(e) useofobjectscontainingtheexpressionsoffolklorewhicharepermanentlylocated inaplacewheretheycanbeviewedbythepublic,iftheuseconsistsintheinclusion oftheirimageinaphotograph,filmortelevisionbroadcast.

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Acknowledgement of source of expression of folklore

68.Whenever an identifiable expression of folklore is used in a printed publication orcommunicated to thepublic, the sourceof suchexpressionof folklore shallbe indicated inan appropriate manner by mentioning the community or geographic area from where the expressionhasbeenderived.

Authorisation for use of expression of folklore

69.(1) ApplicationsforindividualorblanketauthorisationofanyutilisationofexpressionsoffolkloreunderthisActshallbemadeinwritingtotheMinister.

(2)Where the Minister grants authorization, he may fix the amount of such feescorresponding to such tariff as he may determine, which funds shall be appropriated to a central fundtobecreatedforthedevelopmentandpromotionofnationalcultureandfolklore.

(3) Appealsagainst thedecisionsof theMinistermaybemadetoacourtbythepersonapplyingfortheauthorizationorarepresentativeoftheinterestedcommunity.

Scope of protection

70.(1) TheprotectionofexpressionsoffolkloreunderthisActshallinnowaybeinterpretedastohinderthenormaluse,maintenanceanddevelopmentofsuchexpressions.

(2) ThisPartshallbeinadditiontoandnotinderogationfromtheotherpartsofthisAct,orotherlawapplicabletoexpressionsoffolkloreorinternationaltreatiestowhichSwazilandis a party, relating to the protection of industrial property or any other forms of protection and preservationofexpressionsoffolklore.

Offences and penalties

71.(2) Apersonwho,withouttheauthorisationoftheMinister,importsordistributescopiesof expressions of folklore derived from Swaziland or copies of translations, adaptations,arrangementsorothertransformationsofsuchexpressionsoffolklore,madeoutsideSwazilandwithouttheauthorisationoftheMinister,commitsanoffenceandisliable,onconvictiontofinenotexceedingtwentyfivethousandEmalangeni(E25,000.00)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingfive(5)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(3) Apersonwho-

(a) WithouttheauthorisationoftheMinister,utilizesanexpressionoffolklorein contraventionofsection66;or

(b) contravenessection68commitsanoffenceandisliable,onconviction,toafine not exceeding ten thousand Emalangeni (E10,000.00) or to imprisonment for a periodnotexceedingtwo(2)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(4) Apersonwho-

(a) wilfullydeceivesothers inrespectof thesourceofartefactsorsubjectmatterof performanceor recitationsmade available to thepublic byhim in anydirect or indirectmanner,presentingsuchartefactsorsubjectmatterasexpressionsof folkloreofacertaincommunity,fromwhereinfact,theyhavenotbeenderived;or

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(b) publicly uses, in anydirect or indirectmanner, expressions of folklore,wilfully distortingthesameinawayprejudicialtotheculturalinterestsofthecommunity; or

(c) givesauthorisationonbehalfofperformerswithoutbeingadulyappointed representative,orknowinglyproceedswithsuchanunlawfulauthorisation,

commits an offence shall be liable, on conviction, to a fine not exceedingfifteen thousandEmalangeni(E15000.00)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingthree(3)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

PART XESTABLISHMENTOFCOPYRIGHTOFFICEANDCOPYRIGHTSOCIETY

72.InthisPart-

“Board”meanstheCopyrightandNeighbouringRightsCollectingSocietyofSwazilandBoard;

“foreign”, in relation to an author, performer, or society, means an author, performer or society who is not a Swazi citizen or permanent resident;

“inspector” means an inspector appointed in terms of section 96;

“member” means a member of the Society;

“Register” means the register of the Society;

“registeringofficer”meanstheregisteringofficeroftheSocietyreferredtoinsection82;

“registered” means registered in terms of this Part.

Establishment of Copyright Office

73.ThereisherebyestablishedanofficetobeknownastheCopyrightOffice,whichshallbesituatedataplacewheretheMinistermaydesignateandshallberesponsiblefortheregistrationof copyright and other matters in terms of this Act.

Copyright Assistant Registrar and other Officers

74.(1) Thereshallbe-

(a) aCopyrightRegistrar;and

(b) suchexaminersandotherofficersasmaybenecessarytocarryouttheprovisions of this act;

whoseofficesshallbepublicofficesandformpartoftheCivilService.

(2) The Registrar shall exercise general supervision and direction over the CopyrightOffice.

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(3) The Registrar shall be responsible for supervising the activities of the CopyrightSocietyandtogenerallydoanythingelseheisrequiredtodobyorunderthisActoranyotherenactment.

Seal of Copyright Office

75.(1) TheCopyrightOfficeshallhaveasealofadesignapprovedbytheMinister.

(2)Whereadocumentbearsanimpressionofthesealreferredtoinsubsection(1),itshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisprovedthatthedocumentwasissuedbytheRegistrarforthe purposes of this Act.

Functions of the Copyright Office

76.(1) TheCopyrightOfficeshall–

(a) beresponsibleforallmattersaffectingcopyrightinSwaziland;

(b) supervisetheactivitiesoftheCopyrightSocietyasprovidedforinthisAct;

(c) adviseGovernmentanditsagenciesonallmatterspertainingtocopyright;

(d)monitorthepositionofSwazilandinrelationtointernationalconventions,treaties oragreementsrelatingtocopyrightandtoadviseGovernmentthereon;

(e) adviseGovernmentontheconclusionofbilateralandmultilateralagreementson copyright between Swaziland and other countries;

(f) advisetheMinisteronallmatterssetoutinthisAct.

(g) organiseoutreachandawarenesscreationprogrammestoinform,educateand sensitize the public on matters relating to copyright;

(h)maintainaneffectivedatabaseoncopyrightmattersandauthorsandtheirworks;

(i) maintainaregisterofworks,productionsandassociationsofauthorsandperformers in Swaziland; and

(j) beresponsibleforsuchmattersrelatingtocopyright,astheMinistermay,fromtime totime,directforthebettercarryingoutofthepurposesandprovisionsofthisAct.

Annual report

77.(1) TheCopyrightOfficeshall,notlaterthanthree(3)monthsaftertheendofeachfinancialyear,submittotheMinister,anannualreportofitsactivitiesfortheyearforwhichthereportrelates.

(2) TheMinistershall,notmorethansix(6)monthsofhisreceiptof theannualreport,submit the report to Parliament with such accompanying statement as he may consider necessary.

(3) TheCopyrightOfficeshall,attherequestoftheMinister,submitanyotherreportsorequested.

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Establishment of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Society of Swaziland

78.There is hereby established a Society to be known as theCopyright andNeighbouringRightsSocietyofSwazilandwhich shall be anon-profitmakingbodycorporate capableofsuingandbeingsuedinitscorporatenameand,subjecttothisAct,ofperformingallactsthatbodies corporate may by law perform. Functions and Powers of the Society

79.(1) TheSocietyshall-

(a) representanddefendtheinterestsoftheownersofcopyrightinthevarious categoriesofworksprotectedintermsofthisActinSwazilandandabroad;

(b)maintainaregisterofworks,productionsandassociationsofauthorsandperformers;

(c) putinplacerulesandregulationswhichcontainsuchprovisionsasarenecessaryto ensure the protection of the interests of its members;

(d) beresponsibleforthenegotiationandgrantingoflicences;and

(e) beresponsibleforthecollectionanddistributionofroyaltiestoappropriateright owners;

(f) enter into reciprocal agreements with foreign societies of authors and performers for theexclusiveauthorisationinrespectoftheuseoftheirmembers’workandforthe collectionanddistributionofroyaltiesderivingfromthoseworks;

(g) helpinthepreparationofstandardformsofcontractsofassignmentofcopyrightor oflicenceforthebenefitanduseofitsmembers;

(h) provideitsmemberswithinformationandadviceonallmattersrelatingto copyright;

(i) actforitsmembersinthemanagementoftheirrightsintermsofthisAct;

(j) representauthorsandperformersinthenegotiationandadministrationoflicence schemes;

(k) negotiateforthegrantoflicencesasagentforthemembers;

(l) providememberswithinformationandadviceonallmattersrelatingtocopyright;

(m)fostersuchharmonyandunderstandingbetweenmembersandtheusersoftheir work,asshallbenecessaryfortheprotectionoftheirrights; (n) determinetheratesofroyaltiestobeleviedinrespectofregisteredworks;

(o) levyfeesonregisteredworksandassociations;

(p) distributeroyaltiesonanequitablebasistoitsmembers,whetherlocalorforeign;

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(q) performanyotherfunctionasmaybeassignedtotheSocietybytheCopyright Office;and

(r) exercisesuchpowerandperformsuchotherfunctionasmayberequiredbythis Act.

(2) TheoperationsoftheSocietyshallbecontrolledandmanagedbytheCopyrightandNeighbouringRightsSocietyofSwazilandBoard.

(3) TheBoardshallconsistof-

(a) twomembersappointedbytheMinisterofwhomoneshallbearepresentativefrom theMinistryandtheotheraregisteredlegalpractitioner;

(b) tworepresentativesofanassociationconsideredbytheMinistertoberepresentative ofauthors,appointedbytheMinisterafterconsultationwiththeassociation;

(c) tworepresentativesofanassociationconsideredbytheMinistertoberepresentative ofperformers,appointedbytheMinisterafterconsultationwiththeassociation;

(d) onerepresentativefromtheMinistryresponsibleforInformation;

(e) onerepresentativefromtheMinistryresponsibleforCulture;

(f) onerepresentativefromtheMinistryresponsibleforEducation;and

(g) onerepresentativefromthetraditionalleadership.

(4) TheFirst Schedule shall apply to the qualifications ofmembers of theBoard, theirtermsandconditionsofoffice,vacationofofficeandtheproceduretobefollowedbytheBoardat its meetings.

(5)TheSecondScheduleshallgovernthefinancialandotheraspectsoftheoperationsofthe Society.

(6)TheMinistershallappointtheChairmanforthesocietyfromthemembersasoutlinedabove.

Funds of the Society

80.ThefundsoftheSocietyshallconsistof-

(a) aprescribedportionofroyaltiesorlicencefeescollectedonbehalfofmembers;and

(b) anymoneysthatmaybepayabletotheSocietyfrommoneysappropriatedforthe purpose by an Act of Parliament; and

(c) anyloans,donationsorgrantsmadetotheSocietywiththeapprovaloftheMinister byanypersonorauthorityorbythegovernmentofanycountry;and

(d) anyothermoneysthatmayaccruetotheSociety,whetherinthecourseofits operations or otherwise.

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Society to maintain register

81.(1) TheSocietyshallmaintainaregisterofregisteredworks,productionsandassociationsof authors, artists and performers.

(2) The publisher of awork in Swazilandmay cause thatwork to be registered in theregisterkeptbytheSocietywithinthree(3)monthsofpublicationofsuchworkandacopyofthebesteditionshallbedepositedattheofficeoftheSociety.

(3) The register shall be open to inspection at all convenient times bymembers of thepublic, on payment of the prescribed fee, if any.

(4) TheSocietyshallprovideacertifiedcopyofanentryintheregistertoanypersonwhorequestsitandwhopaystheprescribedfee.

Accounts and Audit

82.(1) TheSocietyshall-

(a) keepproperaccountsandotherrecordsinrespectofthefundsreceivedandcollected andshallineveryrespectcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheFinanceandAuditAct, 1967;

(b) submittotheCopyrightOfficeannuallyorasoftenastheOfficemaydirect,audited accountsinrespectoffinancesandproperty,andanestimateofincomeand expenditureforthefollowingfinancialyear;

(c) submitareportofitsoperationsandperformanceduringtheyearinquestion.

(2) The accounts of the Society shall be examined and audited annually by auditorsappointedbytheSocietyandapprovedbytheMinister.

(3) ThefinancialyearoftheSocietyshallbeaperiodoftwelvemonthsbeginningon1stAprileveryyearandendingon31stMarchthefollowingyear.

(4) ThefirstfinancialyearoftheSocietymaybesuchlongerperiodnotexceedingeighteenmonthsfromthedateofcommencementofthisActandastheMinistermayapprove.

Registering officer of the Society

83.(1) TheSocietyshallappointaregisteringofficertoenableittocarryoutitsfunctionsinterms of this Part.

(2) TheSocietyshallestablisharegister,tobeknownastheRegisteroftheCopyrightandNeighboring Rights Society of Swaziland.

(3) TheRegisteringOfficeroftheSocietyshallberesponsible,subjecttoanydirectionsgiventohimbytheCopyrightOffice,formaintainingtheRegisterandensuringthatentriesaremadeintheRegisterrecording-

(a) thenameandsuchotherparticularsasmaybeprescribedofeachauthorand performer who has been registered; and

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(b) particularsofthecancellationorsuspensionofanyperson’sregistrationor restoration of any such cancelled registration or the termination of any such suspension; and

(c) particularsoftheworkoftheauthororperformerinrespectofwhichthesociety may collect royalties or licence fees or negotiate the granting of licences on behalf of the author or performer; and

(d) anynecessarycorrectionsoralterationstoanyparticularsorfactsreferredtoin paragraph(a),(b)or(c);and

(e) anyotherparticularsthatmaybeprescribedorthattheofficemaydetermine.

(4) Any person may inspect the Register and make copies of any entry therein at allreasonabletimesonpaymentofsuchfeeasmaybeprescribed:

Providedthatnosuchfeeshallbepayableby-

(a) apoliceofficeroramemberofthePublicServiceactinginthecourseofhisorher duty as such; or

(b) anyotherpersonwhomtheofficehasauthorisedtoinspecttheregisterfree-of- charge.

Application for membership of Society and registration of works of authors and performers

84.(1)Any-

(a) authororperformerwhoseworkiseligibleintermsofthisActforprotectionmay;

(b) foreignauthororperformerwhoseworkiseligibleintermsofthelawofany foreign country for protection may, on payment of the prescribed fee;

apply for registration in terms of this section.

(2) AnauthororperformershallbecomeamemberoftheSocietybyvirtueofregisteringhisworkwiththeSocietyintermsofthissection.

(3) Anapplicationforregistrationintheregisterof-

(a) anyworkofanauthororperformermaybemade,subjecttothisPart,byoron behalf of the author or performer;

(b) anassignmentorlicenceofworkofanauthororperformermaybemade,subject to this Part, by or on behalf of the author or performer or by or on behalf of the licensee or assignee, as the case may be.

(4) Anapplicationundersubsection(3)shallbemadeintheprescribedformandmannerandwithintheprescribedperiod,ifany,andshallbeaccompaniedby-

(a) suchdocumentsandotherinformationasmaybeprescribedorastheregistering officermayreasonablyrequire;and

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(b) inthecaseofforeigners,theprescribedfee.

(5) The registering officer shall accept an application under paragraph (a) or (b) ofsubsection(3)fortheregistrationofaworkofanauthororperformerorofanyassignmentorlicenceofsuchwork,ifheissatisfiedthat-

(a) alltheprescribedrequirementshavebeenmetwithregardtotheapplication;and

(b) theworkconcernedenjoysprotectionintermsofthisActorintermsofthelawof any foreign country; and

(c) inthecaseofanassignmentorlicence,ithasbeendulygrantedinaccordancewith this Act;

and,subject tosubsection(6), if theregisteringofficer isnotsosatisfiedheshall refuse theapplication.

(6) If an applicant has not been able to satisfy the registering officer as to anymattersreferredtoinsubsection(4)or(5)buttheregisteringofficerconsidersthathewillbeabletodosobeforeafinaldecisionismadeontheapplication,theregisteringofficermayaccepttheapplicationsubjecttosuchmodifications,conditionsorlimitationsasmaybeappropriate.

(7) The registering officer may at any time, whether before or after acceptance of theapplication,correctanyerrorinorinconnectionwithanapplicationundersubsection(3).

(8) Attherequestofapersonwhoseapplicationundersubsection(3)hasbeenrefusedoracceptedsubjecttomodifications,conditionsorlimitations,andonpaymentoftheprescribedfee,theregisteringofficershallprovidehim,inwriting,withthegroundsforhisdecisionandtheinformationheusedinarrivingatthatdecision.

(9)Wheretheregisteringofficerhasprovidedanapplicantwithgroundsforhisdecisionintermsofsubsection(8),inanyappealtotheTribunalarisingoutofthatdecision-

(a) the appeal shall be determined on the informationwhich the registering officer statedheusedinarrivingathisdecisionandonanyfurtherinformationtheapplicant mayhavelaidbeforehim;and

(b) theregisteringofficermaytakenofurthergroundsofobjectiontotheapplication otherthanthosestatedbyhim,exceptwiththeleaveoftheTribunal,andwherethe Tribunalgivestheregisteringofficersuchleavetheapplicantshallbeentitled,on givingtheprescribednotice,towithdrawhisappealwithoutpaymentofcosts.

Advertisement of accepted application

85.(1)Where the registeringofficerhas accepted an applicationunder section83,whetherabsolutelyorsubjecttoconditionsorlimitations,theapplicantshall,withoutdelaycausetheapplicationasacceptedtobeadvertisedintheprescribedmanner,andtheadvertisementshallsetforthanyconditionsandlimitationssubjecttowhichtheapplicationwasaccepted:

Providedthattheregisteringofficermayrequireanapplicationtobeadvertisedbeforeacceptanceinanycasewhereheorsheconsidersthatthereareexceptionalcircumstanceswhichmakeitexpedienttodoso,andwhereanapplicationhasbeensoadvertisedtheregisteringofficermay,ifhethinksfit,requireittobeadvertisedagainafterithasbeenaccepted.

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(2) Afteradvertisementintermsofsubsection(1),theapplicationandanydocumentsthatwere lodged in support of the application may be inspected by members of the public, on paymentoftheprescribedfee,atallconvenienttimesduringofficehoursattheofficeoftheregisteringofficer.

(3) Ifanapplicationisnotadvertisedintermsofsubsection(1)withinsixmonthsaftertheregisteringofficerhasacceptedtheapplication,orwithinsuchlongerperiodastheregisteringofficermayallow,itshallbedeemedtohavebeenabandoned.

Opposition to registration

86.(1)Withintwomonthsafteranapplicationhasbeenadvertisedintermsofsection84,orwithinsuchlongerperiodastheregisteringofficermayallow,anypersonmaygivenoticetotheregisteringofficerofoppositiontotheregistration,whichnoticeshall-

(a) begiveninwritingintheprescribedmanner;and

(b) setoutthegroundsofopposition.

(2) Theregisteringofficershallsendtheapplicantacopyofanynoticeofoppositionintermsofsubsection(1)and,withinonemonthafterreceivingitorwithinsuchlongerperiodas theregisteringofficermayallow, theapplicantmaysendto theregisteringofficer, in theprescribed manner a response to the opposition, setting out the grounds on which it should be dismissed.

(3) Ifanapplicantdoesnotsendtheregisteringofficeraresponseintermsofsubsection(2)heshallbedeemedtohaveabandonedhisapplication.

(4) Assoonaspossibleafterreceivingaresponseintermsofsubsection(2),theregisteringofficershallsendacopyofittoeverypersonwhogavenoticeofoppositiontotheapplication.

Decision on application for registration

87.(1) If,afteranapplicationhasbeenadvertisedintermsofsection84-

(a) theregisteringofficerhasnotreceivedanoticeofoppositionintermsofsection85 withintheperiodspecifiedinthatsection;and

(b) theregisteringofficerissatisfiedastothemattersandcircumstancesreferredtoin subsection(5)and(6),asthecasemaybe,ofsection83;

he shall proceed to register the author or performer concerned.

(2) Iftheregisteringofficerhasreceivedanoticeofoppositionandresponseintermsofsection 85, he shall consider the submissions made therein and, if he considers it necessary or ifheisrequiredtodosobyeitherparty,heshallhearanyevidencethepartieswishtoadduce,andthereuponwithoutdelayshallproceedto-

(a) rejecttheapplicationconcerned;or

(b) registerthework,assignmentorlicenceconcerned;or

(c) referthemattertotheTribunalintermsofsubsection(3).

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(3)Where-

(a) theregisteringofficerconsidersthatitisdesirabletodosobecauseofanypointof lawinvolvedortheunusualimportanceorcomplexityofthematter;or

(b) theapplicantandallpersonswhohavegivennoticeofoppositionsorequest;

theregisteringofficershallreferanapplicationtotheTribunalfordecisionandshallthereafteract in the matter in accordance with the Tribunal’s decision.

(4)Whenenteringintheregistertheregistrationofanassignmentorlicencethathasbeengrantedforalimitedterm,theregisteringofficershallspecifyitsduration.

(5) Theregisteringofficermayregisteranywork,assignmentorlicenceintermsofthissectionsubjecttosuchmodifications,conditionsorlimitationsasmaybeprescribed.

(6) Onregisteringanywork,assignmentorlicenceintermsofthissection,theregisteringofficershallissuetheapplicantwithacertificateofregistrationintheprescribedform.

Effective date and duration of registration

88.(1)Wheretheregisteringofficerregistersanyrightormatterintermsofsection86,heshalldo so with effect from the date on which the application for its registration was lodged, and that date shall be deemed to be the date of its registration for the purposes of this Part.

(2) Theregistrationofauthorsandperformersshallcontinueuntiltheregistrationisdeletedor cancelled in terms of section 88 or 89.

Power of registering officer to allow amendments to applications and documents

89.(1)Where rights under an assignment or licence which is the subject of a pendingapplication for registrationunder thisParthavebeen transferred toanotherpersonafter theapplicationhasbeenlodged,theregisteringofficermay,onapplicationallowthetransfereetobe substituted as applicant.

(2) AtanytimebeforetheregistrationofanyrightormatterunderthisPart,theregisteringofficer may allow the amendment of the application or of any document relating to theapplication,onsuchtermsashethinksfit.

Proceedings before registering officer

90.(1) EvidenceinanyproceedingsbeforetheregisteringofficerunderthisPartshallbegivenbyaffidavit:

Providedthattheregisteringofficermay,ifhethinksfitinanyparticularcase,takeoralevidenceonoathinlieuoforinadditiontosuchevidence.

(2) Theregisteringofficermay,inanyproceedingsbeforehimunderthisPart-

(a) allowanywitnesstobecross-examinedonhisaffidavitororalevidence;

(b) decidethehours,timesandplacesatwhichhewillsit.

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(3) ForthepurposesofanyproceedingsbeforehimunderthisPart,theregisteringofficershallhavethesamepowers,rightsandprivilegesasareconferreduponacommissionerbytheCommissionsofInquiryAct,1963,otherthanthepowertoorderapersontobedetainedincustody, and sections 11 to 15 of that Act shall apply, with necessary changes, in relation to the hearinganddeterminationofanymatterbeforetheregisteringofficerunderthisPartandtoanypersonsummonedtogiveevidenceorgivingevidencebeforehim.

Duty of registering officer to give opportunity to make representations

91.TheregisteringofficershallnotexerciseanydiscretionarypowergiventohimunderthisPart in amannerwhich adversely affects the rights of any person unless he has given thatpersonareasonableopportunitytomakerepresentationsinthematter,eitherpersonallyorbyhis agent.

Power of registering officer to rectify Register

92.(1) Subjecttosection90,theregisteringofficermay,onhisowninitiativeoronapplicationbyanyinterestedperson,alteranyentryintheRegisterby-

(a) correctinganyerrorinanynameoraddressrecordedtherein;

(b) alteringthenameoraddressofapersonwhohaschangedhisnameoraddress;

(c) cancelingtheregistrationofanyright,assignmentorlicence,whereheissatisfied that it has ceased to exist; or

(d) deletinganyerroneousentry;or

(e) correctinganyothererrorintheentryconcerned.

(2) Anapplicationforthecorrectionofanentryundersubsection(1)shallbemadeintheprescribed form and manner and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee.

Power of Tribunal to rectify Register

93.(1) Anyinterestedpersonwhomaintainsthat-

(a) anentrywasmadeintheregisterwithoutsufficientcause;or

(b) anentrywronglyremainsintheregister;or

(c) thereisanerrorordefectintheregister;

mayapplytotheTribunalfortherectificationoftheregisterbythedeletionorcorrectionoftheentry concerned.

(2) Iftheregisteringofficerissatisfiedthatanyentryintheregister-

(a) hasbeensecuredbyfraudormisrepresentation;or

(b) wasmadewithoutsufficientcauseorwronglyremainsontheregister;

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he may apply to the Tribunal for an order rectifying the register by the deletion or correction of the entry concerned.

(3) Inanapplicationundersubsection(1)or(2),theTribunalmaydecideanyquestionthatmaybenecessaryorexpedientforittodecideinconnectionwiththerectificationoftheregister,andmaymakesuchorderinconnectionwiththeapplicationasitthinksfit.

(4) AnorderoftheTribunalrectifyingtheregistershallbedirectedtotheregisteringofficerand,onbeingnotifiedoftheorder,theregisteringofficershallrectifytheregisteraccordingly.

Certified copies of entries in register

94.Theregisteringofficershallprovideacopyofanyentryintheregister,certifiedwithasealtoanypersonwhorequestsitandwhopaystheappropriatefee.

Right of registering officer to appear in proceedings regarding register

95. In any proceedings before the Tribunal or any court in which the relief sought includes an alterationorrectificationoftheregister,theregisteringofficershallhavetherighttoappearandbe heard, and shall appear if so directed by the Tribunal or court, as the case may be.

Penalty for false entries and false statements

96.Anypersonwho-

(a) knowinglymakesafalseentryintheregisterorcausessuchanentrytobemade;or

(b) preparesorcausestobepreparedadocumentwhichfalselypurportstobeacopyof anentryintheregisterorastatementoftheregisteringofficer;or

(c) producesortendersinevidence,orcausestobesoproducedortendered,anentry ordocumentreferredtoinparagraph(a)or(b),knowingtheentryordocumentto be false; or

(d)makesafalsestatementorrepresentation,knowingittobefalse,forthepurposeof-

(i) deceivingtheregisteringofficerintheexecutionofhisfunctionsunderthis Part; or

(ii) procuringorinfluencingthedoingoromissionofanythinginrelationtothis Part;

shallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingtenthousandEmalangeniortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingtwoyearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.”.

Appointment of Inspectors

97.(1) TheSocietymayappointpersonsemployedbyittobeinspectorsforthepurposesofthisActandshallfurnisheachpersonsoappointedwithacertificatesignedbyitstatingthathehas been appointed as an inspector.

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(2) AninspectormayrequireapersonwhomhehasreasonablecausetosuspectisapersonrequiredintermsofthisActtopossessalicencetouseworksofperformersandauthorsforcommercial gain to produce his licence.

(3) Ifapersonreferredtoinsubsection(2)-

(a) isunabletoproducehislicenceondemand;or

(b) cannotbelocatedathisusualorlastknownplaceofabodeorbusiness;

theinspectorconcernedmayserveonthepersonanoticeintheprescribedformrequiringthatpersontoproducethatnoticeandhislicencetothepoliceofficerinchargeofapolicestationwithinaperiodofsevendaysfromthedateofserviceofthatnotice.

(4) A police officer to whom a notice and a licence have been produced in terms ofsubsection(3)shallforthwith-

(a) issuetothepersonwhoproducedthenoticeandthelicenceareceiptinthe prescribed form; and

(b) notifytheinspectorwhoservedthenoticethatthenoticeandlicencehavebeen produced.

(5) Ifapersonwhohasbeenservedwithanoticeintermsofsubsection(2)-

(a) failstocomplywiththerequirementcontainedinthatnotice,heshallbepresumed, untilthecontraryisproved,nottobetheholderofalicence,referredtointhenotice;

(b) issubsequentlyprosecutedforfailingtocomplywiththerequirementcontained inthatnotice,heshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisproved,nottohave produced that notice and his licence, in compliance with the notice.

(6) Subjecttosubsection(7),aninspectormayatallreasonabletimesenterpremisesonwhich he has reasonable cause to suspect an offence against this Act has been committed and shallhavepowertomakesuchsearch,inspectionandinquirytoascertainwhethercompliancehas been made with this Act.

(7) Thepowerofentryandinspectionconferredbythissectionshallnotbeexercised—(a) exceptwiththeconsentofthepersoninchargeofthepremisesconcernedorinaccordancewithasearchwarrantissuedintermsofsection46oftheCriminalProcedureandEvidenceAct,1938; or

(b) exceptwiththeconsentofthepersoninchargeofthepremisesconcerned,unless therearereasonablegroundsforbelievingthatitisnecessarytoexercisethemfor theprevention,investigationordetectionofanoffenceintermsofthisActorfor obtainingofevidencerelatingtosuchanoffence.

(8) Aninspectorshall,ondemandbyanypersonaffectedbytheexerciseofthepowersconferreduponhimbythissection,exhibitthecertificateissuedtohimintermsofsubsection(1).

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PART XIAPPEALSTOTRIBUNALAGAINSTDECISIONSOFREGISTERINGOFFICER

ForthepurposesofthisPart,“Tribunal”referstotheSwazilandIntellectualPropertyTribunalestablished in terms of the Swaziland Intellectual Property Tribunal Act.

Right of appeal to Tribunal against decisions of Registering Officer

98.Anypersonwhoisaggrievedbyadecisionoftheregisteringofficer-

(a) inregardtotheregistrationofanyrightunderPartX,includingadecision-

(i) toimposeanymodification,conditionorlimitationonhisacceptanceofan application under section 81; or

(ii) torefusetoallowanapplicantfurthertimewithinwhichtoadvertisean application in terms of section 82; or

(iii)toregisterornottoregisteranyrightormatterundersection84;

(iv)toimposeanymodification,conditionorlimitationontheregistrationofany right or matter under section 84; or

(v) torefusetoallowtheamendmentofanapplicationoradocumentintermsof section 88; or

(vi)torectifytheRegisterundersection88;or

(vii)torefusetoallowapersonfurthertimetofileanydocument;

may appeal to the Tribunal against the decision concerned.

Noting of appeal

99. An appeal in terms of section 94 shall be noted by lodging a written notice of appeal with theRegistraroftheTribunalandwiththeRegisteringOfficerwithintwentydaysfromthedateonwhichtheappellantwasnotifiedofthedecisionwhichisthesubjectoftheappeal.

Powers of Tribunal on appeal

100.Inanappealintermsofsection94,theTribunalmay-

(a) exercisethesamediscretionarypowersinrelationtothedecisionororderinissue asareconferredontheRegisteringOfficerbytherelevantprovisionsofthisAct;

(b) remitthemattertotheRegisteringOfficerwithinstructionsforthetakingoffurther evidenceorthesettingoutoffurtherinformation;

(c) ordertheparties,oranyofthem,toproducesuchfurtherevidenceorinformationas the Tribunal may specify;

(d) confirm,varyorsetasidethedecisionappealedagainstorgivesuchotherdecision asinitsopiniontheRegistraroughttohavegiven;

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(e)makesuchorderastocostsasitthinksfit.

PART X1I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Devices designed to circumvent copy-protection

101.(1)Inthissection-

“copy-protection”means a device or arrangement of any description which is designed topreventorrestrictthemakingofunauthorisedcopiesofaworkortoimpairthequalityofanysuch copies made.

(2) Ifaperson,knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatthedeviceconcernedwillbeusedtomakeinfringingcopies-

(a) makes,imports,exports,sellsorletsforhireoroffersorexposesforsaleorhire anydevicespecificallydesignedoradaptedtocircumventaformofcopy-protection thatisemployedorincorporatedinaworkinwhichcopyrightexistsandwhichis issued to the public in electronic form; or

(b) inthecourseofbusiness,possessesadevicereferredtoinparagraph(a);or

(c) publishesinformationintendedtoenableorassistpersonstocircumventaformof copy-protectionthatisemployedorincorporatedinaworkinwhichcopyright exists and which is issued to the public in electronic form;

heshallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingfifteenthousandEmalangenior to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three years or to both such fine and suchimprisonment.

(3)Whetherornotapersonwhocontravenessubsection(2)isprosecutedforanoffenceunderthatsubsection,theownerofthecopyrightintheworkconcernedandthepersonwhoissuedcopiesoftheworktothepublicshallhavethesamerightsagainsthimasif-

(a) hehadinfringedthecopyrightinthework;and

(b) thedeviceconcernedwereaninfringingcopyofthework.

(4) Itshallbeadefencetoaprosecutionforanoffenceundersubsection(2)ortoproceedingsbroughtforinfringementundersubsection(3)fortheaccusedpersonordefendant,asthecasemaybe,toprovethathisactwasreasonablyincidentaltoanyuseofordealingwiththeworkconcernedwhichdidnotamounttoaninfringementofcopyrightinthework.

(5) If,inaprosecutionforanoffenceunderparagraph(b)ofsubsection(2)orinproceedingsbroughtforinfringementinrespectofacontraventionofthatparagraph,itisprovedthattheaccusedpersonordefendant,asthecasemaybe-

(a) wasfoundinpossessionofadevicespecificallydesignedoradaptedtocircumvent aformofcopyprotectionthatisemployedorincorporatedinaworkinwhich copyright exists and which is issued to the public in electronic form; and

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(b) inthecourseofbusinesssold,letforhireordistributedcopiesofworkssuchasthe workreferredtoinparagraph(a);

itshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisproved,thathepossessedthedeviceforthepurposeofmakinginfringingcopiesofthework.

Removal of rights-management information

102.(1)Inthissection-

“rightsmanagementinformation”meansanyname,mark,code,numberorotherinformationwhichisattachedtoorincorporatedinorappearswithacopyrightworkandwhich-

(a) identifiesthework,theauthoroftheworkortheownerofanyrightinthework;or

(b) providesinformationaboutthetermsandconditionsunderwhichtheworkmaybe used in terms of any licence.

(2) Anypersonwho,withtheintentionofinfringingcopyrightintheworkconcerned—

(a) removes,erasesoraltersanyrightsmanagementinformationwhichisattachedto orincorporatedinorappearswithawork;or

(b) sellsorletsforhireoroffersorexposesforsaleorhireanyworkfromwhichrights managementinformationhasbeenremoved,erasedoraltered;

shallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingtenthousandEmalangeni(E10000)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingtwo(2)yearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

(3) Itshallbeadefence,inaprosecutionforanoffenceundersubsection(2),fortheaccusedpersontoprovethattheremoval,erasureoralterationoftherightsmanagementinformationconcernedwasreasonablyincidentaltoanyuseofordealingwiththeworkconcernedwhichdid not amount to an infringement of any copyright in thework.

(4) If,inaprosecutionforanoffenceunderparagraph(a)ofsubsection(2),itisprovedthattheaccusedperson-

(a) removed,erasedoralteredanyrightsmanagementinformationwhichwasattached toorincorporatedinorappearedwithanywork;and

(b) usedordealtwiththeworkinamannerwhichinfringedcopyrightinthework;

itshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisproved,thatheremoved,erasedoralteredtherightsmanagementinformationwiththeintentionofinfringingcopyrightinthework.

(5) If,inaprosecutionforanoffenceunderparagraph(b)ofsubsection(2),itisprovedthattheaccusedperson-

(a) wasfoundinpossessionofaworkfromwhichrightsmanagementinformationwas removed,erasedoraltered;and

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(b) inthecourseofbusinesssold,letforhireordistributedcopiesofworkssuchasthe workreferredtoinparagraph(a);

itshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisproved,thathepossessedtheworkforthepurposeof offering or exposing it for sale or hire.

Fraudulent reception of transmissions

103.(1)Inthissection-

“decoder”meansanydevice,componentorarrangementwhichisdesignedtocircumventthedeviceorarrangementreferredtoinparagraph(b)ofthedefinitionof“encryptedprogramme”;

“encryptedprogramme”meansaprogrammewhich-

(a) isincludedinabroadcastingserviceoracableprogrammeservicebroadcastor transmitted from a place in Swaziland or a designated country; and

(b) incorporatesoremploysadeviceorarrangementofanydescriptionwhichis designedtopreventpersonsfromviewing,listeningtoorreceivingtheprogramme-

(i) withoutpayingthefee,howeverimposed,whichthepersonwhobroadcastsor transmitstheprogrammechargesforviewing,listeningtoorreceivingthe programme; or

(ii)otherwisewithouttheauthorityofthepersonwhobroadcastsortransmitsthe programme.

(2) Ifaperson,withouttheauthorityofthebroadcasteroroperatorofthecableprogrammeserviceconcerned-

(a) makes,imports,exportsorsellsadecoderorletsadecoderforhireoroffersor exposes a decoder for sale or hire; or

(b) inthecourseofbusiness,possessesadecoder;or

(c) usesadecodertoview,listentoorreceiveanencryptedprogramme;or

(d) publishesinformationwhichiscalculatedtoenableorassistpersonstoview,listen toorreceiveencryptedprogrammes-

(i) withoutpayingthefee,howeverimposed,whichthepersonwhobroadcastsor transmitstheprogrammechargesforviewing,listeningtoorreceivingthe programme; or

(ii)otherwisewithouttheauthorityofthepersonwhobroadcastsortransmitsthe programme;

heshallbeguiltyofanoffenceandliabletoafinenotexceedingtenthousandEmalangeni(E10000)ortoimprisonmentforaperiodnotexceedingtwoyearsortobothsuchfineandsuchimprisonment.

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(3)Whetherornotapersonwhocontravenessubsection(2)isprosecutedforanoffenceunderthatsubsection,thebroadcasterortheoperatorofthecableprogrammeserviceconcerned,asthecasemaybe,shallhavethesamerightsagainsthimasif-

(a) hehadinfringedthecopyrightintheencryptedprogrammeconcerned;and

(b) thedecoderwereaninfringingcopyoftheencryptedprogramme.

(4) It shall be a defence to any proceedings brought for an infringement referred to insubsection (1) or to a prosecution for an offence under subsection (2) for the defendant oraccusedperson, as the casemaybe, to prove that he did not know, andhadno reasonablegroundsforknowing,thatthedecoderconcernedwouldbeusedtocircumventtheencryptionof any encrypted programme.

Application of Act to works made and contracts concluded before commencement of Act

104. (1) Subject to this section, thisAct shall apply in relation to worksmade before thecommencementofthisActasitappliesinrelationtoworksmadethereafter.

(2)NoactdonebeforethecommencementofthisActshallconstitute-

(a) aninfringementofanycopyrightorotherrightconferredbythisAct;or

(b) anoffenceintermsofthisAct.

(3) ThisActshallnotaffectanycontractconcludedbeforethecommencementofthisActinrelationtoanyworkorperformance.

(4) TherightsconferredbyPartVIIshallnotsubsistinanyperformancethattookplacebeforethefixeddate.

Act not to affect certain other rights

105.NothinginthisActshallaffect-

(a) anyprivilegeorrightoftheStateoranyotherpersonunderanyotherlawthatisnot expresslyrepealedormodifiedbythisAct;or

(b) therightoftheStateoranypersonderivingtitlefromtheStatetosell,useor otherwise deal with anything forfeited under any enactment, including this Act; or

(c) anyruleoflawrelatingtoconfidentialorprivilegedinformation,unlawful competition or personality rights.

Regulations

106.(1)Subjecttothissection,theMinistermay,byregulationsprovideforallmatterswhichbythisActarerequiredorpermittedtobeprescribedorwhich,inhisopinion,arenecessaryorconvenienttobeprescribedforcarryingoutorgivingeffecttothisAct.

(2)Regulationsmadeintermsofsubsection(1)may-

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(a) designatecountriesandinternationalorganisationsforthepurposesofanyprovision of this Act;

(b) providefortheissueofcompulsorylicencespermitting-

(i) thereproduction,publication,performanceorcirculation,byeducational institutions,ofanywork;or

(ii) thetranslationofanyworkforthepurposeofteaching,scholarshiporresearch orforuseinabroadcastforanysuchpurpose:

Providedthattheactsauthorisedbysuchalicenceshallnotconflictwithanormalexploitationoftheworkconcerned,norshallanysuchlicenceunreasonablyprejudicethelegitimateinterestsoftheownerofthecopyrightintheworkconcerned;

(c) conferpowersontheCopyrightAdministratorinregardtothesettlementof disputes regarding infringement of copyright or the terms and conditions of any licence or any assignment of copyright;

(d) prescribefeespayableinrespectofanynoticegiventotheCommissionerof Customs under section 46, and the reimbursement of the Commissioner of Customs foranyexpensesincurredindetaininganyarticlesinconsequenceofanynoticeor order under that section.

(e) provideforauthorizationforuseofexpressionsoffolklore;

(f) thecompositionandprocedureoftheCopyrightSociety;and

(g) theformsandlicencesrequiredtobeusedunderthisAct.

(3)Whenmakinganyregulationsintermsofsubsection(1)theMinistershallhaveregardtoSwaziland’sobligationsunderanyinternationalconvention,treatyoragreementrelatingtocopyright.

Repeal of the Copyright Act, 1912 and savings

107.(1)Subjecttosubsection(2),theCopyrightAct,1912isrepealed.

(2) Anyassignment, licenceorschemewhichhadeffectunder theCopyrightAct1912,immediatelybefore thedate of commencement of thisAct shall continue to have the sameeffect,mutatismutandis,intermsoftheappropriateprovisionsofthisAct.

(3) Anycopyright,andanyassignmentofor licence issuedinrespectofanycopyright,which subsisted immediately before the date of commencement of this Act may be registered in termsofPartV:

Providedthatanyapplicationforsuchregistrationshallbemadewithinoneyearafterthedateof commencement of Part V.

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FIRST SCHEDULE(Section78(4))

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO THE COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTSSOCIETYOFSWAZILANDBOARD

ARRANGEMENTOFPARAGRAPHS

Paragraph

1.DisqualificationsformembershipofBoard.

2.TermsofofficeandconditionsofserviceofmembersoftheBoard.

3.Vacationofofficebyappointedmember.

4.FillingofvacanciesonBoard.

5.Chairpersonandvice-chairpersonoftheBoard.

6.MeetingsandprocedureofBoard.

7.StaffofBoard.

Disqualifications for membership of Board

1. (1) TheMinistershallnotappointapersonasamemberandnopersonshallbequalifiedtoholdofficeasanappointedmemberoftheBoardif-

(a) heisneitheracitizenofSwazilandnorordinarilyresidentinSwaziland;or

(b) hehasbeenadjudgedorotherwisedeclaredinsolventorbankruptintermsofalaw in force in any country, and has not been rehabilitated or discharged; or

(c) he has made an assignment to or arrangement or composition with his or her creditors in terms of a law in force in any country, and the assignment, arrangement or composition has not been rescinded or set aside; or

(d) withinaperiodoffiveyearsimmediatelyprecedinghisproposedappointmenthe hasbeensentenced-

(i) inSwaziland,inrespectofanoffence;or

(ii)outsideSwaziland,inrespectofconductwhich,ifcommittedinSwaziland, wouldhaveconstitutedanoffence;

toatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthansixmonthsimposedwithouttheoptionofafine,whetherornotanyportionhasbeensuspended,andhasnotreceivedafreepardon;or

(e) hehasbeenconvicted-

(i) inSwazilandofanoffenceinvolvingdishonesty;or

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(ii)outsideSwaziland,inrespectofanyconductwhich,ifcommittedinSwaziland, wouldhaveconstitutedanoffenceinvolvingdishonesty;

andsentencedtoafineofanyamountortoatermofimprisonmentofanyduration,whetherornot any part of the sentence has been suspended.

(2) Apersonwhois-

(a)amemberofParliament;or

(b)amemberoftwoormoreotherbodies;

shallnotbeappointedasamemberoftheBoardnorshallhebequalifiedtoholdofficeasamember.

Terms of office and conditions of service of members of Board

2. (1) Anappointedmembershallholdofficeforsuchperiod,notexceedingthreeyears,astheMinistermayfixatthetimeofhisappointment.

(2) Ontheexpiryoftheperiodforwhichanappointedmemberhasbeenappointedheshallcontinuetoholdofficeuntilhehasbeenre-appointedorhissuccessorhasbeenappointed:

Providedthatamembershallnotcontinuetoholdofficeintermsofthissubsectionformorethan six months.

(3) ApersonwhoceasestobeamemberoftheBoardshallbeeligibleforre-appointment.

(4)Members shall be paid such remuneration or allowances as the Minister may, inconsultationwiththeMinisterresponsibleforFinance,prescribe.

Vacation of office by appointed members

3. (1) Anappointedmembershallvacatehisofficeandhisofficeshallbecomevacant-

(a) onemonthafterthedatehegivesnoticeinwritingtotheMinisterofhisintention toresignhisofficeoraftertheexpiryofsuchotherperiodofnoticeasheandthe Ministermayagree;or

(b) onthedatehebeginstoserveasentenceofimprisonment,whetherornotany portionhasbeensuspended,imposedwithouttheoptionofafine-

(i) inSwaziland,inrespectofanoffence;or

(ii)outsideSwaziland,inrespectofconductwhich,ifcommittedinSwaziland, wouldhaveconstitutedanoffence;and

(c) ifhebecomesdisqualifiedintermsofsubparagraph(a),(b)or(c)ofsubparagraph(1)ofparagraph1orintermsofparagraph2ofthatparagraph;or

(d) ifheismentallyorphysicallyincapableofefficientlyexercisinghisfunctionsasa member.

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(2) TheMinisterontherecommendationoftheBoard,mayrequireanappointedmembertovacatehisoffice if theMinister is satisfied that thememberhasbeenabsentwithout theconsentofthechairmanoftheBoardfromthreeconsecutivemeetingsoftheBoard,ofwhichhehasbeengivenatleastsevendays’notice,andthattherewasnojustcauseforthemember’sabsence.

Filling of vacancies on Board

4. Withinthreemonthsafteranappointedmember’sdeathorvacationofoffice,theMinistermayappointapersontofillthevacancy.

Chairperson and vice-chairperson of Board

5. (1) TheMinistershalldesignateoneoftheappointedmembersaschairpersonandanotherappointedmemberasvice-chairpersonoftheBoard.

(2) Thechairpersonandvice-chairpersonoftheBoardmayatanytime,bywrittennoticetotheMinister,resigntheirofficesassuch.

(3) The vice-chairperson shall perform the functions of the chairperson whenever thechairpersonisunabletoperformthemortheofficeofthechairpersonisvacant.

Meetings and procedure of Board

6. (1) TheBoardshallholditsfirstmeetingonadateandplacefixedbytheMinister,andthereaftershallmeetforthedispatchofbusinessandadjourn,closeandotherwiseregulateitsmeetingsandproceduresasitthinksfit:

ProvidedthattheBoardshallmeetatleastfourtimesineachfinancialyear.

(2) ThechairpersonoftheBoard-

(a) mayconveneaspecialmeetingoftheBoardatanytime;and

(b) shallconveneaspecialmeetingoftheBoardonthewrittenrequestoftheMinister ornotfewerthanthreemembers,oftheBoard,whichmeetingshallbeconvenedfor adatenotsoonerthansevendaysnorlaterthanthirtydaysafterreceiptofsuch request.

(3)Writtennoticeof a specialmeeting convened in termsof subparagraph (2) shall besenttoeachmemberoftheBoardnotlaterthanforty-eighthoursbeforethemeetingandshallspecifythebusinessforwhichthemeetinghasbeenconvened.

(4) Nobusinessshallbediscussedataspecialmeetingconvenedintermsofsubsection(2)otherthan-

(a) suchbusinessasmaybedeterminedbythechairpersonoftheBoard,wherehe convenedthemeetingintermsofparagraph(a)ofsubparagraph(2);or

(b) thebusinessspecifiedintherequestforthemeeting,wherethechairpersonofthe Boardconvenedthemeetingintermsofparagraph(b)ofsubparagraph(2).

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(5) ThechairpersonoftheBoardor,inhisabsencethevice-chairperson,shallpresideatmeetingsoftheBoard:

Provided that, if the chairperson andvice-chairperson areboth absent fromanymeetingoftheBoard, thememberspresentmayelectoneoftheirnumbertopresideat thatmeetingaschairperson.

(6) AmajorityofmembersshallformaquorumatanymeetingoftheBoard.

(7) All acts,matters or things authorised or required to be done by the Boardmay bedecidedbyamajorityvoteatameetingoftheBoardatwhichaquorumispresent.

(8) AtallmeetingsoftheBoardeachmemberpresentshallhaveonevoteoneachquestionbeforetheBoard:

Providedthat-

(a) intheeventofanequalityofvotes,thechairpersonorpersonpresidingshallhave acastingvoteinadditiontohisdeliberativevote;

(b) nomembershalltakepartintheconsiderationordiscussionof,orvoteon,any questionbeforetheBoardwhichrelatestohisvacationofofficeasamember.

(9) AnyproposalcirculatedamongallmembersoftheBoardandagreedtobyamajorityofthemshallhavethesameeffectasaresolutionpassedatadulyconstitutedmeetingoftheBoardandshallbeincorporatedintheminutesofthenextsucceedingmeetingoftheBoard:

Provided that, ifamemberrequires thatanysuchproposalbeplacedbefore theBoard, thissubsection shall not apply to the proposal.

Staff of Board

7. (1) TheBoardshallappointonsuchtermsandconditionsasitthinksfit-

(a) aDirectorwhoshallberesponsiblefor-

(i) theefficientmanagementoftheactivities,fundsandpropertiesoftheBoard;

(ii) generalauthorityovertheconductanddisciplineoftheBoard’sstaff.

(b) suchnumberofinspectorsandotherofficersasitconsidersnecessarytocarryoutinspections and ensure the enforcement of this Act.

(2) TheBoardshallensurethateveryinspectorisprovidedwithadocumentidentifyinghim as an inspector.

(3) Inspectors and other officers shall exercise their functions under thisAct to ensurethroughmonitoring,that-

(a) thereisnoabuseorinfringementofthecopyrightorneighbouringrights;

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(b) restrictionsonimportationorexportationofcopiesofreservedworksoffolklore areobserved;and

(c) licensingprocedureofreservedworksoffolkloreareadheredto;and

(d) toensurethatcopyrightfeesfromusersofaworkarecollectedintime.

(4).Subjecttothisparagraph,aninspectormay,forpurposesofenforcingthisAct,atallreasonabletimesandwithoutwarrantorpreviousnotice-

(a) enteranyland,premise,vesselvehicleoranyotherplaceinSwazilandtodetermine whethertheprovisionsofthisActarebeingcompliedwith;

(b) takeorremovesamplesorarticlesforpurposesoftest:

Providedthattheowneroroccupierofanyland,premises,vessel,vehicleorotherplaceshallbenotifiedofanysamplessotakenorremoved;

(c) seizeanyarticleorotherthingwhichisbelievedtohavebeenusedinthecommission of an offence under this Act;

(d) requiretheproductionofand,inspect,examineormakecopiesofanylicence, recordsorotherdocumentsissuedorrequiredtobekeptintermsofthisAct.

(5).Thepowersofan inspectorundersubparagraph(a)ofsubparagraph(4)shallnotbeusedinrespectofanyplacethatisaprivatedwellingoranypartofaplacethatisdesignedtobeusedandisbeingusedasadwellingplaceexcept-

(a) withtheconsentoftheoccupierofthedwellingplace;or

(b) intermsofawarrantissuedintermsofsection50oftheCriminalProcedureand EvidenceAct,1938.

SECOND SCHEDULE(Section 78(5))

PROVISIONSAPPLICABLETOFINANCESRELATINGTOTHECOPYRIGHTANDNEIGHBOURINGRIGHTSSOCIETYOFSWAZILANDBOARD

ARRANGEMENTOFPARAGRAPHS

Paragraph

1.FundsoftheBoard.

2.InvestmentofmoneysnotimmediatelyrequiredbytheBoard.

3.FinancialyearofBoard.

4.Booksofaccountsandaudit.

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Funds of the Board

1. (1) TheBoardshallestablishageneralfundwhere-

(a) moneysreceivedbytheSocietyshallbedeposited;

(b) paymentsrequiredtobemadebytheSocietymaybeeffected.

(2) TheBoardmayinthedischargeofitsfunctionsandinaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsuponwhichitsfundsmayhavebeenobtainedorderived,chargetothegeneralfundall remunerations,allowances, salaries, fees,gratuities,workingexpensesandotherchargesproperly arising.

(3) ThereshallbeseedmoneywhichshallbeappropriatedtotheSocietybyParliament.

Investment of moneys not immediately required by Board

2. Moneysnot immediately requiredby theBoardmaybe invested in suchmanneras theBoardmayapprove.

Financial year of Board

3. ThefinancialyearoftheBoardshallbetheperiodoftwelvemonthsendingonthe31stMarchineachyear.

Books of accounts and audit

4. (1) TheBoardshallensurethat-

(a) properaccountsandotherrecordsrelatingtosuchaccountsarekeptinrelationto allthefinancialtransactions;and

(b) inrespectofeachfinancialyear-

(i) abalancesheet;and

(ii)astatementofthetransactionsreferredtoinparagraph(a);

are prepared without undue delay.

(2) TheaccountsoftheBoardshallbeauditedbytheAuditor-General,whoshallhaveallthe powers conferred upon him by sections 9 and 10 of the Audit Act, 2005 as though the assets oftheBoardwerepublicmoneysorStateproperty.