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Part 03 - fNIRS: mobile and high-density applications and multi-modal integration 1

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What are some examples of how NIRS is used today? 2

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Applications of NIRS

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4 NIRx subjects: Infants -> Adults NIRx NIRScaps are comfortable and conforming. Most end-users find it more comfortable than EEG, as it does not involve the use of any scalp abrasion, or heavy, gooey gel. Standard NIRScaps can be worn for several hours with minimal discomfort. Long-term monitoring caps are available upon request, with specialized components to increase comfort and reduce head fatigue.

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5 Flat probes for sensitive subjects The above picture shows a concurrent EEG/NIRS measurement. Use of our flat probes is ideal for subjects with sensitive skin or heads.

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6 Hyperscanning = Multi-subject measurements Multi-subject concurrent measurements have become increasingly popular lately. Peer group, parent-child, and other relationships are effectively quantifiable with the use of our hyperscanning setups.

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Hyperscanning = Multi-subject measurements Video of NIRx Hyperscanning Click to watch video!

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8 The NIRSport is connected to the Surface Tablet via a USB 2.0 connection. The two devices are put into the NIRSport backpack and the backpack is placed on the subject. Mobile NIRS - Key

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9 Wireless Multi-subject measurements WiFi Integrated Data NIRSport allows multi-subject measurements to be made wirelessly, integrating data from freely-moving subjects in real-world environments.

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fNIRS solutions on small animals We offer specialized stereotaxic holders for small rodent measurements.

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fNIRS solutions on small animals Freely-moving measurements may also be done on small animals.

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fNIRS solutions on large animals - Macaque NIRx offers an integrated hybrid atlas for NIRS studies on rhesus macaque monkeys.

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13 NIRS/EEG Concurrent Measurements NIRxs integrated EEG/NIRS solutions are numerous. Here we see integration with the NIRScoutX system and an active electrode EEG setup.

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Stimulation: Visual Auditory Tactile etc. Response SUBJECT NIRS Measurement USB Digital Interface: LPT (parallel) Port Data Acquisition Card 3rd Party Interface PC Bus Trigger Cable (4 or 8 lines) NIRStar records: NIRS Data Event markers EEG Amp Trigger Splitter (optional) 14 Synchronization of NIRS & EEG

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NIRS Source NIRS Detector NIRS Channel 15 Visual Study Example Integrated NIRS/EEG

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EEG electrode NIRS Source NIRS Detector NIRS Channel 16 NIRS and EEG Positions

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17 Single-Trial NIRS Response NIRS/EEG

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Oz O1 O2 18 Real-Time Block Average Display EEG channels

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19 Co-located NIRS-EEG

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20 Brain-Computer Interface with NIRS Streaming

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Fazli et al, Neuroimg. 2011 21 BCI Performance Improvement: EEG+HbO

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MNI AtlasSubject Atlas 22 NIRS-EEG Atlas

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Optical Coupling Solution An optical coupler is used for the active LED sources (NIRScout and NIRSport) and active detectors (NIRSport), so that there is no electrical interference from NIRS while using MRI, TMS, or MEG concurrently with NIRS. 23 Optical probes are used in place of their electrical counterparts for concurrent MRI, TMS, and MEG measurements with NIRS.

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Low profile optodes: TMS/fNIRS 24 NIRx offers low-profile optodes for specialized measurements, such as NIRS/TMS applications. Probe height is ~7mm.

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Magnet Room Source Current 25 fNIRS/fMRI Concurrent Measurement Layout LED-to-Fiber Coupler Detector Current The NIRx system and coupler are located outside the magnet room, with source and detector fibers going to and from the subject respectively. Fibers may be up to 10m in length.

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26 Portable fNIRS laboratories The NIRSport is lightweight and compact. It is easily setup in any environment, allowing researchers to meet subjects anywhere!

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27 Wearable NIRS Study while biking (Piper et al. Neuroimage 2013) The study exhibited the viability of the portable solution. The subject rode a bicycle while wearing a 16-probe NIRS system.

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Subject manual trigger Integrated event presentation earphones USB Software synchronization 1: Stimulus software 28 Portable/Wearable Triggers

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29 Where is NIRS headed in the future?

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30 Optical Tomography in the future The potential for NIRS in the future is immense. A few promising applications on the horizon include: underwater measurements, brain connectivity measurements, and consumer neurofeedback in everyday real-world environments. We see NIRS as a central point for growth in neuroscience in all these areas very soon!

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Thanks!... Questions? 31