Parenthetical Citations

Use and Formatting of Parenthetical Citations in

Research Writing

Parenthetical CitationsStudents will review the techniques for using parenthetical citations so that they can identify the correct format to use in a research paper. Students will know they have it when they can use parenthetical citations in their own research writing.

Must Use Parenthetical Citations

• ANY THING not from your brain has to be cited.

• ANY WORDS that aren’t your own have to be quoted and cited.

• ANY NUMBER or statistic or photo/graphic image must be cited.

• ANY TIME you use someone else’s thoughts and don’t cite them you are STEALING.

Format

• Conventions for Using Parenthetical Citations:

• The first element in the Works Cited citation [usually the author’s last name] and the page number of the cited material (if applicable). These two elements should be separated by a space, not by a comma or any other punctuation mark!

• Use parentheses to denote the citation within the text itself. The citation should include…

Works Cited Citation

• This is the citation as formatted by easybib or bibme.

• Keep in mind that these websites will only format the information you give them; they will not find all the information without your help. They will not spell or capitalize correctly without your help!

How They Fit “In-Text”

• “Quoted material” (“Article/Section Title”).

• Paraphrase: Paraphrased sentence / passage (“Article/Section Title”).

• Quote from a web source with duplicate article titles on the works cited page: (Web Name).

Pick the correct format

1. A. In "Death and Justice," Edward Koch, former

mayor of New York City argues that "life is precious, and . . . the death penalty helps to affirm this fact (857)."

B. In "Death and Justice," Edward Koch, former mayor of New York City, argues that "life is precious, and . . . the death penalty helps to affirm this fact" (857).

B In "Death and Justice," Edward Koch, former mayor of New York City, argues that "life is precious, and . . . the death penalty helps to affirm this fact" (857).

2. A. “Arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil" (Kingsolver 168).B. Kingsolver points out that "arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil" ( Kingsolver 168).

A.

“Arguing about whether nontraditional families deserve pity or tolerance is a little like the medieval debate about left-handedness as a mark of the devil" (Kingsolver 168).

A. “There is a Chinese word for the female, which is slave, " writes Maxine Hong Kingston (191). "Break the women with their own tongues!" (Kingston 191). She means that since women had no other word to use to refer to themselves than one meaning slave, they eventually lost any sense of dignity and independence they might once have had.

B. "There is a Chinese word for the female, which is slave, " writes Maxine Hong Kingston. "Break the women with their own tongues!" She means that since women had no other word to use to refer to themselves than one meaning slave, they eventually lost any sense of dignity and independence they might once have had (191).

A. “There is a Chinese word for the female, which is slave, " writes Maxine Hong Kingston (191). "Break the women with their own tongues!" (Kingston 191). She means that since women had no other word to use to refer to themselves than one meaning slave, they eventually lost any sense of dignity and independence they might once have had.

Multiple Citations

• Multiple Citations

• To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:

• . . . as has been discussed elsewhere (“Article Title”; “Article Title”).

Work Cited Sample

"Locomotion Engineer." College in Colorado. Colorado Department of

Education, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<https://secure.collegeincolorado.org/Career_Planning/Career_Profi le/

Career_Profile.aspx?id=2iishhMeydXVXEIdZiJOzQXAP3DPAXX

AP3DPAX>.

"Locomotion Engineer." Occupational Outlook Handbook. Version 2011. U.S.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

<http://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material- moving/railroad-

occupations.htm>.

Sample Body ParagraphSample Body Paragraph: (Double spaced, size 12 font.)

Due to the nature of work of a registered nurse, it is necessary to

accomplish the major duties that are expected. Preparing patient rooms, preparing

sterile instruments, and recording vital signs and patient’s information are all daily

routines (CollegeinColorado.org). Efficiency and responsibility are major key factors

in this daily routine. Technological influences are also acquired from advancements

and emerging specialties. “Some advancements include responsibility” (Mayo.edu).

Assistant-unit manager, head nurse, assistant director, and chief of nursing are all

advancements a registered nurse has the potential to gain (Occupational Outlook

Handbook). These many emerging specialties: surgery, neurology, intensive care,

emergency, obsterics, and gerontology are all branches and paths that can be taken

(CollegeinColorado.org). According to the nature of this work, there are many

choices in advancements and specialties of being a registered nurse.

Practice

Every parenthetical citation should come from the beginning of the ____________.

The period goes after the ____________.

What about paraphrasing? Summarizing?

What goes in between multiple citations?

When do you not have to use a parenthetical citation?