PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS:MINI-LESSON

TAKE NOTES PLEASE!

What is it?!

What other word do you see in “parenthetical”?

Parenthetical citations (also called “in-text” citations) give credit to the author when you use his/her work

Citing an author actually makes you look smarter. You’ll give the author credit by placing his/her last name inside 2 parenthesis

In English, this practice is good scholarship

Step 1

Take the information (fact/quote) you want to use

Put it in your paper

Step 2

Put quotation marks around it (like dialogue)

Fact I want to use in an article… Even though it’s illegal in India, over 200,000

child laborers are still working in dangerous coal mines.

Here’s how it’ll look in my paper… “Even though it’s illegal in India, over 200,000

child laborers are still working in dangerous coal mines.”

Step 3

Remove the period

“Even though it’s illegal in India, over 200,000 child labors are still working in dangerous coal

mines ”

Step 4 …

After the last quotation mark and before the period, insert the author’s last name and the page number inside a pair of parenthesis, separated by a comma

…dangerous coal mines” (Frey,

8)

Step 5 …

Put a period at the very end – outside the parenthesis.

…dangerous coal mines” (Frey,

8)

Recap of Parenthetical Citation

Step 1: Take the information you want

Step 2: Put quotation marks around it

Step 3: Take out the period

Step 4: Insert the author’s last name and page number inside 2 parenthesis, separated by a comma

Step 5: Place the period at the very end

Let’s see it in action!

I Google searched, and I found an article written by New York’s top engineer Richard Mora. Here’s a fact I liked…

___________________________________________________________________ 1. There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City.

(Now I want to put it in my paper)

2. “There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City.”

3. “There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City” 4. “There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City”

(Mora, 23)

5. “There are 722 miles of subway track in New York City” (Mora, 23).