PARENTAL AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTPresented by: Kimberly Glasgow-Charles2nd April, 2013

Objectives of the sessionAt the end of the session students should

be able to:1. Explain why school, family and

community partnerships are key to student learning and development

2. Identify types of partnership programs work best to support learning

3. Discuss ways to achieve effective school, family and community partnerships

A Personal Definition For the purpose of today’s conversation,

“Parent” or “Family” refers to anyone actively involved in raising and educating a child.

Community – a group of people living in the same area and sharing common values.

Parental Involvement

Parental Involvement The importance of parental

involvement as an accelerating and motivating factor in their children’s education is a worldwide-accepted fact.

Parental Involvement Parent involvement is a process, not a

program of activities. It requires ongoing energy and effort.

Parent involvement requires a vision, policy, and framework. A consensus of understanding is important.

Parental involvement The parent is the central contributor to a

child’s education. Schools can either ignore this fact or recognize the potential of the parent.

Parent involvement must be a legitimate element of education. It deserves equal emphasis with elements such as program improvement and evaluation.

Parental Involvement Parents’ interaction with their own

children is the cornerstone of parent involvement. A program must recognize the value, diversity, and difficulty of this role.

Most barriers to parent involvement are found within school practices. They are not found with parents.

Parental Involvement Any parent can be “hard to reach.”

Parents must be identified and approached individually; they are not defined by gender, ethnicity, family situation, education, or income.

Successful parent involvement nurtures relationships and partnerships. It strengthens bonds between home and school, parent and teacher, parent and school, school and community.

Parental Involvement Parent involvement programs that

are effective in engaging diverse families recognize, respect, and address cultural and class differences.

Parental Involvement Di Natale (2002) posits that one of

the most accurate predictors of achievement in school is the extent to which parents believe that they can be key resources in their children’s education and become involved at school and in the community.

Learning at home – parents as first and ongoing educators of children

Partnership – home and school working together to the growth and development of children

Representation – parents views must be represented.

Elements of Parental Involvement

Joyce Epstein’s Six Levels of Parent Involvement1. Parenting - Help all families establish home environments to support

children as students

2. Communication - Design effective forms of school-to-home and home-to-school communications about school programs and children’s progress

3. Volunteering - Recruit and organize parent help and support

4. Learning at Home - Provide information and ideas about how to help students at home with homework and other curriculum-related activities, decisions, and planning

5. Decision Making - Include parents in school decisions, developing parent leaders and representatives

6. Collaborating with Community - Identify and integrate resources and services from the community to strengthen school programs, family practices, and student learning and development

Outdated Thinkingon Parent Involvement

Parents should come to school only when invited;

Stay-at-home mothers serve as “homeroom mothers”;

Parents visit school mainly for children’s performances and open houses;

Parents help raise money for school.

What are the Benefits? More positive attitudes toward school; Higher achievement, better attendance,

and more homework completed consistently;

Higher graduation rates and enrollment rates in post-secondary education;

Better schools to attend.

Benefits for Parents Greater knowledge of education

programs and how schools work; Knowledge of how to be more supportive

of children; Greater confidence about ways to help

children learn; More positive view of teachers; and, Greater empowerment.

Benefits for School Staff Greater teaching effectiveness; Higher expectations of students; Increased ability to understand family

views and cultures; Greater appreciation of parent

volunteers; and, Improved morale.

Benefits for Communities: Greater strength; Greater impact of services through

comprehensive, integrated approach; Increased access to services for families.

Barriers to Involvement Lack of a school environment that

supports parent/family involvement; School practices that do not accommodate

the diversity of family needs; Child care constraints; Families’ past negative experiences with

schools and/or feelings of uncertainty about “treading on school territory.”

Barriers to Parental Involvement Cultural differences (language barriers,

attitudes toward professionals, lack of knowledge of the education system);

Primacy of basic needs (food, clothing, and shelter take precedence over educational needs);

Barriers to Parental Involvement Feelings of inadequacy associated with

difference in income or education; Safety, especially in inner-city school

neighborhoods; Uncertainty about what to do; and, Lack of time.

What kinds of activities motivate and attract sustained parent commitment?

Educational seminars and awareness sessions on much needed community services/basic needs support

Happy, friendly, respectful environments Literacy-rich schools, classrooms,

programs Culturally competent and culturally

sensitive activities and events Organized and prepared activities Parent Child Interactive Literacy (PCIL) Helpful and supportive faculty and staff

Activities to motivate and attract parents

Fun, innovative, and playful activities Information that is relevant to

families Activities that allow parents to

facilitate and share strengths and skills

Opportunities to share and network with other parents

Opportunities that provide parents ample and appropriate notification before event

Activities that provide user friendly and easy to do examples that can be repeated at home

Ten Truths of Parental Involvement

All parents have hopes and goals for their children. They differ in how they support their children’s efforts to achieve those goals.

The home is one of several areas that simultaneously influence a child. The school must work with people in the other areas for the child’s benefit.

100 Ways The brochure, “100 Ways for Parents to

be Involved in Their Child’s Education” is available from the National PTA; http://www.pta.org/ Based on the National Standards for

Parent/Family Involvement Programs.

Family and Community Involvement

Family and Community Involvement Family involvement is important through

all years of a child’s education. Family involvement takes many forms

and may not require a family’s presence at school.

Families, schools, and communities are closely interconnected and must collaborate in educating children.

Family & Community Involvement School leaders and staff need support

and training in how to encourage family involvement.

One size does not fit all when developing school-family partnerships.

Change takes time and building successful partnerships requires much effort over time.

How can we achieve effective school, family, and community partnerships?

Components of effective partnership

To partner: Implies a relationship, frequently between two people, in which each has equal status and a certain independence but also implicit or formal obligations to the other or others.

Effective programs to engage families and community embrace a philosophy of partnership. The responsibility for children’s educational development is a shared, collaborative enterprise among parents, school staff, and community members.

The keys to building partnerships:

When programs and initiatives focus on building trusting and respectful relationships among school staff, families, and community members, these programs are effective in creating and sustaining meaningful partnerships.

Parental & Community Involvement

Programs that successfully connect with families and community invite involvement, are welcoming, and address specific parental and community needs.

The Joining Process Welcoming

Honoring

Connecting

Welcoming

Families are made to feel at home, comfortable, and a part of the school community.

Honoring

Family members are respected, validated and affirmed for any type of involvement or contribution they make.

ConnectingSchool staff and families put children at the center and connect on education issues of common interest designed to improve educational opportunities for the children.

Putting the Findings into Action

Work with school staff to broaden the definition of family and community engagement.

Adopt the attitude that all families are involved in their children’s education and want guidance in their efforts to support children’s learning.

Encourage staff to implement both in-school away-from-school initiatives.

Link All Efforts to Engage Families, Whether Based at School or in the Community, to Student Learning.

Implement initiatives that focus on building relationships with families and community members.

• Past experiences• Time• Transportation• Location• Translation

Recognize and Address Barriers

Bridge Class and Cultural Differences

• Understand your own cultural context• Share cultural traditions and norms• Create small, friendly settings• Invite families and community members

to tell their education stories• Ask families about their expectations for

their children

•Plan how families want to be engaged•Consult all families about policies•Involve families in action research

Embrace Partnership and Share Power

Embrace Partnership and Share Power, cont.

• Provide access to principal and staff• Facilitate connections to community

groups• Invite families to staff training

Build Social and Political Connections

Support families involvement in decision-making

Promote families’ connections with each other, school staff and community groups

Invite officials to school to respond to families’ concerns

Give families information about how the system works

See families and communities as having valuable assets versus liabilities

Acknowledge the knowledge base of families

Conduct an asset map, not just a needs assessment, of the community

Joining activities: short term

Provide good signage for visitors outside and inside the school building.

Greet visitors to the front office in a way that is family friendly.

Set up a open door policy that meets the needs of families and staff

Ask families what supports they need to help with children’s learning – conduct a needs assessment.

Make “good news” phone call home to families at least once a month about a child’s progress.

Have events in places other than at school – churches, community centers, etc.

Short term, cont. Provide tips for parents on reading in math

in newsletters, report cards, magnets, book bags.

Have “Ask the Principal” events for parents.

Provide a “family suggestion box.” Respond to all suggestions.

Create a list of questions for parents and teachers to follow for effective and meaningful parent/teacher conferences

Plan frequent meetings and activities.

Joining activities – long term Increase to at least four times per year

the number of times that families get to interact with school staff.

Conduct home visits (discretion) designed to welcome families to the school and begin relationship of partnership between families and staff.

Have workshops for families on topics that they have identified from your needs assessment: computer classes, helping with homework, using the Internet, understanding new policies. Conduct Parent/Teacher/Student conferences

Parents and Community members are more likely to become involved when they:

Understand that they SHOULD be involved

Feel CAPABLE of making a contribution Feel INVITED by the school and their

children

Why Partnership?

Research Parental Involvement is an evidence-

based practice or BEST Practice. http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Fin

al_Parent_Involvement_Fact_Sheet_14732_7.pdf

New Trends Schools that have been the most

successful in involving families look beyond traditional definitions to a broader view that considers parents/families as full partners in the education of their children.

These schools view children’s learning as a shared responsibility among everyone involved in the child’s education.

Research Finding:

Home-School Partnerships: There is a positive and convincing relationship between family involvement and benefits for students, including improved academic achievement. This relationship holds across families of all economic, racial/ethnic, and educational backgrounds and for students at all ages.

Research finding Research demonstrates that parent/

family involvement significantly contributes to improved student outcomes.

Everyone -- students, parents, teachers, administrators, and communities -- benefits from family involvement.

Research findings: The most promising opportunity for

student achievement occurs when families, schools, and community organizations work together.

To be effective, school programs must be individualized to fit the needs of the students, parents, and community.

Activity1. What have I learnt from this session?2. How has the session influenced my

attitudes towards parental/family/community involvement and partnership?

3. How do I intend to use the information to inform my practice (what aspect(s) I will implement)?

POINTS TO NOTE You are to respond to the three questions

on SLIDE 60 (ACTIVITY). Forward your responses to the tutorskimgcharles@gmail.comarlenecelestine.modeste@gmail.com Your response will serve as a record of

your attendance to this session.

THE END

Thank you for participating!