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LD/ADHD Initiative Executive Functions Series:
Wiki
https://ldadhd.wikispaces.hcpss.org/
Banner Question “How do we support the
classroom teacher delivering best practices in instruction and behavioral intervention for students with learning and/or behavioral needs?”
Outcomes
• Understand the creation of the Executive Functions Modules
• Learn the definition of executive functions• Identify characteristics of executive functions • Develop awareness of the development of
executive skills• Review definitions of learning disabilities,
ADHD and autism
Anticipation Guide Answer True (T) or False (F) to the following statements: 1. Students finish developing executive functions around age 12.
2. Executive functions are controlled by the parietal lobe of the brain.
3. Executive skills can be taught or strengthened.
4. Executive dysfunction is present only in students with disabilities.
5. Meta-cognition is a necessary component of executive functioning.
Level of Impact Evidence Training Method
Awareness Articulate a general concept
Stand and deliver
Conceptual understanding
Clearly articulate a concept
Modeling/
Demonstration
Skill acquisition Use skills in structured setting
Practice in simulated situation with feedback
Application of skills Flexibly use skills Real cases with coaching
Model For Adult LearningJoyce & Showers, 1980,1992
Rosenfield & Gravois,1996
Executive functions can be defined as… a collection of processes
that are responsible for guiding, directing and managing cognitive,
emotional and behavioral functions, particularly during novel problem
solving.
Executive functions can be defined as… a collection of processes
that are responsible for guiding, directing and managing cognitive,
emotional and behavioral functions, particularly during novel problem
solving.
Definition of Executive Functions
Executive skills develop…
through a process called myelination. Myelin acts as insulation for nerves, increasing the speed with which nerve impulses are transmitted. The faster the impulse, the better the skill.
All skills, including executive skills, improve with practice…
The more you practice, the better the skill. Practice also makes the task less effortful.
Source: Weintraub et al. (2011)
Birth
Age (Years)
50 70 80
Ski
ll pr
ofic
ienc
y
3 5 15 25 3010
Development of Executive Functions
Students may have weaknesses in one or more executive functions but not have a disability.
Executive skills are not typically fully developed until the age of 25.
Until executive skills are fully developed in students, parents and teachers act as
“surrogate” frontal lobes.
Three primary ways to develop executive skills:
1. Change the environment to reduce the impact of weak executive skills.
2. Teach and model executive skills.
3. Use incentives to get students to use skills that are hard for them.
Executive Functions serve as a Cognitive Conductor
The conductor or “master control” for all higher order and basic information processing.
The brain’s master control and command system.
Do you know your executive functions?
In groups of 2-3, match the nine executive functions with their definitions.
What is a Learning Disability?
• Brain 'processes' information differently
• Certain kinds of information get stuck or lost while traveling through the brain.
• Causes a 'discrepancy' between ability and achievement.
What is Autism?
“Developmental disability that impacts development in the areas of
• verbal and non-verbal communication• social interactions• leisure or play activities”
What is ADHD?
Characterized by developmentally inappropriate
• inattention
• impulsivity
• hyperactivity
What are your executive functions
strengths and weaknesses?
1. Complete the EF questionnaire.
1. Did your results match what you thought were your strengths & weaknesses?
1. Think-Pair-Share: How might this impact your work with teachers and/or students?
Anticipation Guide Answer True (T) or False (F) to the following statements: 1. Students finish developing executive functions around age 12.
2. Executive functions are controlled by the parietal lobe of the brain.
3. Executive skills can be taught or strengthened.
4. Executive dysfunction is present only in students with disabilities.
5. Meta-cognition is a necessary component of executive functioning.