PARAWAI FOREST - Microsoft...PARAWAI FOREST For the period 2013 / 2018 Owned by HEREWAHINE TRUST Forest Management Plan Prepared by Sally Haddon PO Box 1127 | ROTORUA T: 07 921 …

PARAWAI FOREST

For the period 2013 / 2018

Owned by HEREWAHINE TRUST

Forest Management Plan

Prepared by Sally Haddon PO Box 1127 | ROTORUA

T: 07 921 1010 | F: 07 921 1020 [email protected] | www.pfolsen.com

JANUARY 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN FSCGS04 PARAWAI FOREST

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4

Growing wood ............................................................................................................................. 4 Principles and Criteria ................................................................................................................. 4 About this Plan ............................................................................................................................ 4

2. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES................................................................................................ 5

Environmental and economic services ........................................................................................ 5 Management objectives ............................................................................................................... 5 Implementation ............................................................................................................................ 6

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................. 7

3. FOREST LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 7

Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Location and access ..................................................................................................................... 7 Topography ................................................................................................................................. 7 Soils ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Legal ownership .......................................................................................................................... 8 The ecological landscape............................................................................................................. 8 Protective Status .......................................................................................................................... 8

4. MAP 1 - FOREST LOCATION MAP ........................................................................................ 9

5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE AND ADJACENT LAND .................................................... 10

Forest history ............................................................................................................................. 10 Current social profile ................................................................................................................. 10 Associations with Tangata Whenua .......................................................................................... 10 Neighbours ................................................................................................................................ 10

6. THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 11

Regulatory considerations ......................................................................................................... 11 Resource Management Act ....................................................................................................... 11 District Plan ............................................................................................................................... 11 Regional Plan ............................................................................................................................ 12 ...continued ................................................................................................................................ 13 Consents & authorities held ...................................................................................................... 14 The Emissions Trading Scheme ................................................................................................ 15 Other relevant legislation .......................................................................................................... 15

FOREST MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 17

7. FOREST ESTATE DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 17

Forest area ................................................................................................................................. 17 Current species .......................................................................................................................... 17 Species mix ............................................................................................................................... 17 Site index ................................................................................................................................... 17 Current crop status .................................................................................................................... 18 Age class distribution ................................................................................................................ 18



8. RESERVE AREAS AND SIGNIFICANT SPECIES ............................................................... 19

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 19 Reserve areas ............................................................................................................................. 19 Rare and threatened species ...................................................................................................... 21

9. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS AND OTHER SPECIAL VALUES .......................... 22

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 22 Non-timber forest products ....................................................................................................... 22 Other special values .................................................................................................................. 22 Recreational usage ..................................................................................................................... 22

10. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PRACTICES ................................................................. 23

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 23 Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Environmental management goals ............................................................................................ 23 The EMS framework ................................................................................................................. 24 Hazardous substances management .......................................................................................... 27

11. COMMERCIAL CROP ESTABLISHMENT AND SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS ....... 28

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 28 Crop species .............................................................................................................................. 28 Other species ............................................................................................................................. 28 Establishment ............................................................................................................................ 28 Pre-establishment forest flora and fauna .................................................................................. 29 Tending ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Tree nutrition ............................................................................................................................. 29

12. FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS ........................................... 30

Pre-assessment .......................................................................................................................... 30 Quality control........................................................................................................................... 30 Mid-crop inventory ................................................................................................................... 31 Pre-harvest inventory ................................................................................................................ 31 Mapping .................................................................................................................................... 31 Mapping updates ....................................................................................................................... 32 Forest records ............................................................................................................................ 32

13. HARVESTING STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS ................................................................ 33

Harvesting strategy .................................................................................................................... 33 Getting harvest ready ................................................................................................................ 34

14. PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ............................................................. 35

Statutory pest obligations .......................................................................................................... 35 Disease control .......................................................................................................................... 36 Protected ecosystems, reserves and species .............................................................................. 37 Fire prevention and control ....................................................................................................... 37 Forest management requirements .............................................................................................. 38 Fire authority responsibilities .................................................................................................... 38 Fire insurance ............................................................................................................................ 39 Public liability insurance ........................................................................................................... 39



15. MONITORING ......................................................................................................................... 40

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 40 Values monitored ...................................................................................................................... 40 Financial .................................................................................................................................... 41 Social ......................................................................................................................................... 41

16. FUTURE PLANNING .............................................................................................................. 42

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 42 Operation plans ......................................................................................................................... 42

APPENDIX 1: BOPRC RPMS PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST SPECIES ........................................... 43 APPENDIX 2: VASCULAR PLANTS PRESENT WITHIN PARAWAI WETLAND (BEADEL ET AL 2003)44 APPENDIX 3: INITIAL PHOTO MONITORING PHOTOS IN PARAWAI FOREST ...................... 47

© PF OLSEN LTD

All rights reserved.

All rights of copying, publication, storage, transmission and retrieval in whole or part by any means and for all purposes except for bona fide copying by the entity that commissioned this report, as set out on the title page, are reserved.

JANUARY 2013 INTRODUCTION Page 4


1. INTRODUCTION

Growing wood Wood has many different uses, from firewood to construction timber, to

newspapers and tissue paper, from furniture to clothing. Wood fibre is extremely versatile and is produced using carbon dioxide and the energy of the sun. Wood from well managed forests is a renewable resource that can meet the economic, social and cultural needs of our society without compromising the environment. Herewahine Trust�s objective is to grow wood for further processing in

New Zealand or overseas and obtain an economic return on investment. Herewahine Trust seeks to achieve this through the growing of suitable species with wood characteristics that meet the demand of the market. The trees are established, protected and tended as required to meet those demands.

Principles and Criteria

Herewahine Trust is committed to adopt the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and to meet their Criteria and the FSC standards of good forest management. These standards include ecological, social and economic parameters. Herewahine Trust is committed to the PF Olsen FSC Group Scheme that is implemented through the Group Scheme Member Manual and associated documents.

About this Plan This document provides a summary of the forest management plan and

contains:

Management objectives;

A description of the land and forest resources;

Environmental safeguards;

Identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species;

Rationale for species selection, management regime and harvest plan and techniques to be used;

Appropriate management of unstocked reserve areas;

Maps showing plantation area, legal boundaries and protected areas;

Provisions for monitoring and protection.

JANUARY 2013 Management Objectives Page 5


2. Management Objectives

Environmental and economic services

Parawai Forest can provide environmental benefits, including:

Enhanced water quality;

Soil, stabilisation and conservation;

Providing a buffer against flooding during storms;

Shading waterways for aquatic life;

Enhance wildlife and plant habitat leading to increased biodiversity;

A reduction in greenhouse gases;

Providing economic and social benefits to the community and Herewahine Trust.

Some forest operations and events such as wind storms, flooding and fire, and agents such as pests and diseases, and weeds can cause adverse effects on both the forest and the environmental, economic and social services it provides.

Management objectives

The forest is managed to:

Grow trees and produce logs for the manufacturing of different wood products in New Zealand and overseas with a focus on high value pruned logs.

Ensure that the productivity of the land does not decline;

Ensure that environmental values are identified and maintained;

Ensure that historic sites are identified and protected;

Ensure that other forest values and products are identified, protected and where possible enhanced;

Harvest the trees as close as possible to their economic optimum age; and

Replant following harvesting.

Herewahine Trust is committed to ensure that the management of the forest is sustainable, from an environmental, social, cultural and economic perspective. These perspectives underpin the FSC management culture.

Continued on next page...

JANUARY 2013 Management Objectives Page 6


...continued Environmental management includes steps to identify rare, threatened

and endangered species where such presence is a possibility, protection of reserve areas, waterways and the control of pests and weeds. The social perspective includes ensuring that contractors and their workers adhere to health and safety standards and consultation with neighbours and stakeholders in respect of operations on the forest. The cultural perspective includes consultation with the appropriate iwi to ensure that culturally significant resources lands, historic and archaeological sites are identified and appropriately managed. The economic perspective refers to the selection of a species, management and harvesting regime, which provides a reasonable return on investment while minimising the risks of this investment.

Implementation The forest management objectives described above are implemented by

PF Olsen Ltd (PF Olsen), the forest manager for Parawai Forest. The manager applies recognised best forestry management practice within a quality management framework to plan for and deliver the required forest management objectives. The Quality management framework includes:

The PF Olsen ISO 9001 certified forest management system, ensuring that the forest management planning is up to date and that operations are scheduled and undertaken according to the plan.

The PF Olsen ISO 14001 certified environmental management system, ensuring that high standards of environmental management are recognised and integrated into every facet of the forest planning and management.

The FSC Environmental certification (when requested by the customer) to ensure management principles and practice adhere to internationally recognised and adopted standards for environmental management.

JANUARY 2013 Forest Landscape Description Page 7


Operating Environment

3. Forest Landscape Description

Overview This section describes the physical and legal attributes of the land on

which the forest is located. Included in this section are discussions of:

Location and access Topography Soils Climate Legal ownership and tenure

Location and access

Parawai Forest is located off Johns Road, which in turn is located to the east off Braemar Road in Te Teko. Internal forest roads provide access to all parts of the forest. The location of the forest in relation to potential markets is listed in the table below and shown in Map 1 (on page 9). Table 1: Distances from Forest to Log Markets

Potential Market Distance from Forest (km) Log market or Export Port

Mount Maunganui 80 Export

Te Puke 60 Domestic

Kawerau 15 Pulp

Topography The topography of the forestland is flat to rolling.

Ground based log extraction methods will be utilised at harvesting. Altitude is around 20m above sea level.

Soils The Rangitaiki Plains are a recent alluvial floodplain for the Whakatane,

Rangitaiki and Tarawera Rivers. Alluvial, poorly drained peat, sandy, free draining volcanic ash, rhyolitic ash and brown sandy ash are all soils found in the Te Teko area. Most soils are poor draining with a thin cover of Tarawera ash and gravel. This ash � gravel layer thickens southward. Those soils with alluvial material are prone to flooding.

JANUARY 2013 Forest Landscape Description Page 8


Climate

Rainfall: The average rainfall at nearby Edgecumbe is about 1,400mm and is relatively evenly distributed during the year. Temperature: The mean annual temperature is around 14.2 degrees Celsius.

Legal ownership The legal description of the land on which the forest is situated is:

Te Parawai Block M.L. 19771 Blk V Rangitaiki Upper S.D. Hamilton Land District. CT 10B/798 Allot 337 338 & 339 Parish of Matata Lot 1 DPS 12951 Blk V Rangitaiki S.D. Hamilton Land District

The tenure is freehold.

The ecological landscape

The Te Teko District is a floodplain for the Tarawera, Rangitaiki and Whakatane rivers, and thus in pre-human times contained extensive freshwater wetlands. Minor forest areas were scattered throughout the wetland matrix. With the arrival of European settlers, many of the wetlands were drained and bush land burnt and cleared for use in agriculture. In more recent times, drainage and modification has extended to most areas in the district, and intensive agriculture and horticulture has flourished. Today, less than 4% of the historic wetland area remains, which is equivalent to less than 1% of the total present day landcover. The total area of the Te Teko Ecological District is 33,367 ha. Indigenous vegetation equates to approximately 3% of current day landcover within the district. This can be split out into Department of Conservation land at 1.2% and privately owned land at 1.8%.

Protective Status The following table shows vegetation types as required by the Draft

National Standard for Plantation Forest Management in New Zealand. Table 2: Protective Status of the Ecological Landscape

Ecological District Te Teko ED Area Original (pre-Maori) percentage of ecosystem type in Ecological District within land title:

100% 33,367 ha

Natural ecosystem area remaining 7.2% 2,402 ha Proportion of remaining natural ecosystem under protection: 93.7% 2,251 ha Protection by certificate holder 0.2% 151 ha Protected areas as a % of forest area 50.1% Protected areas as a % of management estate in the Te Teko ED 46.4%

JANUARY 2013 Map 1 - Forest Location Map Page 9


4. Map 1 - Forest Location Map

JANUARY 2013 Socio-economic profile and adjacent land Page 10


5. Socio-economic profile and adjacent land

Forest history Parawai Forest is in its second rotation under PF Olsen management.

The last rotation was felled in 1993 with the current rotation planted in the same year.

Current social profile

The predominant land use within the Te Teko District is pastoral farming in addition to horticulture. Forestry plantings are scattered throughout the province. The contribution of Parawai Forest to the local workforce and economy is not significant, owing to its size and scale within the district.

Associations with Tangata Whenua

Ngāti Awa claims that prior to 1866 they asserted te tino rangatiratanga over the area of land that Parawai Forest falls upon. No specific values to iwi are known within Parawai Forest.

Neighbours Neighbours to the forest estate boundaries have a special interest in the

management of the forest. Activities within the forest may positively or negatively impact upon their quality of life or businesses in a number of ways, while inappropriately managed operations could create risks of adverse health, safety and environmental hazards. Neighbours may use the forests for recreational purposes or place reliance on the forests for provision of water quality or quantity services. Boundary issues such as weed and pest control, access and boundary alignment issues may also involve neighbours. The following table lists the forest neighbours and their primary activities. Some or all of these parties should be consulted when operations are proposed in forest areas adjacent to their boundaries. Table 3: Forest Neighbours

Owner/Occupier Contact # Location (See

Location Map) Activities

Whakatane District Council

07 306 0500 River side Council reserve and Queens Chain

Doug and Teresa Bull, Johns Road Farms Limited

07 322 8280 Western and southern boundary

Dairy farming

JANUARY 2013 The Regulatory Environment Page 11


6. The Regulatory Environment

Regulatory considerations

In order to minimise the risk to forest owners, managers and contractors, it is important that relevant legislation and agreements are identified and appropriate measures put in place to ensure that breaches of legislation are avoided. The following legislation and agreements summarise key regulatory and voluntary controls that currently apply to forest operations in the forest.

Resource Management Act

Parawai Forest is subject to the provisions of the Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991. The RMA sets up a resource management system that promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources and is now the principal statute for the management of land, water, soil and other resources in New Zealand. Under the RMA, Parawai Forest falls under the Whakatane District Council (WDC) for land management issues and the Bay of Plenty Regional Council (BoPRC) for soil conservation and water quality issues.

District Plan Parawai Forest falls under the jurisdiction of the Whakatane District

Council. The current plan was made operative on 15th October 2012. The table below outlines relevant rules from the Whakatane District Plan. Table 4: District Plan rules as they affect forestry

Rule Ref Status Activity requirement 4.2.15.1 Permitted Noise: equipment is operated/ maintained to manufacturer�s specifications,

seasonal or intermittent basis (e.g. harvesting). 4.3.2.1 Permitted Harvesting: Pre harvesting, council to receive plan of fire plan, location of

access roads or fire breaks. 4.3.2.3 Permitted Planting: No planting within 30 meters of:

i) Any place of assembly, dwelling; or ii) A property zoned rural 4 (Settlement) or residential zone boundary;

or iii) A boundary of a lot which is 5,000 m2 or less in an area.




Regional Plan

The forest comes under the jurisdiction of Bay of Plenty Regional Council (BoPRC) as the Regional Council. The Regional Air Plan with amendments became operative on the 1st August 2012. The table below details the rules related to Parawai Forest. Table 4: Regional Air Plan rules as they affect forestry

Rule Ref

Status Requirement- Bay of Plenty Regional Air Plan

5.6.1. Rule 5

Permitted Open Burning where no particulate deposition, smoke or odour beyond the boundary or into water. Best management practises adhered to and any fire permits applied for.

5.6.1.11 Permitted Non-motorised Agrichemicals application: Subject to conditions. 5.6.1.12 Permitted Agrichemical application by aircraft: Subject to conditions. Extra conditions

within 200m of neighbour�s boundary. 5.6.1.13 Permitted Agrichemicals application by other application methods. Subject to conditions.

Extra conditions within 50m of neighbours boundary 5.6.1.14 Permitted Unsealed roads: discharge of particulates


...continued 4.2.1.2 Permitted Planting: Planted trees do not shade any part of an adjoining property for the

entire period between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm on 21 June in any year, unless: i) The topography of the land already prevents direct access to sunlight

at this time; or ii) There is a written agreement with the affected landowner lodged

with the Whakatane District Council in which case the shading may occur to the extent of the agreement; or

iii) The trees are a replanting for others that were lawfully existing and which will not increase the density or height at maturity of the trees being replaced; or

iv) The trees are deciduous. 4.1.2.1 Permitted Earthworks: subject to traffic movement associated with earthworks are

safely managed in accordance with the Traffic Management Handbook 2002.



...continued The Land and Water Plans were made operative on the 1st of December

2008. The rules as they affect Parawai are in the table below.

Table 5: Regional Land and Water Plan rules as they affect forestry

Rule Ref Status Requirement- Regional Water and Land Plan 9.2.1. Permitted Earthworks: NOT permitted in erosion hazard zone, riparian

management zone and slopes greater than 35 degrees. On < 25 ° no >

volume than 5,000 m3. Steeper slopes, 500 m 3 exposed and 500 m 2 area. Subject to additional conditions.

9.2.3 Permitted Vegetation Clearance on slopes 0-35 degrees: Not in the Erosion Hazard Zone, Coastal Margin, Riparian Management Zone, or an ephemeral flowpath. Clearance of exotic pest species permitted. Limits of clearance of vegetation within riparian management zones contained in table 31.

9.2.4 Permitted Harvesting and earthworks: Rules differ on if accredited or not accredited. Restriction on Non accredited of < 500 m2 and 500 m3 within 12 months. See additional rules.

9.2.5 Permitted Clearance of Vegetation by Burning: Undertaken using best management practices to ensure that burns are of low intensity and avoid loss of soil structure and nutrients. Subject to additional conditions. Permitted limits in table 34.

9.5 Rule 20 Permitted Application of Fertiliser: No direct discharge to waterways, avoid run off, stored properly and at applied at appropriate time, rate and volume. Must comply with Operative Bay of Plenty Air Plan (see below).

9.5 Rule 21 Permitted Application of Agri-chemicals: No direct discharge to waterways and complies with Operative Bay of Plenty Regional Air Plan (see below).

9.5 Rule 30 Permitted Discharge of stormwater: Subject to sediment control and quality of discharges.

9.10.1 Rule 51A

Permitted Maintenance of existing structures in streams/ rivers/ lakes: Subject to conditions.

9.10.1 Rule 59

Permitted Culverts: Culverts: Use, erection, reconstruction, placement on or under bed of river / stream / lake subject to conditions.

9.11.1. Rule 59

Permitted Culverts in low risk areas (not wetlands or land drainage canals) , subject to conditions.

9.11.1 Rule 60

Permitted Single Span Bridges: Over the bed of a river, stream, or lake, subject to structural conditions in rule.

9.11.1 Rule 62

Permitted Fords: Use, erection, construction, placement, alteration or extension of a ford in, or on the bed of a river, stream, or lake, subject to conditions.

9.12 Rule 84 Permitted Wetland Disturbance: Minor disturbance of vegetation in wetlands associated with cable logging subject to conditions.

For the activities that are permitted they are nevertheless subject to meeting conditions. These conditions must be known and must be followed otherwise prosecution under the RMA is possible.



Historical and Archaeological Sites

Under the Historic Places Act 1993 it is the landowner�s responsibility to identify any historic sites on their land prior to undertaking any work which may disturb or destroy such sites. Records of archaeological and historical places are maintained in the NZ Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme http://www.archsite.org.nz/ .

There are a number of archaeological sites identified on the property as shown in the table below.

Table 6: Known archaeological sites in Parawai Forest NZAA ID

Site period Description

V15/127 Indigenous pre-1769

Pa site with a long narrow platform, a ring ditch defence and a lagoon to the north

V15/48 Colonial 1840-1900

Musket trenches

V15/49 Indigenous pre-1769

Ring ditch pa with a very steep scarp defence to south

V15/50 Colonial 1840-1900

Musket trenches

If a site is found or suspected on any block, the protocols specified in PF Olsen�s EMS, and any others specifically developed in conjunction

with HPT and Iwi or other stakeholders must be observed. Where such circumstances require, an �Authority to Modify or Destroy� will be sought from HPT. Such authorities are similar in function to a resource consent and, if granted, normally come with conditions that must be met. The process to apply for authorities is documented in PF Olsen�s EMS. Note also that Authorities to modify an archaeological site may sometimes be required from the local District Council and sites of cultural significance are often included in schedules of places and sites of significance in District Plans. Update checks for any sites will be required before any harvesting or related earthworks commences.

Consents and authorities held

There are no current resource consents or HPT authorities that apply to Parawai Forest.



The Emissions Trading Scheme

Forests in New Zealand are governed by rules related to New Zealand�s

Kyoto commitments to reduce the nation�s carbon footprint and contribution to associated climate change. Parawai Forest contains 21.7 hectares of forest that was existing forest as at 31st December 1989. At the time of harvest, these stands will be subject to a deforestation tax equivalent to the tonnes of CO2 projected to be released from decomposition of the forest at a unit financial value determined by the internationally traded emission units. This tax is payable if the forest is not replanted or, if left to regenerate naturally, does not achieve the regulated heights and stocking densities.

Other relevant legislation

Other relevant legislation in relation to the growing and harvesting of the tree crop are: Animal Welfare Act 1999.

Biosecurity Act 1993.

Climate Change Response Act 2002.

Conservation Act 1987.

Crown Forest Assets Act 1989.

Fencing Act 1978.

Forests Act 1949.

Forest and Rural Fires Act 1977.

Forests Amendment Act 1993.

Forestry Rights Registration Act 1983.

Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996.

Health in Safety in Employment Act 1992.

Historic Places Act 1993.

Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2001.

New Zealand Forest Accord. Noxious Plants Act 1978.

Pesticides Act 1979.

Reserves Act 1977.

Resource Management Act 1991.

Soil Conservation and River Control Act 1971.

Trespass Act 1980. For a comprehensive list of relevant legislation refer to PF Olsen�s EMS. Forest owners can be held liable for breaches of these Acts and may be held responsible for damage to third party property. Appropriate protection should be taken to minimise these risks.



Environmental Code of Practice

All operations carried out on the property should be undertaken to the standards specified in the New Zealand Environmental Code of Practice for Plantation Forestry. This document sets out guidelines which ensure safe and efficient forest operations that meet the requirements of sound and practical environmental management.

Forest Road Engineering Manual

Roading and engineering techniques employed within the forest should conform to the �industry best practice� as outlined in the New Zealand

Forest Owners Association publication, �NZ Forest Road Engineering

Manual� 2012.

JANUARY 2013 Forest Estate Description Page 17


Forest Management

7. Forest Estate Description

Forest area The net stocked areas have been measured from a map produced by

PF Olsen (Forest Stands Map). The estimated net stocked areas of each stand are set out in the following table. Table 7: Area Statement

Unproductive areas include stocking gaps, roads and tracks, and other

small unplanted areas. Total unproductive area has been derived by subtraction.

Current species The species grown at Parawai Forest is Pinus radiata (radiata pine).

This species has been chosen to best meet the management objectives set out above and in section 2 given the characteristics of the forest land as described in section 3. Treestocks established in the forest are summarised in the table below. Table 8: Treestock Seedlot and GF Rating Stand Treestock PWAI-01-01 GF 17, bareroot, seedlot 92/36

Species mix Pinus radiata is the only plantation species in Parawai Forest.

Site index Site index is a measure of productivity of a site in terms of height

growth of radiata pine. The parameter used is the mean height in metres of the largest 100 trees per hectare at age 20 years. Equations exist to predict this height given a measured height at any age. Site index for this stand is 36 m.

Gross area Net Stocked Area (ha)

Area awaiting restocking

Reserves Other

43.5 21.7 0 21.8 0

JANUARY 2013 Forest Estate Description Page 18


Current crop status

Measurement data from the most recent inventory (19/01/2004) was summarised to give the current status of the crop. This is shown in the table below. Table 9. Current Crop Status

Stand Year

planted NSA (ha)

Total stocking

(s/ha)

Basal area

(m2/ha)

Mean top Ht

(m)

Mean DBH (cm)

Pruned stocking

(s/ha)

Pruned height

(m) PWAI � 1/01 1993 21.7 368 18.0 21.6 26.8 320 6.7

Age class distribution

The entire Parawai Forest is of a single age class.

JANUARY 2013 Reserve areas and significant species Page 19


8. Reserve areas and significant species

Introduction Indigenous biodiversity management in or associated with exotic forests

is an essential component of everyday forest management. Although exotic forests can provide a level of biodiversity, the reserve areas are usually the source of most indigenous biodiversity. Rare and threatened species can also be found associated with exotic forests and require special attention for management.

Reserve areas Parawai Forest contains the Young Wetland which has been recorded as

�Significant Natural Area (SNA) by the Whakatane District Council (Site number 223; Beadel et al 2003). This wetland area was created by a series of four lakes entrapped following a natural change in path of the main river. Associated lowland alluvial warm climate vegetation of a nature that is seriously under represented in the region following agricultural development make the area ecologically important. In addition there are a number of archaeological sites identified on the property. The wetland reserve area within Parawai forest can be separated into five different areas: ponds and adjacent wetland vegetation, grey willow/manuka forest, pa site, grey willow forest and crack willow/Chinese privet forest. Refer to Map 2 on the next page. Giant spike sedge (Eleocharis sphacelata), Azolla filiculoides, Azolla pinnata and water purslane (Ludwigia palustrus) are all common to the pond edges within Parawai forest. Around the ponds, grey willow (Salix cinerea) forms a large portion of the canopy. In addition, manuka (Leptospernum scoparium), Hydrocotyle novae-zelandiae, swamp millet (Isachne globosa), Carex virgata, Carex geminata, various Coprosma species and raupo (Typha orientalia) were present around the ponds. The grey willow/manuka forest has a canopy of grey willow emerging from manuka. The understory is predominantly Baumea rubiginosa and harakeke (Phormium tenax) with scattered Coprosma species. The pa site has a canopy of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides), pole rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum), ti kouka (Cordyline australis), berberry (Berberis glaucophylla), Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinese) and Japanese wineberry (Rubus phoenicalasius). The ground cover for the pa site comprises adventive grasses and herbs. The grey willow forest as the name suggests has a canopy of grey willow. The crack willow/Chinese privet forest consists of a discontinuous canopy of crack willow (Salix fragilis) over Chinese privet. See Appendix 2 for a full list of vascular present within the wetland.





Sightings Report of Fauna on Estates Managed by P F Olsen Ltd period 1/01/2000 TO 29/04/2007 Local Govt District ForestCode SpeciesDesc ThreatClassDesc Number DateSeen CommentsWhakatane PWAI Cyclosorus interruptus Gradual decline 0 1/01/2003Whakatane PWAI Thelypteris confluens Gradual decline 0 1/01/2003

Rare and threatened species

The Beadle report noted above indicates the presence of Thelypteris confluens and Cyclosorus interruptus. These fern species are listed as declining by the NZ Plant Conservation Network. In the Beadle report, Thelypteris confluens was recorded at 10 sites throughout the wetland. This site contains one of the best populations of Thelypteris confluens in the Te Teko Ecological District. Cyclosorus interruptus occurs scattered throughout the wetland and is locally common however still classed as rare. It is likely the wetland is host to a number of wetland and shrubland fauna species including fernbird, bittern and puweto. Both the giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) and the lesser short-tailed bat are found in the ecological district. Table 10: Rare Species Sightings

JANUARY 2013 Non-Timber Forest Products and Other Special Values Page 22


9. Non-Timber Forest Products and Other Special Values

Introduction Forest plantations may also provide for non-timber forest products that

enhance the economic well being of the owner or legitimate forest users. Non-timber products are an important means of maximising the production capacity of the forest whilst maintaining environmental and social values. The forest management plan provides procedures for developing and managing these resources. Forests can also provide many other special values, which are also provided for and managed through the forest management plan.

Non-timber forest products

There are no non-timber products for certified, commercial production currently being produced or developed in Parawai Forest.

Other special values

The following special values have also been identified in Parawai Forest: No other specific values outside the wetland area or the

archaeological sites have been identified.

Recreational usage

The forest is open for legitimate use subject to entry by permit.

JANUARY 2013 Environmental Policy and Practices Page 23


10. Environmental Policy and Practices

Introduction Environmental policy and practices are an integral part of every

operation that takes place on the forest. Regular monitoring of key environmental parameters will be undertaken where necessary to ensure that the impact on the forest environment from events such as wind storms, flooding and fire, pests, diseases and weeds are minimised. The management of the forest recognises the importance of the natural and social environment for the future of its business. The people employed in the forest and processing plants, the neighbouring land owners, the appropriate iwi and the community at large are all recognised as stakeholders. All activities within Parawai Forest are subject to management within a framework set by PF Olsen�s environmental policies and Environmental

Management System (EMS).

Policy PF Olsen Limited Environmental Policy:

PF Olsen Ltd is committed to:

Sustainable forest and land management;

Promoting high environmental performance standards that recognise the input from the community in which we operate;

Where appropriate applying the Principles and Criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council across forest management.

Substantial additional detailed policies are contained within PF Olsen�s

EMS.

Environmental management goals

The EMS implemented by PF Olsen has the following objectives:

1. Achieve a greater understanding and ownership of environmental responsibilities and performance by all PF Olsen personnel and contractors;

2. Complete compliance with environmental legislative requirements and non-legislative environmental commitments of the company;




...continued 3. Establishment and maintenance of sound working relationships with

each of the regional and district councils that are applicable to our operations;

4. Establishment and maintenance of sound working relationships with appropriate contractors, iwi, neighbours, recreation users, community groups, infrastructure authorities (e.g. Transit New Zealand and Transpower) and other stakeholders on which our activities may effect;

5. Increase awareness of environmental effects of operations among staff and contractors;

6. Use energy effectively and efficiently, and reduce waste and pollution;

7. Promote and undertake sound environmental stewardship of land and other natural resources on or adjacent to this land.

To achieve the objectives listed above PF Olsen set specific environmental targets against which progress is being measured. These environmental targets are reviewed on an annual basis.

The EMS framework

The EMS is a core document defining the policies, processes and procedures that govern the physical implementation of forest management activities. The EMS applies a systematic approach certified to ISO 14001 standards to ensure that prevention of adverse and harmful impacts is effective. Key elements comprising the EMS are: Defined I.T. mounted processes and procedures including flow

charts, guiding users through all the steps from planning to implementation of operational activities.

An operational implementation framework that follows the well recognised management process of planning, doing, monitoring and adjustment.

Linkages to forms and I.T. based databases to capture information required to monitor environmental aspects.

Hyperlinks to key internal and external resources required to assist managers to achieve required outcomes in a legally compliant and environmentally sound way.

Comprehensive I.T based systems for management of environmental incidents, operational monitoring, regulatory compliance, training, corrective actions / quality management and management of protected ecosystems.

Procedures for managing emergency situations.




...continued Procedures and resources for managing and minimising the use of

chemicals including compliance with FSC policies related to hazardous chemicals.

Periodic internal and external auditing. Audits are an integral part of the EMS. The purpose of these audits is:

o To check compliance with agreed procedures; and

o Discuss ways to improve the EMS to better achieve its targets and objectives.

An Environmental Management Group (EMG) assists the Environmental Manager, who is responsible for ensuring that the EMS is maintained and implemented to ISO 14001 standards. Internal audits to ensure compliance with the EMS and to improve the procedures of the EMS are undertaken at least once every two years.



Assessment of environmental risks

Several areas of typical forest management have been identified as posing a possible environmental risk within Parawai Forest. The Environmental Assessment Matrix below summarises the identified risks for Parawai Forest. The level of risk has been evaluated in the matrix as high �H� or low �L�, or not applicable �NA�. Earthworks, planting and harvesting have the potential to destroy or damage the historic places present within Parawai Forest. Native vegetation has the potential to be killed by harvesting into the reserve or spraying of the reserve. Water quality can be negatively affected by sediment run off as a result of harvesting, stream crossing and earthwork operations. In addition, the entry of oil and fuel, agrichemical and fertilisers will reduce the quality of water. Prior to operations such as clearfelling, land preparation and production thinning, an assessment is undertaken to quantify the risk involved in carrying out the particular operation, and steps are implemented to manage the risks. General risks for Parawai Forest are:

Forestry Operational Activities

ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES/ISSUES

Ero

sion

& S

ed

-im

ent

Con

trol

Wat

er Q

ualit

y

Soil

Con

serv

atio

n &

Qua

lity

Air

Qua

lity

Aqu

atic

Lif

e

Nat

ive

Wild

life

Nat

ive

V

eget

atio

n

His

tori

cal &

C

ultu

ral V

alue

s

Lan

dsca

pe &

V

isua

l Val

ues

Nei

ghbo

urs

& o

ther

fo

rest

use

rs

Pub

lic U

tilit

ies

Rec

reat

ion

V

alue

s

Harvesting H H H NA L L H H L H L L

Earthworks H H H NA L L L H L L L L

Slash Management L L L NA L L L NA L L L L

Stream Crossings H H L NA H L L NA NA L L H

Mechanical Land Preparation

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Burning L L L H L L L NA H H L H

Planting NA NA NA NA NA L L H L L L L

Tending NA L NA NA L L L NA L L L L

Fertiliser Application NA H NA L H L L L NA L L L

Agrichemical Use NA H L L H L H L L H L H

Oil & Fuel Management NA H L NA H L L L NA L NA L

Waste Management NA L NA L L L L L L L NA L

Forest Protection NA L NA L L L L L L L NA L



Hazardous substances management

Hazardous substances are any substances, which may cause adverse environmental impacts and/or injury or health problems if incorrectly handled or used. The hazardous materials which may be used on Parawai Forest are:

Pesticides

Fuels

Oils

Fire retardants

Surfactants

Transportation, storage and labelling of these hazardous materials must all comply with the provisions of the Health and Safety manual, which is maintained under ISO 9001 certification. Furthermore, the forest manager is committed to reducing the use of hazardous substances as much as possible. This involves use of alternative methods for the control of weeds, pests and diseases where these are effective and efficient. The use of fuels and oils is minimised where possible. Fire retardants are only used when required and surfactants are only used to make more efficient use of specific herbicides.

JANUARY 2013 Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations Page 28


11. Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations

Introduction The choice of species is the most important issue in plantation forestry.

The species has to be suitable for the site and meet the objectives of Herewahine Trust. Also important is to ensure that the planting material is of good quality. Forest operations are implemented to ensure a good quality crop and maximum growth. These operations include land preparation, establishment, weed control, pest and disease control, fire protection, pruning and thinning. General property maintenance is also an important factor in forest management and can include maintenance of roads and tracks and other assets such as buildings, fences and water systems.

Crop species Radiata pine, when intensively managed, will produce a range of

different log types suitable for various processing options. The pruned butt log can be used to make knot-free veneer or decorative timber. The unpruned logs can be used for structural timber, for veneer or for feedstock for fingerjointing. The small logs and those with defects and excessive knots can be used for pulp and paper, MDF and other reconstituted wood products such as tri-board and particle board. Radiata pine is the most common species processed in New Zealand and export markets are well developed for both finished products and logs. In New Zealand, radiata pine is also the main focus in terms of research and development. Past research and development has resulted in improvements in growth, form and wood characteristics as well as development of a range of finished products, building codes and timber standards.

Other species Alternative species have been considered, but did not meet the

Herewahine Trust objectives.

Establishment There is no establishment planned at Parawai Forest during the period of

this management plan.

JANUARY 2013 Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations Page 29


Pre-establishment forest flora and fauna

Prior to re-establishment of the tree crop, a review will be conducted to identify whether there are any rare, threatened or endangered species of flora or fauna within the area to be planted and what, if any, adjustments in planning may be required. A plantation crop is likely to confer beneficial habitat buffering rather than cause adverse effects.

Tending The tending regime executed at Parawai Forest is a pruned regime. The

current forest has been pruned in three lifts to a mean height of 6.7 m and production thinned in 2004. All operations are now complete and there is no further tending required. In addition to the radiata pine (Pinus radiata) planted in 1993, a small area of poplar was planted.

Tree nutrition The soils in Parawai Forest are not likely to be deficient in nutrients for

healthy tree growth. However, there are soils within New Zealand that are deficient in one or more nutrients. The most common nutrient deficiencies are likely to be:

Phosphate � Upper North Island, Marlborough and West Coast have marginal available phosphate concentrations. This is often associated with clay soils.

Magnesium � Magnesium deficiency is a particular problem of the Central North Island and is associated with the phenomenon known as mid crown yellowing where the middle of the tree crowns turns a yellow colour. Heavily pruned trees and some seedlots are more predisposed to the deficiency than others.

Boron � Boron deficient trees can suffer dieback from the terminal buds and this symptom is closely associated with moisture stress and drought. Trees growing on the drier East Coast of both Islands and on the pumice soils of the Central North Island are prone to boron deficiency.

Foliar samples will be taken if nutrient deficiency symptoms are seen or expected. Fertiliser will only be applied if the health and the growth of the trees are significantly affected.

JANUARY 2013 FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS Page 30


12. FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS

Forest growth and development is monitored through regular forest

inventory. Forest inventories providing stand information are required at different times and for different reasons throughout the life of the rotation. PF Olsen have developed procedures for each of the following four types of inventory to be applied on Parawai Forest:

Pre-assessment;

Quality control;

Mid crop;

Pre-harvest.

Pre-assessment Pre-assessment is the collection of stand parameters prior to a tending

operation. It allows for:

The calculation of contract rate for tending;

A final check on the validity of the regime and timing of commencement of operations i.e. DOS targets can be achieved or crop height is sufficient for pruning lift scheduled.

Sampling intensity is low. Data collected is then used with the time standards set out in the tending manual to calculate a man day target and hence a contract rate per hectare. Contract rates are often set by tender or negotiation, reducing the need to pre-assess each and every block. Pre-assessment however does provide good quality information on the work content involved in each tending operation and sets a base price for negotiation. Pre assessment was completed at Parawai Forest prior to tending operations commencing.

Quality control Quality control is carried out during and after a tending operation. The

aims of the quality control system PF Olsen have established are to:

Collect sufficient data to monitor a contractor's performance and correct this if necessary, with minimum delay.

Collect sufficient quantitative data to provide reliable estimates of the crop state.

Provide data as input for growth modelling.

Provide data for estimating timing of the next tending operation.




...continued Data is summarised by Forest/Compartment/Stand prior to being entered into FIPS where it is retained as a permanent record. The records can then be directly accessed for growth model and computer growth simulation programmes, annual reports and valuations. PF Olsen�s Tending Manual details the procedures to follow for pre-assessment and quality control plotting. Quality control was completed at Parawai Forest at the completion of each tending operation.

Mid-crop inventory

The principal aim for the mid-crop inventory is to collect stand data for inputs for growth modelling. Under current tending regimes mid-crop inventory is scheduled for between 11 and 15 years of age. Sampling intensity is targeted to achieve 10% confidence limits on Basal Area on a stand by stand basis. Smaller stands may be aggregated into crop types to achieve this.

Pre-harvest inventory

The principal aim for the pre-harvest inventory is to obtain estimates of recoverable volume by log grade. This information can then be used to develop marketing and harvesting strategies. Pre-harvest inventories will be undertaken when stands reach five years or less from harvesting. Sampling intensity is targeted to achieve 10% confidence limits on Basal Area on a stand by stand basis. Smaller stands may be aggregated into crop types to achieve this as in mid-crop inventory.

Mapping Digital mapping of Parawai Forest currently exists, but will require

updating from time to time as the forest changes. The work involves:

mapping 10m contours from existing photography;

mapping forest detail from existing aerial photography; and

Defining legal boundaries.

All the data is supplied in a digital format. The digital data is retained, processed and managed on PF Olsen�s GIS

(Geographic Information System).

Pruning and thinning contractors are commonly paid on an area basis and accurate mapping prevents overpayment and avoids disputes regarding the area actually completed




...continued

Accurate mapping also assists with budgeting, planning and calculation of future revenue/tree crop value, infrastructure and harvesting and also meeting climate change emissions obligations. After harvesting, the contours and any relevant forest detail are available for planning and management of the second rotation.

Mapping updates Stands are remapped from new aerial photography around age four

(when the trees are visible on aerial photography) to accurately determine boundaries and areas and around two years prior to harvesting to assist with harvest planning.

Forest records Forest records are essential in monitoring the forest operations by

providing a historic perspective to the physical condition of each stand. Forest records should provide the following information:

A historic record of forest operations for each stand including a summary of quality control data indicating the results and quality of the operation.

A forest map showing the location, stand boundaries and net stocked area of each stand.

Crop inventory results.

Yields achieved from each stand at production thinning or clearfell.

Costs incurred for each operation.

Parawai Forest records are maintained on a computerised Land Information database. This customised database is part of PF Olsen�s

FIPS system (Forest Information and Planning System). These record systems allow for fast retrieval of information, production of reports and statistics. Forest records assist with planning and control of forest operations and provide a means of measuring the performance of a Forest Manager. In a management audit forest records can be verified against the status of the tree crop and unit costs derived for each operation.

JANUARY 2013 Harvesting Strategy and Operations Page 33


13. Harvesting Strategy and Operations

Harvesting strategy

The harvesting strategy employed at Parawai Forest is to harvest the forest as close as possible to their optimum economic age as practical. This is the age at which the growth in volume and improvement in quality is offset by the cost to maintain the forest for another year. The optimum rotation length for radiata pine is expected to be within 25 to 30 years (this may be less for framing or unpruned stands). Of importance in this assessment is the actual growth of the tree crop, the market for the wood at the time of the harvest and the outlook then for the near future. These factors, together with logistics such as the availability of suitable harvest contractors and the requirements of resource consents, will determine the actual harvest time. Forward planning is essential when considering harvesting activities. Planning should commence 2 years before harvesting to enable roading infrastructure to be developed and any resource consents, archaeological surveys, etc. to be undertaken. This reduces the chance of hold-ups to the commencement of harvesting, which can be costly when log prices are fluctuating.

JANUARY 2013 Harvesting Strategy and Operations Page 34


Getting harvest ready

Before harvesting commences a harvest plan is prepared. This plan will describe the harvesting method to be used based on the following considerations:

1. Terrain - what method can be used that is safe for the operators;

2. Soil and Water � the impact on soil and water will be minimised and/or mitigated;

3. Safety � to ensure forest operations are carried out safely and comply with all legal requirements;

4. Wildlife Habitat and Ecosystems � these will be maintained where possible or the impact on such habitats will be minimised and/or mitigated;

5. Other Forest Values � to ensure that other forest values such as recreation and non-timber products are recognised and where practical protected;

6. Offsite Impacts � to identify and minimise the adverse impacts of forest operations on people and the environment; and

7. Financial � to ensure forest operations are carried out in an efficient and effective manner and consider both short and long term implications.

Harvesting operations will be undertaken by contractor and supervised by the forest manager.

JANUARY 2013 Property Management and Protection Page 35


14. Property Management and Protection

Statutory pest obligations

Pest management within Parawai Forest is subject to statutory obligations under the Regional Pest Management Plan administered by the Bay of Plenty Regional Council. The strategy applies to both pest plants and animals and categorises them in terms of management objectives. The categories and landowner obligations are summarised in the two tables below. Table 11: Pest Categories and Plan Objectives

Pest Category Objectives Agency pests - Support national pest management initiatives lead by Crown.

Exclusion and eradication pests

- New occurrences: immediate control leading to eradication. - Known animal populations: eradication. - Current plant populations: control to zero density.

Containment pests

- Reduction in distribution and density of known populations.

Restricted pests - Residents to restrict pests and prevent spread. - Residents and community groups to participate in activities to

contribute to managing the impacts of pests.

Table 12: Statutory Pest Regulations and Plan Rules

Plan Rules and Statutory Obligations Applicable Pest Category Do not release or spread any of this pest. Agency, Exclusion and eradication,

Containment, Restricted

Do not sell, display or propagate. Agency, Exclusion and eradication, Containment, Restricted

Do not move, or allow machinery or other goods contaminated with any of this pest.

Exclusion and eradication, Containment

Landowners/ occupiers shall: 1) Destroy woolly nightshade on all land occupied; 2) Destroy blackberry or gorse within 10 metres of any property boundary, or ragwort within 50 metres of any property boundary; 3) Destroy all containment pest plants, except those species specified in the 1 and 2 above.

Containment (Plant)

Full details of classifications and obligations are listed in the Regional Pest Management Plan. The full list of plant and animal pest species are contained in Appendix 1.



Pest control The main animal pest in Parawai Forest is the introduced possum which

can attack the growing tips of both plantation and native trees, causing stem malformation and die back. Possums are also a threat to neighbouring property owners who are farmers as they can carry and spread bovine tuberculosis to domestic stock. Other pests include rabbits and hares at the time of establishment. Animal pests in Parawai Forest will be controlled using ground control methods as required, which prevent impacts on non-target species. The forest manager will coordinate operations with organisations such as the Regional Council and the Department of Conservation to achieve effective and efficient control with in the forest area and on neighbouring land, where required.

Disease control Diseases which can affect the forest trees and adjacent native vegetation

are monitored periodically and once a year by a professional independent forest health assessor on a sample forest basis. Most diseases cause little damage and do not require control. The exception is Dothistroma, a fungus which, attacks pine needles. This fungus is controlled using a copper-based fungicide, but only when the infection reaches a critical level. Dothistroma infection can also be controlled though silviculture by timely thinning and pruning operations, which increases air movement and lowers humidity levels.



Protected ecosystems, reserves and species

To manage the significant wetland that lies within Parawai Forest, care will be taken to provide protection from forestry activities in conjunction with fire control measures implemented across the whole forest. Beadel (1994) conducted a site inspection and reported on vegetation and flora in Parawai wetland. The report recommends the following: Leaving vegetation undisturbed. Mechanical clearing or deepening

of ponds will have severe negative impacts on conservation values; Continuing to keep grazing animals out; No planting exotic species in wetlands; Contacting DoC if development of the wetland is being considered. Pest control within the wetland will be considered as there may be rare birds present. The wetland has a large population of willow, which could be controlled by poisoning or removal. Any such control operation would need to be carefully considered due to cost, and it is likely co-funding with another party, such as the Bay of Plenty Regional Council, would be required. Monitoring via photopoints is currently being conducted to understand and document any changes to wetland composition and health. These initial photos are attached in Appendix 3. Photos will be taken at three year intervals. This method of monitoring is both inexpensive and easily repeatable, and provides valuable information about temporal changes in vegetation vitality.

Fire prevention and control

With the weather patterns normally experienced in New Zealand during the period late spring/summer, fire can be a real threat to the forest. This can be minimised by:

1. Having an effective fire plan.

2. Active prevention measures which include restrictions on allowable access, fire prevention signage, publicity when fire danger increases, access to adequate water sources, and selective forest grazing to reduce fuel within stands.

3. Effective detection systems include good communication systems, mapping, and fire plan alert procedures.

4. A close link with the relevant fire authorities, and an understanding of equipment and trained manpower requirements.

5. Good forest management that recognises the influence of terrain, roading network and accessibility, and fuel build-up from silvicultural practice, that will influence fire prevention and control measures.



Forest management requirements

The following forest management practices may be employed to assist fire prevention measures:

1. Develop suitable internal access systems, predominantly tracking, but road construction at a later stage.

2. Maintain existing firebreaks and develop others as the need arises.

3. Time silvicultural operations to minimise the potential of fuel build-up and for better control of work activity.

4. Have forest areas grazed where fuel build-up can be reduced.

5. Endeavour to control access, and limit only to legitimate land users. Promote public awareness through appropriate signage.

6. Develop a fire plan that encompasses prevention, detection and control procedures.

Fire authority responsibilities

The legal responsibility for fighting forest fires lies with the respective territorial land authorities where the forest is situated. In the case of Parawai Forest the Rural Fire Authority (RFA) is Pumicelands.

In the event of a fire that starts within the forest, the RFA is responsible for attending and providing the resources to extinguish the fire. Where a fire starts outside the forested area and moves into the forest, the RFA has recourse to the Rural Fire Fighting Fund to compensate for fire fighting costs. There is a close liaison with the RFA in terms of developing the fire plan and the maintenance of good communication relative to potential risks and fire danger ratings.



Fire insurance With regard to the location of the forest and the high public activity

around the fringes, there will always be the potential for fire. If a fire originates within the forest, the owners will ultimately be liable for suppression costs. A major fire may cost many thousands of dollars to extinguish, with the main costs being the use of heavy machinery, helicopters, and manpower. Insurance for Parawai Forest is held by Herewahine Trust. The current extent of cover is:

Fire fighting cover (the costs of fire suppression) of $200,000.

Wind cover of $300,000.

Cover for the crop value and re-establishment costs will be retained based on a recognised crop valuation, but reviewed on an annual basis.

Herewahine Trust should liaise closely with the forest manager at the time of fire insurance renewals and if necessary instruct the forest manager to keep premiums paid up.

Public liability insurance

It is recommended that Herewahine Trust maintain public liability insurance cover with a fire fighting extension, to indemnify against unforeseen adverse activity both within the forest area and adjoining land tenure. In the case of fire spreading from Parawai Forest onto adjoining land, Herewahine Trust would be liable for the fire fighting costs and any damage to property. There is no public liability insurance currently held by Herewahine Trust for Parawai Forest.

JANUARY 2013 Monitoring Page 40


15. Monitoring

Introduction To ensure that the management objectives identified in this plan are

being achieved various monitoring exercises outside normal operations management have been developed. Monitoring results are summarised and reported to Herewahine Trust as and when required and are also, where appropriate, made publicly available through the PF Olsen webpage.

Values monitored Management inspections are completed regularly during operations and

periodically between times to monitor all aspects of the forest growth, health and conditions. The findings of the inspections are detailed and, where appropriate, summarised on the PF Olsen FSC website. The full monitoring framework implemented and applicable to Parawai Forest is tabulated below.

Environmental Process Monitoring Framework Monitored

Element Include

Components Data Source Data medium

Reporting / Website frequency

Chemical usage A.I usage/ Area overuse operations supervisors

FIPS

Form

On demand / annual

Consultation Activity

Complaints. operations supervisors & planners

Form

Annual / annual

Environmental Incidents

Incident number

/ categories

operations supervisors

FIPS

Form

On demand / annual

Flora & Fauna Species & status frequencies/ new finds.

operations supervisors, public, crews

FIPS

Form

Annual / annual

Forest estate Structure

Area (plantation & protected ecosystem)/ age-class/ species/forest type/protection status.

management plans/stand records

FIPS stand records

On demand / annual

Forest growth PSP protocols / periodic inventory. ISO:9001

contractors To be established

Periodic-annual � not on web

Forest Health Disease & health National Forest surveillance program1

document Periodic-annual � not on web


1 Forest health inspections are undertaken annually through the NZ Forest Owners Association forest health surveillance scheme.

JANUARY 2013 Monitoring Page 41


...continued

FSC Membership Block/ location/name FIPS register FIPS client database

On demand / annual

Health and safety statistics

LTI / accidents & incidents


FIPS Monthly/ annual

Internal Audit CAR activity

Frequency * category Auditors/ees FIPS Form

Annual / annual

Log Production On harvest

Total logs/ FSC markets log dockets Woodtrack On demand / annual

Operational monitoring

Audit trends/cause analysis


FIPS Form

Monthly / annual

Pests kill returns or other supervisors /contractors

FIPS Form

Annual where relevant

Protected Ecosystem Condition

Photopoint monitoring contractors Established Bi-annual if restoration initiated

Recreational & non-timber

Permits issued branch offices / forest security

FIPS Form

Annual / annual

Resource consents NA Number/compliance operations planners

FIPS 6 monthly / annual

Stream Monitoring

NA Clarity +/- other specific supervisors /contractors

Spreadsheet Monthly / annual where relevant

Environmental Training

Courses, numbers, names Staff FIPS Form

Annual/as relevant

Financial Budget versus expenditure is monitored through the PF Olsen FIPS

system and presented to Herewahine Trust when requested. This information is not made public.

Social Consultation with stakeholders has been undertaken and constant

feedback from these stakeholders (and others as they become apparent) is monitored. This includes actions undertaken to resolves disputes and issues.

JANUARY 2013 Future Planning Page 42


16. Future Planning

Introduction This plan pertains to the management of Parawai Forest and will be

adhered to for the next 5 years. Any deviation from this plan will be justified only on the basis that the changes do not adversely affect the environment. Any changes, which are contrary to the policies contained in this management plan, will require a full review of this plan. The next review date for this plan is January 2018. The forest management plan is used for both medium and long term planning.

Operation plans For the short term we use Operation Plans. These plans are prepared

annually in accordance with this Management Plan. This operation plan and associated budget are subject to approval by Herewahine Trust at the beginning of each financial year.

JANUARY 2013 Appendix 1: BOPRC RPMS Plant and Animal Pest Species Page 43


Appendix 1: BOPRC RPMS Plant and Animal Pest Species

JANUARY 2013 Appendix 2: Vascular plants present within Parawai Wetland (Beadel et al 2003) Page 44


Appendix 2: Vascular plants present within Parawai Wetland (Beadel et al 2003)





JANUARY 2013 Appendix 3: Initial photo monitoring photos in Parawai Forest Page 47


Appendix 3: Initial photo monitoring photos in Parawai Forest

Photo Point Monitoring Sequence

Forest = Parawai Forest Owner = Herewahine Trust PP1a 2012 Stand = WETL_01 PP1a

PP1b 2012 Stand = WETL_01 PP1b

JANUARY 2013 Appendix 3: Initial photo monitoring photos in Parawai Forest Page 48


PP1c 2012 Stand = WETL_01 PP1c

Documents

PARAWAI FOREST - Microsoft...PARAWAI FOREST For the period 2013 / 2018 Owned by HEREWAHINE TRUST Forest Management Plan Prepared by Sally Haddon PO Box 1127 | ROTORUA T: 07 921 …