paramecium

Chapter 15 p.325-329

6 Kingdoms of Life

Back in the 18th centuryLinnaeus’ system

2 kingdoms Plants and animals

Taxonomists then created 5 kingdom system

We are using the6 kingdom system

Still very debatable

How are organisms placed into kingdoms?Cell type, ability to make food, number

of cellsProkaryotes Eukaryotes

No nucleus With a nucleus

All cells

Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Uni-cellularKingdomProtista

Multi-cellular

KingdomMonera

All Bacteria

Cell wall

No cell wallKingdomAnimalia

Autotrophic (PS)KingdomPlantae

HeterotrophicKingdomFungi

Whittaker’s 5 Kingdom system

No celluloseCellulose

All cells

Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Uni-cellularKingdomProtista

Multi-cellular KingdomMonera

All BacteriaCell wallNo cell wallKingdomAnimalia

Autotrophic (PS)KingdomPlantae

HeterotrophicKingdomFungi

6 Kingdom system

No celluloseCellulose

Archae-bacteria

Eu-bacteria

6 Kingdom system

eukaryotes

prokaryotes

Kingdom MoneraMicroscopic, unicellularSimple prokaryotic organismsHave a cell wallHeterotrophic or autotrophicReproduce asexually

Binary fissionLacks nucleus & membrane

bound organellesLive nearly everywhere

(Eg. E.coli)

E.coli bacteria(Escherichia coli )Found in humans

StreptococciMakes yoghurt

Kingdom MoneraSplit into two Archaebacteria

Once thought to be similar to eubacteriaMaybe the first living cellsLive in extremely harsh environments

Oxygen-free environmentsVery salty environmentsProduce methane gasLive in hotsprings/volcanoes/artic

EubacteriaTrue bacteriaBacteria that we see around us

A bloom of cyanobacteriaLake in New Zealand

-grows FAST! -may produce toxins-kill plants by blocking light

Kingdom Protista (Protist = first cell)Most uni-cellular eukaryotic organisms Has nuclear membraneHeterotrophic or autotrophic or bothReproduces asexually and sexuallyLive in aquatic or moist habitatsAny organism that isn’t a plant,

animal or fungusEg. Simple algae, protozoan

Paramecium

Kingdom FungiMost are multi-cellular eukaryotic

organismsHeterotrophs (ie. grows on wood)Cell wall without cellulose (that’s why it’s

soft)Reproduce sexually and asexuallyMost are terrestrialEg. mushrooms, bread molds, mildew

Kingdom PlantaeAll are multi-cellular eukaryotic organismsAutotrophs (PS)Reproduce sexually and asexuallyMost are terrestrialCell wall with cellulose = toughEg. seaweed, mosses, ferns, conifers,

flowering plants

Kingdom AnimaliaAll are multi-cellular eukaryotic organismsMost reproduce sexually (Some asexually)Live in terrestrial and aquatic habitatsEg. Sponges, worms, lobsters, sea stars,

humans

FYI (For your information)FYI (For your information)HUMANS  

KINGDOM:  AnimaliaPHYLUM:  Chordata(SUBPHYLUM:  Vertebrata)(SUPERCLASS:  Gnathostomata)CLASS:  MammaliaORDER:  PrimataSUBORDER:  HaplorhiniFAMILY:  HominidaeGENUS:  HomoSPECIES:  Homo sapiensHomo sapiens

Review A new organism is discovered in the

tropical rain forest in Brazil. Scientists note it is made of many cells, has a nucleus, a cell wall, and cannot make its own food. Which kingdom does this new organism belong in?

KINGDOM FUNGIKINGDOM FUNGI

Thinking QuestionWhich kingdom would most likely be the

oldest kingdom, meaning the kingdom that has been around for the longest period of time on earth?

Give at least one reason why.