Paragraph Development 1

8/3/2019 Paragraph Development 1

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PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT

Main methods, with brief examples


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THE METHODS

1. Narration and description2. Definition

3. Elaboration

4. Comparison/contrast

5. Summarization6. Analysis

y Classification (break down by parts)

y Process (break down by steps)

y

Causation (break down by causes and/or effects)


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NARRATION AND DESCRIPTION


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Narrate the

story of

anything thatunfolds in

time

Eras

Events

Experiments

UniversesRomance


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NARRATION & DESCRIPTION

IN SEEING IS NOT BELIEVING

Lance Corporal Ted Joey Boudreaux Jr. was

bored. It was the summer of 2003 in Iraq [] and

you can joyride around the desert in a dusty

Humvee only so often. Loitering at the back gateof his base, mingling with locals, Boudreaux says

he scribbled Welcome marines on a piece of

cardboard and gave it to some kids, who then

posed with him, smiling, for a snapshot. He e-

mailed the picture to his mom, a cousin and a fewfriends[.] That wasnt the last of the photo,

though.

Steve Casimiro


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SUMMARIZATION

More general, less character- and setting-based

than narration


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FOR EXAMPLE, FROM WHOSE LIFE

WOULDYOU SAVE

Greene argues that our emotions play a powerful role

in our moral judgments, triggering instinctive

responses that are the product of millions of years of

evolution. A lot of our deeply felt moral convictionsmay be quirks of our evolutionary theory, he says.

The puzzle of moral judgments grabbed Greene when

he was . Most theories were shaped, he learned, by

Kant and John Stuart Mill. Kant believed that pure

reason. Mill, by contrast, argued that


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THE (SURPRISING) HISTORY OF LOBSTER

Up until sometime in the 1800s, though, lobster was literallylow-class food, eaten only by the poor and institutionalized.Even in the harsh penal environment of early America, somecolonies had laws against feeding lobsters to inmates morethan once a week because it was thought to be cruel andunusual, like making people eat rats. One reason for their low

status was how plentiful lobsters were in old New England.Unbelievable abundance is how one source describes thesituation, including accounts of Plymouth pilgrims wading outand capturing all they wanted by hand, and of early Bostonsseashore being littered with lobsters after hard stormstheselatter were treated as a smelly nuisance and ground up forfertilizer. There is also the fact that premodern lobster was

often cooked dead and then preserved, usually packed in saltor crude hermetic containers. Maines earliest lobster industrywas based around a dozen such seaside canneries in the1840s, from which lobster was shipped as far away asCalifornia, in demand only because it was cheap and high inprotein, basically chewable fuel.


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DEFINITION1. The act of defining or making definite, distinct, or clear.

2. Optics. Sharpness of the image formed by an optical system.

Late 14c., "setting of boundaries," from O.Fr. definicion , from L.

definitionem , noun of action from definire . In logic,

meaning "a statement of the essential nature of something" isfrom late 14c.;

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/definition


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DEFINITION WITH DRIVE

Skill is the connection between life and tools, or

life and machines. Once, skill was defined in

qualitative terms: How well did a person work.

But as machines grow larger and more complex

[] we tend to define skill quantitatively: How

speedily and cheaply can a person work? And the

more quantifiable skills become, the easier they

are to replace with machines.

Wendell Berry, The Unsettling of America


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STEREOTYPE

THREAT

Every heard of it?

Its defined in

The Art ofFailure

paragraph 20


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ELABORATIONDescribing the indescribable


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WHAT IS DUENDE?

Duende is a difficult-to-define word used in Spanish arts.From the original meaning (a fairy- or goblin-likecreature). "Tener duende" (having duende) is looselytranslated as havingsoul, a heightened state of emotion,expression and authenticity, often connected with

flamenco.Wikipedia

The duende is a power and not a construct, a struggleand not a concept. I heard an old guitarist, a virtuoso,remark, The duende is not in the throat, the duende

comes from inside up, up from the very solves of the feet.That is to say, its not a question of aptitude, but of a trueand variable styleof blood, in other words.

Federico Garcia Lorca


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WHAT ISA LOBSTER: ELABORATION VIA

NICELY ORDERED FACTS

For practical purposes, everyone knows what alobster is. As usual, though, theres much more toknow than most of us care aboutits all a matter ofwhat your interests are. Taxonomically speaking, alobster is a marine crustacean of the family

Homaridae, characterized by five pairs of jointed legs,the first pair terminating in large pincerish clawsused for subduing prey. Like many other species ofbenthic carnivore, lobsters are both hunters andscavengers. They have stalked eyes, gills on theirlegs, and antennae. There are dozens of different

kinds worldwide, of which the relevant species here isthe Maine lobster, Homarusamericanus. The namelobster comes from the Old English loppestre, whichis thought to be a corrupt form of the Latin word forlocust combined with the Old English loppe, whichmeant spider.


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NEED ANOTHER EXAMPLE TOO

Define or elaborate with negatives

LLove is not all: it is not meat nor drink

Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;Nor yet a floating spar to men that sinkAnd rise and sink and rise and sinkagain;

Love can not fill the thickened lungwith breath,Nor clean the blood, nor set thefractured bone;

Yet many a man is making friends with


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COMPARISON/CONTRAST

Beyond separating facts, use for conflict and

relationship

Enrique Chagoya


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COMPARE & CONTRAST IN ORDER TO

Elaborate on A by negative comparison to B

Reveal unseen qualities/efficacy of A by analogy

to more familiar B

Show knowledge/technology leaps

Compare in blocks, in order: xyzA then xyzB

or

point by point:

xA xB

yA yB

zA zB


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AND ANALYZE A PHENOMENON BY

CONTRASTING RELATED PARTS OF IT

What happened to Kennedy that night illustrates

a second major difference between panicking and

choking [narrative & description of his story and

then contrasting story of tennis star who choked

at 5 sets up.] Panicking is conventional failure,

choking is paradoxical failure.

Oh. Very different causes and, therefore, cures.


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ANALYSISClassification parts & their relationships

Process mechanism and sequence

Causation causes and/or effects


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ANALYZING

BY

CLASSIFYING


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ANALYZING CAUSATION(CAUSES OR EFFECTS)

It wont take longif it hasnt happened already

before every image becomes potentially suspect.

So?

[A]s fakes proliferate, real evidence, such as thephotos of abuse at Abu Grab prison in Iraq, could

be discounted as unreliable.

Doesntaffectme

And then theres the judicial system, in which

altered photos could harm the innocent, free the

guilty, or simply cause havoc.


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AGROUP WRITE

Pick one of the development methods

Narration and description

Definition

Elaboration

Comparison/contrast

Summarization

Analysis

Classification (break down by parts)

Process (break down by steps)

Causation (break down by causes and/or effects

Write a paragraph at groupwrite1 googledoc onour chosen topic, which is ___________________

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Paragraph Development 1