PARADE OF ELEMENTS

Chem 187S

Fall 2011

NOBLE GROUP

Ru

Rh

Pd

Os

Ir

Ruthenium

- discovered in 1844 by Karl Karlovich Klaus (a Russian chemist.)- named after the Latin word Ruthenia, which stands for the country of Russia.

- commonly used in electrical contacts, jewelry, solar energy technology and treatment for metastatic tumors or colon cancer,...

- normal phase is solid.- costs around $1286 per kilogram.

Rhodium A PP presentation by:

Oluwatimileyin Akinrinmade Adigun“Timi Adigun”

45

102.91

• There is only 6.0 x 10-8 % in the universe, but only 7.0 x 10-8 % in the earth’s crust.

• It was discovered in England in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston.

• The origin of the word rhodium comes from the Greek for rhodon meaning “rose”.

• This transition metal is obtained as a by product of nickel production.

• Its uses include (but are not limited to): agent for hardening platinum and palladium, coatings / plating, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, jewelry, and oil of rhodium, etc.

• Solid rhodium jewelry has never been seen: it would be REALLY EXPENSIVE to make and buy.

76 Osmium 190.23Jessica Howes

The Facts:• Smithson Tennant, 1803• Metal• Osmium Tetroxide Poisonous Gas• Pens & Record Needles Minimal

Frictionhttp://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele076.html

By Bobby Sarkissian

Iridium

# 77

- Discovered in England and France in 1803 by Smithson Tennant

- Can be found in nature- Has a high melting

(2466ᵒC) and boiling point (4428ᵒC)

- Used in fountain pen tips, sparkplug electrodes, and compass bearings

Iridium

RADIOACTIVE GROUP

Tc

Pm

Ra

U

Pu

Radium Ra

Radioactive Group

By Mat Pham

Atomic number- 88 Atomic weight- 226.0254 Discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898 Used to produce neutron sources, luminous

paints, and medical radioisotopes. Also used to make watches, but was found

highly radioactive.

Atomic Number: 94

Symbol: Pu

Atomic Weight: 244.0642

Discovery: G.T. Seaborg, J.W. Kennedy, E.M. McMillan, A.C. Wohl (1940, United States)

Word Origin: Named for the planet Pluto.

RARE EARTH GROUP

La

Ce

Nd

Eu

Tb

LANTHANUMAdriana Herrera

La 57

Atomic Weight: 138.91 Density:6.15 g/cc Discovered in Sweden (yr. 1839) RARE EARTH METAL Melting Point: 920 Celsius Used to resolve individual atoms and

in movie lighting

d

Discovered in Sweden by Jons Jakob Berzenlius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803

It is a silvery metal and is both malleable and ductile

Cerium reacts so readily with oxygen that it can be set on fire simply by scratching the surface with a knife

Cerium(III) oxide is used catalytic converter as a catalyst for the reduction of CO emissions in the exhaust gases from motor vehicles

Neodymium

by

Michael Martinez

Neodymium: Element 60 History-

Discovered in 1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach Originally used for adding pigment to glass

Notable Properties and Modern uses- Most magnetic element! Used in electronics such as headphones,

motors, and powerful magnets Fun to play with

=

EUROPIUM

Yvan Bouyou

● Europium is a Moderately Hard Silvery Chemical Element.

● Symbol Eu and Atomic Number 63. ● Discovered In 1901 by French Chemist Eugene-Anatole

Demarcay. ● Europium was Named After The European’s Continent.

● It Has The Second Lowest Melting Point And The Lowest Density of All Lanthanides.

● Europium is The Most Reactive Rare Earth Element. ● it is not Found In The Nature as Free Element. ● This Rare Earth Element has also been Identified in The

Spectra of The Sun and Certain Stars.

● Europium compound are Widely Used In Phosphors for Cathode Ray TV Screens and in Compact Fluorescent Bulbs.

TERBIUMBy: Jen Sullivan

Terbium Facts Discovered in 1843 in Sweden Electron Shell: [Xe}4f96s2

None is found in Humans Vital ingredient in

magnetorestrictive alloys Used in loudspeakers

SILICON VALLEY GROUP

Si

Ga

Ge

In

Sb

Silicon (SIL-i-ken)By: Joam Marmolejos

Melting Point:

1687 KBoiling Point: 3538 K

Density: 2.3296 g /

cm^3

State at Room Temp: Solid

Classification: Semi-metal

Silicon Was established as an element in the 19th century

It took this long because almost all naturally occurring rocks and minerals contain it

Berzelius discovered how to create the new element ▪ Through mixing molten potassium metal and the compound potassium

silicon fluoride, he created silicon It was named by Thomas Thompson

▪ Based on the Latin word silex (flint) and the ending “on” from its close connection to carbon and boron

Metalloid Has properties of metals and non-metals The second most abundant element in the earth’s crust Has been found in the sun and other stars

Compound Silicone Mostly used for toys and cosmetic uses

Gallium

Melts in your mouth AND in your hand!

By: Bernard Heres

Facts about Gallium

• Most exists in bauxite (aluminum ore) and sphalerite (Zinc ore)

• Discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudran• Theorized by Mendeleev – eka-aluminum

– Drama over who discovered it first• Gallium and cousin elements replace Mercury• Practically non-toxic• Used for dinner pranks involving eating utensils• Used to make semiconductors and salts• Used to detect Neutrinos

Ge32

rmanium Ge

32

•Discovered by Clemens Winkler•Is a semiconductor •Very rare and expensive•Opaque to visible light,

transparent to infrared•Sold in Japan for medicinal

purposes

Ge32

rmanium

Silic

on

Valle

y

0 K

1000 K

2000 K

3000 K

4000 K

1211.40 K

3106 K

INDIUMElement-49By: Cristina Rodriguez

What About This???Atomic Number: 114.818Discovered in Germany-1863*Replaces mercury in thermometers/ flat

screen TV’s*examples: Spool of indium wire, Indium foilSoft enough to mold to the shape of the glassCommercial unit for trade is 1 kilogram bar

Antimony

Amanda Carey

Element 51

What You Need To Know

• Atomic symbol: Sb• Atomic weight: 121.760 amu

• Discovered: 3000 BC• In “The Silicon Valley” between Tin and Tellurium

• Uses: added to Lead for bullets and batteries, ancient Egyptian make up, and medical remedies.

• It is thought Mozart died from taking too many antimony pills.

TOXIC GROUP

As

Cd

Hg

Tl

Pb

Arsenic

Ray McKenzie

Arsenic (cont.)*Poisonous, used by assassins in Middle Ages.

*Found in rodenticides as well as insecticides.

*Wood treated with CCA is highly dangerous.

*Found in the semiconductor Gallium Arsenide.

*Used in cell phones, computers and microwaves.

*Naturally occurs in various red crystal structures.

*Occurs naturally as ore in the Earth’s crust.

Eric Dube

Mercury

• Used in thermometers, fluorescent lamps, and batteries

• Discovered in 1500 BC• Named after the planet Mercury• The only element liquid at room temperature• So dense that cannonballs and bricks can’t

float through it• Can be absorbed through the skin and

accumulate in organs• Extremely toxic, can kill if ingested!!

Fun Facts!

Thallium

By: Mat Driscoll

About Thallium- Discovered in 1891 in England

- Silvery appearance which tarnishes in air to a bluish-gray oxide

- Is so soft and malleable it can be cut easily with a knife

- Used mainly in electronics today as the compound Thallium Sulfide

- Highly toxic, Thallium poisoning can result in death

- Toxic Thallium compounds are colorless, odorless, and tasteless

- Was used in rat poison until it was banned in 1972

- Has the same name as a popular cologne

Joe Prioli

Lead

• A soft malleable, heavy metal • Used to make bullets, weights

and radiation shields• Has the highest number of

protons of all stable elements• It’s a neurotoxin that damages

soft tissue, bones, the nervous system, and the brain

Lead Pb Carbon Group

PARADE OF ELEMENTS

Chem 187S

Fall 2011

The End