Parabolic Array Final Report From Kiran-WITH REQUIRED Modifications

8/9/2019 Parabolic Array Final Report From Kiran-WITH REQUIRED Modifications

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Concentrated Solar Power Plant

Based OnParabolic Trough Technology

INDEX

y Introduction

y Concentrated solar power

y Technologies

y R ecommended csp

y technology

y operation and maintenance of solar power plants

y solar plant availability

y collector technologies

y comparison of collector technologies

y list of recommended solar companiesy list of shortlisted solar companies as per our

requirements

y conclusion



INTRODUCTION

Concentrating Solar Power TechnologiesConcentrating solar power (CSP) technologies, sometimes referred to as solar thermal electric

technologies, have been developed for power generation applications. Historically, the focus has

been on the development of cost-effective solar technologies for large (100 MWe or greater ) central power plant applications..The leading CSP candidate technologies for utility-scale applications are

parabolic troughs, molten-salt power towers, parabolic dishes with Sterling engines, and

concentrating photovoltaic¶s.

Parabolic troughParabolic trough HTST plants (Figure 2) are considered to be the most economic and most mature HTST

technology available today. Parabolic trough-shaped mirror reflectors are used to concentrate sunlight

onto thermally-efficient receiver tubes placed in the trough focal line.

In these tubes a thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as a synthetic thermal oil. Heated to

approximately 400°C by the concentrated suns rays, this oil is then pumped through a series of heatexchangers to produce superheated steam. The steam is converted to electrical energy in a conventional

steam turbine generator, which can either be part of a conventional steam cycle or integrated into a

combined steam and gas turbine cycle.

Linear Fresnel

A Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) is a single-axis tracking technology that focuses sunlight reflected bylong heliostats onto a linear receiver to convert solar energy to heat. The classical linear Fresnel system

uses an array of mirror strips close to the ground to direct solar radiation to a single, linear, elevated,



fixed receiver (Figure 3). The technology is seen as a lower cost alternative to trough technology for the

production of solar steam for power generation. The main advantages of the Linear Fresnel collector,

compared to trough collectors, are seen to be1:

y Inexpensive planar mirrors and simple tracking system.

y Fixed absorber tube with no need for flexible high pressure joints or thermal expansion bellows.y No vacuum technology and no metal-to-glass ceiling.

y Wind loads are substantially reduced on the reflector strips, so the reflector width for one

absorber tube can be up to three times the width of parabolic troughs.

y Due to direct steam generation no heat exchanger is necessary although trough technology

also is evolving to direct steam generation (see Section 2.1.1).

y Efficient use of land since the collectors can be placed close to one another.

Power tower

Power towers use a circular or semi-circular array of heliostats (large individually-tracking mirrors) toconcentrate sunlight on to a central receiver mounted at the top of a tower (Figure 4). A heat transfer

medium in this central receiver absorbs the highly concentrated radiation reflected by the heliostats and

converts it into thermal energy to be used for the subsequent generation of superheated steam for

turbine operation. Heat transfer media so far demonstrated include water/steam, molten salts, liquidsodium and air.

Concentrating sunlight over 500 times, power tower technology has the potential advantage of

delivering high temperature solar heat in utility scale quantities at temperatures of 500°C or more for

steam cycles and greater than 1,000°C for gas turbines and combined cycle power plants.

Parabolic dish

Using parabolic dishes is a well-tested approach to concentrate solar radiation, and was an early

experimental tool at many locations worldwide. The optical efficiency of parabolic dishes is considerably

1



higher than that of trough, LFR or power tower systems because the mirror is always pointed directly at

the sun, whereas the trough, LFR and power tower have a reduction in projected area due to a frequent

low angle of incidence of the solar radiation (known as cosine losses). However, the higher optical

efficiency of dishes (which ultimately translates to a higher efficiency of conversion of sunlight to

electricity2) is partially offset because their capital cost per installed megawatt currently is higher than

the others. How these efficiencycapital cost tradeoffs translate to levelised energy cost must be

determined on a case-by-case basis for commercial HTST plants.

Market potentialthe cost of power from a solar thermal power plant is mainly due to the initial construction investment

cost and the low capacity factor, the fuel cost is zero as the energy input is free. This makes the marginal

cost of generating very low and competitive with coal fired plant in this respect. However, once the

return on capital is factored it would require that the investor receive a relatively high price for the

electricity for the economic life of the plant, to make a project financially viable.Since the technology is

still in an early stage of development the construction cost is expected to reduce as experience is gained..

The all in plant costs for previous concentrating solar plants resulted in electricity prices in the range$170 to $210/MWh. Technology improvements have since reduced this price to $120 to $150/MWh. Cost

reductions for solar plants are related to the installed MW and further technology improvements. The

approximate cost of a solar plant is estimated to be around $3000/kW based on US conditions.The

levelised cost of electricity from solar thermal is likely to reduce as a function of MW installed. At the

5000MW level it has been estimated that electricity may be able to be produced at $80/MWh.

Comparision of technologies

Technology

Focus technology

Tempe-Capacit

y, MWerature

HybridOperatio

n

Cost($/KWe)

Worldcapacity(MWe

)

Worldcapacity(

MWe

Worldcapacity(M

We

Operational Under constructi

on

Announced

Parabolic

trough

line Syntheti

c oil

400ºC Possible 4,156(19,53,32,000INR )

570 1550+140ISCC

5775.1

Solar

tower

point Molten

salt

1,000ºC Possible 4,500(21,15,00000INR)

34 22 1514

Parabolic

dish

point Sterling

motor

750ºC Still inR&D

phase

6,000(28,20,00000INR)

0.5 1600.08

Linear

fresnel

line steam 270ºC Possible 2,200(10,34,00000INR)

8.4 487



Recommendation for CSP Based on the assessment of CSP technologies above, parabolictrough technology is considered the only large-scale (greater than 50 MWe) CSP technology that isavailable for application in a commercially-financed power project now and in the near future (5years). The remainder of this report thus focuses on parabolic trough technology. Solar Plant Availability

Solar plants differ from conventional fossil and nuclear power plants in that they must harvest their

fuel via the solar field. Thus the availability of the solar field becomes a key indicator of potential

plant performance. suitable location in india is (rajasthan and Gujarat)

C ollector technologies

y Euro trough collector (GLASS MIRRORWITH SILVER/COPPER COATING REFLECTER SURFACE)

OLDEST TECHNOLOGY

y Al core collector (ALUMINIUM SURFACE REFLECTOR) used by nextra energy resources(SEGS)

y Reflectech mirror film-R eflecTech® Mirror Film. These mirror panels and the supporting

aluminum space frame are lightweight, easy to manufacture, ship and deploy and significantly

reduce construction time and cost compared to those for a conventional glass-mirrored parabolic

trough system.

y 3M collector films with gossamer trough frames

COLLECTOR PARAMETERS

s

n

o

Collector

technolog

y

transportation comments Suitablility COST

PER

/SQM

OF

MIRROR

(INR)

COST

PER/SQ

M OF

MOUNTI

NG

STRUCT

URE

EFFECT

IVE

COST

PER

MW(in

crores)

BOP Plants using

technology

1 Euro troughcollector

Difficulttransportation

Old technologyR eflection throughmirrors

Not suitable 2115 1398.98 3.513 11.487 Mathania,rajasthan,india

2 Al corecollector

Easy transportation Latest technologyAluminium platesare used as

reflectors

suitable 2643.6 1258.651 3.901 11.009 SEGS(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

3 R eflectechmirror film

Easytransportation

Latest technologyAvailable in rolls

(94% reflection)

suitable 843.73 1300 2.143 12.857 SKYFUEL(SKYTR OUGH)

SUPPORT FR AMES AR E

SUPPLIED BYSKYFUEL INC



4 3M collector films

Available in india Latest technology(94% reflection)

Suitable but3M doesn¶t

supplycomponents

940.00 1300(mounting structures

to beoutsourcedfrom

GOSSAMER spaceframes)

2.240 12.760 SOLAR ONE

SUPPORT FR AMES AR E SUPPLIED

BY GOSSAMER SPACE FR AMES

NOTE: AREA DIMENSIONS : APPROXIMATELY 500000sqm TAKEN FOR 50MW

CORRESPONDANCEDETAILS

Sno company Correspondence

for

Type of

communication

result

1 skyfuel Partnership in building

solar power plant

E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE

2 Nextra energy

resources

Partnership in building

solar power plant

E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE

3 Abengoa solar Partnership in building

solar power plant

E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE

4 acciona Partnership in building

solar power plant

E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE

5 Solar

millenium

Partnership in building

solar power plant

E-MAIL R ESPONDED

TWICE

R EADY TO

TAKE

PART NERSHIP

6 3M For polymer reflective

films& absorber

tubes,fliud carrying

tubes

E-MAIL R ESPONDED

3M supplies

polymer

reflective films

only



LIST OF SOLAR COMPANIES MATCHED TO OUR REQUIREMENTS

NAME OF THE COMPANIES ADVANTAGES COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY

ADDR ESS

More no of power plants(SEGS I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,

VIII,IX)

Aluminium core www.nexteraenergyresources.com

United States

Phone Main number: 561-691-7171

Procurement: 561-691-7827

News media inquiries: 888-867-3050

Write

NextEra EnergyR esources

P.O. Box 14000

Juno Beach, FL 33408-0420

Canada

Phone

Main number: 905-335-4904

Write

NextEra EnergyCanada, ULC

5500 N. Service R oad, Suite 205

Burlington, ON L7L 6W6

Latest and costeffective technology

The SkyTrough® useslightweight, glass-free,slide-in reflective mirror

panels made withR eflecTech® Mirror Film. These mirror panels

and the supportingaluminum space frameare lightweight, easy to

manufacture, ship anddeploy and significantlyreduce construction time

and cost compared to

those for a conventionalglass-mirrored parabolictrough system.

10701 Montgomery Blvd NE, Suite AAlbuquerque, NM 87111Phone: 505.293.1023

Fax: 505.323.2747

18300 W. Hwy 72

Arvada, CO 80007Phone: 303.330.0276ww.skyfuel.com/#/OUR PR ODUCTS/SKYTR OUGH/

Worlds

Largest

Solar power

plant

(more no of

partnerships inindia)

Parabolic mirror

concentrator

www.abengoasolar.com

y +34 913300669

Nevada solar one(64MW)

worlds third largest

csp plant.

Parabolic mirrors www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/Nevada-Solar-One

ACCION

AS.A

.Avda. de Europa 18

Parque Empresarial La Moraleja28108 Alcobendas (MADR ID) Tel: +34 91 663 28 50

Fax: +34 91 663 28 51

Cost effective utility

scale csp power plant(Patented

Heliostat Design)

eSolar designed the

heliostats for deploymentin pre-fabricated"heliostat sticks" that can

be installed easily with

www.esolar.com/our_solution/

Corporate Office

eSolar Inc.

130 West Union Street

Pasadena, CA 91103



minimal skilled labor.Low wind profile design

allows fields of eSolarheliostats to be installedfaster than any

competitive CSP solutions

USA

877-ESOLAR 7

toll-free

626-685-1810

tel

626-535-2701

fax

Andosal 1,2,3 power plants(150 GWH per

plant)

Skal-ET: improved parabolic trough collector

design

Helio trough: highly

efficient collector design by solar millenniumgroup

Solar Millennium AG

Nägelsbachstraße 40

D-91052 Erlangen

GER MANY

Tel: +49 (0) 9131 - 9409 - 0

Fax: +49 (0) 9131 - 9409 - 111

Email: [email protected]

www.solarmillennium.de

SHORTLISTED SOLAR PLANTS FOR PARTNERSHIP IN BUILDING SOLAR PLANT

SNO COMPANY TECHNOLOGY

1 SKYFUEL INC reflectech mirror films, SKYTROUGH SOLAR

COLLECTORS SYSTEMS

2 NEXTRA ENERGY RESOURCES al core

3 3M POLYMER REFLECTIVE FILMS

Conclusion

India¶s solar energy holds great promise. India must accelerate its investment in renewable

energy resources, specifically solar and wind energy. The U.S.-India Energy Dialogue,

which facilitates discussions on renewable energy and energy efficiency, can be a very

useful tool to spark investments in solar energy. This can lay the foundation for an energy

independent future ± one in which the Government of India takes advantage of the vast

amounts of energy available from the Rajasthan Desert sun (instead of oil from the Arab

nations) to power its future energy needs. In addition, solar energy would not only create

millions of jobs, but also sustain India¶s positive economic growth, help lift its massive

population out of poverty and combat climate change.

Documents

Parabolic Array Final Report From Kiran-WITH REQUIRED Modifications