quTaisis saepiskoposos istoria

papuna gabisonia

Tbilisi 2016

quTaisis saepiskoposo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis erT-erTi um-

niSvnelovanesi eparqiaa, Tavisi mdidari warsuliT. quTaisis saepiskoposos

Tavisi samwysos teritoriiTa da mniSvnelobiT saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi gamor-

Ceuli adgili ekava saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebs Soris. quTaTel

episkopossa da mis eparqias gansakuTrebulad gamorCeuli adgili ekava gviani

Sua saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos politikur da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi.

winamdebare naSromi am eparqiis istoriis monografiuli Seswavlis

pirveli cdaa. vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli gamocema Tavis wvlils Seitans saqar-

Tvelos samociqulo eklesiis saepiskoposoebis istoriis kvleva-Ziebis saqmeSi.

redatori:

istoriis doqtori, profesori daviT merkvilaZe

recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

beJan xorava

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

epifane gvenetaZe

1

Sinaarsi

winasityvaoba

saistorio wyaroebis da literaturis zogadi mimoxilva

Tavi I. quTaisis saepiskoposos daarseba

1. quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebis sakiTxisaTvis

2. quTaisis RvTismSoblis kaTedraluri eklesia (bagratis taZari)

Tavi II. quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebi

Tavi III. quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi

Tavi IV. quTaTel mTavarepiskopos-mitropolitebis politikur-diplomatiuri

moRvaweoba

Tavi V. quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba

daskvna

wyaroebi

winasityvaoba

saqarTvelos saeklesio centrebs Soris quTaisis saepiskoposo erT-erTi

uZvelesi da mdidari warsulis mqone eparqiaa. saukuneTa manZilze quTaisis sa-

episkoposos Tavisi samwysos teritoriiTa da mniSvnelobiT gamorCeuli adgili

ekava saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis eparqiebs Soris. Zalze didi iyo qu-

Taisis saepiskoposos roli gviani Sua saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos

politikur da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. amis miuxedavad, sakuTriv quTaisis sa-

episkoposos istoria bolo dromde ar yofila monografiulad Seswavlili.

winamdebare gamokvleva warmoadgens 2005 wels istoriis mecnierebaTa kan-

didatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad dacul Cvens sadisertacio naSroms

mcireodeni cvlilebebiT. igi am eparqiis monografiuli Seswavlis erT-erTi

pirveli cdaa. vfiqrobT, es naSromi kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilis – saepiskoposoebis

istoriis kvlevas, konkretulad ki – quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis Seswav-

las.

naSromis pirveli Tavi quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebas exeba. qarTul

istoriografiaSi am sakiTxebis irgvliv azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs. mkvle-

var-istorikosTa erTi nawilis mosazrebiT, quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTedris

2

daarseba XI saukunis dasawyisSi moxda da is bagrat III-is (978-1014 ww.) saxels

ukavSirdeba. meore nawili am eparqiis daarsebas ufro adreul xanaSi varau-

dobs. sakvlevi sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli saistorio wyaroebisa da isto-

riografiuli masalis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT, SevecadeT dagvemtkicebina,

rom quTaisSi saepiskoposo unda daarsebuliyo IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze, egris-

afxazeTSi konstantine III-is (893-922 ww.) mefobis dros, daaxloebiT erTi sauku-

niT adre, vidre bagrat III quTaisSi Zveli eklesiis adgilas axal,

RvTismSoblis saepiskoposo taZars sazeimod akurTxebda.

momdevno Tavi quTaisis eparqiis sazRvrebis cvalebadobas exeba sa-

episkoposos daarsebidan misi arsebobis mTel manZilze. quTaisis saepiskoposos

samwysoSi mis daarsebisTanave moeqca dasavleT saqarTvelos udidesi nawili:

imereTi, guria da qvemo aWara. saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiaTa Soris quTaisis

saepiskoposo teritoriulad erT-erTi udidesi iyo. XV-XVI saukuneebSi qu-

Taisis eparqiis samwyso mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, rac axali saepiskoposo cen-

trebis daarsebiT iyo gamowveuli. miuxedavad amisa, XIX saukunis dasawyisamde

is umniSvnelovanes saeklesio centrad da teritoriulad vrcel saepiskoposod

darCa. am TavSi dawvrilebiT gvaqvs naCvenebi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi quTaisis

saepiskoposos sazRvrebi da maTi cvalebadoba.

naSromis mesame nawili quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiur rigs

exeba. Cvenamde moRweuli saistorio wyaroTa cnobebis mixedviT, 27 quTaTel

mRvdelmTavaris vinaobis dadgena moxerxda, romelTac gamorCeuli pativi miege-

bodaT jer gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos samefosa da Semdeg imereTis samefo

karze. maT saeklesio ierarqiaSi umaRlesi safexuri ekavaT. amave dros qu-

TaTeli mTavarepiskoposebis sapatio movaleobas momavali monarqisaTvis mefed

kurTxevis dros samefo gvirgvinis dadgma Seadgenda da maT kaTedralSi samefo

skiptra inaxeboda. quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrebis sapatio movaleobebi naSromis am

TavSi dawvrilebiT gvaqvs ganxiluli.

meoTxe Tavi ramdenime quTaTel mTavarepiskopos-mitropolitis politi-

kur da diplomatiuri saqmianobas Seexeba. saeklesio cxovrebis garda, isini

qveynis saSinao-politikur cxovrebaSic monawileobdnen. XVIII saukunidan ki

quTaTeli mitropolitebi imereTis samefos interesebis dasacavad diploma-

tiur asparezzec gamoCndnen. yvela quTaTeli mRvdelmTavris politikuri Tu

diplomatiuri moRvaweobis Sesaxeb cnobebi ar mogvepoveba. albaT bevri maTgani

amgvari saqmianobiT arc iqneboda dakavebuli. mxolod calkeuli mTa-

varepiskoposebi, romlebic TavianTi damsaxurebiT da gavleniT gamoirCeodnen,

monawileobdnen aqtiurad qveynis politikur cxovrebaSi.

naSromis bolos quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikur cxovrebas

SevexeT, radgan mniSvnelovan saeklesio centrTan erTad, dasavleT saqarT-

veloSi es eparqia saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi msxvil sameurneo-ekonomikur or-

ganizacias warmoadgenda. am mxriv masalebi faqtobrivad XVI saukunidan mog-

vepoveba. Cven SeviswavleT XVI saukunidan XIX saukunis 10-ian wlebamde arse-

buli dokumentebi, romlebSic asaxuli iyo quTaisis eparqiaSi Semaval

soflebSi saepiskoposos kuTvnili glexebis begara-valdebulebani da iqidan

miRebuli Semosavali.

3

saistorio wyaroebisa da literaturis

zogadi mimoxilva

qarTuli da ucxoenovani saistorio wyaroebis monacemebis mixedviT Seve-

cadeT, met-naklebad srulad gadmogveca quTaisis saepiskoposos istoria am

eparqiis daarsebidan gauqmebamde, anu mTeli misi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi. Sesa-

bamis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gavmarTeT mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi,

TiToeuli maTganis zeobis SeZlebisdagvarad daTariRebiTurT. aseve SevexeT

quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebis saukuneTa manZilze mimdinare cvalebadobas

da am saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikuri cxovrebas.

quTaisis saepiskoposos Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanes cnobebi, upirveles yov-

lisa, ,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Sesuli Txzulebebi gvawvdis. am mxriv gansakuTre-

biT sainteresoa juanSer juanSerianis ,,cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~, ,,matiane

qarTlisaÁ~, ,,istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~, ,,cxovreba mefeT-mefisa

Tamarisi~, JamTaaRmwerlis `aswlovani matiane~ da beri egnataSvilis ,,axali

qarTlis cxovreba”.

quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis SeswavlisTvis Zalze didi mniSvneloba

aqvs vaxuSti bagrationis naSroms: ,,aRwera samefosa saqarTveloÁsa”. swavluli

batoniSvilis am TxzulebaSi pirvelad gvxdeba cnoba bagrat III-is mier qu-

Taisis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb. ,,aRwera samefosa saqarTveloÁsaSi~

mravali Zvirfasi cnoba moipoveba quTaTel mRvdelmTavrebsa da maTi eparqiis

Taobaze.

quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis bolo wlebis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobe-

bia daculi feodaluri xanis ukanaskneli qarTveli istorikosis, niko da-

dianis ,,qarTvelTa cxovrebaSi”. quTaisis ukanaskneli mTavarepiskoposis,

dosiTeosis Sesaxeb cnobebi moepoveba giorgi avaliSvils TxzulebaSi

,,mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde~.

XI-XV saukuneebis quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebis vinaobis dadgena

SesaZlebelia Semdegi saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT: giorgi mciris ,,cxovrebaÁ

giorgi mTawmindelisaÁ~, aTonis qarTvelTa monastris da ierusalimis qarT-

velTa jvris monastris saaRape wignebi (e. metrevelis gamocemebi), agreTve

ierusalimSi gadawerili xelnaweris, ,,epistoleni wminda makarisani”-s, kripto-

gramuli minawerebi (l. aTaneliSvilis gamocema). quTaTel mTavarepiskoposebis

Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs Seicavs XII saukunis tbeTis saxarebis minawerebi.

XVII saukunis quTaTel mTavarepiskoposze cnobas vxdebiT grigol nazianzelis

TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTuli xelnaweri wignis minawerebSi.

quTaisis mTavarepiskoposisa da misi uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb er-

Tiani saqarTvelos samefos xanaSi, SegviZlia vimsjeloT qarTuli samarTlis

iseTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglis mixedviT, rogoricaa ,,xelmwifis karis

garigeba~. amave saepiskoposoze mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi qarTuli saek-

lesio samarTlis ZeglebSi: ,,mcnebaÁ sasjulo~ da ,,kaTalikozTa samarTali~.

4

XI-XVI saukuneebSi quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebis Sesaxeb

mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi qarTul saeklesio dokumentSi _

,,kaTalikoznis xelqveSeTni mRvdelmTavarni da samwysoni samcxe-saaTabagoSi~.

quTaisis saepiskoposos da episkoposebis Sesaxeb saintereso masalebi moi-

poveba sxvadasxva kinklosur da qronikalur minawerebSi, romlebic ZiriTadad

gamoqveynebulia. Aam gamocemebs Soris, pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia ,,mcire

qronikebi~ (j. odiSelis gamocema), ,,cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa~ (g. alasanias ga-

mocema), `saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi~ (a. ioselianis gamocema).

quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis SeswavlisTvis saWiro wyaroTa Soris

umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia feodaluri xanis qarTul saero da saeklesio

dokumentebs. amaTgan, upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia ,,quTaisis saydris gamo-

savali begris davTari~, romlis mixedviT SesaZlebeli gaxda XVI saukunis II

naxevris quTaisis saepiskoposos yma-mamulisa da ekonomikuri cxovrebis saerTo

suraTis aRdgena. mravali saintereso cnobaa daculi dasavleT saqarTvelos

saeklesio da saero xasiaTis sigelebSi, romlebic T. Jordanias, eq. TayaiS-

vilis, s. kakabaZis, S. burjanaZis mier aris gamoqveynebuli. Zalze mniSvnelova-

nia quTaisis saepiskopososa da quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebis Sesaxeb feoda-

luri xanis qarTuli samarTlis, rogorc saeklesio, ise saero ZeglebSi

daculi cnobebi, romlebic i. doliZis mier gamocemul ,,qarTuli samarTlis

ZeglebSi~ aris mocemuli.

quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens k.

kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi da quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis sax-

elobis saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi daculi xelnawerebis

aRwerilobani.

Cvens naSromSi gamoyenebulia diubua de monperes, m. broses, g. wereTlis,

eq. TayaiSvilis, g. CubinaSvilis, g. boWoriZis da v. silogavas mier gamoqveyne-

buli epigrafikuli da lapidaruli warwerebi.

quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedrali adrefeodalur xanaSi dasavleT saqarT-

veloSi saeklesio reformis gatarebis Semdeg Seiqmna. cnobebi dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb am reformis winare periodSi arsebuli

mdgomareobis Taobaze konstantinepolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebul mi-

tropolitTa, episkoposTa da arqiepiskoposTa nusxebSi, noticiebSi moipoveba.

Aam nusxebis teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT da komentarebiT gamoaqveyna s. yauxCiS-

vilma Tavisi ,,georgikis~ IV tomSi. Cven agreTve visargebleT noticiebis bolo

gamocemiT, romelic frang mecnier Jan daruzes ekuTvnis.

quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis dasavleTevropuli wyaroebidan, pirvel

rigSi, aRsaniSnavia Jan Sardenis da i. giuldenStedtis mogzaurobaTa Canawere-

bi. quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebi gvxdeba makari

antioqelis TxzulebaSi (gamoyenebulia am Txzulebis rogorc qarTuli, ise

rusuli Targmani arabulidan). rusul saistorio wyaroebSi quTaisis saepisko-

posos Sesaxeb cnobebi XVII saukunis Sua wlebidan, imereTSi rusi elCebis a.

ievlevisa da n. toloCanovis muxlobriv angariSebSi gvxdeba. am saepiskoposos

Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebia daculi XVII-XVIII saukuneebis ruseT-saqarTvelos

diplomatiur mimoweraSi. 1801-1820 wlebis quTaisis saepiskoposos istoriis Se-

saxeb pirvelwyaros warmoadgens kavkasiis arqeografiuli komisiis mier gamoce-

muli ,,aqtebis~ IV-VI tomebSi gamoqveynebuli dokumentebi.

5

rogorc aRvniSneT, quTaisis saepiskoposos istoria monografiulad

dRemde Seswavlili ar yofila.1 Cveulebriv, mkvlevarebi an saepiskoposos war-

moSobis sakiTxs exebodnen, an kidev calkeuli quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis

zeobis wlebi dadgenas cdilobdnen.Aam mxriv erTaderT gamonakliss warmo-

adgens p. cxviloelis, igive p. karbelaSvilis 1892 wels gamoqveynebuli naSromi

,,sia afxazeTis kaTalikozTa, quTaTelTa da genaTelTa~, romelSic mocemulia

quTaisis mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri sia XI saukunidan XIX saukunis 10-

iani wlebis CaTvliT. p. cxviloelisTvis ucnobi iyo im droisTvis jer kidev

gamouqveynebeli mTeli rigi qarTuli Tu ucxoenovani saistorio masala. Sesa-

bamisad, mis mier Sedgenili XI-XVIII saukuneebis quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa

qronologiuri rigi arc srulia da arc zusti.

quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebis sakiTxs pirvelad p. ingoroyva Seexo.

amave sakiTxze Zalze saintereso mosazrebebi gamoTqva cnobilma qarTvelma is-

torikosma n. berZeniSvilma. quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebis TariRi sagange-

bod ganixila m. lorTqifaniZem. amave sakiTxs Seexnen istorikosebi: T. beraZe, b.

diasamiZe, b. kudava, o. lanCava, g. mWedliZe, q. CxataraiSvili, a. jafariZe.

XI-XII saukuneebis quTaisis mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi moce-

muli aqvs v. silogavas. calkeul quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa zeobis wlebs

Seexnen qarTveli istorikosebi: z. abaSiZe, l. aTaneliSvili, S. burjanaZe, g.

gagoSiZe, s. kakabaZe, k. kekeliZe, b. lominaZe, e. metreveli, m. nikoleiSvili, T.

Jordania, o. soselia, a. tuRuSi, T. qoriZe, iv. javaxiSvili, T. jojua. vinaidan

Sua saukuneebSi quTaisis saepiskoposos arseboba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli

imereTis samefosTan, am mxriv sainteresoa e. gvenetaZis naSromSi _ ,,imereTis

samefos warmoqmnis istoriidan~.

s. kakabaZem sagangebo gamokvleva miuZRvna XVI saukunis II naxevris quTai-

sis saepiskoposos meurneobas. manve sagangebod Seiswavla XIX saukunis dasawyi-

sis quTaisis saepiskoposos ekonomikuri mdgomareoba.

calkeul quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa politikuri moRvaweoba da diplo-

matiuri saqmianoba ganxilulia S. burjanaZis, i. lorTqifaniZis, v. maWaraZis, l.

meliqseT-begis, g. paiWaZis, m. rexviaSvilis naSromebSi.

1 aRniSnul Temaze Cemi sadisertacio naSromis dacvidan samiode wlis Semdeg, g. mWedliZisa da m. kezevaZis avtorobiT 2008 wels quTaisSi gamoica naSromi saTau-riT: `quTais-gaenaTis eparqia (istoria da Tanamedroveoba)~. rogorc Cans, dasax-elebuli avtorebi ar gascnobian Cems sadisertacio naSroms da arc avtoreferats (yovel SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli literaturis siaSi igi ar fiqsirdeba). amis gamo quTaisis eparqiis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT Cvens mier dazustebuli araerTi de-tali aRniSnul naSromSi ar asaxula.

6

Tavi I. quTaisis saepiskoposos daarseba

1. quTaisis saepiskoposos daarseba

dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio centrebs Soris quTaisis saepiskoposo

erT-erTi uZvelesi da mdidari warsulis mqone eparqiaa. am saepiskoposos ram-

denime saukunis ganmavlobaSi Tavisi mniSvnelobiTa da samwysos teritoriiT

gamorCeuli adgili ekava saqarTvelos sxva saeklesio kaTedrebs Soris. miux-

edavad didi mniSvnelobisa, quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb avTentu-

ri cnobebi ar mogvepoveba da am eparqiis warmoqmnis sakiTxi Tanamedrove qar-

Tuli istoriografiaSi bolomde dadgenili ar aris, rac mkvlevar-

istorikosTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs. yovelive es isev saistorio

wyaroTa simwiriT aixsneba.

quTaisis saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb cnobas mxolod XVIII saukunis

qarTveli istorikosi da geografi vaxuSti bagrationi gvawvdis: ,,aqa aRaSena

n~v, mefeman bagrat yovlad wmidisa eklesia Suenieri, gumbaTiani, sruliad so-

fiis kenWiTa Sinagan qmnuli da marmariloTa spetakiTa, wiTliTa da WreliTa

da suetebiTa misiTave, da yovliTa SemkobilebiTa sruli, da friad didi. Dda-

sua episkopozi, mwyemsi imereTisa da guriisa, TÂnier raWa-leCxumisa. zis awca

da arRara egdeniTa samwyosoTi~ (6,761).

vaxuStisTan moxseniebuli erTiani saqarTvelos pirveli mefis, bagrat III-

is (978_1014 ww.) mier quTaisSi mariam RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobaze kaTe-

dralis aSeneba 1003 wlisTvis dasrulda, rasac am taZris samSeneblo warwere-

bi gvamcnobs (warwerebi aRdgenili teqstis saxiT mogvyavs):

,,SewevniTa RmrTisaÁTa, bagratisagan nebiTa RmrTisaÁTa afxazTa da qarT-

velTa mefisa da kurapalatisa da dedisa maTisa guranduxt dedoflisa, aRaSena

wmidaÁ ese saydari...~ [202, 1. 40, 53] da meore warwera _ ,,odes ganmtkicna iataki

qoronikoni iyo 223~ [40, 52]. qoronikoni arabuli cifrebiT aris aRniSnuli da

1003 wels Seesabameba. es arabuli cifrebis yvelaze Zveli damowmebaa saqarT-

veloSi.

bagrat III-is, rogorc quTaisis taZris amSeneblis Sesaxeb, mogviTxrobs

agreTve XI saukunis anonimi, ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtori: ,,amanve akurTxa ek-

lesia quTaTisa gangebiTa didiTa da miuwdomeliTa, rameTu Semokribna maxlo-

belni yovelni Ãelmwifeni da kaTalikosni, mRdelTmoZRuarni da yovelni mo-

nasterTa winamZRuarni, da yovelni didebulni zemoni da quemoni, mamulisa da

samefosa misisa myofni, da sxuaTa yovelTa saÃelmwifoTani~ [25, 281].

,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s am cnobaSi araferia naTqvami quTaisSi episkoposis

dadgenis Taobaze. aq dafiqsirebulia mxolod axali sakaTedro taZris kurTxe-

vis ambavi, romelic grandiozuli zeimiT aRiniSna. vfiqrobT, rom vaxuStis ze-

moT aRniSnuli cnobis wyaroa ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~ da man quTaisSi taZris

kurTxevas saepiskoposos daarsebac daukavSira.

dasavleT saqarTvelos politikur da kulturul centrSi, egris-

afxazeTis samefos dedaqalaq quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTedris daarsebis Sesax-

7

eb saistorio wyaroebSi, am cnobis garda, sxva xelmosaWidi miTiTeba ar mogve-

poveba. ufro adre, sanam quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTedra daarsdeboda, erTi um-

niSvnelovanesi movlena moxda:

IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze egris-afxazeTis samefoSi didi saeklesio reforma

Catarda. dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia, romelic manamde bizantiis eklesiis

Semadgeneli nawili iyo da konstantinepolis patriarqs emorCileboda, Camo-

Sorda berZnul eklesias da calke _ afxazeTis anu biWvinTis sakaTalikosod

Camoyalibda.

qarTul istoriografiaSi am movlenis TariRad Semdegi qronologiuli

monakveTebia dasaxelebuli:

,,iv. javaxiSvili _ VIII-IX saukuneebi [161, 122], p. ingoroyva _ IX saukunis I

naxevari [97, 244-246], n. berZeniSvili _ IX saukunis II naxevari [77, 45], s. yaux-

CiSvili _ X saukunis dasawyisi [8, 193-201], k. kekeliZe _ X saukunis meore nax-

evari [110, 354-357], z. anCabaZe _ IX saukunis 40-iani wlebis Semdgomi periodi [187,

146], m. lorTqifaniZe _ IX saukunis I naxevari [126, 424-427], v. goilaZe _ X sau-

kunis damdegi [88, 178], a. jafariZe _ 830 weli [165, 75], b. diasamiZe _ 835-842

wlebs Soris periodi [89, 220], g. mWedliZe _ XI saukunis 30-iani wlebi [136., 530],

b. kudava _ IX saukunis 80_90-iani wlebi (IX-X saukuneTa mijna) [115, 33-48. 116,

574].

,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Semavali saistorio Txzulebis, ,,matiane qarTli-

saÁ~-s CanarTis cnobis mixedviT, dasavleT saqarTvelos anu afxazeTis kaTali-

kosis dadgena bagrat I kurapalats (826-872 ww.) ukavSirdeba, romelic tao-

klarjeTSi ,,qarTvelTa samefos~ mflobeli iyo: ,,xolo aman bagrat ganaCina da

ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs qristes aqeT y l~ [25, 225], romelic 830 wels

Seesabameba.

vaxuSti bagrationi am faqts, e. i. afxazeTSi kaTalikosis dadgenas, VIII

saukunis meore naxevarSi egris-afxazeTis mefe leon II-is (758-798 ww.) saxels

ukavSirebda [6, 796].

,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s CanarTis cnobasTan dakavSirebiT, rom bagrat I-ma

kurapalatma afxazeTis kaTalikosi daadgina, n. berZeniSvili varaudobda, rom

es egris-afxazeTis mefe bagrat I-s (881-893 ww.) unda ukavSirdebodes. misi azriT,

amis amsaxveli cnoba romeliRac Zveli wyarodan ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s Canar-

Tis avtorma SecdomiT bagrat I kurapalats miawera [77, 45-46]. amave azrs izia-

rebs b. kudavac [115, 47-48]. xolo a. jafariZis mosazrebiT 830 wels bagrat I ku-

rapalatis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis oficialurad aRiareba moxda

[165, 75].

am xanis dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio wes-wyobilebis Sesaxeb cnobebi

daculia ekTesisebSi: konstantinepolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebul mi-

tropolitTa, episkoposTa da arqiepiskoposTa nusxebSi. es nusxebi or jgufad

iyofa:

pirveli jgufis ekTesisebi, romlebic Sedgenilia bizantiaSi leon VI-is

(886-911 ww.) gakeisrebamde, warmodgenilia I, VI, VII, VIII da IX noticiebSi. am ek-

TesisebSi konstantinopolis patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebul mitropolitTa,

episkoposTa da arqiepiskoposTa siebSi moxseniebulia dasavleT saqarTvelos

saeklesio centrebi: fazisis (foTis) mitropoliti lazeTSi da misdami daqvem-

debarebuli oTxi episkoposi: rodopolisis (vardcixe), saisis (caiSi), petras

(cixisZiri), ziganevis (gudayva); afxazeTSi sebastopolisis (soxumi) avtoke-

faluri arqiepiskoposi, xolo jiqeTSi nikofsiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi.

8

am jgufis ekTesisebidan yvelaze gviandelia I noticia, romelic 820_829 wle-

biT TariRdeba [8, 180_184].

meore jgufis ekTesisebi, romlebic Sedgenilia leon VI-is dros da Sevse-

bulia leonis Semdeg, X-XIV saukuneebSi, warmodgenilia II, III, IV, X, Xa, Xb, Xg,

Xd noticiebSi. am ekTesisebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi konstan-

tinopolis patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebaSi myof kaTedrebs Soris moxsenie-

bulni ar aris. ekTesisebis nomenklaturaSi lazikis eparqiad axali mitropo-

liaa warmodgenili, romelsac trapizonis mitropoliti meTaurobs. am jgufis

ekTesisebidan yvelaze adreulia Xb noticia, romelic 901-907 wlebSia Sedgeni-

li [8, 181, 196].

frangma mecnierma J. daruzma daadgina, rom VI noticia, romelic mxolod

samitropolito siebisgan Sedgeba, 879 wlis konstantinepolis sapatriarqos

adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis nusxebTan amJRavnebs siaxloves da misi Sedgena

am krebis axlo xanebSia savaraudebeli (J. daruzis gamokvlevas viyenebT b. ku-

davas sadisertacio naSromze dayrdnobiT). am noticiaSi fazisis mitropolia

lazikaSi isev konstantinepolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSia. aqedan gamom-

dinare, savaraudebelia, rom 879 wlis axlo xanebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos sae-

piskoposoebi isev konstantinepolis patriarqs eqvemdebarebian [115, 26. 117, 45].

X saukunis dasawyisidan, rogorc es Xb noticiidan Cans, dasavleT saqarT-

velo eklesiurad bizantiisagan CamoSorebulia. imave saukuneSi egris-afxazeTis

mefeebi axali saeklesio politikis gatarebas iwyeben. TandaTanobiT gauqmda

berZnuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebi da saeklesio centrebi axladdafuZnebul

qarTul saepiskoposoebSi gadadis. Sesabamisad, Zveli saepiskoposo erTeulebis

teritoriac da samwysoc axali saepiskoposoebis kuTvnilebaSi gadavida.

qarTul istoriografiaSi quTaisSi saepiskoposos daarsebis sakiTxs pir-

velebi p. ingoroyva da n. berZeniSvili Seexnen.

p. ingoroyvas TvalsazrisiT, IX saukuneSi egris-afxazeTis mefis, demetre

II-is (825-861 ww.) dros, imisTvis, rom SeesustebinaT bizantiuri saeklesio gav-

lena, daiwyes Zveli saeklesio centrebis, saepiskoposo kaTedrebis moSla da

maT nacvlad axali, qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daarseba. gaauqmes afxazeTis anu

sebastopolisis (cxumi, soxumi) da nikofsiis (jiqeTSi) saarqiepiskoposoebi da

maT nacvlad axali saeklesio centri _ biWvinTis kaTedra daaarses, romelic

afxazeTis kaTalikosis rezidencia gaxda. aseve Secvales Zveli berZnuli saek-

lesio centrebi lazeTis samitropolitoSi, romelsac saTaveSi fazisis mitro-

politi edga. am mitropolits rodopolisis, caiSis, petras da ziganeosis

episkoposebi eqvemdebarebodnen. rodopolisis kaTedra gadaitanes dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos dedaqalaq quTaisSi. amave dros gauqmda petras saepiskoposo da ka-

Tedra quTaisSi gadavida. Zveli centrebis es Senacvleba, rac IX saukuneSi

daiyo, gagrZelda momdevno xanaSi. Eegris-afxazeTis mefis, giorgi II-is (922-957

ww.) dros gaauqmes fazisis samitropolito kaTedra da igi axladdaarsebul

Wyondidis saepiskoposoSi gadaitanes [97, 246, 249]. fazisidan WyondidSi sae-

piskoposo kaTedris gadatanasTan dakavSirebiT p. ingoroyvas informaciis wya-

ros ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~ warmoadgens, magram iq msgavsi ram aRniSnuli ar aris.

n. berZeniSvilma foTis (fazisis, paliastomis) taZridan paliastomis xatis

quTaisSi gadasveneba, fazisSi samitropolitos gauqmebas da quTaisSi saek-

lesio centris gadatanas daukavSira. misi azriT, es bagrat III-is dros unda

momxdariyo: ,,romelmac quTaisi hyo saepiskoposod~ [81, 526, 598]. ufro adre, n.

9

berZeniSvili fazisis samitropolitos pativs Wyondidelze gadasulad miiCnev-

da [77, 53], magram SemdegSi man Tavisi mosazreba Secvala.

m. lorTqifaniZem vaxuSti bagrationis cnoba bagrat III-is mier quTaisSi

kaTedris daarsebisa da iq episkoposis dasmis Sesaxeb dasaSvebad miiCnia, magram

xazi gausva erT damafiqrebel garemoebas, rom ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtori

erTdroulad mogviTxrobs bagrat III-is mier bediisa da quTaisis taZrebis age-

basa da mis dros am eklesiebis kurTxevis Sesaxeb, sagangebod aRniSnavs bagra-

tis mier bediis Seqmnas ,,saydrad saepiskoposod~, xolo quTaisis saepiskoposod

damkvidrebis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. m. lorTqifaniZem amasTan dakavSirebiT

dauSva varaudi, rom afxazeTis mefe leon II-is (an afxazeTis romelime sxva

pirveli mefis) dros SeiZleboda quTaisSi saepiskoposo daarsebuliyo. misi mo-

sazrebiT, quTaisis cixis SigniT arsebuli V saukunis eklesiis VIII saukunis II

naxevarSi ganaxleba-gafarToeba am aqtiT unda yofiliyo ganpirobebuli, xolo

bagrat III-is mier quTaisis axali taZris agebis dros gafarTovda quTaTeli

episkoposis samwyso da mas imereTis garda guriac miemata [127, 115-117].

o. lanCavas azriT, VIII saukunis bolosTvis quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTe-

dra vardcixidan gadmoitanes (119, 215). XI saukunis dasawyisiT (1003 wlis axlo

xanebiT) aTariReben quTaisSi saepiskoposos daarsebas q. CxataraiSvili [154, 139]

da g. mWedliZe [136, 536]. T. beraZis TvalsazrisiT, saeklesio reforma dasavleT

saqarTveloSi bagrat III-is dros dasrulda, rodesac man X saukunis bolos

gudayvis saepiskoposo kaTedra bediis axladSeqmnil saepiskoposoSi gadaitana,

xolo cota mogvianebiT petrasa da rodopolisis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi

gaauqma da maT nacvlad Tavis sataxto qalaq quTaisSi, axlad agebul taZarSi

samTavarepiskoposo kaTedra daaarsa. 1003 wels quTaisis kaTedralis kurTxeva

moxda, romelic paliastomis RvTismSoblis xatis saxelze aSenda [72, 192]. am

eklesiis mTavari xati paliastomis RvTismSoblis xati gaxda, romelic fazisis

taZridan gadaitanes, xolo fazisis kaTedra sabolood gauqmda [68, 86].

quTaisSi saepiskoposos daarsebas vrclad Seexo b. kudava. misi azriT, aq

kaTedris ararseboba 1003 wlamde ar unda iyos moulodneli, radgan: a) pirveli

quTaTeli episkoposebis moRvaweobis xana X-XI saukuneTa mijnas da XI saukunis

I naxevars udgeba; b) ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtors, romelic bagrat III-is mier

quTaisis taZris ageba-kurTxevis ambavs gvamcnobs, ar gamorCeboda quTaisSi sae-

piskoposos daarseba, Tu ki is ufro adreul periods, egris-afxazeTis mefeebis,

giorgi II-is an leon III-is (957-967 ww.) xanas ukavSirdeboda [115, 60-61]. igi miiC-

nevs, rom X-XI saukuneTa mijnamde rodopolisis saepiskoposo ganagrZobda ar-

sebobas. amis dasturad imowmebs 1963 wels frangi mecnieris, vinsen loranis

mier gamoqveynebul, benakis muzeumSi dacul sabeWdavis berZnul warweras, sa-

dac ioane episkoposi ixsenieba. v. lorani am warweraSi moxseniebul toponim

,,Ροδωπ~-s rodopolisis saepiskopososTan akavSirebs da paleografiuli niSne-

bis mixedviT warweras zogadad X-XI saukuneebiT aTariRebs. am argumentebidan

gamomdinare, b. kudavam rodopolisisa da petras saepiskoposoebis gauqmebis

TariRad 1003 weli miiCnia da quTaisis saepiskoposos daarseba bagrat III-is sax-

els daukavSira, X-XI saukuneTa mijnaze [115, 54, 126, 130].

is, rom quTaTeli episkoposebi XI saukunis dasawyisamde saistorio wya-

roebSi ar ixseniebian, damajerebels ver xdis im faqts, rom quTaisSi swored

am xanaSi daarsda saepiskoposo. X saukuneSi daarsebul Wyondidis da moqvis

eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebi saistorio wyaroebSi pirvelad mxolod XI saukuneSi

gvxvdebian.

10

dasavleT saqarTveloSi axali saeklesio erTeulebis SeqmnasTan dakavSi-

rebiT, ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-Si sayuradReboa erTi tendencia. matianes avtori X

saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi axali sakaTedro eklesiis aSenebas, sae-

piskoposos daarsebas da episkoposis daniSvnas aucileblad erTdroulad aR-

niSnavs da movlenasac am saxiT gvamcnobs. magaliTad: giorgi II-m ,,aRaSena say-

dari Wyondidisa, Seqmna saepiskoposod da ganaSuena igi nawilTa simravliTa...~

[25, 265]; giorgi II-is Zem, egris-afxazeTis mefe leon III-m ,,aRaSena eklesia moqÂsa

da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod, akurTxa da ganasrula yovliTa gangebiTa...~

[25, 270]; bagrat III-m ,,aRaSena saydari bediisa da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod,

mocvala mun gudayÂs saepiskoposo, Sewirna sofelni mravalni yovelTa ÃevTa

da adgilTa, ganasrula yovliTa gangebiTa, Seamko yovliTa samkauliTa ekle-

sia, akurTxa da dasua episkoposi~ [25, 281].

,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s am ukanaskneli cnobis Semdeg moTxrobilia bagrat

III-is mier quTaisSi axali sakaTedro eklesiis kurTxevis ambavi, magram saepis-

koposos dafuZnebis Sesaxeb saistorio wyaro arafers gvamcnobs. safiqrebelia,

rom mematianis cnoba exeba quTaisSi axali, RvTismSoblis kaTedralis kur-

Txevas da ara saepiskoposos daarsebas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Zveli qarTveli

istorikosi iseT mniSvnelovan movlenas, rogoric samefos dedaqalaqSi saekle-

sio kaTedris daarsebaa, aRniSvnis gareSe ar datovebda da wina sami saepisko-

posos msgavsad, aqac garkveviT miuTiTebda bagratis mier quTaisSi saepiskopo-

sos daarsebis da episkoposis dasmis Sesaxeb.

rac Seexeba 1003 wels rodopolisis saepiskoposos gauqmebis da am saekle-

sio kaTedris quTaisiT Secvlis argumentad zemoT naxsenebi, benakis muzeumSi

daculi ioane episkoposis sabeWdavis X-XI saukuneebis berZnuli warweris miCne-

vas, Cveni mxridan daumatebdiT, rom warweraSi naxsenebi toponimi ,,Ροδωπ~-i SeiZleba sulac ar niSnavdes maincdamainc rodopolisels, radgan konstantine-

polis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi iyo aseve rodopis samTavarepiskoposo

balkaneTSi [8, 128, 166]. albaT, warweraSi moxseniebuli ioane rodopis mTavare-

piskoposi unda yofiliyo. vfiqrobT, rom rodopolisis saepiskoposo ufro

adreul xanaSi gauqmda da misi kaTedra quTaisSi maSin gadaitanes.

quTaisis SidacixeSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlinda daax-

loebiT V-VI saukuneebSi agebuli bazilikuri tipis samabsidiani eklesia, ro-

melic nagebi yofila kargad gaTlili qvis kvadrebiT. es eklesia VIII saukunis

II naxevarSi ganuaxlebiaT. misi sigrZe _ 11,45 metrs, xolo sigane 7,80 metrs

Seadgenda [120, 74-75]. quTaisis eklesiis Sesaxeb vigebT qarTveli mematianis,

juanSeris Txzulebidan, rodesac avtori daaxloebiT 735 wlisTvis stefanoz

III qarTlis erismTavarisa da misi Svilebis _ miris da arCilis arabi sardlis,

murvan yrusagan devnis ambavs exeba. stefanozi egrisSi gardaicvala da juan-

Seris sityvebiT: ,,...dahflen saydarsa quTaTisa~ [62, 241]. stefanozis cxedari

Semdeg gadmoasvenes da xelmeored dakrZales atenis sionSi [72, 99].

SesaZlebelia, es Zveli eklesia SemdgomSi gaxda quTaTel episkoposTa re-

zidencia, rodesac aq saepiskoposo kaTedra dafuZnda. safiqrebelia isic, rom

bagrat III-m am Zveli eklesiis magivrad quTaisis saepiskopososaTvis X-XI sau-

kuneebis mijnaze axali sakaTedro taZari aaSena, romelic quTaTel mRvdel-

mTavarTa axali samyofeli gaxda. erTiani samefos dedaqalaqis saepiskoposos

swored aseTi grandiozuli kaTedrali Seefereboda.

vaxuStis moepoveba erTi cnoba, rom ,,bagrat Ze gurgenisa (bagrat III)

akurTxes quTaTiss mefed~ [6, 800]. ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s mixedviT ki qarTlSi

11

egris-afxazeTis mefis erisTavis, ioane maruSisZis iniciativiT, ,,STaiyvanes igi

afxazeTs da daloces mefed...~ [25, 275].

,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~ ar akonkretebs bagratis mefed kurTxevis adgils, ma-

gram ufro sarwmuno iqneboda, rogorc vaxuStis aqvs aRniSnuli, igi quTaisSi

ekurTxebinaT. xolo es kurTxeva albaT quTaisis Zvel eklesiaSi moxda, radgan

Zneli warmosadgenia, samefo taxtze amsvleli piri saepiskoposo taZarSi rom

ar daelocaT mefed.

Tu es mosazreba sworia, 978 wlisTvis quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTedra ukve

daarsebuli unda yofiliyo.

quTaisis axladdaarsebuli saepiskoposos samwyso gaxda fazisis samitro-

politoSi Semavali rodopolisis da petras saepiskoposoebi. pirveli eparqia,

romelic quTaisTan teritoriulad axlos mdebareobda, iyo rodopolisisa.

rodopolisis episkoposi fazisis mitropolitis pirvelmosaydred iTvleboda

[8, 187]. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ekTesisebSi faziseli mitropolitis Semdeg momdev-

nod mudam rodopoliselia dasaxelebuli. rodopolisis kaTedra quTaisSi ga-

daitanes [97, 249], Tumca p. ingoroyvas es mosazreba n. berZeniSvilma ar gaizia-

ra. misi azriT: ,,quTaisma rom vardcixis saepiskoposo Secvala, mcdaria. es sae-

piskoposoebis cvla ise ki ar gavigoT, rom es berZnuli kaTedrebis cvlileba

iyo qarTuliT, aramed ise, rom axal (feodalur) xanaSi, axali centrebi (po-

litikuri, ekonomikuri) warmoisaxa. axali administraciuli dayofa gaxda saWi-

ro da axali saepiskoposoebic amis mixedviT gaCnda, xolo Zveli, drowasuli

da Sinaarss moklebuli, dakninda _ gauqmda [81, 526].

vardcixeSi rodopolisis kaTedralis, rodopolisel episkoposTa mTavari

taZris naSTebi jerjerobiT arqeologebis mier gamovlenili ar aris. savarau-

dod, misi saZirkveli Tanamedrove sasaflaos mowyobisas ganadgurda [167, 143].

aseve quTaiss daukavSires Savi zRvis sanapiro zonaSi petras saeklesio

kaTedra [97, 249]. es mxare eklesiurad quTaisis saepiskoposos daeqvemdebara.

mesxeTis saepiskoposoTa sazRvrebis aRwerilobis (XVI saukunis dokumenti) mix-

edviT, qvemo aWara _ quTaTeli episkoposis daqvemdebarebaSi, xolo zemo aWara

tbeTis episkoposis samwysoSi iyo moqceuli [26, 77]. quTaisis saepiskoposos sam-

wysoSi Sedioda mTeli guria [6, 791, 42, 336-341]. n. berZeniSvilis azriT, petras

saepiskoposo axladSeqmnilma xinos saepiskoposom Secvala [81; 598], xolo b. di-

asamiZis varaudiT, erTxans Tanamedrove aWara ori saepiskoposos: tbeTis da xi-

nos samwysos Seadgenda [89, 179]. vfiqrobT, rom es mosazrebebi sinamdviles ar

unda Seesabamebodes, radgan guriaSi saepiskoposo kaTedrebis dafuZneba da qu-

TaTelis samwysosagan maTi CamoSoreba, rogorc dadgenilia, XV saukuneSi mox-

da [154, 142-143. 188. 143. 201, 183].

petras episkoposTa kaTedrali petras Sidacixis centrSi mdebareobda. ar-

qeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad iq samnaviani bazilikis saZirkveli gamovlinda.

bazilika VI saukuniT TariRdeba da misi gansakuTrebiT didi zomebis gamo, ri-

Tac igi dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva Tanadrouli bazilikebisagan gamoirCeva,

mas petras sakaTedro taZrad miiCneven [96, 107. 95, 147. 195, 17-18. 146, 26].

dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnul saeklesio kaTedraTa Soris gamorCeuli

adgili fazisis samitropolitos ekava, romlis centri unda yofiliyo VI sau-

kunis bizantiel avtor agaTia sqolastikosTan moxseniebuli, ,,qristianTa So-

ris Zalian ganTqmuli taZari, romelic qalaqs bevrad ar iyo moSorebuli~ [1,

112-113]. fazisis samitropolitos gauqmebis Semdeg, misi saeklesio centris

Wyondidis, Tu quTaisis saepiskoposoTi Secvlis da faziseli mitropolitis

12

pativis Wyondidelze Tu quTaTelze gadasvlis sakiTxi mkvlevarTa Soris bo-

lomde dadgenili ar aris.

p. ingoroyvas Tvalsazrisi, rom fazisis mitropoliis gauqmebis Semdeg mi-

si kaTedra Wyondidis saepiskoposoSi gadaitanes, b. kudavam ganaviTara. misi

daskvniT, pativis TvalsazrisiT da teritoriuli memkvidreobiT fazisis sami-

tropolitos memkvidre Wyondidis saepiskoposo gamodis [115, 127]. meore mxriv,

rogorc es n. berZeniSvils da T. beraZes aqvT aRniSnuli, fazisis samitropo-

litos gauqmebis Semdeg samitropolito kaTedra da paliastomis xati quTaisSi

gadmoitanes.

paliastomis xatTan dakavSirebiT b. kudavam gamoTqva mosazreba, rom qu-

TaisSi am xatis gadmosveneba fazisidan quTaisSi saeklesio centris gadmotanas

ar unda ukavSirdebodes da es xati sxvadasxva garemoebebis gamo (mtris Semose-

vis SiSiT, stiqiuri ubedurebiT) aris quTaisis taZarSi X-XI saukuneTa mijnaze

gadasvenebuli, bagrat III-is mier taZris Semkobis mizniT. igi aseve aRniSnavs,

rom paliastomis xati quTaisis kaTedralis mTavari xati ar iyo, radgan rusi

elCebis aRwerilobis mixedviT, quTaisis eklesiis mTavar xatad RvTismSoblis

sxva xati Cans [115, 90-96].

1650-1652 wlebSi imereTis samefoSi rusi elCebi: a. ievlevi da n. toloCano-

vi imyofebodnen. maT quTaisis RvTismSoblis taZari daaTvalieres, romlis sa-

kurTxevlis kedelze RvTismSoblis xati iyo dakiduli, xolo paliastomis xa-

ti aRsavlis karebis marcxena mxares, vlaqernis xatis Semdeg esvena [4, 137-139].

miuxedavad imisa, rom paliastomis xati bagratis taZris sakurTxevelSi ar

esvena, is mainc quTaisis kaTedralis umTavres siwminded iTvleboda. amas mow-

mobs levan II dadianis mier taZrisadmi Sewiruli barZimis warwera:

,,mindobilman Tqvenman Ãelmwifeman dadianman patronman levan Tqven quTaTisa

da paliastomisa R~Tis (RvTismSobelsa) (Semogwire) barZimi ese...~ [91, 75-76]. XVII

saukunis Sua xanaSi moRvawe quTaTeli episkoposi svimoni Tavis Tavs ,,quTaisisa

da paliastomis yovladwmidisa mitropolits~ uwodebda [4, 175].

vfiqrobT, rom quTaTeli episkoposis am tituliT moxsenieba im tradiciiT

iyo ganpirobebuli, romliTac quTaTelebi faziseli (paliastomi) mRvdelmTa-

vrebis pativis samarTalmemkvidred miiCnevdnen Tavs.

Tu ki, rogorc b. kudava miiCnevs, fazisis samitropolitos saeklesio ka-

Tedris, pativis da samwysos memkvidred Wyondidis saepiskoposo gamodis, maSin

gaugebaria, ratom WyondidSi ar gadaitanes paliastomis xati, romelic quTais-

Tan SedarebiT ufro daculi mxarea.

amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa erTi faqtic: 1060 wels, rodesac bizan-

tiidan saqarTveloSi zRviT cnobili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe giorgi

mTawmindeli Camovida, mas foTSi quTaTeli episkoposi ilarioni daxvda, ro-

melmac giorgi mTawmindeli qarTlis sazRvramde miacila [10, 159]. vfiqrobT,

rom sapatio stumars is saeklesio ierarqi Seegeba, romlis samwysoSi Sedioda

foTi. sxva SemTxvevaSi, Tuki es qalaqi Wyondidis saepiskoposos samwyso iqne-

boda, giorgi mTawmindels iq Wyondidis episkoposi daxvdeboda.

aqedan gamomdinare, marTebulad migvaCnia n. berZeniSvilis da T. beraZis

mosazreba, rom fazisis samitropolitos saeklesio centri quTaisSi gadaitanes

da faziseli mitropolitebis samwyso quTaTel episkoposebs daeqvemdebara.

magram vfiqrobT, rom es reforma bagrat III-is mefobisas ar unda momxda-

riyo. es ufro adreul xanaSi unda ganexorcielebinaT. Tanac logikuri da ga-

marTlebuli iqneboda egris-afxazeTis mefeTa moqmedeba, Tuki saeklesio damou-

kideblobis mopovebis gzaze, pirvel rigSi, fazisis samitropolitos gaauq-

13

mebdnen, saidanac dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantiis imperiis saeklesio Tu sax-

elmwifoebrivi interesebis ganxorcieleba xdeboda. Sesabamisad, am saeklesio

centris struqturis gadatanis SemTxvevaSi, iseve rogorc rodopolisisa da

petrasi, yvelaze misaRebi adgili quTaisi iqneboda.

TavisTavad ibadeba kiTxva: bagrat III-is dros Tu moxda quTaisis saepisko-

posos daarseba, rodopolisisa da petras saeklesio kaTedrebis moSla da maTi

quTaTelis samwysod gadaqceva, fazisis samitropolitos gauqmeba da paliasto-

mis xatis quTaisis axladaSenebul sakaTedro taZarSi gadmosveneba, ratom ga-

morCa esoden mniSvnelovani movlena ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtors. ra mizeziT

ar aRniSna sagangebod es faqti, maSin rodesac imave bagrat III-is mier fazisis

samitropolitoSi Semavali erT-erTi saeklesio kaTedris, gudayvis moSla da

mis nacvlad bediis saepiskoposos Seqmna gvamcno?

vfiqrobT, rom ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtori am umniSvnelovanes movlenas

aucileblad aRniSnavda, es rom misTvis SedarebiT axlo xanaSi, X-XI saukuneTa

mijnaze, an XI saukunis dasawyisSi momxdariyo, miT ufro, 1003 wels quTaisis

kaTedralis sazeimo kurTxevas damTxveoda.

SesaZlebelia, yovelive es ganpirobebuli yofiliyo am aqtis siZveliT. e.

i. ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtorma XI saukuneSi saWirod ar miiCnia, sagangebod

aReniSna, Tu romeli kaTedrebis memkvidre gaxda quTaisis saepiskoposo, radgan

es ukve didi xnis winaT momxdari movlena iyo.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gamoiTqvas varaudi, rom quTaisis sae-

piskoposo kaTedris daarseba IX-X saukuneTa mijnas unda ganekuTvnebodes, im

dros, rodesac dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio centrebi konstantinepolis

sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebidan gamovida.

qronologiurad es periodi egris-afxazeTSi bagrat I-is (881-893 ww.), kons-

tantine III-is (893-922 ww.) da giorgi II-is (922-957 ww.) mefobis xanas emTxveva.

konstantinepolis sapatriarqodan dasavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebis ga-

moyofa bagrat I-is dros naklebad savaraudoa, radgan is karga xans konstanti-

nepolSi imyofeboda Tavis qveynidan gaZevebuli da egris-afxazeTis samefo

taxti bizantiis imperiis jarisa da flotis daxmarebiT daibruna [25, 261].

Ggiorgi II-is mefobis dros ,,matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtorma am mefis mier Wyon-

didis saepiskoposos daarsebisa da iq episkoposis dasmis Sesaxeb gvamcno.

konstantinepolis sapatriarqodan dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio kaTe-

drebis gamoyofa, dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu biWvinTis sakaTalikosos daarseba

IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze kargad uTavsdeba konstantine III-is mefobis xanas. mis

dros egris-afxazeTis samefo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aqtiur politikas

awarmoebda. qarTlSi konstantine mefesa da somxiTis mefe sumbat tiezerkals

Soris brZolebi warmoebda ufliscixisTvis, romelic dazavebis Semdeg afxa-

zeTis mefes darCa. ramdenime wlis mere kaxeTis qorepiskopos kvirikes mowode-

biT, konstantine III-m hereTSi ilaSqra. hereTis mTavarma adarnese patrikma mas

ariSis da gavazis cixeebi gadasca. ukan dabrunebisas konstantine mefem ala-

verdis wminda giorgis xati oqroTi Seamko [25, 262-264].

sayuradReboa aseve konstantinopolis patriarqis, nikoloz mistikosis

(901-907 da 912-925 wlebi) samZimris werili giorgi II-isadmi, sadac nikoloz mis-

tikosi gardacvlil konstantine mefes didi pativiT ixsienebs: ,,Seni unetaresi

mamis gardacvalebis gamo ...damwuxrebulebi varT da TanavugrZnobT Sens damwu-

xrebul guls, da yvela imaTgans, romlebsac ki aqvT unari uyvardeT adamiani;

vaJkacobiTa da sikeTiT Semkuli, gansakuTrebuli iyo mamaSeni, yvelas mier qe-

14

buli da gancvifrebis Rirsad aRiarebuli.~ Semdeg patriarqi agrZelebs _

,,araferSi mogakldes mamiseuli warmatebebi da Seni mama, egoden unetaresi, ga-

moaCine Seni zniT da vaJkacobiT...~ [8, 209-218].

SesaZlebelia, swored konstantine III-s ukavSirdebodes quTaisSi saepisko-

poso kaTedris daarseba da pirveli episkoposis daniSvna, aseve fazisis, rodo-

polisisa da petras eklesiurad quTaisTan dakavSireba. Tumca saistorio wya-

roebSi amis Sesaxeb cnobebi jerjerobiT ar mogvepoveba. TviT ,,matiane qarTli-

saÁ~-s avtoric dasavleT saqarTveloSi axali qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daar-

sebis Sesaxeb cnobas mxolod Semdegi periodisTvis, egris-afxazeTSi konstan-

tine III-is Zis, giorgi II-is mefobis droidan gvawvdis.

sainteresoa erTi garemoebac: quTaisis saepiskoposom daarsebisTanave da-

savleT saqarTvelos vrceli teritoria: imereTi, guria, qvemo aWara, (savarau-

dod raWac) moicva, maSin rodesac samegrelosa da afxazeTSi ramdenime eparqia

arsebobda. Tu ra mizeziT iyo es faqti gamowveuli, Zneli saTqmelia.

amrigad, vfiqrobT, rom quTaisSi saepiskoposo kaTedra IX-X saukuneTa

mijnaze, egris-afxazeTSi konstantine III-is mefobis dros unda daarsebuliyo

da es ambavi quTaisis RvTismSoblis kaTedralis mSeneblobas erTi saukuniT

mainc unda uswrebdes win.

2. quTaisis RvTismSoblis kaTedraluri eklesia (bagratis taZari)

quTaisis saepiskoposos kaTedrali, romelic quTaTel episkoposTa mTavar

taZars da rezidencias warmoadgenda, aris bagrat III-is mier aSenebuli RvTism-

Soblis eklesia. am taZars Tavisi istoriuli da mxatvruli mniSvnelobiT gan-

sakuTrebuli adgili ukavia Sua saukuneebis mTel qarTul xelovnebaSi. eklesia

mdinare rionis marcxena napiras, gorakze mdebareobs da Tavze gadahyurebs

Zvel qalaqs. bagratis mier aSenebuli taZari warmoadgens X saukunis ganmavlo-

baSi TandaTanobiT SemuSavebuli Senobis tips _ wagrZelebuli formis ekle-

sias, Tavisuflad mdgom, kedlebisagan daSorebul burjebze aziduli gumbaTiT

da SedarebiT dabali sadgomebiT jvris mklavebs Soris.

gegmis mixedviT RvTismSoblis eklesia rTul trikonqs warmoadgens. jvris

Sverili mklavebi da oTxi Tavisuflad mdgomi gumbaTqveSa burji farTo Sida

sivrces qmnis. cilindruli TaRiT gadaxuruli taZris Sinagani sivrce aRmo-

savleTiT, samxreTiT da CrdiloeTiT konqiT gadaxuruli naxevarwriuli

momrgvalebiT _ afsidiT mTavrdeba. XI saukunis I naxevarSi dasavleTisa da

samxreTis Sesasvlelebis win aSenda mdidrulad moCuqurTmebuli sazeimo ka-

ribWeebi. eklesiis kedlebi Semosilia didi zomis gaTlili qvis kvadrebiT. qvis

kapitelebze, zogan kedlebze, gamosaxulia sxvadasxva scenebi. taZari dangre-

vamde Signidan mozaikiT iyo morTuli, xolo kedlebs freskebi amSvenebda.

garkveuli drois manZilze bagratis taZari moWiquli kramitiT iyo gadaxuru-

li. eklesiis mSeneblobis damTavrebidan ramdenime xnis Semdeg Crdilo-

dasavleTis kuTxes, dasavleTis mxridan samsarTuliani koSki miaSenes. samive

sarTuls TiTo oTaxi, buxrebi da TaxCebi gaaCnda. safiqrebelia, rom am koSkSi

quTaTeli episkoposebi cxovrobdnen. eklesiis galavnis SigniT arqiteqturu-

lad gaformebuli qvis samreklo da sxva damxmare nagebobebi iyo agebuli. Se-

15

nobis garegnuli ieri monumenturi da mravalferovania: Sverili mklavebi, da-

savleTis koSkiani fasadis simetriuloba, karibWeebi, dekoratiuli TaRebi da

CuqurTmiani samkauli taZris cxovelxatul saxes qmnis. Nnageboba proporciebis

da konstruqciis daxvewilobiT gamoirCeva [75, 52-53. 155, 7-8. 156, 60-61. 153, 97].

quTaisSi kaTedraluri taZris mSenebloba misi dedaqalaqobis simbolur

gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda da misi kurTxevis grandiozuli zeimiT aRniSvna

saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis micemiT iyo nakarnaxevi [135, 232-233].

quTaisis RvTismSoblis kaTedrali Tavis droze mdidrulad iyo Semkuli.

1651 wels imereTSi rusi elCebi: nikifore toloCanovi da aleqsi ievlevi imyo-

febodnen. maT 15 ivliss moinaxules quTaisis taZari da misi aRweriloba dag-

vitoves.

quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesia im dros spilenZiT 16 waxnagad yofila

gadaxuruli. taZris garSemoweriloba 86 ,,did saJens~ anu 213 metrs Seadgenda.

sakrebulo taZars garSemo qvis galavani hqonda Semovlebuli, romlis simaRle

_ 3,52 metrs, sisqe 0,90 metrs aRwevda. galavnis alyafis karebamde sami didi

palati idga. TiToeuli maTganis simaRle 14 metrs Seadgenda. galavnis SigniT

qvis samreklo idga, sadac erTi didi, orenovani zari iyo Camokidebuli. am za-

ris wona 131 kg-s aRwevda. taZris SigniT rva mrgvali sveti idga. calke iyo ga-

keTebuli qalTa sadgomi, sadac dedofali sefe qalebTan erTad wirvas eswre-

boda. qalTa sadgomis (SaniSinis) asasvleli kibe eklesias SigniTa mxridan

hqonda. iqidan dedofali yvelas xedavda, magram mas veravin amCnevda. taZarSi

marjvena mxares svetTan qviT mopirkeTebuli adgili monarqis salocavad iyo

gankuTvnili, sadac kedlebs mefeTa freskebi amSvenebda. sakurTxevelSi RvTism-

Soblis xati esvena. xatis gvirgvini oqrosgan, xolo gvirgvinis samkaulebi mi-

nanqrisagan iyo gakeTebuli. RvTismSoblis da macxovris samoseli, aseve saxate

da xatis karebi oqroTi dafaruli vercxliT iyo Sesrulebuli. xats saRvTo

dResaswaulebis gamosaxulebani da wmindanTa amotvifruli saxeebi amSvenebda.

RvTismSoblis xati Zalze maRla esvena da mas mxolod xeliT Tu Seswvdebod-

nen. amitom xatis budemde misasvlelad qvis sami safexuri gaukeTebiaT. am xa-

tidan aRsavlis karebamde kidev ori, macxovris da RvTismSoblis oqroTi da-

ferili vercxlisagan Sesrulebuli xati esvena, romelTa Soris vercxlisgan

Camosxmuli, firuziT da broweulisferi Zvirfasi qviT moWedili jvari iyo

dadgmuli, romlis simaRle 0,72 metrs Seadgenda. jvris SuaSi, jvarcmis gamo-

saxulebis zemoT, patara oqros kidobani ekida, sadac rogorc rus elCebs uT-

xres, Zelicxovelis nawili iyo moTavsebuli. Kkidobans iagundebisa da marga-

litebisagan Semkuli oqros karebi hqonda. jvarcmis kvarcxlbekze vercxlis

kidobani ido, sadac Zelicxovlisgan gakeTebuli 1 sm-is sigrZis patara jvari

esvena. am jvars gadmocemis Tanaxmad codvebis miteveba SeeZlo.

aRsavlis karebis marcxena mxares vlaqernis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis

xati esvena, romlis gvirgvini da Sua nawili oqroTi, xolo gvirgvinis samkau-

li minanqriT iyo Sesrulebuli. RvTismSoblis gvirgvins didi iagundis Tvlebi

hqonda Casmuli. gvirgvinis gverdze mimagrebuli iyo ori patara kidobani, sa-

dac wminda Toma mociqulis nawilebi inaxeboda. xatis danarCen, vercxliT mo-

Wedil adgilebs sauflo dResaswaulebis da wmindaTa saxeebis gamosaxulebebi

amSvenebda. es xati winaT konstantinopolSi, vlaqernis taZarSi esvena da iqidan

wamouRiaT. uwin vlaqernis xats didZali gasawyobi, oqros monetebi, Zvirfasi

qvebis samkaulebi da yovelgvari saeklesio WurWleuloba mohyveboda, romelic

quTaisis eklesiaSi inaxeboda.

16

aRsavlis karebis marcxena mxares paliastomis RvTismSoblis xati esvena.

xatze RvTismSoblis da macxovris gvirgvinebi oqroTi, xolo xatis Sua nawili,

arSiebi, bude da budis karebi vercxliT iyo moWedili. xatze amotvifruli iyo

saeklesio dResaswaulebi, wmindanTa da mTavarangelozTa gamosaxulebebi. pa-

liastomis xati, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, winaT guriaSi, cixe-qalaq paliastomis

sakrebulo taZarSi esvena. am taZris mTavar xucess, silibistros sizmrad

RvTismSobeli gamoecxada da cixe-qalaqis wyalSi CaZirva auwya. silibistrom

RvTismSoblis rCeviT xati quTaisSi gadaasvena, xolo paliastomis taZari qa-

laqTan erTad, rogorc nawinaswarmetyvelebi iyo, wyalSi CaiZira. xatis budes

wiTeli xaverdi hqonda gadafarebuli, xolo xatis win vercxlis kandeli iyo

Camokidebuli.

taZris sakurTxevelSi trapezze dafenil oqroqsovil xaverdis kvarTs

msxvili margalitebiT da Zvirfasi qvebiT Sesrulebuli jvari amkobda. trapez-

zeve ido saxareba, romlis oqroTi moWedil zeda ydaze jvarcma iyo amotvi-

fruli, xolo qveda ydaze fexze mdgomi macxovris, RvTismSoblis da ioane

naTlismcemlis gamosaxulebebi oqroze minanqriT iyo Sesrulebuli. quTaisis

eklesias yvela saeklesio WurWeli oqrosi, xolo ori sacecxluri ki

vercxlisa hqonda. taZris iatakze Zvirfasi xaliCebi iyo dagebuli [4, 136-140].

antioqiis patriarq makaris, romelic saqarTveloSi 1664_1666 wlebSi imyo-

feboda, quTaisis taZarSi unaxavs mTlianad oqrosgan Camosxmuli barZimi, aTasi

Tval-margalitiT Semkuli. misi fasi 17 aTas yuruSs (osmaluri fulis erTeu-

li) Seadgenda. mas aseve unaxavs Zalian Zvirfasi saxareba, movarayebuli da

Tval-margalitiT morTuli, amgvarive bevri sxva saeklesio mowyobiloba da

ZviradRirebuli wignebi. makaris gadmocemiT, qarTvelebs yovel did eklesiaSi

hqondaT didi gulanebi. igi klirosSi did sawigneze ido da maudis an tilos

qsovili efara [23, 112].

gulani yvela saeklesio wigns Seicavda. savsebiT dasaSvebia, rom aseTi

gulani quTaisis eklesiasac gaaCnda.

bagrat III-is mier aSenebulma RvTismSoblis kaTedralma mterTagan Zarcva-

rbeva ramdenjerme ganicada. giorgi II-is (1072_1089 ww.) dros Turq-selCukebma

,,erTsa dResa dawues quTaTisi da artanuji, da udabnoni klarjeTisani~ [16, 319-

320]. daviT narinis (1246_1293 ww.) dros monRolebi moulodnelad ,,zeda daesxnes

quTaTis abanosa Sina myofsa mefesa, da ZliT Seeswra cxensa, erTiTa kabiTa

marto iltvoda, xolo TaTarTa moaoxres eklesiani, da mravali suli qris-

tiane moikla da tyue iqmna~ [29, 269].

Tavi II. quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebi

quTaisis saepiskoposos samwysos teritoriiT da mrevlis mravalricxovno-

biT saukuneTa manZilze erT-erTi upirvelesi adgili ekava ara marto dasavleT

saqarTvelos, aramed saerTod qarTul eparqiebs Soris. vaxuSti bagrationis

mixedviT, quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi iyo ,,...mwyemsi imereTisa da guriisa,

TÂnier raWa-leCxumisa~ [6, 761].

amrigad, quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos terito-

riis mniSvnelovani nawili iyo moqceuli.

saistorio wyaroebSi quTaisis saepiskoposos adreuli xanis sazRvrebis

aRwerilobis Sesaxeb cnobebi Zalze mwiria. Tumca mogviano periodis werilo-

17

biTi masala garkveulwilad avsebs am xarvezs. garda amisa, radgan saepiskopo-

soTa sazRvrebi mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze mkveTrad ar icvleboda da Zi-

riTadad bunebriv mijnebs emTxveoda, SesaZlebelia quTaisis eparqiis sazRvre-

bis garkveulwilad dadgena.

quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebTan dakavSirebiT SeimCneva erTi tendecia.

kerZod, erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlisTanave am eparqiis teritoria eta-

pobrivad mcirdeba da iq axali saeklesio kaTedrebis daarseba iwyeba.

IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze, quTaisSi saepiskopo kaTedris daarsebisTanave, am

eparqiis samwyso gaxda manamde konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi

Semavali fazisis samitropolitos daqvemdebarebaSi myofi rodopolisis da pe-

tras saepiskoposoebi.

pirveli eparqia, romelic quTaisTan axlos mdebareobda, iyo rodopolisis

saepiskoposo, romlis saeklesio centri md. rionis marcxena mxares, rodopo-

lisSi, igive vardcixeSi mdebareobda. cnobebis uqonlobis gamo Znelia dad-

gindes, Tu ra teritorias moicavda imereTSi rodopolisis eparqia. d. musxe-

liSvilis mosazrebiT, radgan vake imereTSi, argveTis udides nawilSi da raWa-

leCxumSi arcerTi bizantiuri saepiskoposo ar ixsenieba, VII-IX saukuneebSi am

vrcel teritoriaze mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia moqmedebda [135, 152].

magram grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis mixedviT, roca grigoli egris-

afxazeTis mefe, demetre II-is TxovniT IX saukunis I naxevarSi ,,ubeÁ~-Si (ubisa)

monasters afuZnebs [9, 244], ar sCans, rom lixT-imereTis garkveul teritoriaze

mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia moqmedebda. niSandoblivia isic, rom am mo-

nasters qarTlis da imereTis sasazRvro mijnasTan axlos, lixis qedis mimde-

bared aarseben.

konstantinepolis sapatriarqos ekTesisebis mixedviT SeiZleba CaiTvalos,

rom radgan imereTis teritoriaze rodopolisis kaTedris garda sxva saekle-

sio centri ar moixsenieba, mTeli imereTis teritoria swored am saepiskoposos

samwysos Seadgenda. igi moicavda vake imereTs da argveTs, romelic vaxuStisTan

dasaxelebul quTaisis da Sorapnis saerisTavoebis teritorias emTxveoda [6,

796]. mas dasavleTiT guria da md. cxeniswyali mijnavda, samxreTidan mesxeTis

qedi, xolo aRmosavleTidan lixis qedi sazRvravda [115, 123. 5, 110].

ucnobia, CrdiloeTiT sadamde vrceldeboda rodopoliseli episkoposis

iurisdiqcia, magram dasaSvebia, rom raWa-leCxumi (skÂmnia, Takveri) formalurad

mainc rodopolisis eparqiaSi yofiliyo moqceuli [115, 127].

rodopolisis saepiskoposos gauqmebis Semdeg, mTeli es teritoria quTai-

sis axlad daarsebuli eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi moeqca. es dasturdeba imiTac,

rom imereTSi ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi quTaisis saepiskoposos garda

sxva saeklesio kaTedra ar arsebobda.

imave xanaSi quTaisis saepiskoposos SavizRvispireTSi moqmedi, fazisis sa-

mitropolitoSi Semavali kidev erTi saeklesio erTeuli _ petras saepiskoposo

daukavSires. misi saepiskoposo centri petras cixe-qalaqSi, dRevandel cixis-

ZirSi mdebareobda.

petras eparqiaSi Sedioda guria, qvemo aWara (baTumis mxare) da WaneTis na-

wili (rizes mxare) [97, 230]. petras kaTedris gauqmebis Semdeg guria da qvemo

aWara, romelic politikurad umTavresad vaxuStisTan dasaxlebul guriis sae-

risTavoSi Sedioda [6, 796. 80, 113], eklesiurad quTaisis saepiskoposos daukav-

Sirda [97, 249].

18

guriis teritoria, rom quTaTelis samwysoSi Sedioda, amas adasturebs

1578 wlis ,,davTari quTaisis saydris gamosavali begrisa~ [42, 279-343., 1161] da

vaxuSti: ,,aramed guria iyo sruliad quTaTelis samwyso...~ [6, 791].

petras sakaTedro centris quTaisis saepiskoposoTi mocvlis Semdeg qu-

Taisis eparqiis sazRvarma samxreT-aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi mdinare Wo-

roxamde miaRwia. xolo Woroxs iqiT ukve rizes saarqiepiskoposo iyo, romelic

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi Sedioda [97, 202, 235, 257].

Eparqiis sazRvari, rom Woroxamde aRwevda, amas XV saukunis saeklesio sa-

kanonmdeblo Zegli ,,mcnebaÁ sasjuloÁc~ adasturebs, romlis mixedviT, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda: ,,...Woroxs aqaT, ov-

seTsa aqaT, zRuaÁ pontosa aqaT, sada didisa biWuintisa sazRuari miawevs...~ [42,

223]. aRsaniSnavia vaxuStis cnobac xinowmindeli episkoposis samwysosTan dakav-

SirebiT, romelic moicavda ,,...xinoswylis samxreTisa Woroxamde~ teritorias [6,

791]. Ees erTgvarad mowmobs im faqts, rom quTaisis saepiskoposo Woroxamde

vrceldeboda, radgan swored quTaisis eparqiis es nawili daimkvidra SemdgomSi

xinos saepiskoposo kaTedram.

quTaisis saepiskoposos aWaraSi tbeTis saepiskoposoc esazRvreboda. tbe-

Tis eparqia 914 wels erisTavT-erisTavma aSot kuxma daaarsa [25, 380. 39, 27]. XVI

saukunis saeklesio dokumentis _ ,,kaTalikoznis xelqveSeTi mRvdelmTavarni da

samwysoni samcxe-saaTabagos~ _ mixedviT, sazRvari quTaisisa da tbeTis epar-

qiebs Soris mdinare aWariswyalze, sofel dandalosTan gadioda. dandalos

qvemo mxare _ quTaTelis, xolo dandalos zemoT mdebare aWara ki mtbevaris

samwysosSi Sedioda [135, 244-246].

,,mcnebaÁ sasjuloÁ~-s da samcxe-saaTabagos saepiskoposoebis nusxis cnobe-

bis mixedviT n. berZeniSvili dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos samxreT-

dasavleT sazRvars, romelic imavdroulad am sakaTalikosos subieqtis, quTai-

sis saepiskoposos samxreT-dasavleT sazRvarsac warmoadgenda, Semdegnairad

moiazrebda: ,,dandaloze gadavlili xaziT gadaWrili aWara, SavSeTis mTebi

Woroxis dasavleTisaken miqcevamde da mdinare Woroxi zRvamdis~ [80, 114].

guriaSi quTaisis saepiskoposo dasavleTiT Sav zRvamde vrceldeboda, ro-

melic bunebrivi sazRvari iyo. xolo CrdiloeTiT sasazRvro mijnas albaT

mdinare rioni warmoadgenda. am mxriv sayuradReboa vaxuStis cnoba jumaTel

episkoposTan dakavSirebiT, romelic iyo: ,,mwyemsi sufseis mdinarisa da rions

Soris adgilTa~ [6, 790]. jumaTSi saepiskoposos daarsebamde jumaTis eparqiis

teritoria quTaTeli episkoposis samwysoSi Sedioda. rions gaRma caiSis da

Wyondidis eparqiebis teritoria iwyeboda.

imereTSi quTaisis saepiskoposos dasavleTiT md. cxeniswyali Wyondidis

saepiskopososagan mijnavda [6, 776], romelzec Semdgom imereT-odiSs Soris po-

litikuri sazRvari gadioda [73, 45].

quTaisis saepiskoposos CrdiloeTidan cageris eparqia esazRvreboda. ca-

gereli, romlis samwysoSi leCxumi, qvemo svaneTi da zemo svaneTis nawili Se-

dioda [6, 749. 82, 21], pirvelad XI saukuneSi ixsenieba [90. 286. 200. 303]. MimereT-

leCxums Soris arsebuli sasazRvro mijna yofda am or eparqias, romelic vax-

uStis mixedviT gadioda Semdeg adgilas: ,,...rioni da mTa xomlis kldidam war-

sruli dasavleTad gordamde~ [6, 748].

Tamaz beraZis azriT, Sua feodalur xanaSi raWa quTaTeli episkoposis

samwysoSi Sedioda [70, 149]. 1578 wlis quTaisis saydris gamosaRebi begris dav-

TarSi moxseniebulia ,,raWas futieTis saquTaTlo kacni~ [42, 308].

19

quTaisis saepiskoposos sazRvrebi am mdgomareobaSi mTeli X-XV saukunee-

bis manZilze ucvlelad darCa.

XV saukuneSi, roca erTiani saqarTvelos daSlis procesi daiwyo, guriis

saerisTavoSi adgilobriv (sakuTar) saeklesio organizacias Cauyares safuZve-

li. XV saukunis I naxevrisTvis guria quTaTelis samwysos gamoeyo da iq axali

saepiskoposo kaTedrebi daarsda. pirvelad (Tu samive kaTedra erTdroulad ar

daarsda) Semoqmedis saepiskoposo daafuZnes, xolo Semdeg jumaTis da xinos

eparqiebi Seiqmna [201, 183. 188, 143. 154, 142, 143].

am mxriv zustia vaxuStis cnoba, rom ,,...Semdgomad ganyofisa samefoTa, gu-

rielTagan daidgines samnive ese episkopozni, TÂsis didebisaTÂs~ [6, 791]. am ka-

TedraTa daarsebiT quTaisis eparqiis teritoria da samwyso sakmaod Semcirda.

sazRvarma guria-imereTis mijnamde daiwia, Tumca quTaTelma guriaSi sofeli

baxvi da misi mimdgomi zogierTi sofeli mainc SeinarCuna [100, 247]. eparqiis

sazRvrebi sxva mimarTulebiT ucvleli darCa.

momdevno, XVI saukuneSi kidev ufro intensiurad daiwyo quTaTeli episko-

posis samwysos Semcireba.

1529 wels (sxva daTariRebiT 1519 wels [6, 810. 80, 335, 342. 31, 45. 152, 15] im-

ereTis mefe bagrat III-m (1510-1565 ww.) Tavis samefoSi mniSvnelovani saeklesio

reforma Caatara: ,,qoronikonsa siz mefeTmefeman bagrat ganyo lixT-imereTi sam

saepiskoposod brZanebiTa afxazeTis kaTalikozisa abaSiZisaTa~ [5, 493].

amis Semdeg quTaisis saepiskoposos teretoriaze gelaTisa da xonis sae-

piskoposo kaTedrebi dafuZnda. 1529 wlis sabuTis, ,,wigni malaqia kaTalikozisa

genaTeli melqisedikisadmi samwysosa da sawiravis gaCenis~ mixedviT, genaTelis

samwyso moicavda: ,,rionsa da quTaTis qalaqsa zedaT, yvirilas gamoRma da vi-

dre kacxis zRuaramde da xreiTs aqaT raWis mTamdis, okriba sruliad...~ [42, 247-

250]. amasve adasturebs vaxuSti: gelaTi ,,hyo bagrat saepiskoposod, amas misca

samwysod argueTis naxevari da okriba, quTaTelis samwysoni~ [6, 754].

okriba, romelic mdinareebis _ wyalwiTelas, lexidaras auzebs da rionis

xeobis monakveTs moicavda, argveTis im nawilTan erTad, romelic mdinare

wyalwiTelasa da mdinare yvirilas Senakad Colaburs (da mis Senakad bujis-

wyals) Soris iyo moqceuli, gelaTis eparqias gadaeca [121, 22. 175, 33. 65, 280].

xolo argveTis meore nawili, romelic imereTSi bagrat III-is mefobis

dros sasardloebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg zemo mxared an zemo qveynad iwode-

boda da moicavda teritorias mdinare Colaburis aRmosavleTiT vidre lixis

qedamde [67, 116-119], quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis samwysoSi darCa.

xonis saepiskoposos daarsebisTanave quTaisis eparqiis teritoria dasav-

leTis mimarTulebiTac Semcirda. xoneli episkoposi iyo: ,,mwyemsi vakisa~ [6,

750], romlis samwysos mdinare cxeniswyalsa da rions Soris moqceuli imereTis

nawili Seadgenda [12, 209]. rionis samxreTiT mdebare teritoria, daaxloebiT

mdinare suloridan aRmosavleTiT, vidre lixis qedamde da samxreTiT mesxeTis

qedamde, isev saquTaTlod darCa.

1534 wels (sxva daTariRebiT 1544 wels _ 108, 29. 69, 49, 379) bagrat III-is

brZanebiT raWaSi nikorwmindis saepiskoposo daaarsda [50, 49, 337, 339. 92, 183].

pirdapiri monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Sedioda Tu ara quTaTeli episkoposis samwy-

soSi raWa, ar mogvepoveba. magram SeiZleba nikorwmindis saepiskoposo kaTedris

daarseba im politikis gagrZeleba yofiliyo, rasac bagrat III dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos kaTalikos malaqiasTan erTad quTaisis saepiskoposos mimarT ata-

rebda. kerZod quTaTeli episkoposis eparqiis dayofa da axali kaTedrebis da-

fuZneba.

20

nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarsebis Semdeg sazRvari quTaisis da gela-

Tis saepiskoposoebTan raWis qedze gadioda, romelic raWas imereTisagan mij-

navda [70, 142].

XVIII saukuneebis Sua xanaSi osmalTa agresiis gamo quTaisis saepiskoposo

droebiT moiSala [134, 01-07]. mamuli da mrevli mimoibna. zogi osmalebs Cauvar-

da tyved, umetesoba saero feodalebma igdes xelT. 1759 wels saeklesio da

saero krebaze imereTis mefe solomon I-ma (1752-1784 ww.) aRadgina quTaisis kaTe-

dra da mas Zveli yma-mamuli daumtkica [105, 2-4].

i. giuldenStedtis mixedviT, romelmac 1772 wlis ivlis-seqtemberSi imog-

zaura imereTis samefoSi, quTaTeli mitropolitis eparqia moicavda quTaisis

garSemo miwebs da imereTis im nawils, romelic rionis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT

mdebareobda [12, 129, 209].

XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi quTaisis saepiskoposo Semdeg sazRvrebSi iyo moq-

ceuli: quTaisi da mdinare rionis samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT mdebare miwa-

wyali, kerZod: fersaTSi ,,baris saerisTavo~, romelic mogvianebiT Seiqmna im-

ereTSi da moicavda teritorias mdinare suloridan aRmosavleTiT mdinare

korTxiswylamde (dRevandeli koriswyali) da rionidan mesxeTis qedamde [147,

86], lomsianTxevi, gaRmarTi saCino (baRdadis mxare), salominao, zemo mxare anu

zemo qveyana (argveTis nawili), xevi (mdinareebis Zirulasa da Cxerimelas xeobe-

bi, xaragaulis mxare).

quTaisis eparqias dasavleTiT xonis saepiskoposo esazRvreboda, Crdi-

loeTiT da Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT gelaTisa da nikorwmindis eparqiebi, samxre-

TiT mesxeTis qedi mijnavda samcxe-saaTabagosgan (axalcixis safaSo). aRmosav-

leTiT saepiskoposos sazRvari politikur sazRvars emTxveoda. qarTlsa da im-

ereTs Soris lixis qedze sazRvari ucvleli ar yofila. is ZiriTadad damoki-

debuli iyo saTavado mflobelobaze, ase, rom imereTis zogierTi sasazRvro

sofeli mdinare Cxerimelasa da Zirulas zemo welze zogjer qarTlis

sazRvrebSi Sedioda. vaxuStis rukis mixedviT, XVIII saukuneSi nunisis cnobili

monasteri qarTlis teritoriaze iyo moqceuli [73, 41-51]. amasve adasturebs

giuldenStedti, romelic nuniss qarTlis sazRvrebSi aTavsebs [12, 309] da 1770

wlis qarTl-kaxeTis aoxrebul monasterTa sia, romelTa Soris nunisis

RvTismSoblis monastericaa moxseniebuli [129, 55].

amrigad, quTaisis saepiskoposis sazRvrebis cvalebadobaSi sami etapi ga-

moiyofa:

1. saepiskoposos sazRvrebi daarsebidan XV saukunemde.

2. eparqiis sazRvrebi XV saukunidan XVI saukunis I naxevramde.

3. saepiskoposos sazRvrebi XVI saukunis II naxevridan quTaisis eparqiis

gauqmebamde (1821 w).

miuxedavad imisa, rom saukuneTa manZilze quTaisis saepiskoposom samwysos

didi nawili sxva saeklesio kaTedrebs dauTmo, is mainc vrcel teritorias

moicavda da imereTSi ruseTis xelisuflebis mier 1820 wels ganxorcielebul

saeklesio reformamde erT-erT umniSvnelovanes eparqiad rCeboda.

21

Tavi III.

quTaTel mTavarepiskoposTa qronologiuri rigi

quTaisis saepiskoposos mwyemsmTavrebs _ quTaTel mTavarepiskoposebs, _

rogorc erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi eparqiis mesveurebs, sruliad kanonzom-

ierad, gamorCeuli pativi miegebodaT erTiani saqarTvelos Tu mogvianebiT

imereTis samefos karze. umaRles saeklesio ierarqiaSi maRali mdgomareoba maT

saSualebas aZlevda, aqtiuri monawileoba mieRoT rogorc saeklesio, aseve

saero cxovrebaSi. quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebis didi pativis maniSnebelia is

faqti, rom erTiani saqarTvelos mefis kurTxevis ceremonialze maT prerogati-

vas Seadgenda momavali monarqisaTvis samefo gvirgvinis dadgma. es sagangebod

aris aRniSnuli `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanSi~: `ÂnaÁTgan lixT-

imeriTgan iyo wesi dadgmad gÂrgÂnsa Tavsa sameufosa, awes monazoni Rirsi da

madlSemosili, mTavarepiskoposi quTaTeli antoni saRiris Ze, miRebad gÂr-

gÂnisa~ [20, 26-27].

amasve adasturebs vaxuSti: `Jamsa bagrationTasa ÂnaÁTgan lixT-imerTa iyo

dadgma gÂrgÂnisa: qarTlisa da afxazTa kaTalikozni akurTxevdnen, aramed gÂr-

gÂnsa daadgmida quTaTeli mefeTa quTaisis taxtisaTÂs~ [6, 26].

XIV saukunis qarTuli saistorio wyaros, `xelmwifis karis garigebis~

mixedviT, `amieri bedieli mosaflavea, da quTaTeli mosaflavec aris (da dam-

locvelica). didi giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaqcia, missa say-

darsa Sigan aris; mefeni dailocÂn. da odes pirveli vaxtang daloces da merme

konstantine, daisarClnes afxazeTis kaTalikozi da quTaTeli iovane. qu-

TaTelma ase Tqua: `Tu aw orjel-samjer Cems saydarsa Sigan orni mefeni

dailocÂlan, ar memarTlebi, gÂrgÂni an skiptra Cemsa saydarsa Sigan ar das-

dva?~ da merme vezirT da erTobilT laSqarTTa Tques Tu `quTaTeli umarT-

lea~ da skiptra quTaTels gauCines; da moaneba afxazeTis kaTalikozma, da qu-

Taisis RvTismSoblis win samWvali moaWedes. da miT erTob sapatio aris da

iSxnelis swori pativi marTebs~ [58, 14. 163, 217-218. 60, 26].

i. doliZem `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ garkveuli monakveTi Semdegnairad

aRadgina: `amieri bedieli mesaflavea mefisa da quTaTeli [makurTxevelica da]

mosaflavec aris. didi giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaqcia, missa

[bedielis] saydarsa Sigan aris. [quTaTelis saydarsa Sina] mefeni dailocÂan…~

[41, 91].

mefeTaTvis gvirgvinis dadgmis ufleba, rogorc T. beraZe varaudobs, qu-

TaTel mTavarepiskoposebs fazisis mitropolitebisagan unda mieRoT: `quTaisis

samTavarepiskoposos daarsebis Semdeg quTaisel mTavarepiskoposs saqarTvelos

mefis kurTxevis dros yvelaze sapatio misia _ mefisaTvis gvirgvinis dadgma

hqonda dakisrebuli. `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ mixedviT quTaTeli erTiani

saqarTvelos mefis `makurTxevelica da mosaflavec~ aris. swored mTa-

varepiskoposma anton quTaTelma daadga gvirgvini Tamar mefes.

safiqrebelia, rom es sapatio movaleoba quTaTelma mTavarepiskoposma

memkvidreobiT fazisis mitropolitisagan miiRo, romelic VII-VIII saukuneebSi

amave funqcias asrulebda egrisis (lazeTis) mefeTa – patrikiozTa kurTxevis

dros [72, 191. 74, 2].

22

T. beraZis es mosazreba ar gaiziara b. kudavam, misi azriT: sxvaa mefis

`makurTxeveli da sul sxvaa gvirgvinis damdgmeli (`damlocveli~). rogorc

wesi, mefis kurTxevis ufleba mxolod kaTalikoss hqonda. afxazeTis

kaTalikossa da quTaTels Soris dava iyo ara imis Taobaze, Tu vin akurTxebda

mefes, aramed samefo niSnebis (skiptra, gvirgvini) Senaxvis uflebaze. quTaTe-

lis funqcia kurTxevis dros mxolod mefisaTvis Tavze gvirgvinis dadgma iyo.

es ufleba mas, rogorc Cans, quTaisis dedaqalaqobis gamo moupovebia da ara

imis gamo, rom igi pativiT yvelaze aRmatebuli ierarqi iyo. garda amisa, arsad

ar aris aRniSnuli, rom mefe aucileblad quTaisSi unda ekurTxebinaT. am

mxriv, niSandoblivia afxazeTis kaTalikosTan mokamaTe iovane quTaTelis argu-

menti: `orjel-samjer Cemsa saydarsa Sigan mefeni dalocvilan~. igi ar ambobs,

mefeebi yovelTvis quTaisSi ekurTxebodneno. mas mxolod surs oponents Seax-

senos, rom yofila ramdenime precedenti, roca quTaisSi mefe ukurTxebiaT.

amasTan, quTaTel episkoposebs mefisTvis gvirgvinis dadgmis pativi faziseli

mitropolitebisagan memkvidreobiT ar unda hqonodaT miRebuli. quTaTeli

Wyondidel episkoposs ar aRemateboda pativiT, rac dasturdeba imiTac, rom

quTaTels iSxnelis swori pativi marTebda, xolo iSxneli episkoposi saekle-

sio ierarqiaSi qarTlis kaTalikosis, afxazeTis kaTalikosis da Wyondidelis

Semdeg idga [115, 101-105].

quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi mefeTa kurTxeva gamonaklis SemTxvevas

ar warmoadgenda. cnobilia, rom quTaisis eklesiaSi akurTxes Tavdapirvelad

giorgi II (1072-1089 ww.) mefed. `matiane qarTlisaÁ~-s Tanaxmad, `amisa pirvel su-

moda Ze misi giorgi bagrats, dauteva quTaTiss mefed samefosa zeda

afxazeTisasa da warÂda saberZneTs~ [25, 303]. aseve, roca daviT narini 5 wlis

gaxda, daaxloebiT 1230 wels, dedamisma, rusudan mefem (1223-1245 ww.) igi qu-

TaisSi Tanamosaydred akurTxa: `mouwoda yovelTa spaTa misTa, afxazTa, dadian-

bedianTa, raWis erisTavsa da kaTalikossa afxazeTisasa da dasues mefed daviT,

Ze rusudanisa, akurTxes quTaTiss da dadges Tavsa missa gÂrgÂni; dasues tax-

tsa zeda sameufosa da miuloces mefoba wesisaebr da srulyo kaTalikosman

wesi kurTxevisa~ [29, 180]. `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ mixedviT, rogorc zemoT

aRvniSneT, quTaisis kaTedralSi mefeebad ekurTxnen daviT narinis Svilebi:

vaxtang II (1289-1292 ww.)2 da konstantine (1293-1327 ww.). quTaisis taZarSi mefed

ekurTxa aleqsandre I-ic (1412-1442 ww.) [6, 278. 72, 251].

radgan kaTalikosis movaleobas Seadgenda momavali monarqis mefed

kurTxeva, am ceremonialis Sesrulebis dros quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis fun-

qciaSi axali mefisTvis samefo gvirgvinis dadgma Sedioda. quTaTel mRvdelm-

Tavrebs esoden sapatio misiis Sesruleba faziseli mitropolitebisagan

memkvidreobiT unda mieRoT.

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi aseve mefeTa `mosaflavec~ iyo. quTaisis sakaT-

edro taZarSi dakrZalulia saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I (1014-1027 ww.) [25, 291. 38,

385].

mosaflaved dadgena niSnavda mefis saflavze mwirveli episkoposis

dadgenas, rac, garda sapatio movaleobisa, garkveul materialur sargeblo-

basac gulisxmobda [124, 654].

2 vaxtang II rogorc cnobilia, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefe iyo. sanam aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gamefdeboda, daviT VI narinis brZanebiT, igi jer quTaisis taZarSi akurTxes mefed.

23

is, rom quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrebis saxelo iSxanis mTavarepiskoposis

rangs uTanabrdeboda da saeklesio ierarqiaSi masTan erTad meoTxe safexurze

ikavebda adgils, naTlad miuTiTebs am saepiskoposos rolsa da mniSvnelobaze.

quTaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri sia gvxvdeba p. cxviloelis (karbe-

laSvilis) naSromSi: `sia afxazeTis kaTalikozTa, quTaTelTa da genaTelTa~

[157, 10-11]. mis mier gamocemuli es nusxa Zalze sayuradReboa, magram xarvezeb-

sac Seicavs. es arcaa gasakviri, radgan p. cxviloelisTvis im dros

miuwvdomeli iyo zogierTi saistorio wyaro, romelSic XI-XVIII saukunis ram-

denime quTaTeli episkoposia moxseniebuli. samwuxarod, naSromSi avtors

wyaroebi miTiTebuli ara aqvs, Tanac zogierTi episkoposis moRvaweobis xana

met dazustebas moiTxovs.

p. cxviloelis Semdeg quTaTel mRvdelmTavarTa sruli qronologiuri

rigis dadgena specialuri Seswavlis sagani ar gamxdara. mxolod calkeuli

episkoposebis zeobis wlebis dadgenis cdebi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva avtorTa naS-

romebSi [105, 206. 122, 139. 149, 33, 42. 134, 079, 0106. 168, 121, 131]. maT Soris gansa-

kuTrebiT sayuradReboa v. silogavas publikacia, romelic XI-XII saukuneebis

quTaTel episkoposTa qronologiuri siis dadgenas exeba [144]. aRniSnuli naS-

romi uaRresad sainteresoa, magram ramdenime episkoposis moRvaweobis wlebis

dadgenasTan dakavSirebiT, gansxvavebuli mosazreba gagvaCnia. aseve mis mier mo-

cemul rigSi erTi episkoposi ar aris Seyvanili. amave dros unda aRiniSnos,

rom saistorio wyaroTa simwire yovelTvis ar gvaZlevs saSualebas, zustad

davadginoT ama Tu im episkoposis moRvaweobis wlebi.

pirvel quTaTel episkoposTa Sesaxeb saistorio wyaroebSi cnobebi jer-

jerobiT ar Cans.

Terjolis raionis sofel godoganSi, `oqros jvris~ saxeliT cnobili

eklesiis nangrevebis gawmendisas aRmoCnda TeTri kirqvis fila asomTavruli

warweriT: `iesu qriste, Seiwyalen anton quTaTeli aqa da saukunosa; da

Seiwyalen monani misni: ebani, koreWi da guaramberi; amen iyavn~ [144, 86]. warwera

v. silogavam paleografiulad X-XI saukuneTa mijniT, an XI saukunis I naxevriT

daaTariRa. Sesabamisad, man anton quTaTeli XI saukunis I naxevris moRvawed

miiCnia da gamoricxa misi gaigiveba XII saukuneSi moRvawe quTaTel anton

saRiriZesTan [144, 89].

1985 wels bagratis taZarTan, arqeologiuri gaTxrebisas keramikuli ante-

fiqsis fragmenti aRmoCnda, romelzec warweris fragmenti `antoni~ ikiTxeba. v.

silogavas varaudiT, es antefiqsi da warwera X-XI saukuneebiT TariRdeba. igi

am `antons~ da godoganis eklesiis warweraSi moxseniebul anton quTaTels

erTi da igive pirovnebad Tvlis da mas erT-erT pirvel quTaTel mRvdelm-

Tavrad miiCnevs, romelic quTaisis RvTismSoblis taZris kurTxevis sazeimo

ceremonialSi monawileobda [145, 61-64. 144, 95]. vfiqrobT, rom godoganis war-

weraSi moxseniebuli anton quTaTeli SesaZlebelia erT-erTi adreuli xanis

quTaTel episkoposad miviCnioT.

quTaisis eparqiis momdevno mTavarepiskoposia samoel quTaTeli, romlis

mosaxseniebeli Setanilia aTonis qarTvelTa monastris 1074 wlis xelnawer

saaRape wignSi (sinodikonSi): `Tuesa agvistosa k: aRapi gangÂwesebia samoel qu-

TaTeli mTavarepiskoposisaÁ: qvelmoqmedebisa da wyalobisa maTisaTÂs, ÂTarca

maSenebelTaÁ, egreT gardaiÃdebodes yovliTa moswrafebiTa salocvelad maTda

saukunod, amin~ [3,241].

aRaps TariRi ar uzis. igi 20 agvistos aris samoel mTavarepiskoposisaTvis

ganwesebuli. mosaxsenebeli ioane TaflaisZis xeliTaa dawerili XII saukunis I

24

naxevarSi, magram gadmowerilia miqael daRalisonelis saaRape wignis Svid-

furcleulidan, romlis daweris zeda qronologiuri zRvaria 1074 weli. am

aRaps win uswrebs ori aRapi, romlebic XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSia ganwesebuli.

gangeba: `ÂTarca maSeneblTaÁ~ daRalisonelis redaqciaSi aTonis winamZRvris,

mama arsenis (1056-1060 ww.) droidan Cans. amasTan, aRapebis udidesi nawili da-

Ralisonelis sinodikonSi Setanilia Semomwirvelis damsaxurebis konkreti-

zaciis gareSe, rac ufro tipiuria 1057 wlidan ganwesebuli aRapebisaTvis [132,

238].

p. cxviloelma samoel mTavarepiskoposis moRvaweoba 1044-1072 wlebiT

daaTariRa [157, 10-11]. magram samoeli 1060 wlis Semdeg ver iqneboda quTaisis

episkoposi, radgan, rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, am droisaTvis quTaisis kaTedras

sxva quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari ganagebda.

v. silogavam samoel quTaTeli CorCanelTa feodaluri saxlis warmo-

madgenlad miiCnia, xolo misi moRvaweoba quTaisis saeklesio kaTedraze X sau-

kunis miwurulidan XI saukunis 40-ian wlebamde gansazRvra (an am drois ro-

melime monakveTSi) [144, 91].

samoel quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar mogvepoveba,

amitom misi moRvaweobis zusti TariRis dadgena SeuZlebelia. zogadad, Tu

CavTvliT, rom godoganis warweraSi moxseniebuli anton I quTaTeli XI sauku-

nis dasawyisis mRvdelmTavaria, maSin samoeli quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedras

albaT am saukunis I naxevris Sua wlebisTvis ganagebda.

momdevno quTaTeli episkoposi unda iyos XI saukunis ierusalimSi gadaw-

erili xelnaweris, `epistoleni wminda makarisanis~ [jer-73] kriptogramul minaw-

erebSi moxseniebuli Teodore. erT-erTi kriptograma Sesrulebulia

teqstiseuli xeliT da ikiTxeba Semdegnairad: `qriste, adide Teodore qu-

TaTeli~. meore kriptograma ki _ `qriste, Seiwyale Teodore, amin~. es Teodore

moxseniebulia aseve A-134 saxeliT cnobili xelnaweris minawerSi. es orive mi-

naweri Sesrulebulia hromanas qarTvelTa monasterSi (konstantinepolTan ax-

los) svimon dvalis mier, XI saukunis II naxevarSi (ufro zustad, A-134 gadawer-

ilia 1066 wels), mama gelasis winamZRvrobis dros [64, 41-42, 180-181]. kripto-

gramis Sesrulebis droisTvis, Teodore quTaTeli, rogorc Cans, cocxali aRa-

raa.

v. silogavas varaudiT, Teodores quTaTloba mis warmomavlobas (qu-

TaTurobas, quTaislobas) aRniSnavs da ara sasuliero wodebas. aseve yvela mi-

nawerSi sadac quTaTelia dasaxelebuli, yovelTvis aRniSnulia maTi mTa-

varepiskoposoba, xolo TeodoresTan dakavSirebiT ki ara [144, 90].

Cveni mosazrebiT, Teodores quTaTel-episkoposoba eWvs ar unda iwvevdes.

argumenti, rom quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrebi yovelTvis mTavarepiskoposis

tituliT arian moxseniebuli, zogjer ver gamodgeba. saistorio wyaroebSi ram-

denime episkoposi ubralod quTaTelad aris dasaxelebuli [3, 257, 263. 133, 79.

103]. aRsaniSnavia, rom p. cxviloelis qronologiur nusxaSic Teodore qu-

TaTeli dasaxelebuli ar aris.

Teodore quTaTeli, gamomdinare iqidan, rom igi XI saukunis 60-ian wlebSi

cocxali aRaraa, saepiskoposos am saukunis Sua wlebSi edga saTaveSi. mis Sem-

deg quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedras ilarion episkoposi ganagebda. XI saukunis

qarTveli avtoris, giorgi mciris agiografiul TxzulebaSi: `cxorebaÁ giorgi

mTawmindelisaÁ~, moxseniebulia ilarion quTaTeli. rodesac mefe bagrat IV-is

(1027-1072 ww.) mowveviT saqarTveloSi Camovida giorgi mTawmindeli, mas foTSi

25

bagrat IV-is mwignobarTan erTad miegeba `mRudelTmoZRvarica quTaisisaÁ sax-

eliT ilarion, romelic ukanasknel mowafe iqna berisaÁ~. sapatio stumari

ilarionma qarTlis sazRvrebamde miacila [11, 159].

p. cxviloelma ilarion quTaTelis moRvaweoba 1020-1043 wlebiT daaTariRa

da igi wyaroebSi moxseniebul quTaTel episkoposTagan yvelaze adreul warmo-

madgenlad miiCnia [157, 10-11]. magram es daTariReba ewinaaRmdegeba im faqts, rom

giorgi mTawmindeli, rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi 1060 wels Camovida, 1065

wels ki ukan gabrunda [10, 85. 113, 121]. Sesabamisad, p. cxviloelis mier mocemuli

es wlebi swori ver iqneba da ilarionis moRvaweoba XI saukunis II naxevars mie-

kuTvneba. v. silogavas quTaTelTa qronologiur rigSi ilarioni dasaxelebuli

ar aris.

ilarion quTaTelis Semdeg saistorio wyaroebSi mxolod XII saukunis qu-

TaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi gvxvdebian.

1160-1161 wlebis axlo xanaSi gadaweril tbeTis saxarebis anderZ-minawerSi,

romelic am saxarebis momgebel pavle mtbevars ekuTvnis, moxseniebulia mefe

demetre I (1124-1156 ww.) da misi Ze giorgi III (1156-1184 ww.). amave minawerSi pavle

tbeTis episkoposi Tavis sxva naTesavebs Soris aseve axsenebs nikoloz qu-

TaTels: `...diswulTa CemTa [nikoloz] quTaTel mTavarepiskoposisa... da arseni

quTaTel mTavarepiskoposisa; ioane anCel mTavarepiskoposisa, antoni opizis wi-

namZRurisa, arseni d[imi]t[r]is mefisa mwirve[l]isa da yovelTa TÂsTa da naTe-

savTa CemTaTÂs...~ [158. 177, 157-158. 49, 356].

p. cxviloelisaTvis es quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi quTaTelTa siis ga-

moqveynebis Semdeg gaxda cnobili da amitom isini mis nusxaSi ver moxvdnen.

misi mosazrebiT, pavle mtbevaris diswulebidan erT-erTi, anton opizis wi-

namZRvari, aris anton saRirisZe, SemdgomSi cnobili quTaTeli mTa-

varepiskoposi, xolo minawerSi moxseniebuli nikoloz da arsen quTaTeli mTa-

varepiskoposebi misi Zmebi arian [158]. p. cxviloelis es mosazreba k. kekeliZemac

gaiziara [112, 309, 323].

Cven ufro misaRebad migvaCnia v. silogavas mosazreba, rom pavle mtbevaris

zemoT CamoTvlili diswulebi mxolod saRirisZeTa gvars ar ekuTvnodnen. amas

ki amtkicebs is faqti, rom quTaTel mTavarepiskopossa da demetre mefis

mwirvels erTi da igive saxeli _ arseni hqviaT, rac gamoricxavs maT erT ded-

mamiSvilobas. aseve naklebad savaraudoa mTeli XII saukunis manZilze quTaTe-

loba sam Zmas hqonoda erTi meoreis miyolebiT [144, 90). miT ufro, rogorc

irkveva, pavle mtbevars sami da hyavda [177, 157]. amitom ufro safiqrebelia, rom

zemoT moxseniebuli pirebi deidaSvilebi iyvnen da ara Zmebi.

v. silogavam nikoloz quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis moRvaweoba XII saukunis

I naxevriT, xolo arsenis quTaTeloba XII saukunis Sua xaniT daaTariRa [144,

94]. radgan tbeTis saxarebis minawerSi nikoloz quTaTeli arsen quTaTelze

adrea dasaxelebuli, mas quTaisis kaTedraze ufro adre unda emoRvawna.

gamomdinare aqedan, v. silogavas mosazreba savsebiT marTebulad migvaCnia.

momdevno quTaTeli mRvdelmTavris Sesaxeb cnobas aTonis iverTa

monastris saaRape wigni gvawvdis. sinodikonSi ganwesebulia mosaxsenebeli

abulasan quTaTelisaTvis: `Tuesa dekembersa: kT, dResaswaulsa wmindaTa

CvilTa yrmaTasa, aRapi abulasan quTaTelisaÁ, amisTÂs, rameTu Semoswira

perperaÁ m... da aResrulebodes aRapi misTÂs, ÂTa sxuaTa SemomwirvelTaÁ,

rameTu moguca ÃeliTa nikoloz gulaberisZisaÁTa da ganuwese me, mamaman pavle

da yovelTa ZmaTa~ [3, 257-258].

26

aRapi ganwesebulia 29 dekembers. abulasanis Sewiruli 40 perpera nikoloz

gulaberisZes gadaucia monastrisTvis da aRapi ganuwesebia mama pavles.

abulasan quTaTelis Sesaxeb wyaroebSi meti informacia ar Cans. n.

berZeniSvilis azriT, abulasan quTaTeli ar SeiZleboda sasuliero piri

yofiliyo, radgan amas misi arabuli muslimuri saxeli ewinaaRmdegeboda, Tumca

iqve aRniSnavs, rom quTaTelis gvaris mqone saero piri saerTod ar aris

cnobili [132, 258-259]. S. mesxiam abulasan quTaTeli sasuliero xelisuflad

CaTvala [131, 114]. abulasan quTaTeli p. ingoroyvam saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarq nikoloz gulaberisZesTan daaxloebul pirad miiCnia da

mosaxsenieblis Setana saaRape wignSi 1190-iani wlebiT gansazRvra, roca

nikoloz gulaberiZe aTons ewvia [98, 654, 715].

e. metrevelis gamokvleviT, nikoloz gulaberisZe kaTalikos-

patriarqobidan gadadgomis Semdeg, 1178 wlis mere ierusalimis magivrad aTonis

lavras ewvia. man Tamar mefis, abulasan quTaTelis da sxvaTa Sesawiravi Cai-

tana mama pavlesTan, romelmac guluxvi SesawiravisTvis abulasans aRapi ganu-

wesa [132, 99-100, 124].

abulasanTan dakavSirebiT v. silogavam ivarauda, rom igi nikoloz gula-

berisZis dasis erT-erTi momxre da momdevno kaTalikosis, miqael mirianis Zis

mowinaaRmdege iyo. xolo 1178 wlisTvis, roca nikolozi kaTalikosobidan

gadadga, masTan erTad abulasanmac datova quTaTel-episkoposoba. mkvelvarma

quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze abulasanis moRvaweoba XII saukunis 70-iani

wlebiT da 80-iani wlebis dasawyisiT daaTariRa [144, 93-94]. abulasanis moR-

vaweoba XII saukunis 70-ian wlebSi misaRebad gveCveneba, radgan amis Semdeg qu-

Taisis kaTedraze pavle episkoposi Cans, romlis mosaxseniebeli 1183 wlisTvis

aris Setanili aTonis iveriis RvTismSoblis monastris saaRape wignSi: `Tuesa

ianvarsa ie, wmidisa pavle Tebelisa, ganuwesT panaSÂidi pavlesa quTaTels, ÂTa

sxuaTa SemomwirvelTa amis esodenisa evlogiisTa, rameTu mosca drahkani per-

peraÁ mamis pavles ÃeliTa indiqtionsa a...~ [3, 263].

es aRapi e. metrevelis gamokvleviT ganwesebulia 1183 wlis 15 ianvars

pavle quTaTelisaTvis, romelmac mama pavles xeliT 40 perpera Seswira savanes

[132, 263]. mama pavle aTonis qarTvelTa monasters 1170 wlidan 1184 wlis 25

aprilamde winamZRvrobda [132, 124. 109, 235].

p. cxviloelis quTaTelTa nusxaSi pavle quTaTeli dasaxelebuli aseve ar

aris [157, 10-11]. v. silogavas varaudiT, pavle episkoposi quTaisis eparqias XII

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi mesveurobda [144, 94].

rogorc Cans, pavle quTaTels didxans ar umoRvawia quTaisis saepiskoposo

kaTedraze. Cveni varaudiT, is kaTalikos miqael mirianis Zis momxre unda yo-

filiyo.

1184 wlidan quTaisis mTavarepiskoposad anton saRiris Ze Cans. igi pirve-

lad `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Tamaris mefed meored kurTxevasTan dakavSirebiT

ixsenieba [20, 26-27]. 1185 wlisTvis gamarTul saeklesio krebaze anton quTaTeli

nikoloz gulaberisZesTan erTad aqtiurad iyo CarTuli kaTalikos-patriarq

miqaelis gadasayeneblad dawyebul moZraobaSi: `xolo Semorakrbes orisave

samTavrosa episkoposni, romelTa pirad aqunda zemo moÃsenebuli nikolaos,

msgavsi sexniisa TÂsisa, da antoni quTaTeli saRirisZe, didad ganTqmuli saT-

noebaTa Sina da Zlieri saqmiTa da sityÂTa. xolo winamZRuarTa krebisaTa ni-

kolaos da antoni, romelni ÂTar pirmetyuelni mTiebi... ar inebes Soris maTsa

yofad maSindeli igi qarTlisa kaTalikosi, rameTu winaukmo rame iwyo wesTagan

27

eklesiisaTa...~ [54, 118]. rogorc cnobilia, am krebaze anton quTaTelma da niko-

loz gulaberisZem miqaels kaTalikos-patriarqoba ver daatovebines.

SemdgomSi anton mTavarepiskoposi 1190-1191 wlebs Soris momxdari ajanyebis

dros ixsenieba [159, 261], roca giorgi rusi da qarTvel feodalTa erTi nawili

Tamar mefis xelisuflebas daupirispirda: `odesme Tevdore patriarqsa da an-

ton quTaTelsa, romeli igi oden darCa mas Jamsa erTgulad lixT-imeriT,

sisxliTa daTxevamdis, da sxuaTa episkoposTa gzavnidis, odesme Sinaursa

ejibsa da mestumresa, da maTgan veras piris mpovneli~ [20, 50]. am ajanyebis

dros dasavleT saqarTvelos didebulTagan mxolod anton saRirisZem uerT-

gula samefo xelisuflebas da Tamarma is amboxebulebTan mosalaparakeblad

gagzavna. Tumca antonma, didi pirovnuli Rirsebis da avtoritetis miuxedavad,

ajanyebulTa Semorigeba ver moaxerxa.

p. cxviloelma anton saRirisZis quTaTeloba 1175-1221 wlebiT daaTariRa

[157, 10-11], rac arasworia. antoni quTaisis saepiskoposos daaxloebiT 1184-1191

wlebSi (an 1184 wlidan XII-XIII saukunis mijnamde) ganagebda.

XIII saukunis quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebis Sesaxeb cnobebi TiTqmis ar

mogvepoveba, mxolod erTaderTi mRvdelmTavris Sesaxebaa Zalze mwiri infor-

macia SemorCenili.

katamonis wminda svimeon mimrqmelis monasterSi (ierusalimi) SemorCenilia

qvaze Sesrulebuli warwerebis fragmenti, romelic sakurTxevelSi trapezis

marcxniv iatakSi iyo Cadgmuli. es warwerebi 1859 wels, monastris restavraciis

dros aRmoCnda. dReisaTvis warweris sami fragmentidan mxolod erTia SemorCe-

nili da es qva eklesiis interieris Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxeSi devs. warwera

Zlier dazianebulia da SemorCenilia mxolod moxdenili, bolowertilovani

asomTavruli warweris sami striqoni. paleografiulad warwera XII saukunes, an

araugvianes XIII saukunis I naxevris xanas ganekuTvneba:

`..T cx [ove] l s m y [o] f [e] lisa j [uari] Ta [dide] b [u] lm [a] n q[u]

TaT[e] lm [a]n q[r] [R]Tsa. C[uen]isa di...~ [87, 41-42].

katamonis warweraSi moxseniebuli episkoposis saxeli samwuxarod

dazianebuli saxiTaa miRweuli, magram SemorCenili pirveli asos mixedviT,

safiqrebelia mas qristefore erqva.

momdevno xanis quTaisis episkoposis Sesaxeb cnoba `xelmwifis karis

garigebaSia~ daculi. Cven zemoT ganvixileT am dokumentis es monakveTi, sadac

iovane quTaTeli afxazeTis kaTalikoss samefo regaliebis Senaxvis Taobaze

edaveboda. quTaisis saepiskoposos saTaveSi iovane quTaTelis moRvaweoba,

`xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ moxseniebuli vaxtang II-isa da konstantine I-is

zeobis wlebis moxedviT, zogadad SesaZlebelia daTariRdes XIII saukunis

dasasruliT da XIV saukunis dasawyisiT, an XIV saukunis I naxevriT. garda

amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `xelmwifis karis garigeba~, rogorc es qar-

Tul istoriografiaSia miRebuli, giorgi V brwyinvalis mefobis xanas (1318-1346

ww.), anu XIV saukunis I naxevars ganekuTvneba.

Txzulebis teqstidan Cans, rom quTaTeli episkoposisa da afxazeTis

kaTalikosis davaSi saero pirebsac: vezirebs da laSqarsac miuRia

monawileoba. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom am maRali rangis sasuliero ierarqebs So-

ris dapirispirebas farTo masStabi miuRia. Tumca SeTanxmeba maleve momxdara

da quTaTels Tavis kaTedralur taZarSi samefo skiptris Senaxvis ufleba mou-

povebia. b. lominaZis varaudiT, quTaisis mTavarepiskoposs Tavis taZarSi

sruliad saqarTvelos mefis gvirgvinis Senaxvis uflebac miuRia [124, 654].

28

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom afxazeTis kaTalikosTan mimarTebaSi quTaTelis

zogierTi ufleba Semcirebula da sadavo gamxdara [163. 182]. magram iqvea gan-

sazRvruli quTaTeli mRvdelmTavris pativi da mniSvneloba: mas qarTul saek-

lesio ierarqiaSi iSxnel mTavarepiskoposTan erTad meoTxe adgili ekava. amave

dros, mefeTa `damlocveli~ (gvirgvinis damdgmeli) da bediel mTa-

varepiskoposTan erTad mefeTa `mesaflave~ (saflavze mwirveli episkoposi) iyo.

ierusalimis qarTvelTa jvris monastris svinaqsaris aRapSi moxseniebulia

miqael quTaTeli. misi aRapi Setanilia XXXV tabulaSi: `Tuesa sekdenbersa v

da z. q. amasve dResa panaSÂdi miqael quTaTelisa saukunoÁ, gardaiÃdebodes

daukleblad, da Ânca daaklos, RmerTman hkiTxos~ [133, 78].

aRapi ganwesebulia miqael quTaTelisaTvis 6 da 7 seqtembers mis mosaxse-

neblad. aRapis gamCeni cnobili ar aris. garda am mosaxseneblisa, XXXV tabu-

laSi aris kidev erTi aRapi, romelic ganwesebulia filipe gareyanisZisTvis.

xelnaweris mixedviT am tabulis aRapi XIV saukunes ver gadascdeba. savarau-

dod, filipe unda iyos Ze im gareyanis, romelic moxseniebulia XIII saukunis

damleviT da XIV saukunis damdegiT daTariRebul aRapSi. daaxloebiT amave

droiT unda Semoifarglos filipes aRapic [133, 113].

sxva cnobebi miqael quTaTel episkoposze saistorio wyaroebSi ar Cans.

Tu mis aRaps gareyanisZeTa aRapebis Tanadroulad CavTvliT, miqael quTaTeli

albaT XIV saukunis I naxevarSi ganagebda quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedras.

ierusalimis jvris monastris svinaqsaris aRapebis jgufSi ganTavsebulia

kidev erTi mosaxseniebeli, romelic biZa-Zmiswul quTaTel episkoposebs:

oqropirs da maxarobels ekuTvnis: `Tuesa ivlissa b. amasve dResa aRapi sau-

kunoÁ quTaTelisa oqropirisa da misi Zmiswulisa quTaTelisa maxaroblisa da

moxsenebaÁ yovelTa svanqsrisa warkiTxvasa zeda. da nu vin daguaklebT RmrTi-

saTs gevedrebiT, da vinc aRgÂsruloT, Segindvnes RmerTman~ [133, 103].

quTaTeli episkoposebis: oqropirisa da maxaroblis aRapebi ganwesebulia 2

ivlisisaTvis da TariRdeba XIV saukunis miwuruliT da XV saukunis damdegiT.

es orive quTaTeli XIV saukunis II naxevris moRvawe yofila [133, 119].

sxva xelmosaWidi cnoba am episkoposebis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba. savarau-

dod, oqropir quTaTeli saepiskoposo kaTedras ufro adre, daaxloebiT XIV

saukunis Sua wlebisaTvis ganagebda, xolo Semdeg eparqiis mRvdelmTavari misi

Zmiswuli maxarobeli gaxda. p. cxviloelis quTaTel episkoposTa qronologiur

siaSi iovane, miqaeli, oqropiri da maxarobeli dasaxelebulni ar arian.

g. kelenjeriZes, gabriel imereTis episkopossadmi miZRvnil naSromSi, vax-

uSti bagrationze dayrdnobiT CarTuli aqvs cnoba, rom imereTis mefe giorgi I-

ma, Zmam aleqsandre mefisam, 1390 wels quTaisis mRvdelmTavari arseni ga-

moacxada afxazeTis kaTalikosad [114, 102].

magram vaxuStisTan arsenis quTaTel episkoposobaze araferia naTqvami.

vaxuSti wers: `amave giorgim dasua kaTalikozad arseni q~sa C ~tJ~ (1390 w.) [6, 803].

TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelSi, romelic gacemulia aleqsandre mefis mier

kaciber TofuriZisadmi, sabuTis bolos moxseniebulia manuel quTaTeli

episkoposi: `awe qrisTes mier kurTxeviT kurTxeulno qarTlisa qaTalikozzno

da episkopozno: TqveniTa jvariTa, TqveniTa omforiTa Tqvenc asre daumtkiceT:

lixT-imerisa qaTalikozno da episkopozno, Tqvenc asre daumtkiceT brZaneba da

sigeli: svimon mawyverelo, manuel quTaTelo, daviT cxeTelo, elia Wyoindelo,

barTlome caiSvilo, romanoz moqvelo, grigol bedielo, saba xobelo, evdemos

cxeTelo, Tevdore drandelo~ [93, 1-3. 50, 232-235. 36, 35].

29

sigeli pirvelad eq. TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna. man dokumenti saqarTvelos

mefe aleqsandre I-s miakuTvna da misi mefobis wlebiT: 1413 (unda iyos 1412 w.) -

1442 wlebiT daaTariRa [93, 1-3]. T. Jordaniam nawilobriv gaiTvaliswina eq. Ta-

yaiSvilis varaudi da sigeli 1428-1430 wlebiT gadaaTariRa, magram iqve gamoTqva

varaudi, rom es sasisxlo sabuTi SeiZleboda imereTis mefe aleqsandre II-is

(1484-1510 ww.) gacemuli yofiliyo [50, 233-235]. TofuriZeTa sigeli s. kakabaZem

1490 wliT daaTariRa da igi imereTis mefe aleqsandre II-is boZebulad CaTvala

[107, 65]. pirTa anotirebul leqsikonSi es dokumenti 1484-1510 wlebiT, aleqsan-

dre II-is mefobis xaniT aris daTariRebuli [28, 460]. Am bolo dros T. jojuam

gaarkvia, rom TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigeli 1484-1488 wlebs Soris imereTis mefe

aleqsandre II-is mier aris gacemuli [168, 119].

T. Jordaniam manuel quTaTelTan dakavSirebiT gamoTqva varaudi, rom igi

SeiZleboda yofiliyo jer 1529 wels xonel episkoposad, xolo 1534 wels

nikorwmindelad daniSnuli manuel CxetiZe [50, 379]. es varaudi eq. TayaiSvilmac

SesaZlebelad miiCnia [91, 102].

p. cxviloelma manuelis quTaisis kaTedraze moRvaweoba 1431-1464 wlebiT

daaTariRa [157, 10-11]. magram, rogorc TofuriZeTa sasisxlo sigelidan Cans, igi

1484-1488 wlebs Sorisac ganagebda quTaisis eparqias da misi moRvaweoba XV sau-

kunis II naxevris dasawyisidan daaxloebiT 1488 wlamde unda daTariRdes. 1488

wlidan quTaisis saepiskoposos ukve sxva mRvdelmTavari ganagebda.

quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedras 1488 wlidan xelmZRvanelobda barTlome

quTaTeli. mTavarepiskoposi barTlome moxseniebulia imereTis mefe aleqsandre

II-is mier 1488 wels falavandiSvilebisadmi gacemuli sasisxlo sigelis

mtkicebulebiT nawilSi: `amis mowmeni arian da Sua damxdurni arian: patroni

dadian-gurieli giorgi, quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi barTlome, WilaZe lipari,

raWis erisTavi CxetiZe ivane~ [xeln. inst. Hd–8731. 28, 219-220. 168, 120-121]. quTaTelad kurTxevamde barTlomes, rogorc es TofuriZeTa sasisxlo

sigelidan Cans, caiSeli episkoposis saxelo ekava da caiSis eparqias daaxloe-

biT 1484-1488 wlebs Soris ganagebda [168, 120].

barTlome quTaTel mTavarepiskoposs 1488 wlis Semdegac gaugrZelebia

winsvla saeklesio ierarqiaSi. garejuli krebulis: `sanatrelis~ (Ven. 4) minaw-eris Tanaxmad, rogorc es T. jojuam gaarkvia, mas afxazeTis kaTalikosobac

miuRia da dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias daaxloebiT 1488-1519 wlebs Soris

ganagebda [168, 121].

cnobebis uqonlobis gamo ver dgindeba zustad ramden xans ganagebda

barTlome quTaisis eparqias da kaTalikosobis paralelurad flobda Tu ara

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis Tanamdebobas.

savaraudod, barTlome quTaisis saepiskoposos 1488 wlidan 1501 wlamde

edga saTaveSi. aleqsandre II imerTa mefis mier baqraZeTaTvis 1501 wlis 7 ivniss

gacemul sasisxlo sigelSi saxelis gareSe moxseniebuli quTaTeli episkoposi

[18, 23] barTlomes momdevno quTaTeli mRvdelmTavari, gerasime CxetiZe unda

iyos. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dokumentSi dasaxelebul quTaTel episkoposad barT-

lomes miviCnevT, mas sabuTSi aucileblad moixseniebdnen `kaTalikos-

quTaTelad~, radgan igi am droisTvis dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iyo.

XVI saukunis dasawyisSi imereTSi trapizonis faSa selimis meTaurobiT

osmalTa jari SemoiWra da 1510 wels: `qronikonsa rJჱ noembersa: kg: dawves

saydari quTaTisi da gelaTi~ [50, 327]. 1510 wlis 29 noembers osmalebis mier qu-

Taisis da gelaTis taZrebis dawvas gelaTis wminda giorgis gulanis garda

30

XVIII saukunis II naxevris kinklosuri minaweri [183, 1-19. 47, 256-261. 27, 55] da

erTi qronikaluri cnobac adasturebs [185, 6].

osmalebis mier quTaisisa da gelaTis eklesiebis aoxrebas sxva qroni-

kaluri cnobebi gansxvavebuli wlebiT aTariReben. magaliTad, 1508 wlis qveS

aRniSnavs selimis Semosevas ikorTis Jamn-gulani [107. 5] da XVI-XVII saukunis

kinklosuri minaweri [47, 331-333]; 1509 wliT _ `qarTlis cxovreba~ [5, 487] da

`parizis qronika~ (`cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa~) [55, 40]; xolo 1703 wlis Jamn-

gulanis [56, 67-72], 1749 wlis Semoqmedis gulanis [188, 149-154. 26, 121-122],

nikorwmindis xelnaweris [92, 182] da `erisTavTa daujdomelis~ [176, 14] cnobe-

biT, yovelive es 1512 wels momxdara. am wliT TariRdeba es darbeva vaxuStis-

Tanac [6, 810].

qarTul istoriografiaSi am Semosevis TariRad ZiriTadad 1510 welia

miRebuli [108, 6. 123, 206. 162, 212. 143, 94].

XVI saukunis I mesamedSi quTaisis saepiskoposos cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani

movlena moxda. imereTis mefe bagrat III-is (1510-1565 ww.) da dasavleT saqarT-

velos kaTalikos malaqia abaSiZis iniciativiT, quTaisis eparqias teritoriis

da samwysos mniSvnelovani nawili CamoerTva da iq axali saeklesio centrebi:

gelaTis da xonis saepiskoposo kaTedrebi daarsda. axali kaTedrebis dafuZneba

quTaTel episkopos gerasimes gardacvalebas da mis magivrad quTaTelad gera-

simes Zmiswulis, svimonis kurTxevas daemTxva:

`qoronikonsa siz: miicvala quTaTeli gerasime, ianvarsa i. amasve weli-

wadsa dajda maTi Zmiswuli svimon, da warvida da ekurTxa saydarsa

biWvinTisasa. amasve qoronikonsa mefeT-mefeman bagrat ganyo lixT-imeri sam sa-

episkopozod brZanebiTa afxazeTis kaTalikozisa abaSiZisaTa. ineba R`Ti gÂr-

gÂnosanma mefeT-mefeman bagrat da dedofalTa-dedofalman elene didisa da

caTa mobaZavisa saydarisa, axlisa ierusalimisa, genaTisa episkopozisa melqis-

edekisa sayuarelisZisa, saukunodamca ars Ãseneba maTi. amasve drosa imave pa-

tronman ganaCina xonel episkopozad mCxetiZe manoel misve afxazeTisa

kaTalikosisa ÃeliTa saydarTa Sigan biWvintisaTa, qoronikoni iyo s~iz: warvediT afxazeTs sakurTxevlad ivniss k ~, da movediT ivliss k~~[5, 493].

`axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ am cnobis Tanaxmad, gerasime quTaTeli 1529

wlis 10 ianvars gardaicvala. imave wels quTaisis saepiskoposos CamorTmeul

teritoriaze gelaTisa da xonis saepiskoposos kaTedrebi daaarses. 1529 wlis

20 ivnisisa da 20 ivliss Soris biWvinTaSi, sakaTalikosos centrSi gerasimes

Zmiswuli svimoni akurTxes quTaTel episkoposad.

Tumca saistorio wyaroebSi da istoriografiaSi am mniSvnelovani movle-

nis gansxvavebuli daTariRebebic gvxvdeba.

gelaTis gulanis XVII saukunis minaweris Tanaxmad, `qronikonsa sz (1519 w.)

gelaTs episkoposi damjdara~ [50, 335. 178, 196. 27, 71]. uTariRo gelaTis sigelis

mixedviT, misma pirvelma gamomcemelma T. Jordaniam gelaTSi saepiskoposos

daarseba da iq pirvel episkoposad melqisedek sayuarelisZis daniSvna 1519

wels miakuTvna [50, 342-343]. aseve, 1519 wels gacemulad miiCnia T. Jordaniam ba-

grat III-is mier gelaTisadmi boZebuli uTariRo sigeli `samwysosa da sazRvris

gaCenis Taobaze~ [50, 336]. XVIII saukunis Jamn-gulanSic 1519 wliT aris aRniSnu-

li gelaTis saepiskoposo kaTedris daarseba [31, 45]. amave wliT daaTariRa es

movlena vaxuSti batoniSvilma: `Semdgomad Semoikribna kaTalikoz-episkopozni

imereTisani bagrat mefeman da hyo gelaTi saepiskoposod da dasua sayvarelisZe

31

melqisedek, qronikonsa CfiT, qarT. s~z [6, 810]. amgvar daTariRebasve emxroba

mkvlevari T. qoriZe [152, 13-15].

sruliad gansxvavebulad, 1525 wliT aTariRebs imereTSi axali saepiskopo-

so kaTedrebis daarsebas Semoqmedis gulani (1749 wlis): `qronikonsa sig ge-

laTs omfori dasdves~ [188, 149-154. 27, 73-74. 48, 121-122].

1529 wels imereTSi axal saepiskoposoTa daarsebas, zemoT aRniSnuli

`axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ garda, agreTve adasturebs saistorio qronika

`cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa~ (`parizis qronika~), romelic g. alasanias gamokvle-

viT, `axal qarTlis cxovrebaze~ gvian daiwera [55, 23, 41-42]. garda amisa, gela-

Turi wminda giorgis gulanis minaweris cnobiT, 1529 wels, `qronikons: siz: am

qronikonsa miicvala quTaTeli germanoz da dadga sÂmeon~ [50, 372]. zustad ase-

Tive informacias gvawvdis erTi qronikaluri cnobac: `qronikonsa siz: miicva-

la quTaTeli germanoz da dadga sÂmeon~ [50. 327]. T. Jordanias Tavis qronikebSi

aseve CarTuli aqvs `parizis qronikis~ cnobac [50, 372-373].

qronikebSi naxsenebi germanozi da `axal qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ moxsenie-

buli gerasime quTaTeli, eWvgareSea erTi da igive pirovnebaa.

s. kakabaZem gelaTis sigeli (Zegli genaTelTa saepiskoposo kaTedris aRd-

genis Sesaxeb) 1529 wliT daaTariRa [17, 10-11]. dokumentis am wliT daTariReba i.

doliZemac gaiziara [42, 247]. imereTSi axali eparqiebis daarsebis TariRad 1529

weli moiazres b. lominaZem [123, 178] da o. soseliam [149, 33-34].

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi momxdari am mniSvnelovani movlenis da-

TariRebis dadgenisas, saintereso daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas iZleva imere-

Tis mefe bagrat III-is mier sefe jvris mtvirTvel fanCulaZesaTvis boZebuli

wyalobis sabuTi, romelsac TariRad uzis `qoronikoni sie, aprilis kz~, anu

1527 wlis 27 aprili. sigelis mtkicebulebiT nawilSi moxseniebulia gelaTis

winamZRvari makare, moZRvarTmoZRvari manase, afxazeTis kaTalikosi malaqia da

qarTlis kaTalikosi basiliosi [17, 8-10. 50, 370]. xolo 1529 wlis mere gacemul

sabuTebSi mxolod genaTeli episkoposebi gvxvdebian da ara monastris wi-

namZRvrebi [17, 12. 123, 36, 49].

SeiZleba es garemoeba iyos imis damasturebeli, rom gelaTsa da xonSi

saepiskoposo kaTedrebis daarseba 1529 wels unda momxdariyo, rac ufro marTe-

bulad gveCveneba.

gelaTsa da xonSi axali saeklesio centrebis daarseba aramarto saekle-

sio sferoSi ganxorcielebuli mniSvnelovani reforma iyo, aramed mas gark-

veuli politikuri datvirTvac gaaCnda.

imereTis mefe bagrat III-is dros imereTis samefom dasrulebuli saxe mii-

Ro. am mefes zogjer `aRmaSenebelsac~ uwodebdnen. Man, pirvel rigSi, imereTis

samefos samxedro-administraciuli mowyoba ganaxorciela. bagrat III-m Tavisi

samefo sasardloebad dahyo da raWis saerisTavos reorganizacia moaxdina. igi

aqtiurad da Tanmimdevrulad ebrZoda gandgomil mTavrebs [67, 116. 87(a), 24-38 ]. saxelmwifoebrivi politikis gatarebisas bagrat III-s eklesiis Tanadgomac

esaWiroeboda. amitom reformatori mefis yuradRebis gareSe arc saeklesio

cxovreba darCenila. reforma pirvel rigSi quTaisis Zvel saepiskoposos Seexo,

romelSic mTeli imereTi da raWa Sedioda. eparqia daiyo da axali saepiskopo-

so centrebi daarsda. Zveli quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi TavianTi mravalric-

xovani samwysoTi, saeklesio mamulebiTa da simdidriT imereTis mefeebs ar Ca-

mouvardebodnen. bunebrivia, reformatori bagrat III-isaTvis es miuRebeli aR-

moCnda da man axladdaarsebuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis saxiT Tavisi xeli-

32

suflebis mokavSireebi da mxardamWerebi SeiZina. mefis mier centraluri xeli-

suflebis ganmtkicebisaTvis brZolisas da gandgomili qveSevrdomebis morCile-

baSi mosayvanad, quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis, rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos

udidesi saeklesio xelisufalis, azri da pozicia angariSgasawevi da gasaTva-

liswinebeli iqneboda.A

Tavis mxriv, dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosis interesebSic Sedioda

aseTi mZlavri mTavarepiskoposis Zalauflebis Sesusteba da misi eparqiis

dayofa ramdenime saepiskoposod, raTa SesaZlo dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi ka-

Talikoss SesZleboda Tavisi xelqveiTis morCilebaSi moyvana, vinaidan mZlavri

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi kaTalikossac ar daudebda tols. malaqia kaTali-

kosisaTvis cnobili iqneboda `xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ aRwerili dapiris-

pirebis ambavi afxazeTis kaTalikossa da quTaTels Soris da misi Sedegi.

es reforma bagrat III-m saeklesio cxovrebis ukeT marTvis mizniT ganax-

orciela. amaSi mas kaTalikosi malaqia daexmara, romelmac Tavisi gavlena da-

savleT saqarTvelos eklesiaze kidev ufro ganamtkica.

axali saeklesio centrebis daarsebas kidev erTi faqtori ganapirobebda:

Tu erTiani saqarTvelos pirobebSi vrceli quTaisis saepiskoposo samefo xe-

lisuflebisaTvis problemas ar warmoadgenda, bevrad ufro mcire imereTis sa-

mefosTvis aseTi uzarmazari saepiskoposos arseboba ukve anaqronizmi iyo. Ta-

nac mezobel guriisa da samegrelos samTavroebSi ramdenime eparqia arsebobda,

romelTa sazRvrebi bevrad ufro nakleb teritoriebs moicavda. amitom imere-

Tis samefo karze vrceli quTaisis eparqiis dayofis da mis xarjze saepisko-

posTa gazrdis sakiTxic dadga.

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi gerasime (germanozi) da misi Zmiswuli svimo-

ni XVI saukunis CxeiZeTa saTavado saxlis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen [108, 29. 123,

206. 149, 33]. amave periodSi bediel episkoposad ijda germane CxetiZe, romelic b.

lominaZis azriT imave quTaTeli germanozi SeiZleba yofiliyo [123, 206-207].

analogiuri mosazreba gaaCnda o. soseliasac svimon quTaTelTan dakavSirebiT.

misi varaudiT svimon quTaTeli da imave periodSi moRvawe svimon jumaTeli

erTi da igive pirovneba iyo [149, 33].

gerasimes quTaisis episkoposad kurTxevis TariRad p. cxviloelma 1489 we-

li miCnia [157, 10-11]. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imereTis mefe aleqsandre II-is

mier 1501 wlis 7 ivniss baqraZeTaTvis gacemuli sasisxlo sigelis mtkicebule-

biT nawilSi saxelis gareSe moxseniebuli `quTaTeli episkoposi~ [18, 23], Cveni

varaudiT, gerasime CxetiZe unda iyos, xolo XV saukunis miwurulamde quTaisis

mTavarepiskoposad barTlome unda vivaraudoT.

gerasime quTaTelis Sesaxeb kidev erTi cnoba mogvepoveba: imereTSi, taba-

kinis monastris wminda giorgis eklesiis samwirvelos samxreTis karis Tavze

(Signidan) gamosaxuli iyo mRvdelmTavari. mas marcxena xelSi erTnaviani ekle-

siis modeli eWira, xolo meore xeli makurTxebeli marjvenis saxiT aris moce-

muli. freskaze gamosaxuli episkoposis marjvniv da marcxniv iyo warwera:

`aqa wmidisa giorgis monasteri Zlevisa da yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobli-

sa dakninebul da oxrebuli aRvaSene me CxetiZeman quTaTelma gerasime. codvani

misni Seundos RmerTma, amin da kirialeson misTa dedmamaTa da misTa micvale-

bulisa Seundos RmerTman, amin~ [83, 165-166].

quTaisis kaTedraze gerasime CxetiZis quTaTel episkoposad moRvaweoba 1501

wlidan 1529 wlis 10 ianvramde unda daTariRdes.

rac Seexeba germanes Zmiswul svimon quTaTels (radgan momdevno sauku-

neebSi quTaisis eparqias svimonis saxeliT kidev ori episkoposi ganagebda, mas

33

SemdgomSi svimon I saxeliT movixseniebT), T. Jordanias varaudiT, igi quTaisis

kaTedras 1529-1565 wlebs Soris ganagebda [50, 111], xolo p. cxviloeli quTaisis

saepiskoposos saTaveSi svimon I-is moRvaweobas 1573 wlamde fiqrobda [157, 10-11].

Tumca amis damadasturebeli wyaro mas ar miuTiTebia.

Cveni azriT, svimon I quTaisis saepiskoposos XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis

dasawyisamde ganagebda. XVI saukunis Sua wlebSi imereTis mefe bagrat III-is

iniciativiT, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba moiwvies, romelsac

qarTlis kaTalikosic daeswro. krebaze miiRes samarTlebrivi dokumenti _

`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ romelic daamtkices: afxazeTis kaTalikosma evde-

monma, qarTlis kaTalikosma malaqiam, quTaTelma mitropolitma svimonma, gen-

aTelma mTavarepiskoposma antonma. dadgenilebis mtkicebulebiT nawilSi aseve

moxseniebulni arian: Wyondideli, bedieli mitropoliti, moqveli mTa-

varepiskoposi, drandeli mitropoliti filipe, cagereli kozmani, nikorwmin-

deli ioakime, caiSvili kÂrile [106, 7].

s. kakabaZis azriT, `samarTali kaTalikozTa~ Sedgenilia 1544 wlidan 1562

wlamde, daaxloebiT XVI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi [106, 10]. k. kekeliZis varaudiT

_ 1543-1549 wlebs Soris [111, 571]. xolo a. tuRuSis daTariRebiT, am saeklesio

krebis gamarTva da dokumentis miReba 1548-1549 wlebs unda ganekuTvnebodes [151,

12].

`kaTalikozTa samarTalSi~ moxseniebuli quTaTeli mitropoliti svimoni,

eWvgareSea, svimon I CxetiZea, gerasime quTaTelis Zmiswuli, romelic am wleb-

Sic xelmZRvanelobda quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedras. aRsaniSnavia, rom qu-

TaTel mTavarepiskoposTagan mitropolitis wodeba pirvelad svimon I-s miuRia,

manamde arc erTi quTaTeli am saeklesio xarisxiT ar moixsenieba.

XVI saukunis erT-erT dokumentSi, kerZod 1563-1564 wlebiT daTariRebul

kldiaSvilebisadmi boZebul wyalobis wignSi moxseniebulia `batoni quTaTeli~

[21, 17]. Tu vendobiT p. cxviloeliseul daTariRebas svimon I-is quTaTelad

moRvaweobis wlebTan dakavSirebiT, maSin am sabuTSi moxseniebuli quTaTeli

episkoposi is unda iyos.

Tumca s. kakabaZe am periodis quTaTel episkoposad basili CxetiZes varau-

dobda [108, 29]. magram basili quTaTeli saistorio wyaroebSi ufro mogvianebiT,

XVII saukunis dasawyisSi gvxvdeba.

svimon I quTaTelis moRvaweobis dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi kidev erTi

axali eparqia daarsda. nikorwmindis sigelis Tanaxmad, bagrat III imereTis me-

fem raWaSi ganaaxla nikorwmindis eklesia da iq saeklesio kaTedra daaarsa. T.

Jordaniam am sigelis gacema da nikorwmindis saepiskoposos daarseba 1534 wliT

daaTariRa [50, 49, 373, 379]. amgvari daTariReba eq. TayaiSvilmac gaiziara [92, 183].

s. kakabaZem bagrat III-is mier nikorwmindisadmi boZebuli sigelis gacemis

TariRi 10 wliT gvian gadmoswia da, Sesabamisad, saepiskoposo kaTedris

daarseba 1544 wliT gansazRvra [108, 29].

svimon I quTaTelis moRvaweobis dros, misi dakveTiT, 1556 wels gadaiwera

gulani, romelic `gelaTis gulanis~ saxeliT aris cnobili. gulanze arsebuli

minaweri gvamcnobs: `quTaTel mTavarepiskopozsa svimonsa CxetiZesa, romlis

brZanebiT, didi moWirvebiTa aRiwera ese sulTaganmanaTlebeli gulani, codvani

misni Seundos RmerTman da ama sofelsa dRegrZeli da patiosneba miec, RmerTo

da quTaTisa da paliastomis RmrTismSobelo, Tquensa madlsa~ [50, 372].

es gulani gadauweria svimon sofromis Ze kargareTels. cnobili kali-

grafebi: svimoni, giorgi da zebede kargareTelebi cxovrobdnen XVI saukuneSi

34

[50, 111]. rogorc vxedavT, 1556 wlisTvis svimon I kvlav quTaisis saepiskoposos

saTaveSi dgas.

svimon I quTaTeli tabakinis monastris wminda giorgis eklesiis dasav-

leTis karis maxloblad iyo gamosaxuli, romlis qveS ewera: `quTaTels Zmasa

Cuensa simons Seundos RmerTman, amin~ [83, 167]. aseve, daviT garejis monasterSi,

wminda daviTis lavraSi, satrapezos aRmosavleT boZze amokawrulia warwera,

sadac svimon I quTaTeli da genaTeli melqisedeki (sayvarelisZe) ixseniebian: `q.

Sen saSinelo garejisa RmrTismSobelo, [acxo]v[a]-ne patoni quTaTeli svimon da

paton[i ge]naTeli melqized. amin ufalo~ [7, 179].

amrigad, svimon I-is quTaTel episkoposoba unda ganisazRvros 1529 wlidan

vidre XVI saukunis 60-ian wlebamde, an, rogorc p. cxviloeli varaudobda, 1573

wlamde. 34 wlis manZilze svimonis quTaTel episkoposoba dasaSvebad migvaCnia.

momdevno quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi, romlis Sesaxeb cnobebi mogvepoveba,

aris basili CxetiZe. basili quTaTelis Sesaxeb cnoba pirvelad gvxvdeba mis

mier aTonis iveriis monastrisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi: `RmrTismSobelo me...

quTaTel mTavarepiskopozman basilios... SemogwireT... Tquen portiatisa

RmrTismSobels... qutirs glexi SeTatmaxaSvili nasyidi da umcrosaÁ da iqiv

glexi beTlem ivanikaSvili da misi Zmiswuli giorgaÁ da mesxeTis glexi Ran-

duriZe nasyida... daiwera qoronikonsa orasormodaaTsa, ivnissa erTsa~ [50, 404].

sigelis daweris TariRi T. Jordaniseuli gamoqveynebiT aris 1562 wlis 1 ivnisi.

a. natroevis mixedviT, sigeli dawerilia `qronikonsa orasoTxmocdaaTsa~,

rac 1602 wels udris [174, 305-306]. basili quTaTelis mier gacemuli am sigelis

uaxloes gamocemaSic igi 1602 wliT aris daTariRebuli [28, 470].

basili quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi paliastomis xatis warweraSic aris

naxsenebi: `dedaqalaqisa quTaisisa RuTismSobelo, adide orTave cxovrebasa me-

feTamefe giorgi, Ze maTi aleqsandre... quTaTel mTavarepiskoposman CxetiZeman

basili movaWedineT xati ese yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSoblisa, pirvel moWedili

daZvelebuliyo da Cven meored ganvaaxleT~ [138, 34].

g. CubinaSvilma xatis warweraSi moxseniebuli giorgi mefe imereTis mefe

giorgi II-d miiCnia, romelic, misi azriT, 1548-1585 wlebSi zeobda (giorgi II me-

fobda 1565_1586 wlebSi _ p.g.). gamomdinare aqedan, mkvlevarma basili quTaTelis

mier xatis xelmeored Semkoba am wlebs Soris Sesrulebulad miiCnia. aseve,

basili quTaTelis mier aTonis iverTa monastrisaTvis gacemuli sigelis

TariRad 1562 weli CaTvala [200, 635-636].

m. nikoleiSvilis dakvirvebiT, paliastomis xatis warweraSi qoronikonis

aRmniSvneli `t~ aso, romelic dazianebulad miaCndaT, xatis mamkoblebs adgi-

lis simciris gamo pirveli striqonis boloSi gadautaniaT. aqedan gamomdinare,

xatze warweris Sesruleba 1612 wels ganekuTvneba 138, 35].

paliastomis xatze arsebuli warweris amgvari daTariReba damajereblad

migvaCnia, radgan basili quTaTelis am periodSi moRvaweobas 1619 wels giorgi

III imereTis mefis (1605-1639 ww.) mier golgoTis monastrisadmi gacemuli

Sewirulobis wignic adasturebs. am Sewirulobis wignis Tanaxmad, giorgi mefe,

dedofali Tamari, maTi Zeebi _ aleqsandre, rostomi da mamia _ sofel sazanoSi

mcxovreb sam koml glexs swiraven golgoTis monasters. sigelis mtkicebule-

biT nawilSi moxseniebulia quTaTeli batoni vasiliosi (igive basili), sax-

lTxucesi vaxtangi da paata abaSiZe. sabuTs TariRad uzis `qoronikoni tz~

(1619 weli) [21, 22].

o. soseliam basili quTaTelis moRvaweoba giorgi III-is xanas daukavSira,

xolo mis momdevno quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad svimon CxetiZe (svimon II) miiCnia

35

[149, 42]. s. kakabaZis varaudiT, svimon quTaTelis (svimon I) mere quTaisis

episkoposi basili iyo, xolo basilis Semdeg svimon CxetiZe (svimon II) [108, 30].

p. cxviloeli quTaTelTa qronologiur nusxaSi basili quTaTelis moR-

vaweobas 1574-1619 wlebiT aTariRebs [157, 10-11].

yvela am cnobidan gamomdinare, basili quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis moR-

vaweoba zogadad SesaZlebelia, XVI-XVII saukunis mijnidan XVII saukunis 20-ian

wlebamde ganisazRvros.

momdevno quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis, Teofiles Sesaxeb Zalze mwiri

cnoba mogvepoveba. mis Sesaxeb vgebulobT grigol RvTismetyvelis (nazianze-

lis) XIII saukuneSi gadawerili Txzulebis _ `sityvanis~ gviandeli minaweridan,

romlis Tanaxmad, es wigni ganuaxlebia mTavarepiskopos Teofiles: `gelaTisa

da xaxulis RmrTismSobelo, umetesad didebuli yav suliT da xorciT madide-

beli Seni da axlad mamkobeli am wignisa gurielis Svili, quTaTeli mTa-

varepiskopozi, patroni Teofile aqa umetes saukunisa, amin~ [14, 158-159. 52, 63. 186,

56. 204, 34].

p. cxviloels Teofile quTaTeli Tavis nusxaSi Seyvanili hyavs, magram

misTvis ucnobia am mTavarepiskoposis moRvaweobis wlebi. am siaSi Teofile

basili quTaTelis Semdeg aris dasaxelebuli [157, 10-11].

Teofile quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis Sesaxeb sxva cnobebi ar mogvepoveba.

ucnobia agreTve, Tu romeli gurielis Svilia igi. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom

igi quTaisis eparqias basili quTaTelis mere, daaxloebiT XVII saukunis 20-iani

wlebidan amave saukunis Sua xanamde ganagebda. XVII saukunis Sua wlebidan qu-

Taisis mTavarepiskoposad svimon CxetiZea, romelsac Semdgom svimon II-is sax-

eliT movixseniebT.

saistorio wyaroebSi svimon II CxetiZed an CxeiZed ixsenieba [149, 31]. svimon

II quTaTel mitropolitad pirvelad moxseniebulia 1651 wels, imereTSi rusi

elCebis, nikifore toloCanovis da aleqsi ievlevis mogzaurobis dros. aleqsi

ievlevi aRniSnavs: `imereTSi, quTaisSi aris RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia,

romelic svimon mitropolits ekuTvnis~ [4, 166-167]. imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-

is (1639-1660 ww.) mier ruseTis mefe aleqsi mixeilis Zisadmi 1651 wlis 9

oqtombers dadebul ficis wigns sxva sasuliero pirebTan erTad xels svimon II

quTaTelic awers: `quTaisisa da palistomis yovlad wmidisa mitropoliti svi-

mon quTaTeli~ [4, 175].

svimon CxeiZe sanam quTaisis eparqias Caudgeboda saTaveSi, 1637 wlisTvis

nikorwmindel episkoposad ixsenieba [50, 452].

svimon II quTaTeli aseve aleqsandre III imereTis mefis mier giorgi da

xosia axvledianebisadmi daaxloebiT 1639-1659 wlebSi boZebuli wyalobis wignis

mtkicebulebiT nawilSia moxseniebuli [17, 63-64]. svimoni da misi Zma, sax-

lTxucesi sexnia CxeiZe, mowmed arian dasaxelebuli aleqsandre III-is mier 1660

wlis dasawyisSi cixisTav omaTmadiZisadmi gacemul wyalobis sigelSi [101, 90-

92].

male svimon II quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi, kaTalikos zaqaria qvarianis

gardacvalebis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi gaxda. am faqts ge-

laTis wminda giorgis gulanis gviandeli minaweri 1659 wels miakuTvnebs:

`qoronikonsa tmz... gardaxda qvariani zaqaria da amave welsa qristiani da

RvTismoyuare quTaTeli mitropoliti CxetiZe batoni svimoni kaTalikozad das-

ves~ [50, 476. 180. 147]. magram gelaTis gulanis minaweris es cnoba swori ar aris.

zaqaria moqmed kaTalikosad iyo 1660 welsac [122, 132]. igi imave wels imereTSi

momxdar movlenebSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda.

36

1660 wlis 4 marts gardaicvala mefe aleqsandre III. samefo taxtze misi Ze

bagrat IV avida, romelsac dedinacvali, aleqsandre III-is meore coli, darejan

dedofali daupirispirda. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg darejan dedofalma Tavis

momxreebTan erTad bagrat IV daatyveva da Semdeg daabrmava [6, 834, 835]. dedof-

lis momxreebs Soris kaTalikosi zaqaria qvarianic iyo, rasac mefe Teimuraz I-

Tan Camosuli rusi despanebis erT-erTi xelqveiTi, ivane fiodorovi [139, 153] da

1664 wels imereTSi myofi antioqiis patriarqi makari [173, 16-17] adastureben.

zaqarias gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1660 wlidan, kaTalikosis taxti svimon II qu-

TaTelma daikava. igi `kaTalikos-quTaTelad~ an `quTaTel-kaTalikosad~ iwode-

boda.

svimon CxeiZe `quTaTel-kaTalikosad~ pirvelad 1661 wels, vamey dadianis

mier gacemul sigelSi ixseneba, romelic dadianma biWvinTis RvTismSoblis ek-

lesias da axal kaTalikoss, svimon II quTaTel mitropolits miarTva. sabuTSi

vameyi pirobas sdebda, rom eriskacTagan mitacebul saeklesio mamulebs isev

sakaTalikosos daubrunebda da kaTalikosis ukiTxavad episkoposebs ar daniS-

navda [41, 223]. analogiuri pirobis wigni misca 1664 wels svimon kaTalikos-

quTaTels giorgi gurielma [41, 225-226].

svimon kaTalikos-quTaTelis aSenebuli unda iyos sofel TxilTawyaros

eklesia, romlis sakurTxevelSi gadarCenili warwera gvauwyebs: `q mx~sne or s~sfvelsa S~sa amis eklesiis aRmSenebeli CxeiZe svimon~ [78, 16]. TxilTawyaro

sagenaTlo sofeli iyo da kaTalikosma saeklesio miwaze aago axali eklesia.

svimon II quTaTeli moxseniebulia XI saukunis svinaqsaris krebulis gvian-

del minawerSi: `sulsa quTaTel mTavarepiskoposa CxetiZesa simons Seundnen

RmerTman~ [45, 438]. kaTalikos-quTaTeli svimoni gardaicvala 1666 wlis 11

oqtombers [50, 483. 6, 838].

p. cxviloelma svimonis quTaTel mTavarepiskoposoba 1620-1659 wlebiT

daaTariRa [157, 10-11], rac swori ar aris. rogorc mimovixileT, svimon II qu-

Taisis saepiskoposo kaTedras XVII saukunis Sua wlebidan (1651 wlidan mainc)

1660 wlamde ganagebda, rogorc quTaisis mitropoliti, xolo 1660-1666 wlebSi

igi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iyo da imavdroulad quTaTelis sax-

eloc ekava.

quTaisis momdevno mTavarepiskoposi svimon III wina, kaTalikos-quTaTeli

svimon II-is ZmisSvili da saxlTxuces sexnia CxeiZis Svili iyo. igi pirvelad

1669 wlis 6 dekembriT daTariRebul, imereTis mefe bagrat IV-is (1660-1681 ww.)

mier ruseTis mefe aleqsisTvis miweril weril-mimarTvaSi, dasavleT saqarT-

velos kaTalikosis, efvTimes Semdeg aris dasaxelebuli: `didisa dedaqalaqisa

quTaTel mitrotpoliti svimon~ [53, 100. 179, 82. 104. 207]. magram rogorc marTe-

bulad miuTiTa o. soseliam, am svimons quTaTeloba aRniSnul xanaze ufro

adre, misi biZis, kaTalikos-quTaTel svimon II-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1666

wlis miwurulSi unda mieRo [149, 42].

vaxuSti bagrationi svimon III quTaTels Zalian uaryofiTad axasiaTebs da

iseT pirovnebad warmoaCins, romelic saeklesio saqmeebis magivrad ufro saero-

politikuri cxovrebiT iyo garTuli da quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze moR-

vaweobis dros mraval ukanonobas sCadioda [6, 851].

daaxloebiT 1668 wlisTvis, svimon III quTaTeli giorgi abaSiZesTan erTad

win aRudga imereTSi arCil vaxtangis Zis gamefebas da imereTis mefe aleqsan-

dre IV-is (1683-1695 ww.) erTguli darCa. magram ukve 1690 wlisTvis igi arCil me-

fis mxareze gadavida [6, 851-853. 108, 105-106].

37

svimon III-is quTaTelobis Jams saepiskoposos kaTedralur taZars,

RvTismSoblis eklesias axali ubedureba daatyda. vaxuStis mixedviT, 1691 wels

arCil mefem quTaisis cixeSi gamagrebul osmalebs Seutia, magram Semdeg iZ-

ulebuli gaxda, maTTvis alya moexsna, rasac savalalo Sedegi mohyva: `garna

iqna sagloveli, rameTu gamovidnen cixidan osmalni da Semusres quTaisis ek-

lesia yovlad wmidisa, did Suenierad gebuli, ÂnaTgan avnebdnen cixes munidam

friad~ [6, 854].

rogorc osmaleTis sulTnis am periodSi moRvaweo oficialuri mematianis,

funduklulus Txzulebidan irkveva, qarTvelebma arCil mefis xelmZRvanelo-

biT quTaisis cixes alya 1698 wels Semoartyes da ara 1691 wels, rogorc amas

vaxuSti aRniSnavs. osmalo istorikosis cnobiT, quTaisis cixis alya 1698 wlis

aprilSi dawyebula: `qarTlis mefe Sahnavazis vaJi, arCil xanad wodebuli,

rusebma rom azovi aiRes, man qarTveli Tavadebi, aznaurebi, sasuliero wodebis

msaxurni faruli SegulianebiT Seacdina da sakmaod didi raodenobis jariT

1109 wlis Sevalis pirvel dReebSi (1698 wlis aprili) quTaisis cixis alyis Se-

mortyma daiwyo... 7 Tve ganuwyvetliv utevda cixes, wylisa da sursaT-sanovagis

gzebi gadauWra... mTeli imereTis Tavadebi: abaSiZe, quTaTeli, genaTeli, raWa-

leCxumis urjuloni, dadianis mouravi lipartiani, yvelani 2000 jariskaciT

imerTa dasaxmareblad rom mividnen, cixes mZlavrad Semouties~. _ swored erT-

erTi Setevis dros, osmalTa sapasuxo cecxlis dros daingra quTaisis yov-

ladwminda RvTismSoblis taZari, radgan _ `cecxlma am eklesiaze myofnic

gaanadgura da eklesiis gumbaTi da kedlebic daangria~ [71, 222. 61, 153-161].

rogorc funduklulus Txzulebis am nawyvetidan Cans, svimon III quTaTels

am brZolaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miuRia.

svimon III quTaTeli aseve moxseniebulia arCil mefis mier 1691 wels

qaixosro wereTlisadmi gacemul wyalobis wignSi: `amis maSuali da mowame aris

quTaTeli batoni svimoni~… [21, 40-41].

1696-1714 wlebiT daTariRebul sabuTSi dasaxelebulia `CxeiZe mTa-

varepiskoposi~, romelsac dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosma grigolma

imereT-odiSis TavadebTan erTad fici CamoarTva osmalo agresorebTan

brZolisa da `piris miucemlobis~ Taobaze [35, 43-45]. es `CxeiZe mTa-

varepiskoposi~ svimon III quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi unda iyos.

p. cxviloelma quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedraze svimon III-is moRvaweoba

1673-1698 wlebiT daaTariRa [157, 10-11], rac aSkarad mcdaria. rogorc o. soseliam

miiCnia, svimon III-is quTaTeloba unda daTariRdes 1666 wlidan vidre XVIII sau-

kunis dasawyisamde [149, 43, 49], rac marTebulad migvaCnia.

quTaisis saepiskoposos XVIII saukunis I mesamedSi, svimon III quTaTelis

mere, evdemon mitropoliti ganagebda. mis Sesaxeb cnobas `ficis wigni~ iZleva,

romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos Tavadebma afxazeTis kaTalikos grigols, qu-

TaTel evdemons da genaTel nikolozs miarTves. am `ficis wigniT~ Tavadebma

piroba dades, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos dasapyrobad wamosul osmalebs xel-

Sewyobas aRar aRmouCendnen. eq. TayaiSvilis varaudiT, es dokumenti 1680-1710

wlebs Soris unda iyos dawerili [35, 43, 44-45]. magram, radgan masSi evdemon qu-

TaTeli ixsenieba, sabuTi aSkarad XVIII saukunis dasawyisSia gacemuli.

evdemon quTaTeli moxseniebulia burjanaZeebis `ficis wignSi~, romelic

maT dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikos grigols miarTves. rogorc sabuTidan

Cans, grigol kaTalikosma evdemon quTaTeli da nikoloz genaTeli miavlina

burjanaZeebTan, romlebic tyveTa syidvas eweodnen da maTi Serisxva daavala.

38

sabuTi imereTSi giorgi VI-is mefobis pirveli etapis wlebis (1707-1711) mixedviT

aris daTariRebuli [35, 47].

1669-1725 wlebiT aris daTariRebuli wyalobis wigni, romelic evdemon qu-

TaTelma papua agiaSvils uboZa: `Cven, qristes RmrTisa mier kurTxeviT

kurTxeulman quTaTel mitropolitman batonman evdemon mogeciT ese auarebeli,

mtkice da Seucvalebeli fici, piri da wigni Tqven, agiaSvils papuas~ [42, 710-

711]. es sabuTic XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan vidre 1725 wlamde unda iyos gace-

muli da ara 1669 wlidan.

p. cxviloelis quTaTelTa nusxaSi evdemon quTaTeli dasaxelebuli ar

aris. magram mkvlevari evdemonis quTaTel mitropolitobis Jams quTaisis mTa-

varepiskoposad maqsime iaSvils asaxelebs da misi moRvaweobis TariRad 1699-1737

wlebs sdebs [157, 10-11]. p. cxiloeli aqac ar uTiTebs amis damadasturebel

saistorio wyaros da verc Cven moviZieT maqsime iaSvilis quTaTel episkoposo-

bis Taobaze raime cnoba. o. soselias varaudiT, XVII saukunis ukanasknel

meoTxedsa da XVIII saukunis I meoTxedSi ori evdemon quTaTeli moRvaweobda.

pirveli kaTedras 1669-1694 wlebSi, xolo meore _ 1721-1725 wlebSi ganagebda [148,

14-15]. es mosazreba marTebulad ar migvaCnia, radgan XVII saukunis dasasru-

lamde, rogorc aRvniSneT, quTaisis mTavarepiskoposi svimon III CxeiZe iyo.

xolo XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan amave saukunis 30-ian wlebamde saistorio

wyaroebSi quTaisis mitropolitad mxolod erTi evdemon quTaTeli gvxvdeba. is

quTaisis eparqias quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad timoTe gabaSvilis daniSvnamde

ganagebda.

timoTe gabaSvili quTaTel mitropolitad saistorio wyaroebSi 1737 wli-

dan Cans. am wels imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-m (1720-1752 ww.) timoTe quTaTeli

ruseTSi elCad miavlina da imperator ana ioanes asulTan werili gaatana. es

werili dawerilia 1737 wlis 27 seqtembers [179, 225-226]. am elCobaSi timoTes

garda monawileobas SanSe qsnis erisTavic iRebda. despanebi moskovSi 1738 wlis

martis pirvel ricxvebSi Cavidnen [134, 081. 76, 195]. timoTe quTaTelma ruseTis

saimperatoro kars aleqsandre V-is werilTan erTad dasavleT saqarTveloSi

Seqmnili samxedro-politikuri mdgomareobac gaacno. aseve maT warudgina sava-

raudod sakuTari Sedgenili lixT-imereTis ruka, sadac aRniSnuli iyo

mniSvnelovani cixe-simagreebi, dasaxlebuli punqtebi, eklesia-monastrebi.

bolos, imereTis elCi ruseTisgan dasavleT saqarTvelos osmalTagan gan-

Tavisuflebas iTxovda [134, 081-082]. am elCobidan timoTe imereTSi daaxloebiT

1742-1743 wlebis mijnaze dabrunda [134, 0107].

marTalia, timoTe gabaSvili quTaTel mitropolitad 1737 wels ixsenieba,

magram misaRebad migvaCnia e. metrevelis mosazreba, rom mas es xarisxi aR-

niSnul xanaze ramdenime wliT ufro adre unda mieRo [134, 079]. am dros os-

malTa moZalebis gamo imereTSi mZime mdgomareoba iyo Seqmnili. gansakuTrebiT

eklesia dazaralda. imereTSi Casul timoTes TurqTa xelSi quTaisis sa-

episkoposo kaTedraluri taZari gumbaTCamoqceuli da `uwirav-ulocveli~ dax-

vda [86, 184].

timoTe quTaTelis ruseTSi yofnis periodSi imereTSi quTaisis axali

mTavarepiskoposi daadgines. anCisxatis taZris kondakis minaweris Tanaxmad, 1740

wels quTaTel mitropolitad akurTxes antoni (eriskacobaSi Teimuraz bagra-

tioni, Semdgom qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarqi anton I): igi `wlisa ocisa mitro-

politad xeldasmul iqmna afxazeTisa kaTalikozisa grigolis mier saydarsa

zeda quTaisisa, seqtembersa kz, dResa SabaTsa~ [94, 142. 34, 121]. rogorc minaw-

eridan Cans, antons quTaTeloba 20 wlis asakSi miuRia 1740 wlis 27 seqtembers,

39

radgan, rogorc imave minaweridan irkveva, igi 1720 wlis 17 oqtombers dabade-

bula [94, 142].

antonis mier 1740 wels quTaTel mitropolitobis miRebas adasturebs a.

xaxanaSvilic [192, 2].

antonma quTaTel mTavarepiskoposoba maleve datova da daviT garejis ud-

abnos miaSura. imave anCisxatis kondakis minaweris mixedviT, mis mier quTaisis

eparqiis samwysos datoveba 1743 wlis 5 ianvars momxdara [94, 142]. antonis mier

am wlisTvis quTaisis kaTedris datoveba a. xaxanaSvilma imereTSi Seqmnili

mZime mdgomareobas daukavSira [192, 2]. Cveni mosazrebiT, antonis mier quTaisis

mitropolitobis datoveba ruseTidan timoTe gabaSvilis CamosvlasTan aris da-

kavSirebuli.

quTaisis samTavarepiskoposos kaTedraze dabrunebuli timoTe gabaSvili

1747 wlis 11 agvistoTi daTariRebul, imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-is mier

mRvdel svimon wereTlisadmi gacemul wyalobis sigelSi mowmed ixsenieba [21,

80].

timoTe gabaSvili quTaTel mTavarepiskoposad daaxloebiT 1747 wlis

bolomde mainc unda darCeniliyo, xolo Semdeg imereTSi osmalTa agresiis da

TareSis gamo is qarTlSi gadasula, sadac samTavros monastris saqmeebs

ganagebda. 1749 wels timoTes kaTalikos-patriarqma anton I-ma bolnisis eparqiis

mamulebis Semosavali uboZa. qarTlSi gadasuli timoTe erTxans, 1752 wlamde

quTaTel mitropolitis wodebas atarebda [134, 0108-0109], miuxedavad imisa, rom

mas es saepiskoposo datovebuli hqonda da realurad mis saTaveSi ar imyofe-

boda. 1753 wlis maisisTvis timoTe ukve quTaTel-yofilad da qarTlis mTa-

varepiskoposad ixsenieba [51, 225], iseve rogorc 1755 wels, roca timoTe qu-

TaTelyofili da qarTlis arqiepiskoposi portaitis RvTismSobels Sewyalebas

sTxovs [51, 235]. amave wels samefo karisa da mcxeTeli kaTalikozis (anton I-is)

xelSewyobiT timoTe gabaSvili osmaleTis imperiaSi Semaval wmida adgilTa

mosalocad gaemgzavra. 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi man orjer moinaxula aTonis mTa

da ierusalimi, garkveuli xani dahyo konstantinepolSic. es mogzauroba timoTe

gabaSvilma dawvrilebiT aRwera Tavis TxzulebaSi _ `mimosvla~. 1761 wels

timoTe gaemgzavra ruseTSi, xolo gardaicvala astraxanSi 1769 wels [134, 0127].

k. kekeliZem timoTe gabaSvilis quTaTel mTavarepiskoposoba 1738-1743 wle-

biT daaTariRa [112, 354]. l. meliqseT-begis azriT, timoTe 1738 wlamde quTaTel

episkoposad, Semdeg qarTlis mTavarepiskoposad moRvaweobda [130, 637]. timoTes

quTaTel mTavarepiskoposoba p. cxviloelma 1738-1752 wlebiT daaTariRa [157, 10-

11].

zemomyvanili wyaroebis monacemebidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom timoTe

gabaSvili quTaTel mTavarepiskoposis Tanamdebobas ikavebda XVIII saukunis 30-

iani wlebis dasawyisidan 1747 wlis CaTvliT. xolo 1748-1749 wlidan 1752

wlamde igi mxolod formalurad atarebda quTaTeli mitropolitis wodebas.

timoTe gabaSvilis mier quTaisis saepiskoposos datovebis Semdeg eparqias

mZime dro daudga. osmalTa Semosevebma da maT mier imereTis samefos

dedaqalaqis dapyrobam faqtobrivad moSala quTaisis saepiskoposo. amas

emateboda sakaTedro taZris mdgomareoba _ RvTismSoblis eklesia 1698 wlis

saomari moqmedebebis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad dazianda da, faqtobrivad, iq

wirva-locvis Catareba SeuZlebeli gaxda. 1747 wlis Semdeg, rac timoTe

mitropolitma datova samwyso da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida, quTaisis

saepiskoposo kaTedras formalurad maqsime abaSiZe Caudga saTaveSi. igi

40

pirvelad lazare ergebliZis mier 1750 wels gelaTis RvTismSoblis

eklesiisadmi Sewirulobis wignSia moxseniebuli, rogorc `quTaTelad

wodebuli~ [18, 1]. maqsime am tituliT kidev erT sabuTSi, imereTis mefe

solomon I-is (1752-1784 ww.) mier gacemuli sigelis bolos ixsenieba [18, 4-5].

`quTaTelad wodebuli~ maqsimes qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime viTarebis gamo

misdami daqvemdebarebul saepiskoposos marTva-gamgeobaze srulad xeli ar

miuwvdeboda. quTaisSi osmaluri garnizonis Cayenebam maqsime iZulebuli gaxada

saepiskoposo rezidencia sxvagan gadaetana. 1766 wlis 23 ianvriT daTariRebul,

solomon mefis mier quTaTeli mitropoliti maqsimesadmi boZebuli wyalobis

wignidan irkveva, rom roca quTaisi da quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesia os-

malebs hqondaT dakavebuli, quTaTel maqsimes sofel maRlakSi, JorJolianebis

mamulSi mcire eklesia auSenebia da RvTismSoblis mTavari xati iq daubrZane-

bia. rogorc Cans, maRlakSi saepiskoposo rezidencia 1770 wlamde quTaisis os-

malTagan srul ganTavisuflebamde arsebobda, rasac gvafiqrebinebs solomonis

mimarTva maqsimesadmi: `amis muqafad Tqvenc es piroba dasdeviT, romelic qu-

TaTeli mag eklesiaze ijdes mitropolitad, Tquen Tu Tqveni Semdgomi, yovel

aRdgomas TviTon quTaTeli CvenTvis Jams gviwirvides~ [63, 80-83].

1759 wels quTaisis moSlili eparqia isev aRadgines. am wlis 4 dekembers

saeklesio krebaze, romelsac eswrebodnen: mefe solomon I, dasavleT saqarT-

velos kaTalikosi besarioni, Wyondideli mitropoliti gabrieli, genaTeli mi-

tropoliti iosebi, Semoqmedeli nikolozi, cagereli grigoli da sxva saekle-

sio Tu saero pirebi, daadgines:

`quTaisis eklesia yovlad wmidisa taZari ÃelT egdo mZvinvaresa agariansa

da mizeziT amiT saquTaTlo mamuli da samrevlo mimobneuliyo da romelime

daSTomiliyo, saeroT gamxdariyo da quTaTeli aRar ijda. axla Cven vinebeT

ganaxleba da saquTaTlos mouSleloba... da davamtkiceT, aw da ukunisamde raTa

Seucvalebelad egos saquTaTlo ese da davajdineT quTaTeli ese da gakurTxe-

bineT quTaTelad abaSiZe maqsime... da davamtkiceT ase, rom saquTaTlo saxaso

mamuli sadac iyos da visac qondes, yvela uklisad saquTaTlod egos amier

ukunisamde. vinc amis Semdgomad quTaTeli dajdes, yovlis kacisagan Seu-

cileblad qondes, amas da Semdgomsa amissa aucileblad, ase, rom rac xelmwi-

fis samarTali iyos, nadirobaqve da yanis mosavali saqme, romelic rigi iyo,

Torem sxva ara eTxovebodes ra Tvinier quTaTlis udasturod, arc Zali da

usamarTloba daemarTos, arc vin mouravi da ufrosi daudges mas mamulSid,

Tvinier misi ymis meti, ase xelSeualaT saquTaTlod iyos...~ [105, 3-6].

am saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT quTaisis samTavarepiskoposos dau-

brunda mitacebuli yma-mamuli da Seuvaloba. es Zalian mniSvnelovani movlena

iyo dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiisTvis, romelic osmalTa moZalebis gamo

did gaWirvebas ganicdida. krebis gadawyvetilebiTve `quTaTelad wodebuli

maqsime quTaisis mitropolitad daamtkices da akurTxes~.

1773 wlis 9 ianvars solomon I-ma quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesias da qu-

TaTel mitropolit maqsimes sagangebo sigeliT sabolood daumkicda mitace-

buli yma-mamuli, romelic ZvelTaganve am eparqiis sakuTrebas Seadgenda [21, 129-

133].

maqsime quTaTeli aramarto sasuliero sferoSi iRvwoda aqtiurad, aramed

diplomatiur sarbielzec gamoiCina Tavi. 1768 wels solomon I-ma maqsime

ruseTSi elCad miavlina [13, 225], sadac man 1769 wels ruseTis saimperatoro

kars dawvrilebiT gaacno imereTis samefoSi da saerTod dasavleT saqarT-

veloSi osmaleTis gamudmebuli agresiiT Sedegad Seqmnili viTareba, miawoda

41

saTanado cnobebi da ruseTis saxelmwifosgan imereTis mfarveloba iTxova [172,

3-5]. SeiZleba iTqvas, maqsimes elCobam garkveuli Sedegi mainc gamoiRo: general

totlebenis meTaurobiT qarTlidan imereTSi gadmosul ruseTis jaris dax-

marebiT, solomon I-ma, romelsac amasobaSi qalaqi quTaisi osmalebisagan ukve

gaeTavisuflebina, 1770 wlis 6 agvistosTvis Turqi mecixovneni gandevna qu-

Taisis cixidanac [142, 235-236. 143, 655].

maqsime mitropoliti ruseTidan 1769 wels dabrunda [171, 18-26. 122, 137-139]

da seqtemberSi igi imereTSi iyo. quTaisis ganTavisuflebis Semdeg maqsime sa-

episkoposos kuTvnili da osmalTagan mitacebuli glexebis moZiebiT iyo da-

kavebuli: `me quTaTel mitropolitman maqsime quTaisis aRebaze gamoviyene abu-

laZe saba Tavis colSviliT da pirveladca Cveni eklesiis yofiliyo da axlac

Cveni eklesiis adgilze davasaxle~ [42, 341-342].

quTaTeli mitropoliti maqsime moxseniebulia 1761, 1762, 1764, 1765, 1773, 1775

wlebis sabuTebSi [42, 843-487. 18, 21-47]. 1772 wels imereTs germaneli mecnieri i.

giuldenStedti ewvia, romelmac martis TveSi solomon I-is samefo banakSi naxa

mitropoliti maqsime da misi Zma, saxlTxucesi daviT abaSiZe. giuldenStedtis

daxasiaTebiT `orive Zmebi iyvnen 40 welze naklebi xnisa, Wkvianebi da saRad

moazrovne adamianebi~ [12, 127-129].

maqsime quTaTeli Semdgom kidev ufro dawinaurda saeklesio ierarqiaSi.

1776 wlis 13 maiss dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iosebi gardaicvala da

imave wlis 12 ivniss quTaTeli mitropoliti maqsime kaTalikosad quTaisis ek-

lesiaSi akurTxes. mis kurTxevas daeswro kaTolike mRvdeli iovane xojaSvili

[22, 151. 32, 273].

aqedan moyolebuli, maqsime abaSiZe erTdroulad iyo dasavleT saqarT-

velos kaTalikosi da quTaisis mitropoliti.

1776, 1777, 1778, 1780 wlebSi gacemul sabuTebSi maqsime moxseniebulia,

rogorc `kaTalikoz-quTaTeli~ [18, 51-73].

1781 wlis 7 Tebervals solomon I-is Sewirulobis wignSi gelaTis

monastrisadmi, kaTalikosi maqsime sigelis mtkicebulebiT nawilSi ixsenieba

[18, 73-74], xolo imave wlis agvistoTi daTariRebul dokumentSi quTaTel mi-

tropolitad ukve dosiTeos wereTelia dasaxelebuli [18, 73-74]. 1781 wlisTvis

maqsime abaSiZesa da solomon I-s Soris urTierToba Zalze daiZaba.

dapirispireba Tavidan ufliswul aleqsandres ukanono qorwinebam gamoiwvia,

risTvisac es ukanaskneli eklesiidan gankveTes. 1781 wels aleqsandre batoniS-

vili gardaicvala. maqsime kaTalikos-quTaTelma solomon mefes eklesiidan

gankveTili ufliswulis cxedris gelaTis mTavar taZarSi saTanado saeklesio

wesis agebiT dakrZalvaze uari uTxra [191, 63. 149, 188]. amis Semdeg mefesa da

kaTalikoss Soris konfliqti kidev ufro gaRrmavda da 1781 wlis Tebervlis

bolos maqsime abaSiZe iZulebuli gaxda qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi gadasuliyo.

devnilobaSi maqsimem dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosoba SeinarCuna, magram

quTaTel mitropolitad mis magivrad dosiTeos wereTeli dainiSna.

maqsime kaTalikosi imereTSi solomon I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1784

wels, daviT II giorgis Zis mefobisas dabrunda. male igi ruseTSi elCad meo-

rejer gagzavnes, saidanac aRar dabrunebula. maqsime abaSiZe, romelic

sicocxlis bolomde dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosis tituls atarebda,

gardaicvala kievSi 1795 wlis 30 maiss da kievis mRvimis (`peCoris~) monasterSia

dakrZaluli [189, 137-138. 122, 138. 190, 152-153].

p. cxviloelma maqsimes quTaTeloba 1753-1775 wlebiT daaTariRa [157, 10-11].

magram, rogorc zemoT mimovixileT, maqsime abaSiZe 1750-1759 wlebSi ixsenieboda,

42

rogorc `quTaTelad wodebuli~, xolo 1759 wlis 4 dekembridan 1776 wlis 12

ivnisamde quTaTeli mitropoliti iyo. 1776 wlidan 1781 wlis I naxevramde igi

erTdroulad kaTalikosobas da quTaTelobas flobda. 1781 wlis 4 agvistosaT-

vis maqsimes quTaisis mitropolitis saxelo ukve aRar ekava da mxolod dasav-

leT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iyo.

rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, maqsime abaSiZis Semdeg quTaisis samitropolitos

dosiTeos mitropoliti ganagebda. dosiTeosi (eriskacobaSi daTua) wereTelTa

saTavados gverdiTi Stos warmomadgenlis, nikoloz wereTlis meoTxe vaJi iyo

[150, 139]. nikolozi solomon I-s Tarjimnad emsaxureboda [12, 123] da mis

`samsaxurze TavdadebiT~ gamoirCeoda, risTvisac meabjreTuxucesoba miiRo [21,

127]. albaT nikolozis mefesTan siaxlovem ganapiroba dosiTeosis quTaTel mi-

tropolitad kurTxeva, radgan 1778 wels solomon I-is winaaRmdeg daviT

abaSiZis meTaurobiT mowyobil ajanyebaSi dosiTeosma ZmebTan erTad

monawileoba miiRo da amis gamo erTxans Tavis mamulidan gaZevebulic iyo [84,

132].

quTaTel mitropolitad dosiTeosi pirvelad 1781 wlis 4 agvistoTi da-

TariRebul nasyidobis wignSia moxseniebuli, romelic mas sosia avalianma mi-

arTva [18, 74]. es maRali saeklesio Tanamdeboba dosiTeosma 1781 wlis Teberv-

lis Semdeg miiRo.

quTaisis mitropolitobis miRebisTanave dosiTeosi didi mondomebiT

Seudga misdami mindobil eparqiaze zrunvas. amas mowmobs 1781 wlidan misi moR-

vaweobis bolomde Cvenamde moRweuli mravalricxovani Sewirulobebis, nasyido-

bis Tu sameurneo xasiaTis ganCinebis amsaxveli sabuTebi [18, 73, 85, 103, 109, 140,

143, 147, 153. 42, 342-343, 946, 996, 1029, 1033, 1091, 1124, 1125, 43, 445, 446, 673. 44, 377, 456].

1784 wels imereTis axali mefis, daviT giorgis Zis (1784-1790 ww.) davalebiT

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosi maqsime ruseTSi elCobaSi gaemgzavra da

sicocxlis bolomde iq darCa. safiqrebelia, rom maqsimes ruseTSi yofnis dros

sakaTalikoso saqmeebs dosiTeos quTaTeli ganagebda [114, 105. 122, 138]. 1792 wels

maqsime abaSiZem astraxanidan sapasuxo werili gamougzavna imereTis sam-

Rvdeloebas da SemouTvala, rom igi ver Camodioda imereTSi da SeeZloT axali

kaTalikosi aerCiaT. rogorc am werilSia naTqvami, imereTis samRvdeloebas

SeuTvlia maqsimesTvis, Tu Camodixar gvacnobe, Tu arada, Cven axali

kaTalikosi unda davniSnoTo [172, 138, 19, 23].

yovel SemTxvevaSi, 1795 wlis mere dosiTeosi meurveobda sakaTalikosos.

Cvenamde moRweuli ori sabuTis mixedviT, is TiTqos kaTalikosic unda yo-

filiyo. kerZod, 1797 wlis 23 apriliT daTariRebul werilSi erekle II-is (1744-

1798 ww.) meuRle, darejan dedofali dosiTeoss kaTalikosobis miRebas ulo-

cavda: `... mesma xma ese, romelica adridanve sawadel Cemda iyo, yovlad sam-

Rvdeloebisa Tqvenisa aRsvla xarisxsa zeda uwmindesobisa~ [37, 251]. imereTis

mefe solomon II-is (1789-1810 ww.) mier 1798 wels gacemul Sewirulobis wignSi

naTqvamia, rom `am Jamad arca kaTalikosi imyofeboda... da amis Semdeg quTaTel

mitropolits dosiTeoss kaTalikosoba uboZeT~ [18, 114].

mefis mier kaTalikosad daniSnul dosiTeos quTaTels saeklesio krebis

mier damtkiceba esaWiroeboda. movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom imereTis samefos

gauqmebamde afxazeTis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba ar gamar-

Tula. amis mizezi savaraudod SeiZleba isic iyos, rom solomon II-s da imere-

Tis umaRles saeklesio wreebs ierarqiulad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqisadmi damorCileba da saqarTvelos eklesiis gaerTianeba surdaT.

saeklesio krebis gaumarTaobis gamo, miuxedavad faqtobrivi mdgomareobisa,

43

dosiTeos quTaTels kaTalikosis tituli ar miuRia. igi sakuTar Tavs arcerT

dokumentSi kaTalikosad an kaTalikos-quTaTelad ar moixseniebs. dosiTeosi

1804, 1809, 1810, 1813 wlebSi mis mierve gacemul sabuTebSi moxseniebulia, rogorc

quTaTeli mitropoliti da `gamge kaTalikosi~, `gamgebeli sakaTalikoso ma-

mulTa~, an `sakaTalikosos gamge~ [18, 145, 165, 166. 42, 1105, 1119].

vfiqrobT, rom swored sakaTalikosos marTva-gamgeoba daukanona mas ofi-

cialurad solomon II-m 1795-1797 wlebSi.

dosiTeosi did yuradRebas aqcevda sakaTalikosos saqmeebs, rasac ramden-

ime sameurneo xasiaTis Tu ganCinebis amsaxveli dokumenti mowmobs, sadac is

mtkiced icavda sakaTalikoso mamulebis Seuvalobas [18, 145. 42, 329]. amave dros

igi biWvintis sakaTalikosos TviTonac swiravda yma-mamuls [18, 166. 42, 1105. 51,

448].

1810 wels ruseTis imperiam imereTis samefo daipyro. 1814 wels ruseTis

eklesiis sinodma dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso gaauqma da igi Tavis

mier daniSnul egzarqoss dauqvemdebara, romelic oficialurad saqarTvelo-

imereTis egzarqosad iwodeboda [194, 69]. amis Semdeg dosiTeosi sakaTalikoso

saqmeebis marTva-gamgeobas CamoaSores. man mxolod quTaTel mitropolitoba

SeinarCuna.

1819 wels ruseTis koloniurma xelisuflebam dasavleT saqarTveloSi ax-

ali saeklesio politikis gatareba daiwyo, romelsac egzarqosi Teofilaqte

rusanovi axorcielebda. saeklesio reforma miznad isaxavda: mitropolitTa

daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli eklesiebis, yma-mamulis, qonebis da Semosavlebis,

samrevlo eklesiebis da sasuliero pirTa, monastrebis Semosavlebis da iq

myof ber-monazonTa, im saeklesio aznaurTa da glexTa, romlebic episkoposebs

ar ekuTvnodnen, dawvrilebiT aRweras; aseve naturaluri gadasaxadebis fu-

ladiT Secvlas; eklesiis ukeT marTvis mizniT eparqiaTa Semcirebas da gadas-

axadebis gadidebas [170, 547].

saeklesio reformis gatareba egzarqosma Teofilaqtem quTaisis sa-

episkoposodan daiwyo, radgan igi quTaTel mitropolits Tavidanve

daupirispirda [185, 506]. am reformam imereTSi mosaxleobis yvela fenis in-

teresi Selaxa da ajanyebamac ar daayovna. ajanyebis erT-erT ZiriTad moTaved

ruseTis xelisuflebam dosiTeos quTaTeli miiCnia, romelsac mravali bral-

deba wauyenes, maT Soris, saeklesio SemosavlebiT TiTqosda ukanonod sarge-

bloba [197, 141].

egzarqosma Teofilaqtem mTavrobas ise gaacno saqme, rom dosiTeos qu-

TaTeli da efTvime genaTeli iyvnen imereTSi saprtotesto gamosvlebis mTavari

moTaveebi da mxolod maTi gasaxlebis Semdeg iqneboda imereTSi mSvidobis

damyareba SesaZlebeli da Sesabamisad, _ saeklesio reformis ganxorcielebac

[170, 539, 542].

Tavis mxriv, dosiTeos mitropolitma, efTvime genaTelTan erTad, konstan-

tinepolis patriarqs gaugzavna werili, sadac moTxrobili iyo, Tu ra

ubedurebas ganicdida dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia ruseTis xelisuf-

lebisagan. orive mitropoliti sTxovda patriarqs, rom maTi samwyso Tavis

daqvemdebarebaSi mieRo [170, 562].

1819 wlis ivlisSi quTaTeli mitropoliti giorgi avaliSvilma inaxula.

dosiTeosma mas egzarqosis usamarTlobaze SesCivla. g. avaliSvilis daxasiaTe-

biT quTaTeli mitropoliti iyo: `gonieri, SuÀniermoubari, mdablad mqceveli,

uxvi, stumarTmoyvare, didSemZlebeli da Tanaswor gamocdili viTarca

saRmrToTa doRmatTa, esreTuÀ aqaurTa samÃedroTa da samoqalaqoTaca saqmeTa

44

Sina~. dosiTeosi quTaisSi yofnisas RvTismSoblis TiTqmis daqceul taZarTan

midgmul mcire samwirveloSi cxovrobda [2, 16-21], xolo meore samyofeli

sofel maRlakSi hqonda [170, 569, 582].

1820 wlis 4 marts ruseTis xelisuflebam imereTis ajanyebis moTaveebi,

maT Soris dosiTeos quTaTeli, quTaisSi motyuebiT Seipyro. dakavebis dros

dosiTeosma rusebs didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia, magram Semdeg goneba dakarga

[185, 510-511], rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom mitropoliti saldaTebma scemes. 5

marts gadasaxlebaSi gagzavnili sastikad nacemi datyvevebuli dosiTeos qu-

TaTeli suramsa da gors Soris gzaze gardaicvala [170, 584]. gardacvlili mi-

tropolitis cxedari saTanado pativis gareSe ananuris eklesiaSi dakrZales

[15, 206-207. 170, 586].

1821 wlis 19 noembris gadawyvetilebiT ruseTis eklesiis sinodma quTaisis,

gelaTis da xonis samTavarepiskoposoebi gaauqma da maT magivrad imereTis

eparqia daaarsa [194, 71], romlis kaTedrali quTaisis RvTismSoblis (`uspenskis~

_ miZinebis) eklesia gaxda. sinodis am gankargulebiT quTaisis uZvelesma sa-

episkoposo kaTedram arseboba Sewyvita.

axladSeqmnili imereTis saepiskoposos mitropolitad dainiSna nikorwmin-

deli arqiepiskoposi sofroni, romelic 1843 wlamde ganagebda aRniSnul

eparqias. mis Semdeg mitropoliti daviT wereTeli gaxda, romelic 1853 wels

gardaicvala. imereTis eparqiis momdevno mitropoliti 1856 wlis 4 aprilamde

efemia wulukiZe iyo. Semdeg mitropolitad germane gogolaSvili dainiSna, ro-

melic 1860 wlis 2 ivliss cnobilma qarTvelma saeklesio moRvawem, mTavare-

piskoposma gabriel qiqoZem Secvala [194, 68-86]..

Cvenamde moRweulia dosiTeos quTaTelis beWedi warweriT `quTaTeli do-

siTeos~ da sawinamZRvro jvari quTaisis sakaTedro taZridan, romelic dRes

quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi inaxeba. jvarze dosi-

Teos quTaTelis mxedruli warweraa, romelsac TariRad 1792 weli uzis [66, 114.

13, 104-105].

quTaTel mTavarepiskopos-mitropolitTa

qronologiuri rigi

(XI s.-XIX saukunis dasawyisi)

1. anton I _ XI saukunis dasawyisi.

2. samoeli _ XI saukunis II meoTxedi.

3. Teodore _ XI saukunis Sua xana.

4. ilarioni _ XI saukunis II naxevari.

5. nikolozi _ XII saukunis I naxevari.

6. arseni _ XII saukunis Sua xana.

7. abulasani _ XII saukunis 70-iani wlebi.

8. pavle _ XII saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisi.

9. anton II (saRirisZe) _ daaxloebiT 1184 wlidan 1191 wlamde (an XII sau-

kunis miwurulamde).

45

10. qristefore _ savaraudod XII-XIII saukuneTa mijna.

11. iovane _ XIII-XIV saukuneTa mijna.

12. miqaeli _ XIV saukunis I naxevari.

13. oqropiri _ XIV saukunis Sua xana.

14. maxarobeli _ XIV saukunis II naxevari.

15. manueli – XV saukunis Sua xanidan 1488 wlamde.

16. barTlome _ 1488 wlidan daaxloebiT 1500 wlamde. daaxloebiT 1488-1519

wlebs Soris barTlome imavdroulad dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikosi iyo.

17. gerasime igive germanoz (CxetiZe) _ daaxloebiT 1501 wlidan 1529 wlis 10

ianvramde.

18. svimon I (CxetiZe) _ 1529 wlidan XVI saukunis 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT,

19. basili (CxetiZe) _ XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnidan XVII saukunis 20-ian

wlebamde.

20. Teofile (gurieli) _ savaraudod XVII saukunis 20-iani wlebidan XVII

saukunis Sua xanamde.

21. svimon II (CxetiZe) _ XVII saukunis Sua xanidan 1666 wlis 11 oqtombramde,

svimoni 1660-1666 wlebSi imavdroulad dasavleT saqarTvelos

kaTalikosi iyo da kaTalikos-quTaTelad iwodeboda.

22. svimon III (CxetiZe) _ 1666 wlidan XVIII saukunis dasawyisamde.

23. evdemoni _ XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan XVIII saukunis 30-ian wlebamde.

24. timoTe (gabaSvili) _ XVIII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan 1747 wlis

bolomde.

25. anton III (Teimuraz bagrationi, SemdgomSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqi anton I) _ 1740-1743 wlis 5 ianvari.

26. maqsime (abaSiZe) _ 1750-1759 wlebSi `quTaTelad wodebuli~. 1759 wlis 4

dekembridan 1781 wlamde quTaTeli mitropoliti. maqsime dasavleT

saqarTvelos kaTalikosi iyo 1776-1795 wlebSi.

27. dosiTeosi (wereTeli) _ 1781-1820 wlis 8 marti. dosiTeosi dasavleT

saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos gamgebeli iyo 1795-1814 wlebSi.

Tavi IV.

quTaTel mTavarepiskopos-mitropolitebis

politikur-diplomatiuri moRvaweoba

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi saeklesio cxovrebis garda, garkveulwilad

qveynis saSinao-politikur cxovrebaSic monawileobdnen. XVIII saukunidan ki

quTaTeli mitropolitebi imereTis samefos interesebis dasacavad diploma-

tiur asparezzec gamoCndnen. yvela quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis politikuri Tu

diplomatiuri moRvaweobis Sesaxeb cnobebi ar mogvepoveba. albaT bevri maTgani

amgvari saqmianobiT arc iqneboda dakavebuli. mxolod calkeuli mTa-

46

varepiskoposebi, romlebic TavianTi damsaxurebiT da gavleniT gamoirCeodnen,

aqtiurad monawileobdnen qveynis saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebaSi.

CvenTvis cnobil pirvel aseT quTaTel mTavarepiskoposs XII saukuneSi

moRvawe anton saRirisZe warmoadgens, romelmac Tamars mefed kurTxevisas

Tavze gvirgvini daadga [20, 26-27] da mematianis sityviT iyo: `…didad ganTqmuli

saTnoebaTa Sina da Zlieri saqmiTa da sityÂT~ [54, 118]. swored amitom, 1190-1191

wlebSi Tamaris samefo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg giorgi rusisa da didebulTa

erTi nawilis ajanyebis dros [131, 136], mefe meamboxeebis mSvidobiani gziT Semo-

sarigeblad maTTan dasavleT saqarTveloSi agzavnis `...Teodore patriarqsa da

antoni quTaTelsa, romel-igi oden darCa mas Jamsa erTgulad lixT-imeriT,

sisxlTa daTxevamdis, da sxuaTa episkoposTa gzavnidis, odesme Sinaursa ejibsa

da mestumresa, da maTgan veras piris mpovneli~ [20, 50]. miuxedavad didi av-

toritetisa, anton quTaTelma ajanyebulebis dawynareba ver moaxerxa. v. si-

logavas mosazrebiT, samefo saxlis erTguli anton saRirisZe am misiis

ganxorcielebas kidevac Seewira [144, 89]. T. jojuam amis sapirispirod, war-

moudgenlad miiCnia, rom maTTan mosalaparakeblad gagzavnili anton II

saRiriZe ajanyebulebs moeklaT. mkvlevris azriT, mematianis fraza _ `sisxlis

daTxevamdis~ _ mokvlis garda daWrasac SeiZleba gulisxmobdes da amasTanave

arc isaa gamoricxuli, es sityvebi gadataniTi mniSvnelobiTac yofiliyo gamo-

yenebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, igi askvnis, rom anton quTaTeli 1191 wels ar

daRupula da momdevno wlebSic moRvaweobda [168ა, 229]. momdevno quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi, romlis politikur saqmianobaze

cnobebia SemorCenili, aris mitropoliti svimon II CxeiZe, romelic quTaisis

saepiskoposos saTaveSi 1651 wlidan Cans [4, 175]. xolo 1660 wlidan igi dasav-

leT saqarTvelos kaTalikosic gaxda da `kaTalikos-quTaTelad~ iwodeboda [42,

223]. misi Zma iyo imereTis mefe aleqsandre III-is (1639-1660 ww.) saxlTxucesi sex-

nia CxeiZe [50, 477], romelic momdevno mefis, bagrat IV aleqsandres Zis (1160-1681

ww.) dros imereTis samefos uZlieresi Tavadi gaxda [149, 43]. 1663 wels svimon

kaTalikos-quTaTelma da sexnia CxeiZem qarTlSi vaxtang V-Tan sapatio tyveo-

baSi myofi imereTis usinaTlo mefe bagrat IV `didi cdiT~ da mondomebiT

imereTSi daabrunes da kvlav samefo taxtze dasves [6, 837. 179, 82]. momdevno

wels svimonma ucnauri gadawyvetileba miuRia. rogorc antioqiis patriarqi

makari gadmogvcems, 1664 wels imereTSi misi mosvlisas, bagrat IV-sa da same-

grelos mTavar levan III-s Soris omi axali damTavrebuli iyo. imereTis

mefesTan im dros kaTalikos-quTaTeli imyofeboda, romlis rCeviT bagratma

datyvevebul mTavars silamaziT ganTqmuli coli Tamari waarTva da TviTon

SeirTo, samagierod ki levan III-s Tavisi da miaTxova. patriarqma makarma am

qorwinebaTa moTave svimon kaTalikos-quTaTeli amis gamo gakicxa da axsna-

ganmarteba mosTxova. Mas ki pasuxad miugia, rom am damoyvrebiT or modave

mxares Soris mSvidobisa da siyvarulis aRdgenas imedovnebda. bolos antioqiis

patriarqTan svimons Tavisi namoqmedari mounaniebia [173, 56-57. 23, 118-120]. am am-

bavs nawilobriv cnobili frangi mogzauri da komersanti Jan Sardenic gvaw-

vdis, romelic 1672-1673 wlebSi imyofeboda saqarTveloSi [30, 243, 285].

svimon CxeiZis es gadawyvetileba SemdgomSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mefe-

mTavrebs Soris mravalwliani Sinaomebis sababi gamxdara.

imereTis samefos Sidapolitikur movlenebSi aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli sax-

lTxucesi sexnia CxeiZis Ze, svimon III quTaTeli, romelic quTaisis saepiskopo-

sos saTaveSi 1666 wels, Tavisi biZis, kaTalikos-quTaTel svimonis gar-

47

dacvalebis Semdgom Caudga [149, 42]. am svimon quTaTels vaxuSti batoniSvili

Zalian uaryofiTad axasiaTebs da mas mraval ukanono qmedebas miawers. 1688

wels imereTis mefe aleqsandre IV-s (1683-1695 ww.) taxts arCil vaxtang V-is Ze

ecileboda, romelsac zurgs raWis erisTavi papuna da giorgi liparteliani

umagrebdnen, xolo aleqsandre IV-is mxares svimon quTaTeli da giorgi abaSiZe

idgnen. es dapirispireba am ukanasknelTa gamarjvebiT dasrulda da imereTis

mefem taxti SeinarCuna [6, 851]. magram 1690 wlisTvis svimon quTaTeli arCilis

mxareze gadavida [108, 105-106] da imave wlis 20 dekembers aleqsandre IV-is wi-

naaRmdeg godoganis brZolaSi miiRo monawileoba, romelic ukve arCilis da

misi momxreeebis gamarjvebiT dasrulda [179, 134]. XVII-XVIII saukuneTa mijnaze

am svimon quTaTels dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosma grigolma imereT-

odiSis TavadebTan erTad osmalebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da piris miucemlo-

bis Sesaxeb fici CamoarTva [35, 43-45].

XVIII saukunidan imereTis mefeebis davalebiT quTaTeli mitropolitebi

diplomatiur moRvaweobasac Seudgnen da ruseTis saimperatoro karisagan os-

maleTis agresiis mosagerieblad daxmarebis miRebas cdilobdnen. imereTis

samefos interesebis dasacavad am sarbielze maT mondomeba da cda ar dauk-

liaT.

ruseTSi elCad gagzavnili pirveli quTaTeli mitropoliti timoTe gabaS-

vili iyo, romelic am saepiskoposos XVIII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan ganagebda

[134, 079].

XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan dasavleT saqarTveloSi osmaleTis dapyro-

biTma politikam farTo masStabebi miiRo. 1723 wlisTvis osmalTa xelSi

saqarTvelos mTeli zRvispireTi aRmoCnda, xolo 1730 wels sulTanma dasavleT

saqarTveloSi axali laSqroba ganaxorciela. am laSqrobebiT osmalebma imere-

Tis samefos dedaqalaqi quTaisi da mniSvnelovani simagreebi: baRdaTis

(Txmeliscixe), cucxvaTis, Sorapnis cixeebi daikaves da iq garnizonebi Caayenes

[143, 462. 141, 20].

moaxloebuli safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad imereTis mefe aleqsandre V-

m (1720-1752 ww.) gadawyvita, rom ruseTis imperiisTvis samxedro daxmareba

eTxova. viTarebac xelsayreli iyo, radgan 1736 wels ruseT-osmaleTis omi

daiwyo. male omSi ruseTis mxareze avstriac CaerTo. 1737 wlis 16 agvistos

daiwyo ruseT-avstriasa da osmaleTs Soris molaparakebebi. es samSvidobo kon-

gresi imave wlis 11 noembramde gagrZelda. aseT viTarebaSi aleqsandre V-m

ruseTSi elCis gagzavna gadawyvita. igi imedovnebda, rom ruseT- osmaleTis

omis msvlelobis dros ruseTis mTavroba osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli

imereTiT dainteresdeboda. aleqsandre V Seecada Seqmnili saerTaSoriso vi-

Tareba Tavisi samefos sasargeblod gamoeyenebina, osmaleTis gavlenis sfero-

dan gamosuliyo da ruseTisTvis mfarveloba eTxova [140, 151-152].

am misiis ganxocieleba imereTis mefem quTaTel mitropolit timoTe gabaS-

vils daavala, romelic ganaTlebuli pirovneba iyo da ruseTis saimperatoro

karisTvis naTlad SeeZlo aexsna imereTis samefos samxedro-politikuri da

strategiuli mniSvneloba. timoTesTan erTad ruseTSi gamgzavreba SanSe qsnis

erisTavmac gadawyvita. romelic qarTlidan iranis mbrZanebelma nadir-Sahma

gaaZeva da Tavs imereTs afarebda. isic ruseTisagan iranis winaaRmdeg samxedro

daxmarebis miRebas lamobda [79, 170].

imereTidan timoTe gabaSvili da SanSe qsnis erisTavi 1737 wlis seqtembris

bolos gaemgzavrnen. quTaTel mitropolits Tan aleqsandre V-is ori werili,

imereTis samefos ruka da wminda nawilebi mihqonda. timoTes mxleblebad iRu-

48

meni, diakvani da 4 msaxuri axlda. ruseTis xelisufleba iranTan urTierTobis

gamwvavebas erideboda da amitom qsnis erisTavis ruseTidan gastumrebas Cqar-

obda. timoTe gabaSvils sagangebo zomebis miReba dasWirda, rom igi erisTavis

amalidan gamoeyoT. imereTis mefis elCi 1738 wlis martSi moskovSi Cavida,

xolo aprilSi peterburgSi Casvlis nebarTva miiRo. Tarjimnad mas vaxuSti ba-

toniSvilTan myofi daviT fanCuliZe dauniSnes. moskovSi ruseTis sagareo

saqmeTa uwyebis moxeleebma timoTe quTaTels aleqsandre V-is werilebis

CamorTmeva daupires, raTa winaswar gaegzavnaT peterburgSi imereTis elCis

miRebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, magram gabaSvilma werilebis micemaze maT kate-

goriuli uari ganucxada. mitropoliti ruseTis samefo karze oficialur

miRebas eswrafvoda da acxadebda, rom Camotanili werilebi da dasavleT

saqarTvelos ruka mas piradad imperator anasTvis unda gadaeca. igi diploma-

tiurad aRniSnavda, rom werilebis Sinaarsis gamJRavneba ar SeeZlo, vinaidan

orive werili dabeWdili iyo da gaxsnis ufleba ar hqonda. magram radganac

timoTes erT-erTi werilis asli gamoatanes, amitom misi Targmnis winadadebas

iZleoda. werilis Targmani daviT fanCuliZem Seasrula. amgvarad, imereTis

elCma, erTi mxriv, sagareo saqmeTa kolegias winaswar auwya, Tu raoden

saintereso iyo aleqsandre mefis mier wamoyenebuli winadadebebi, riTac xazi

gausva Tavisi diplomatiuri misiis mniSvnelobas, xolo meore mxriv _ TavisTan

werilebis dednebis datovebiT Seecada, ruseTis imperiis sagareo politikis

mesveurebTan uSualo Sexvedra uzrunveleyo [140, 152-154].

pirveli werili rwmunebis sigels warmoadgenda. masSi gandidebuli da

xotbaSesxmuli iyo qristianebis mfarveli ruseTis imperatori ana. boloSi ki

oficialuri rwmuneba iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom quTaisis mitropoliti timoTe

imereTis mefis, aleqsandre V-is oficialuri elCi iyo. meore werili, romlis

Targmanic timoTem sagareo saqmeTa kolegias winaswar warudgina, saqmiani xasi-

aTis informacias Seicavda. masSi aleqsandre V acxadebda, rom is, iseve

rogorc misi winaprebi, ruseTs erTgulebda da yvela Tavisi qveSevrdomiT mzad

iyo ruseTis imperatoris samsaxurisTvis. amis Semdeg mefe werilSi aRniSnavda:

imereTi didi xnidan TurqeTisagan did Seviwroebas ganicdida, Tumca igi os-

malebs xarks aRar uxdida da marTlmadideblobaze mtkiced idga. oficialu-

rad imereTi osmaleTis vasal qveyanad iTvleboda, magram maT aleqsandre V-is

iZuleba araferSi SeeZloT. adre igi ruseTisTvis daxmarebis TxovniT mimarT-

visagan Tavs imitom ikavebda, rom eSinoda, TurqebisTvis raime sababi ar mieca

Tavis samefos asaoxreblad da qristianobis mosaspobad; magram roca ruseTis

jaris mier Turqebze gamarjveba da azovis cixe-simagris aReba Seityo, ruseT-

Tan dakavSireba gadawyvita. amis Semdeg werilSi aRniSnuli iyo azovidan Savi

zRviT saqarTvelos navsadgurebSi mosvlis da Semdeg saxmeleTo gziT imereTSi

moxvedris SesaZleblobebi. xazgasmuli iyo am gzebis usafrTxoeba. garda amisa,

dawvrilebiT iyo mocemuli imereTis samefos samxedro-strategiuli mniSvnelo-

bis simagreebis aRwera; upirveles yovlisa, im 4 cixeze informacia, romlebic

osmalebs ekavaT da garnizonebi eyenaT. maT Sesaxeb saimperatoro kars ufro

dawvrilebiT timoTe quTaTeli moaxsenebda. imereTis mefe ruseTis mTavrobas

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac usaxavda perspeqtivas, rac ZiriTadad imereTSi

sxvadasxva madneulis mopovebas ukavSirdeboda. dasasrul, aleqsandre V imper-

ator anas imereTSi artileriiTa da samxedro aRWurvilobiT uzrunvelyofili

20-aTasiani jaris gamogzavnas sTxovda, rac savsebiT sakmarisi iqneboda os-

malTa dasamarcxeblad, ris Sedegadac yvela mezobeli qristiani xalxi os-

malebis winaaRmdeg aRsdgeboda. amis Semdeg imereTis mefe ruseTis imperiis

49

mfarvelobaSi Sevidoda. werilis bolos aleqsandre V xazs usvamda ruseTis

saimperatoro karze quTaTeli mitropolitis sruluflebian elCad gagzavnis

sakiTxs da yvela misi cnobis sarwmunod miRebas iTxovda. aRniSnavda agreTve,

rom elCi didxans ar daeyovnebinaT da imereTSi naTeli pasuxiT daebrunebinaT

[140, 154-156. 179, 225-226].

imereTis samefos samxedro-strategiuli mdgomareobis ukeT gasacnobad

imereTis mefem ruseTis xelisuflebas gaugzavna dasavleT saqarTvelos ruka.

rogorc e. metrevelma daadgina, es ruka TviTon timoTe gabaSvilis mier iyo

Sedgenili [134, 085-091]. am rukaze reliefurad gamoxatul mTebsa da mcenareul

safarTan erTad naCvenebia qalaqebi, cixe-simagreebi, navsadgurebi, sasaxleebi,

eklesia-monastrebi, soflebi. am rukaze, radgan mas samxedro mniSvneloba

gaaCnda, osmalTa mier dakavebul cixe-simagreebTan warwerebia gakeTebuli, Tu

sad ramdeni raodenobis mecixovne eyenaT maT da ra raodenobis iaraRi gaaCn-

daT. rukis avtori, rogorc Cans, im mizniT, rom imereTis sakiTxiT ruseTis

mTavrobis interesi gamoewvia, cdilobda, samdinaro gzebiT sargeblobis

SesaZlebloba eCvenebina. mizani, romliTac aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi rukis Sem-

dgeneli da misi SemkveTi xelmZRvanelobdnen, imereTis samxedro-ekonomikuri

mniSvnelobis Cveneba iyo, romelic ruseTs osmaleTis winaaRmdeg SeeZlo gamo-

eyenebina [86, 197-198. 140, 156-157. 196, 14-22].

1738 wlis 1 ivniss timoTe quTaTelma peterburgSi sagareo saqmeTa kole-

gias gaacno is sakiTxebi, romelTa moxseneba mas zepirad hqonda davalebuli.

man aRniSna, rom imereTSi osmaleTis garnizonebi 4 cixe-simagreSi iyo ganlage-

buli: quTaisSi 500 ieniCari da artileria, baRdaTis, Sorapnis da cucxvaTis

cixeebSi _ as-asi ieniCari da artileria. elCma ganacxada, rom imereTSi

ruseTis jaris Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi osmalTagan am cixe-simagreebis gan-

Tavisufleba did siZneles ar warmoadgenda. xolo ruseTis 20-aTasian jars am

simagreebis aRebis Semdeg uSualod anatoliaze Setevis dawyeba SeeZlo. Tavis

mxriv, imereTis mefes 22 aTasi jariskacis mogroveba SeeZlo, ori mTavari ki

or-or aTasian jars gamoiyvanda. timoTem iqve ganacxada: Tu ki imperatori ana

raime mizezis gamo ruseTis jaris gagzavnaze Tavs Seikavebda, mefe aleqsandre

mas TxovniT mimarTavda ruseT-TurqeTis momaval sazavo xelSekrulebaSi

imereTis samefoze mieTiTebina, rogorc ruseTis imperiis mfarvelobis qveS

myof qveyanaze. samagierod, aleqsandre V pirobas iZleoda, rom ruseTis imper-

ators `RvTismSoblis kvarTs~ miarTmevda. bolos mitropolitma sagareo

saqmeTa kolegias imereTis mefis Txovna gadasca misTvis materialuri daxmare-

bis gawevis Sesaxeb da xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom adre ruseTidan imereTis

mefeebs `mowyale xelfasi egzavnebodaT~ rac ukve didi xania ruseTis mTavro-

bas aRar gamougzavnia.

1738 wlis ivlisSi timoTe gabaSvili imperator anas winaSe warsdga. audi-

enciaze quTaTelma mitropolitma sityva qarTul enaze warmosTqva. sapasuxo

sityviT elCs kabinet-ministrma a. volinskim mimarTa. mere timoTem imperators

xelaxla mimarTa sityviT, xotba Seasxa mas da aleqsandre mefis werili

gadasca. audencia amiT damTavrda. amis Semdeg imereTis elCTan molaparakebas

sagareo saqmeTa kolegiis mrCeveli petre kurbatovi awarmoebda. male es mola-

parakeba mTeli rigi mizezebis gamo Segnebulad gaWianurda [179, 226. 140, 159].

nemirovis kongresze avstriis poziciam osmaleTis mTavroba ruseT-

avstriis kavSiris mosalodnel rRvevaSi daarwmuna. safrangeTis mxardaWeris

Semdeg osmalebma rusebis yvela moTxovna uaryves da 1737 wels kongresma

Tavisi muSaoba daasrula. 1738 wels ruseTis jarebma mixinisa da lasis

50

meTaurobiT marcxi ganicades. rusebma oCakovi da kinburni datoves. jarSi epi-

demiamac ifeTqa. am omSi osmaleTis mxareze frangi diplomatebic gamovidnen,

romlebic Svedebs aqezebdnen ruseTis winaaRmdeg. yovelive aman ruseTis mTav-

roba aiZula, samxreTSi TurqebTan daTmobaze wasuliyo [199, 383-387. 193, 431, 182,

70].

Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, imperator anas mTavrobam aleqsandre

mefis SeTavazebuli winadadeba imereTSi ruseTis 20-aTasiani jaris gagzavnis

da osmaleTisTvis axali frontis gaxsnis Taobaze mizanSewonilad ar miiCnia.

magram imereTis elCis uaryofiTi pasuxiT saswrafod ukan gabrunebac ar iyo

maTTvis sasurveli. ruseTis xelisufalT imereTis politikur moRvaweTa

keTilganwyobis dakargva ar undodaT, radgan momavalSi osmaleTis winaaRmdeg

maTTan urTierTobis SenarCunebaze fiqrobdnen. amitom drois mogebis mizniT

peterburgSi imereTis elCis Seyovneba gadawyda. Tavis mxriv, timoTe yovel

Rones xmarobda, ruseTis mTavrobisagan oficialuri pasuxi mieRo da ukan

xelcarieli ar dabrunebuliyo. 1738 wlis seqtemberSi p. kurbatovis saxlSi

quTaTelma mitropolitma ganacxada, rom Tuki ruseTis xelisufleba mizanSe-

wonilad ar miiCnevda imereTSi jaris gagzavnas, xolo Turqebi imereTis mefis

devna-Seviwroebas daiwyebdnen, igi uflebamosili iyo ganecxadebina aleqsandre

V-is survili ruseTSi mTeli ojaxiT gamgzavrebis uflebis miRebis Sesaxeb.

timoTe aseve iTxovda, ruseTis mTavrobas Tavis sasazRvro qalaqebSi spe-

cialuri miTiTeba gaegzavna, raTa ruseTSi mimavali imereTis elCebi gzaSi ar

SeeCerebinaT. dasasrul, quTaTeli mitropoliti ruseTis imperatoris ofi-

cialuri pasuxiT imereTSi dabrunebis Semdeg ruseTSi xelmeored Camosvlisa

da dasaxlebis survils gamoTqvamda [140, 161].

dro isev gaiwela da imereTis elCisTvis oficialuri pasuxi ar gauciaT.

timoTes am dros ruseTSi mcxovrebi qarTlis yofili mefis, vaxtang VI-is

memkvidreebTan urTierToba gaufuWda da molaparakebebis gaWianurebis mizezad

maT saqmianobas miiCnevda. 1738 wlis 21 oqtombers p. kurbatovis saxlSi timoTem

vaxtang VI-sa da mis memkvidreebze iCivla, TiTqos maT imereTis mefis mier im-

perator petre I-Tan gagzavnili Zvirfasi nivTebi mieTvisebinaT da maTi

dabruneba moiTxova. am gancxadebis mere sagareo saqmeTa kolegiam gamoZieba

daiwyo. sabolood gairkva, rom quTaTel mitropolits am saCuqrebze xeli ar

miuwvdeboda. yovelive aman sabolood daZaba urTierToba timoTe quTaTelsa da

vaxtang VI-is memkvidreebs Soris. Tarjimanma daviT faCuliZemac 1738 wlis noem-

berSi avadmyofobis sababiT elCis Tarjimnobidan ganTavisufleba da isev vax-

uSti batoniSvilTan dabruneba iTxova [140, 162].

1739 wlis 17 Tebervals gabaSvilma p. kurbatovs axali gancxadebiT mi-

marTa. is aRniSnavda imereTSi arsebul Sinafeodalur aSlilobis Taobaze da

ruseTSi darCenis nebarTvas iTxovda, xolo imereTSi imperator anas pasuxiT

Tavisi Tanmxlebi piris gagzavnas varaudobda. am survils igi imiT asabuTebda,

rom mis mowinaaRmdegeebs SeeZloT osmalebisTvis emcnobebinaT misi ruseTSi

elCobis ambavi da amiT aramarto is, aramed mTeli imereTis samefo dazaralde-

boda. elCi xedavda, rom ruseTis mTavroba garkveuli mizeziT oficialuri

pasuxisagan Tavs ikavebda, Sesabamisad saimperatoro kars imereTis mefisaTvis

saidumlo pasuxis gagzavnas sTxovda. es Txovna faqtiurad mimarTuli iyo

iqiTken, rom ruseTis mTavroba iZulebuli gamxdariyo, imereTis mimarT Tavisi

damokidebuleba gamoexata. 1739 wlis ivnisSi imperator anas mTavrobam imereTis

mefisTvis pasuxis gacema gadawyvita. 7 ivniss gankarguleba gasces, elCisTvis

saCuqrebi moemzadebinaT, sul 1500 maneTis Rirebulebis. timoTes quTaisis ek-

51

lesiisTvis ramdenime saeklesio nivTi gadasces. 11 ivliss timoTes donis

monasterSi dasaxlebis nebac darTes. magram ukve TviTon mas aRar surda

ruseTSi darCena, radgan ruseTis saimperatoro kari imereTis mefisTvis sa-

pasuxo werilis gagzavnas apirebda. timoTem 1739 wlis 24 ivliss amis Sesaxeb

sagareo saqmeTa kolegias weriliT Seatyobina [140, 162-163].

1739 wlis 17 seqtembers timoTe quTaTelma saWirod CaTvala, imperator

anas mTavrobisTvis oficialurad kvlav Seexsenebina imereTis mefis gegmebis

Sesaxeb da xazi gaesva misi racionalurobisTvis. igi vice-kancler a. ostermans

swerda, rom imereTis mefisTvis romelic Turqebs ebrZvis, mis dasaxmareblad

ruseTis mTavrobas jaris gagzavna dasavleT saqarTveloSi azovidan SeeZlo.

ruseTi aleqsandre V-is jarTan erTad advilad daikavebda mosazRvre qalaqebs,

radgan iq Turqebis mcirericxovani garnizonebi idga. osmalebis winaaRmdeg

yovelmxrivi da masobrivi laSqroba mters did marcxs agemebda, yirimSi feld-

marSal fon minixis samxedro moqmedebebTan erTad. igive teqsti timoTem os-

termans 24 seqtembers meorejerac gaugzavna, magram ruseTis mTavroba da

samxedro xelmZRvaneloba am etapze imereTis osmalTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

CarTvaze garkveuli samxedro-strategiuli mosazrebebis gamo Tavs ikavebda,

radgan 1735-1739 wlebis ruseTis samxedro kampaniam, romelsac minixi awar-

moebda, mniSvnelovani marcxi ganicada [140, 164-166].

ase, rom 1738-1739 wlebSi imereTis elCis mier ruseTTan samxedro-

politikuri kavSiris dadebis cda Tavidanve ganwiruli iyo. miT umetes, rom

1739 wlis 18 seqtembers belgradSi ruseT-TurqeTs Soris dazavebis xelSek-

rulebas moewera xeli [198, 61].

quTaTel mitropolits kargad esmoda, rom ruseTis mTavroba imereTSi

jaris gagzavnas ar apirebda, magram omis traqtatiT dasrulebas moeloda. igi

Seecada, imereTis samefos interesebi ruseTisa da osmaleTis saxelmwifoTa

Soris warmoSobil problemebisTvis daekavSirebina. timoTe cdilobda, zavis

dadebis dros imereTis samefos dasacavad ruseTs mzadyofna gamoeTqva, xolo

osmaleTs eRiarebina gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis dros imereTis saqmeeSi

ruseTis Carevis ufleba. garda amisa, timoTes am elCobas ruseT-imereTs Soris

diplomatiuri urTierTobis gamyarebazec unda moexdina gavlena.

30 oqtombers imperator anasTan audienciaze yofnis dros timoTe qu-

TaTels zogadad ganucxades, rom imereTis samefo ruseTis imperiis mfarvelo-

baSi iqneboda. konkretuli winadadebebi ki ar SeuTavazebiT. mas arc impera-

toris mier 6 oqtombers ratificirebuli belgradis zavis Sesaxeb Seatyobines

rame. mxolod noembris dasawyisSi gaigo imereTis mefis elCma belgradis mo-

laparakebebis ambebi, Tanac ara rogorc ukve dasrulebuli ambis Sesaxeb, ara-

med ise, TiTqos molaparakeba jer kidev mimdinareobda. amitomac 1739 wlis 8

noembers timoTem kidev erTxel mimarTa weriliT ostermans da Seaxsena

ruseTis mTavrobis dapireba imereTis samefos Tavis mfarvelobaSi miRebis Tao-

baze. is imeds gamoTqvamda, rom ruseT-TurqeTis sazavo xelSekrulebaSi imere-

Tis samefos sakiTxi dafiqsirebuli iqneboda [140, 169].

magram, rasakvirvelia, timoTe gabaSvilis mcdelobam uSedegod Caiara,

radgan belgradSi dadebuli sazavo xelSekrulebis teqsti sakiTxis amgvarad

dayenebas gamoricxavda.

1740 wlis TebervalSi timoTem isev mimarTa ostermans TxovniT, Seetyo-

binebinaT misTvis imereTis sakiTxze ruseTis mTavrobis gadawyvetileba da ac-

nobebda, rom Turqebi ruseTSi misi xangrZlivi elCobis ambavs Seityobdnen da

is dausjeli ar darCeboda, amitom imereTSi saidumlod gaSvebas iTxovda. 1740

52

wlis 10 marts ruseTis imperatorma anam imereTis mefis elCs oficialuri

pasuxi gasca. imperatoris sigelSi naTqvami iyo, rom ruseTis imperatorma

imereTis mefis aleqsandre V-is 1737 wlis 27 seqtembriT daTariRebuli sigeli

da elCis mier Camotanili wmindanTa nawilebi didi madlobis grZnobiT miiRo.

xolo Txovnas mfarvelobaSi miRebis Taobaze, Tumca keTilganwyobiT uyurebda,

magram, vinaidan TurqeTTan zavi ukve dadebuli iyo, amitom imereTis elCs

mxolod am cnobiT istumrebda. aleqsandre mefes ugzavnidnen saCuqrad bew-

veuls da oqroqsovil farCas. 1740 wlis 18 marts timoTe gabaSvili vice-

kanclerma ostermanma miiRo da imperatoris sapasuxo sigeli gadasca [140, 172].

ostermanma timoTe quTaTelTan ganacxada, rom imperatori aleqsandre me-

fis mimarT keTilganwyobili iyo da imereTSi jaris gagzavnasac apirebda,

Tumca amas belgradis zavma SeuSala xeli. timoTem vice-kanclers didi mad-

loba gadauxada da sapasuxod miugo, rom mas esmoda, ruseTisaTvis Seqmnili

mdgomareoba da imereTSi jaris gagzavnas aRarc varaudobda.

amgvarad 1737-1740 wlebis timoTe gabaSvilis elCoba ruseTSi imereTis

samefosTvis uSedego aRmoCnda. wina elCobisagan gansxvavebiT, timoTem peter-

burgSi Casvla da imperatorTan audiencia moaxerxa, Tan oficialuri pasuxic

miiRo. am elCobas ufro momavali diplomatiuri urTierTobisTvis hqonda

mniSvneloba, rogorc moralur faqtors, radgan ruseTis xelisufleba imere-

Tis samefosTvis daxmarebis gawevis survils samermisod acxadebda. sxva mxriv,

timoTe quTaTelis elCobas erTi saSiSroebac axlda Tan, radgan Tu sulTnis

kari imereTis mefis ruseTTan dakavSirebis Sesaxeb Seityobda, imereT-

osmaleTis urTierToba kidev ufro gamwvavdeboda da Turqebs axali samxedro

agresiis ganxorcieleba SeeZloT [170, 174].

timoTem ukan gamgzavrebisas ruseTis mTavrobas sagangebo dacva mosTxova,

radgan imperatoris sigeli mihqonda. peterburgidan moskovSi gabaSvili 1740

wlis 31 marts Cavida.

aq man sergi-samebis da savin-storoJevskis monastrebis molocva iTxova,

razedac Tanxmoba miiRo [140, 175]. jer kidev peterburgSi timoTe quTaTelma an-

dria pirvelwodebulis eklesiaSi diakvani dorofeevi mRvdlad akurTxa [134,

97], moskovSi ki miZinebis taZarSi monawileoba miiRo somexi arqiepiskoposi mi-

nasis marTlmadideblurad moqcevis ceremonialSi [130, 638].

moskovidan timoTe yizlarSi Cavida. yizlarSi man Tavisi avladideba da-

tova da mxleblebiTurT ise ganagrZo gza. gzaSi timoTe Tanmxleb pirebTan

erTad Cerqezebs Cauvarda tyved. 6 Tvis tyveobis Semdeg igi gaipara da 3 dRis

mgzavrobis Semdeg rusebis kontrolirebad teritoriamde mivida. imereTSi qu-

TaTeli mitropoliti daaxloebiT 1742 wlis miwurulisTvis dabrunda [134,

0107].

timoTe gabaSvilisagan gansxvavebiT, momdevno quTaTeli mitropolitis,

maqsime abaSiZis ruseTSi elCoba gacilebiT ufro Sedegiani aRmoCnda. igi sa-

episkoposos 1747 wlis Semdgom, timoTes mere ganagebda, magram, radgan osmalTa

moZalebis gamo eparqia faqtiurad moSlili iyo, mas `quTaTel wodebulad~

moixseniebdnen [18, 1, 4-5]. mxolod 1759 wlis 4 dekembers, solomon I-is mier mow-

veul saeklesio krebaze daamtkices maqsime quTaTel mitropolitad [105, 3-6].

imereTis samefos 1760-1766 wlebSi Turq-osmalebi gamudmebiT utevdnen. mefe

solomon I (1752-1784 ww.) gmirulad igeriebda maT Semotevebs da ramdenjerme

(1760, 1761, 1763, 1764 da 1765 wlebSi) sastikad damarcxda isini. 1766 wels os-

malebma sverisa da quTaisis cixis aReba moaxerxes. axalcixis faSam imereTis

mefed solomon I-is biZaSvili Teimuraz bagrationi gamoacxada. osmalebma imer-

53

eTSi garnizonebi gaaZlieres. amasobaSi solomon I modinaxes cixes afarebda

Tavs sawereTloSi. solomonma 1762 wlis Cxaris brZolaSi gamarjvebis Semdeg

samefo taxtis dakaveba isev SeZlo, magram quTaisis, baRdaTis, Sorapnis da

cucxvaTis cixeebi kvlav osmalebs eWiraT [143, 640]. Seqmnili mZime mdgomareo-

bidan TavdasaRwevad solomon I-ma gadawyvita, ruseTis imperator ekaterine II-

Tvis daxmarebis gawevis TxovniT miemarTa. am mizniT mefem ruseTSi elCad

maqsime quTaTeli mitropoliti miavlina.

maqsime imereTidan 1768 wlis ivnisis bolos gaemgzavra. mas Tan solomon I-

is werili mihqonda imperator ekaterine II-Tan. werilSi, saTanado mokiTxvis

Semdeg, imereTis mefe ruseTis imperators mis samefoSi osmalTa laSqrobebiT

gamowveuli mZime mdgomareobis Sesaxeb auwyebda. sulTnis jarebsa da imereTis

laSqars Soris ukve 12 weliwadi mimdinareobda brZolebi, am drois ganmavlo-

baSi osmalo faSebi imereTs Svidjer Semoesivnen. solomon I xazs usvamda am

brZolebis simZimes da iqve amatebda, rom, miuxedavad yovelive amisa, igi sul-

Tans tyveebs mainc ar aZlevda da arc gadasaxadebs uxdida, Semoseul mters ki

yovelTvis amarcxebda. mefe imperators am brZolebSi jariT daxmarebas

sTxovda, radgan osmaleTs mravalricxovani armia hyavda da sakuTari ZalebiT

saboloo gamarjvebis mopovebas SeuZleblad miiCnevda. solomon I pirobas

iZleoda, rom osmalebis winaaRmdeg ukanasknel sisxlis wveTamde ibrZolebda

da ruseTis imperatoris morCilad gamoacxadebda Tavs. werilis bolos imere-

Tis mefe werda: `sxva gulis sityva da gazraxva Cvenis quTaTel mitropolitisa

maqsimes mier moÃsendes~ werils TariRad uzis 1768 wlis 23 ivnisi [171, 1-2].

1768 wlis 4 oqtombers imereTis mefis elCi yizlarSi Cavida da komen-

dants, general-maior n. potapovs Sexvda. maqsimes Tan erTi arqimandriti da

ori beri axlda. maqsime quTaTels solomon mefis Txovnis wignis garda, ro-

melic imperatorisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, werilebi hqonda gadasacemi graf pan-

inisTvis da potapovisTvis. mefe panins da yizlaris komendants elCisTvis dax-

marebis gawevas sTxovda, rom igi saimperatoro karze mieRoT [129, 72].

potapovi Tavisi mTavrobis miTiTebiT xelmZRvanelobda da imereTis elCs

peterburgSi gamgzavrebaze uari uTxra. ruseT-TurqeTs Soris saomari moqmede-

bebi jer kidev dawyebuli ar iyo, Tumca garkveuli samzadisi orive mxares So-

ris iwyeboda.

yizlaris komendantma maqsimes samSobloSi dabruneba urCia, Tan dahpirda,

rom solomon I-is Txovnas ruseTis mTavrobas acnobebda da pasuxsac Seatyo-

binebda. peterburgSi Casvlis neba rom mieRo, maqsime iZulebuli gaxda, pota-

povisTvis ganecxadebina: Tu ki solomon mefes ruseTi saidumlo daxmarebas aR-

mouCenda, samagierod, ruseT-osmaleTis omis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi imereTis mefe

osmalebs saqarTvelos SavizRvispira simagreebs waarTmevda da am adgilebidan

mtris jars Tavisufali gadaadgilebis saSualebas ar miscemda. elCi mzad iyo,

sakuTari xarjiT wasuliyo peterburgSi da saimperatoro kari valdebuli iyo

igi mieRo, radgan mas imereTis mefisgan uflebamosileba hqonda miniWebuli,

dawvrilebiT epasuxa yvela sakiTxze. maqsimes Tan mefis beWedi hqonda. qu-

TaTelma mitropolitma potapovs bolos ganucxada, rom sanam peterburgSi

Casvlas ar moaxerxebda, manamde samSobloSi dabruneba ar SeeZlo.

1768 wlis oqtomberSi maqsime quTaTelma ruseTis xelisuflebas moxsene-

biTi baraTi gaugzavna, sadac dawvrilebiT aRwera imereT-osmaleTs Soris

urTierToba. am werilidan irkveva, rom solomon I-ma osmalebTan tyveebiT vaW-

roba akrZala da yovel 3 weliwadSi sulTnisTvis tyve gogo-biWebiT xarkis

gadaxda ar ikisra. osmaleTis mTavrobis moTxovnis miuxedavad, imereTis mefe

54

maT ar daemorCila da 1760 wels sulTanma solomon I-is winaaRmdeg seraskir

mola abdul faSas meTaurobiT jari gamogzavna. imereTis mefem mteri daamar-

cxa da brZolaSi qarTvelebma osmalo sardalic ki mokles. amis sapasuxod

momdevno wels sulTanma axali jari gamogzavna, magram imerlebma es laSqaric

daamarcxes. 1763 wels osmalebma mesame laSqroba wamoiwyes, romelTa erT

nawils sari abdul riman faSa, xolo meore nawils axalcixis mmarTveli asan

faSa xelmZRvanelobda. osmalTa saerTo raodenoba 40 aTas kacs aRwevda.

solomon I-ma Tavis mxedrobasTan erTad moulodneli TavdasxmiT mteri

daamarcxa. magram sulTanma imereTis samefos winaaRmdeg axali, didZali

laSqari gamogzavna, romlis raodenoba 70 aTass aRwevda. am jars

xelmZRvanelobdnen asan faSa, arzrumis faSa da sxva 6 faSa. osmalebi imereTSi

Semovidnen da mTeli rigi cixe-simagreebi da dasaxlebuli adgilebi daikaves.

imereTis Tavad-aznaurebis nawili osmalebTan gamocxadda. solomon mefe Tavis

momxre Tavad-aznaurebTan erTad daaxloebiT 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi mters Tavs

aridebda. roca osmaleTis ZiriTadi laSqari dasavleT saqarTvelodan gavida,

solomon mefem daiqirava lekebi da sul mokle xanSi ramdenime cixe-simagris

garda, mTeli imereTi gaanTavisufla. osmalTa seraskirma solomon I-s isev mo-

sTxova 60 gogo-biWis yovelwliurad sulTnisTvis micema. imereTis mefes dax-

mareba arsaidan miuRia da mters marto ebrZoda, mxolod qarTl-kaxeTis mefe

erekle II exmareboda saidumlod. imereTis mefes Tavis qveSevrdomi raWis

erisTavic ar daemorCila, amitom misi samflobelo darbeul iqna, xolo

erisTavi miimala, Semdeg isev gamoCnda. solomon mefes daZabuli urTierToba

hqonda samegrelos mTavar dadianTan da guriis mTavar gurielTan, magram

imereTis mefe mtkiced flobda Tavis samflobelos [171, 15-17].

bolos n. potopovi iZulebuli gaxda, daTanxmeboda maqsimes yizlarSi

darCenas da 1768 wlis 4 oqtombers peterburgSi vice-kanclers da sagareo

saqmeTa kolegias fostiT gaugzavna moxseneba, romelsac daurTo maqsime

abaSiZis gancxadebebic. 25 noembers peterburgSi potapovis pataki miiRes, rome-

liTac Seityves imereTSi arsebuli viTareba da elCis yizlarSi yofnis ambavi

[19, 72-73. 30, 13-14]. maqsime quTaTelma araferi icoda ruseT-osmaleTs Soris

diplomatiuri urTierTobis gawyvetis Sesaxeb, Torem saidumlo daxmarebisaT-

vis valdebulebebis aRebas ar ikisrebda. elCma icoda, ruseT-osmaleTis omi

saerTod mosalodneli iyo da imereTis mefisgan miWebuli ufleba-mosilebis

farglebSi yvelafers aRuTqvamda ruseTis warmomadgenels, oRond peterburgSi

Casvlis nebarTva mieRo, rom Tavis qveyanas daxmareboda.

1768 wlis 25 seqtembers osmaleTis sulTanma stambolSi ruseTis reziden-

tis, obreskovis dapatimrebiT ruseTs faqtiurad omi gamoucxada. aseT viTare-

baSi sulTanma imereTis mefis dasasjelad jaris gamogzavna mizanSeuwonlad

CaTvala da 1768 wlis 25 seqtembers solomon I `Seiwyala da apatia Zveli dana-

Sauli~ [129, 68].

1768 wlis noemberSi daiwyo ruseT-osmaleTis morigi omi. ruseTis mTavro-

bam mezobeli qristiani xalxebis am omSi Tavis mxareze Cabma gadawyvita. im-

peratori ekaterine II Tavs yvela marTlmadideblis mfarvelad acxadebda.

mdgomareoba imereTis elCis sasargeblod Semobrunda.

1768 wlis 30 noembris gankargulebiT, ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa kolegia

yizlaris komendant potapovs atyobinebda, rom quTaTeli mitropoliti marjve

dros iyo mosuli, radgan imereTis mefe osmalebTan mtrul urTierTobaSi

imyofeboda. amitom elCi saswrafod unda gaemgzavrebina peterburgSi, xolo

misi Tanmxlebi arqimandriti imereTSi daebrunebina graf paninis weriliT. am

55

werilSi panini solomon I-s swerda, rom osmaleTis mier zavis veragulad

darRvevam is dabrkoleba mospo romelic imereTis mefis Txovnis Sesrulebas

aferxebda. amieridan imereTis mefis elCi saimperatoro karze Seuferxeblad

miiReboda. panini solomon mefes urCevda daxmarebis miRebamdec, Tavis ZalebiT,

osmalebis winaaRmdeg moqmedebis dawyebas.

yizlaris komendantma maqsime quTaTeli Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad 1769

wlis 6 ianvars saimperatoro karze gagzavna, xolo 14 ianvars arqimanditri da

imereTSi gasagzavnad SerCeuli poruCiki, Tavadi grigol xvabulovi (qobulaS-

vili) imereTisken gaistumra [129, 74-75. 171, 26].

maqsime quTaTeli 1769 wlis 17 ianvars astraxanSi Cavida, 22 Tebervals

moskovSi, xolo 8 marts _ peterburgSi. imereTis mefis elCis CasvliT ruseTis

mTavrobas saSualeba mieca, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb garkveuli cnobebi Seegrove-

bina. maqsime quTaTeli Zvirfasi iyo aramarto rogorc informaciis mimwode-

beli, aramed rogorc imereTis mefis sruluflebiani elCi, romelic mefisgan

didi rwmunebiT iyo aRWurvili.

1769 wlis martSi peterburgSi Casuli imereTis elCi ramdenadme SeboWili

iyo manamde gakeTebuli sakuTari gancxadebebiT da mefis weriliT, rac ruseTis

mTavrobisTvis ukve cnobili iyo. magram Seqmnili viTareba mas saqmis gamos-

worebas avalebda. elCi ar dabneula da Sesaferisi diplomatiuri gamWriaxoba

gamoavlina. mas esmoda, rom ruseT-osmaleTis omis dawyebam imereTs safrTxe

droebiT aacila, osmaleTis agresia imereTis mimarT am etapze mosalodneli

ar iyo. quTaTeli mitropoliti ruseTis mxridan mosalodneli moTxovnebisTvis

Sesaferisi pasuxis gasacemad niadagis momzadebas Seudga [129, 76-77].

imereTis mefis elCi ruseTis saimperatoro karze didi pativiT miiRes.

maqsime quTaTelma Tavisi sagangebo rwmunebidan gamomdinare, 1769 wlis 14 marts

ruseTis mTavrobas sagangebo weriliT dawvrilebiT gaacno dasavleT saqarT-

veloSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. es werili Semdeg Sinaarss Seicavda: imereTis

mefe solomon I-s da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II-s didi megobroba

akavSirebda, da roca imereTs osmalebi Seesivnen, erekle II-m solomon I-s or-

jer saidumlo daxmareba aRmouCina. aseve, imereTis mefe qarTl-kaxeTis mefes 9-

aTasiani jariT daexmara, erTxelac erekles lekTa razmiTac miaSvela Tavis

Zma arCilis meTaurobiT. solomon mefes dasavleT saqarTvelos mTavrebi: da-

diani da gurieli, aseve raWis erisTavi da sxva Tavadebi uklebliv emorCile-

bodnen.

imereTs aRmosavleTiT qarTl-kaxeTi esazRvreboda, samxreTidan axalcixis

safaSo. axalcixemde 1 DdRis, arzrumamde 8 dRis, trapizonamde 6 dRis savali

manZili iyo. am qalaqebSi osmalTa samTuliani faSebi isxdnen. Semdeg maqsime

quTaTeli dawvrilebiT exeba umTavres sakiTxs, anu dasavleT saqarTveloSi

osmalTa garnizonebis ganlagebas. osmalebs saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi ekavaT

baTumis, foTis, soxumis cixeebi, sadac sazRvao xomaldebis misadgomebi iyo.

sakuTriv imereTSi maTi jari samefos dedaqalaq quTaisSi, baRdaTis, Sorapnis

da cucxvaTis cixeebSi idga. Svidive cixe-simagreSi osmalebis saerTo raode-

noba 700 meomars moiTvlida, xolo SeiaraReba _ 85 did da mcire zarbazans. is-

ini am cixeebSi didi xania idgnen, magram zianis miyeneba da winaaRmdegobis

gaweva ar SeeZloT, amasTanave zogjer solomon I-sac morCilebdnen, amitom mefe

maT arsebobas urigdeboda, radgan maTi gayra osmalTa axal laSqrobas ga-

moiwvevda. is cixe-simagreebi, romlebic imereTis mefes emorCileboda, 15-mde

zarbazniT iyo aRWurvili. erTi didi zarbazani imerlebma mters waarTves da

maT winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen. Semdeg elCi imereTis samxedro Zalas aRwers: Tavisi

56

molaSqreebiT gamosuli Tavad-aznauroba 25 aTasidan 30 aTasamde aRwevda, ma-

gram Tanxis uqonlobis gamo jaris didxans Senaxva da mtrisTvis sazRvarze

winaaRmdegobis gaweva ver xerxdeboda. Tu es Tanxa iqneboda, maSin 50 aTasi

molaSqris Segrovebac SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda. garda amisa, yovelTvis mox-

erxdeboda qiriT 50 aTasamde lekisa da osis gamoyvana. Tu imerlebs saTanado

gasamrjelo eqnebodaT, qveiTi da cxenosani meomrebis gamoyvana yovelTvis iqne-

boda SesaZlebeli, rogorc ruseTSi saldaTis da dragunis razmebi iyo. omSi

imerlebi mamacebi da Seupovrebi iyvnen. Tofis wamals imereTSi akeTebdnen, ma-

gram ufro metad sparseTidan, osmaleTidan da Tbilisidan iRebdnen. aqedan

mosdiodaT Tofi, xmali da tyvia. ruseTTan damakavSirebeli gzebis Sesaxeb

maqsime quTaTeli aRniSnavda, rom imereTidan mozdokamde 5 dRis savali man-

Zili iyo, magram oseTze da mcire yabardoze gamavali gzebis cudi mdgomareo-

bis gamo 2 dRis manZilze urmiT gasvla SeuZlebeli iyo. Tumca cxenosan da

qveiT jars am gzaze, zamTris garda, moZraoba yovelTvis SeeZlo. elCma Tavis

werilSi yuradReba gaamaxvila imereTSi arsebul bunebriv simdidreebze, gansa-

kuTrebiT oqrosa da vercxlis sabadoebze, aRwera imereTis savaWro urTierTo-

bebi da sameurneo mdgomareoba. werilis bolos maqsime quTaTelma ruseTis

mTavrobas imereTis mefisTvis 5 aTasi jariskaciTa da fuladi saxsriT dax-

marebis aRmoCena sTxova. Samagierod, solomon mefe dasavleT saqarTveloSi

mdgar osmalebs im zafxulsve erTianad gaanadgurebda da ruseTis imperatoris

erTguli iqneboda [172, 2-5].

maqsime quTaTelma ruseT-TurqeTis omis dawyebis Semdeg, imereTis omSi

monawileobis pirobad, sakmarisad aRar miiCnia marto saidumlo daxmarebis

miReba. is ukve imereTisaTvis ruseTis mfarvelobas, sakuTari saxsrebiT aRWur-

vili ruseTis jaris da solomonisaTvis saxarjo Tanxis gagzavnas iTxovda.

elCis es moTxovna Tavisi SinaarsiT solomon I-is Txovnis wigns scildeboda.

ucxo karze daxmarebis saTxovnelad misul elCs kategoriuli toniT laparaki

ar SeeZlo, magram TxovnaSi simtkice mainc igrZnoboda. Tumca maqsimes rom

scodnoda sulTnis mier solomon mefis Sewyaleba, rac misi wamosvlis Semdeg,

1768 wlis seqtemberSi moxda, SeiZleba misi moTxovna sxvagvari yofiliyo. elCma

imereTis SesaZleblobebis Taobaze gazviadebuli cnobebis miwodebiT moaxerxa

ruseTis saimperatoro karis daintereseba da ruseTisagan damxmare jari

kidevac miiRo, miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis mTavrobas 1768 wlis noemberSi es

SeuZleblad miaCnda [129, 77-78].

1769 wlis 26 maiss imperatorma ekaterine II-m imereTis mefes sapasuxo wer-

ili gamougzavna, romliTac Semweobis aRmoCenas hpirdeboda. solomon I-s igi

osmalTa winaaRmdeg brZolis dauyovnebliv gaCaRebas urCevda [171, 50-51]. xolo

28 maiss, samSobloSi gamomgzavrebis win maqsime quTaTels oficialuri sa-

pasuxo werili gadasces, sadac naTqvami iyo, rom imereTSi samxedro razmi da

sakmao raodenobis Tanxa igzavneboda, raTa solomon mefes osmalTa mimarT

brZolis ganaxleba SesZleboda. imereTis samefosTvis maqsime mitropolitis

diplomatiuri misia ruseTSi mniSvnelovani warmatebiT dasrulda: 1. Tu ruseTi

osmalebze gamarjvebas moipovebda, sazavo xelSekrulebis dros imereTis same-

fos, rogorc ruseTis samxedro mokavSiris interesebi gaTvaliswinebuli iqne-

boda; 2. imereTSi gaigzavneboda ruseTis karis sami aseuli artileriiT, saar-

tilerio saqmis mcodne da simagreebis mSenebeli oficrebiT; 3. imereTis mefes

50 aTasi maneTi sakuTari jaris Sesanaxad eZleoda. amis Semdeg maqsime qu-

TaTeli samSobloSi gamoemgzavra da 14 agvistos igi ukve yizlarSi iyo [129, 87,

89, 90]. 1769 wlis seqtembrisTvis quTaTeli mitropoliti imereTSi movida, sadac

57

mas yvela didi sixaruliT miegeba. samefos karze imperatori ekaterines wer-

ili umalve waikiTxes [172, 22-23].

ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTveloSi general totlebenis meTaurobiT,

samxedro razmi gamogzavna 480 kacis SemadgenlobiT. am razms 4 qvemexi gaaCnda.

1769 wlis 26 seqtembers totlebeni Tavisi razmis sami aseuliT imereTis saz-

Rvrebze mivida, sadac mas 27 seqtembers solomon mefe, kaTalikosi iosebi da

sxva didebulebi Seegebnen. 1769 wlis 3 oqtombers totlebenma da solomon I-ma

saerTo ZalebiT alya Semoartyes Sorapnis cixes, romelsac 23 mecixovne

icavda. amasobaSi imereTis teritoriaze samegrelos mTavari da osmalebi Se-

moiWrnen. solomoni iZulebuli gaxda, mowinaaRmdeges SebrZoleboda, xolo

rusebs damxmared kaTalikosi iosebi da maqsime quTaTeli mitropoliti miuCina

maTi molaSqreebiT. Tumca totlebenma 4 dRis Semdeg Sorapnis cixes alya

TviTneburad moxsna, 13 oqtombers imereTis sazRvari datova da qarTlSi

gadavida [172, 21. 129, 106]. 1770 wels ruseTis razmi imereTSi isev Semovida.

solomon I-ma da totlebenma jer cucxvaTis cixe aiRes, Semdeg 15 maiss qu-

Taisis qalaqi osmalTagan gaanTavisufles. mere baRdaTis cixec aiRes. amis

mere rus-imerTa gaerTianebulma jarma quTaisis cixeSi gamagrebul osmalebs

Seutia da 1770 wlis ivlisSi gamarjveba moipova [172, 47-78].

1778-1781 wlebSi solomon I-s da maqsime abaSiZes Soris, romelic quTaTel

mitropolitobasTan erTad dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosobasac flobda,

urTierToba gamwvavda. es dapirispireba mefis Zis, ufliswul aleqsandres uka-

nono qorwinebiT iyo gamowveuli [190, 63]. am ujero qorwinebis gamo eklesiam

ufliswuli SeaCvena. 1780 wels aleqsandre gardaicvala. solomon I-s

memkvidris Sesaferisi pativiT dakrZalva undoda eklesiis SigniT, magram saek-

lesio krebam da maqsime kaTalikos-quTaTelma mefes amis neba, miuxedavad didi

Txovnisa, ar misces, radgan aleqsandre eklesiisgan SeCvenebuli iyo. batoniS-

vilis cxedars mxolod erTi mRvdeli miuZRoda win da misi TanxlebiT gela-

Tis mTavari eklesiis gareT dakrZales [24, 26-27. 33, 146]. yovelive aman mefesa da

kaTalikos Soris urTierToba daZaba da maqsime abaSiZe 1781 wlis Tebervlis

Semdeg iZulebuli gaxda, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gadasuliyo.

momdevno quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeos wereTeli, romelic 1781 wli-

dan ganagebda saepiskoposos [18, 74], aqtiurad monawileobda imereTis samefos

politikur cxovrebaSi. solomon I-is mier ruseTis imperator ekaterine II-sadmi

1784 wlis 6 marts gagzavnil werils, sadac mefe mfarvelobas iTxovda, sxveb-

Tan erTad dosiTeos mitropolitmac moawera xeli [190, 58].

1784 wlis 23 aprils solomon I gardaicvala. imereTis samefo taxtze

solomonis biZaSvili daviT giorgis Ze (1784-1790 ww.) avida, romelsac taxtis

meore maZieblis, daviT arCilis Zis momxreebi daupirispirdnen. daviT mefem

imereTis sasuliero pirTa da Tavad-aznaurTa umravlesobis mxardaWeris mop-

oveba SesZlo. 1784 wlis 1 maiss dosiTeos quTaTelma, efTvime genaTelma, ioane

mTavarepiskoposma da Tavadebis nawilma CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi ruseTis warmo-

madgenel general potiomkins werili gaugzavnes, sadac isini swerdnen, rom

daviT giorgis Zis gamefebas mxars uWerdnen [128, 97, 248].

1789 wlis 11 ivliss maTxojis brZolaSi daviT mefe samegrelos mTavar

grigol dadiansa da daviT arCilis Zis momxreebTan brZolaSi damarcxda da

iZulebuli gaxda, axalcixis safaSoSi gadaxvewiliyo [128, 51]. imereTis samefo

taxtze solomon II-is saxeliT daviT arCilis Ze (1789-1810 ww.) avida [130, 204].

magram Sida areuloba isev grZeldeboda da amitom Seqmnili mZime mdgomareo-

bidan gamomdinare, 1789 wels imereTis warCinebulebma erekle II-Tan delegacia

58

miavlines. warmomadgenlobaSi dosiTeos quTaTeli, efTvime gelaTeli, zurab

wereTeli, paata miqelaZe, sexnia wulukiZe da sxvebi Sediodnen. maT erekle II-s

imereTis qarTl-kaxeTTan SeerTeba sTxoves [99, 18], magram, samwuxarod, maTi es

survili ver ganxorcielda.

mogvianebiT, dosiTeosi da efTvime genaTeli erTmaneTs gadamterebuli

solomon II-is da samegrelos mTavar grigol dadianis morigebasac

cdilobdnen. imereTis mefem samegrelos mTavari quTaisSi mosalaparakeblad

miiwvia. sofel banZaSi myofma grigol dadianma da biZamisma giorgi dadianisZem

Suamavlebad quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebi moiTxoves. dosiTeos qu-

TaTeli da efTvime genaTeli banZaSi mividnen. maT mTavari da misi biZa qu-

TaisSi, quTaTeli mitropolitis sasaxleSi miiyvanes. solomon II-Tan mola-

parakebaze grigol dadianma biZamisi gaagzavna. giorgi dadianisZem samegrelos

mTavars mefesTan gamocxadeba ar urCia. grigoli swrafad ukan dabrunda da

xunwSi dadga. mas dosiTeosi da efTvimec gamoyvnen, romlebic Semdeg ukan

dabrundnen [15, 189]. mitropolitTa es Suamavloba mefisa da mTavris Sesarige-

blad uSedegod damTavrda [184, 22-23].

1803 wels mTavarmarTebel cicinovis davalebiT, imereTSi s. bronevski gae-

marTa, romelsac solomon II-is mier datyvevebuli batoniSvili konstantines

ganTavisufleba hqonda dakisrebuli. bronevskim daxmareba dosiTeos quTaTels

da qaixosro wereTels sTxova. maTac daiyolies mefe, rom gaenTavisuflebina

konstantine batoniSvili [169-a, 349].

1804 wels p. cicianovma SeZlo eiZulebina solomon II, imereTis ruseTis

imperiis mfarvelobaSi Sesvlis xelSekrulebaze moewera xeli. SeTanxmebis

Tanaxmad, samefo taxts solomon II da misi STamomavloba inarCunebda. Tumca

1808 wels ruseTis imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma saidumlo brZaneba gasca imer-

eTSi samefo xelisuflebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb [142, 343, 356]. amis Semdeg solomon

II-sa da ruseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierToba daiZaba da

mefe iZulebuli gaxda, daetovebina quTaisi, sadac ukve rusis jari idga. 1809

wels qaixosro wereTelma, sexnia wulukiZem da rostom niJaraZem afxalaurSi

imereTis Tavad-aznauroba da mravalricxovani xalxi Sekribes. Sekrebilebma

dosiTeos quTaTelisa da efTvime genaTelis winaSe fici dades, rom solomon

II-is erTgulebi iqnebodnen. imavdroulad imereTSi ruseTis xelisuflebis war-

momadgenlebma solomon II-Tan mosalaparakeblad, zurab wereTelsa da efTvime

genaTelTan erTad doseiTeos quTaTelic miavlines, romelsac rusebis Tval-

sazrisiT, mefesa da xalxze didi gavlenis moxdena SeeZlo. Tumca 1809 wlis 10

ivliss gamarTuli es molaparakeba uSedegod damTavrda, radgan mefem ruseTis

mTavrobis moTxovnebis Sesrulebaze uari ganacxada [169, 199, 202]. TviTon

dosiTeosi rusebTan Semdgom TanamSromlobaze SeZlebisdagvarad Tavs ikavebda.

1810 wlis TebervalSi man upasuxod datova imereTSi ruseTis jarebis sardal

simoneviCis moTxovna, kvlav wasuliyo solomon II-Tan mosalaparakeblad [169,

229].

1810 wlis 20 Tebervals quTaisis eklesiaSi simoneviCma solomon II-is

xelisufleba damxobilad gamoacxada da Tan saomari moqmedebebi daiwyo mefis

momxreebis winaaRmdeg. 12 marts baRdadTan axlos salxinos taZarSi rusma

oficrebma: simoneviCma da mogilevskim jvarsa da saxarebaze daificebiT, rom

mefes arafers avnebdnen, mTavarmarTebel tormasovTan viTom mosalaparakeblad

solomon II qarTlSi Seityues. sof. varianSi ki tormasovis brZanebiT mefe `sa-

patio tyveobaSi~ aiyvanes da gaZlierebuli badragis TanxlebiT TbilisSi

gaamgzavres.

59

datyvevebulma mefem 11 maiss Tbilisidan gaqceva moaxerxa da Tavi axal-

cixis safaSos Seafara [85, 196, 204]. 17 maiss solomon II axalcixidan dosiTeos

quTaTels swerda, rom Tuki rusebma imereTSi gaimarjves, rusebis momxreebs

`romlebsac dRes oqros aZlevdnen, xval maTis ojaxis sacxovrebelsac waarT-

meven~, `maT qarTl-kaxeTSic pirvelad ficiTa da oqroTi moatyues~, rusebi `Ta-

vis Cveulebas TqvenTvis ar gamocvlian, arc Tqvens mama-papaT icnoben, arc aqvT

siyvaruli da gulisSetkieba. me ki Tqven miyvarxarT, gicnobT da micnobT da

movida SemTxveva, rom Cems mxareze dadgeT da darazmoT Tqveni mrevli~. mefe

quTaTel mitropolits winandeli damsaxurebis gamo madlobas uxdida da

kvlav erTgulebas sTxovda [169, 268-269].

1810 wels axalcixidan imereTSi gadmosulma solomon II-m rusebis mxareze

gadasul saxlTxuces zurab wereTelTan mosarigeblad Tu mosalaparakeblad

quTaTeli dosiTeosi, efTvime genaTeli, nikoloz lorTqifaniZe da xaxuli

abaSiZe gagzavna. mefe am dros Tavisi jariT koxSi idga [19, 115].

imereTis dapyrobis Semdeg iq 1819 wels ruseTis koloniuri xelisuflebis

winaaRmdeg didi ajanyeba daiwyo. ajanyebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi ruseTis

mier dasavleT saqarTveloSi axali saeklesio politikis gatareba iyo, romel-

sac saqarTvelos egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovi ruseTis xelisuflTa mxar-

daWeriT axorcielebda. ajanyebis erT-erT mTavar organizatorad da xelSem-

wyobad ruseTis mmarTvelobam Tavidanve dosiTeos quTaTeli miiCnia [170, 540,

554, 574].

1819 wlis 18 ivliss dosiTeos quTaTeli da efTvime genaTeli quTaisSi

Casul general sisoevs Sexvdnen. mitropolitebma generals auxsnes, rom ajan-

yeba imereTidan ruseTis xelisuflebis gandevnas ki ar isaxavda miznad, aramed

dawyebuli saeklesio reformis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, radgan egzarqosi

fuladi gadasaxadebis dawesebas apirebda, romlis gadaxda mosaxleobas ar

SeeZlo [170, 541]. imave dRes dosiTeosma TavisTan miiRo giorgi avaliSvili da

Teofilaqtes usamarTlobaze SesCivla. g. avaliSvilis daxasiaTebiT, quTaTeli

mitropoliti sasuliero ganswavlulobis garda gamocdili iyo `aqaurTa

samÃedroTa da samoqalaqoTaca saqmeTa Sina~, romelsac ruseTis xelisu-

flebisagan manamde miRebuli hqonda wminda anas pirveli klasis ordeni [2, 16,

21].

1819 wlis agvistos Sua ricxvebSi dosiTeos quTaTelma efTvime genaTel-

Tan erTad mTavarmarTebel ermolovs weriliT mimarTa, rom gamoeZiebina imer-

eTSi egzarqosis mier Cadenili usamarTlo qmedebebi [170, 397].

1819 wlis 31 agvistos ruseTis umaRlesma xelisuflebam gadawyvetileba

miiRo, rom quTaisis da gelaTis mitropolitebi peterburgSi gaegzavnaT,

radgan isini imereTSi dawyebul ajanyebas xels uwyobdnen. gansakuTrebiT,

yuradReba dosiTeosze iyo gamaxvilebuli, romelsac, rusebis azriT, Tavis

ZmisSvil beJan wereTelTan erTad kavSiri hqonda meamboxeebTan da maT fuliTa

da iaraRiT amaragebda. uSualod quTaTeli mitropoliti am dros sofel maR-

lakSi cxovrobda. mas meTvalyureobas maiori ostrouxovi uwevda, romlis gank-

argulebaSi 100 egeri da 15 kazaki imyofeboda. ostrouxovisTvis nabrZanebi iyo,

gankargulebis miRebisTanave dosiTeos quTaTeli daepatimrebina [170, 395, 569,

575, 582].

1820 wlis dasawyisisTvis ruseTis xelisuflebam gegma SeimuSava, romlis

mixedviT, ajanyebis yvela moTave unda SeepyroT da ruseTSi gadaesaxlebinaT.

kavkasiis mTavarmarTebelma ermolovma da generalma veliaminovma amis Ses-

ruleba imereTis axal mmarTvels, polkovnik puzirevskis daavales. puzirevskis

60

nabrZanebi hqonda, rom ajanyebulTa Sepyrobis dros quTaTeli da genaTeli mi-

tropolitebi ar moekla, radgan maTi sikvdili imereTSi mRelvarebas kidev

ufro gaaZlierebda. Tu mitropolitebis cocxlad Sepyroba mainc ver mox-

erxdeboda, maTi cxedrebi imereTSi ar unda daekrZalaT [170, 582].

1820 wlis 12 Tebervals puzirevskim veliaminovisagan miiRo miTiTeba, rom

imereTis ajanyebis moTaveebi yvela erTad, erT dRes Seepyro. dasakavebel

pirTa sia sakmaod vrceli iyo: dosiTeos quTaTeli, efTvime genaTeli, ta-

bakinis monastris arqimandriti grigoli, darejan dedofali, ivane abaSiZe, sex-

nia wulukiZe da sxvebi. am siis SedgenaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo eg-

zarqosma Teofilaqtem [170, 575-576].

dapatimrebis drod 1820 wlis 4 martis saRamo dainiSna. veliaminovma

puzirevskis damxmare Zalad general sisoevis meTaurobiT xersonis grenaderTa

batalioni gaugzavna. puzirevskim amboxebis moTaveebi motyuebiT quTaisSi, vi-

Tomda imereTis yofili mmarTvelis kurtanovskis gasacileblad miiwvia. da-

kavebis dros Tavad sexnia wulukiZem maior mixins esrola, xolo mdivanbegi

miqelaZe xanjliT cdilobda Tavis dacvas, magram isini ganaiaraRes. quTaTelma

dosiTeosma dakavebisas rusebs didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia, magram Semdgom sal-

daTebisagan sastikad nacemma goneba dakarga [185, 510-511]. am ambis TviTmxilveli

kapitani dubecki werda: `maTi dapatimrebis dros adgili hqonda araTavazian

moqcevas, radgan erTi maTganis winaaRmdegobis gamo ixmares Tofis kondaxebi

da xiStebi, ase, rom gasisxlianebuli mwyemsmTavari Sekres da ZaliT Sesves

cxenze~ [197, 89].

puzirevskim saWirod miiCnia, rom dakavebulebisTvis Tavze tomrebi

gadaecva, raTa isini xalxs ar ecno. gacemuli iyo gankarguleba, rom badragze

Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi yvela dapatimrebuli undaDdaexocaT. 5 marts gzaSi

dosiTeos quTaTeli avad gaxda, xolo 8 marts naSuadRevis 5 saaTze igi

suramsa da gors Soris gzaze gardaicvala. misi sikvdili maior mixins badra-

gisTvisac ar gaumxelia. egzarqosma Teofilaqtem gankarguleba gasca, gar-

dacvlili mitropolitis cxedari pirvelsave eklesiaSi saTanado pativis ga-

reSe daemarxaT. dosiTeosis neSti ananuris eklesiaSi dakrZales [170, 575, 584,

586, 15, 206-207].

rogorc vxedavT, quTaTeli mRvdelmTavrebi did rols TamaSobdnen jer

erTiani saqarTvelos, Semdeg ki imereTis samefos politikur cxovrebaSi. gansa-

kuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia quTaisis mTavarepiskoposebis didi wvlili XVIII sauku-

nis imereTis samefosa da ruseTis imperias Sors diplomatiur urTierTobebSi.

quTaTeli mitropoliti timoTe gabaSvili saTaveSi edga 1737 wlis imereTis

elCobas ruseTSi, romelmac Sedegi ver moitana mxolod imitom, rom ruseTi

iZulebuli gaxda, zavi daedo osmaleTTan da imxanad Sav zRvaze gabatonebis

amocanaze xeli aeRo. samagierod, ufro warmatebuli aRmoCnda quTaTeli mi-

tropoliti maqsime abaSiZis diplomatiuri misia ruseTSi. am misiam ruseTis

xelisuflebas sababi misca, general totlebenis meTaurobiT saeqspedicio kor-

pusi gamoegzavna samxreT kavkasiaSi da saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebi 1768-1774

wlebis ruseT-osmaleTis omSi Caeba.

Tavisebur diplomatiur misias asrulebda quTaTeli mitropoliti

dosiTeos wereTeli, romelic, rogorc Suamavali, ramdenjerme monawileobda

imereTis mefe solomon II-sa da ruseTis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs Soris

molaparakebebSi. dosiTeos quTaTeli ruseTis mier imereTis samefos gauqmebis

61

Semdeg cdilobda, dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia daecva rusebis Zaladobrivi

xelyofisagan da amas misi tragikuli sikvdili mohyva.

Tavi V.

quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikuri

mdgomareoba

quTaisis saepiskoposo mniSvnelovan saeklesio centrTan erTad, saukuneTa

ganmavlobaSi msxvil sameurneo-ekonomikur erTeuls warmoadgenda dasavleT

saqarTveloSi.

quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis amsaxveli

yvelaze adreuli xanis dokumenti, romelic dReisTvis mogvepoveba, aris 1578

wlis quTaisis saydris gamosaRebi begris davTari. davTari nusxuriT aris daw-

erili da 78 furcels Seicavs. teqsti pirvelad eq. TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna [57,

1-72], xolo Semdgom i. doliZem [42, 279-343].

davTari warmoadgens quTaisis saepiskoposos kuTvnili glexebis gamo-

saRebi gadasaxadebis wigns, romlebic am saepiskoposos samwysoSi Semaval

soflebSi cxovrobdnen da valdebulni iyvnen, quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposisTvis

dadgenili gadasaxadi gadaexadaT.

eq. TayaiSvilis azriT, sabuTi dedans warmoadgens [57, 2], xolo iv. javax-

iSvilma xelnaweris dednoba saeWvod miiCnia im mosazrebiT, rom zogi soflis

gamosaRebis jumali davTris cnobebs ar udgeboda da dokuments araviTari

Sesavali ar hqonda. aseve ucnobi iyo, Tu visi brZanebiT da vis mier iyo

Sedgenili [42, 1160].

davTris bolo nawili gansxvavdeba danarCeni nawilisagan gamosaRebis

saxeobiT da terminologiiT. s. kakabaZem quTaisis saydris mTel davTarTan Se-

darebiT es bolo nawili ufro adreul xanaSi, XIV-XV saukuneSi Sedgenilad

miiCnia [100, 246]. davTris es bolo nawili guriis sofel baxvis da albaT misi

mezobeli zogierTi soflis mekomurTa gamosaRebs exeba, romlebic quTaTelis

samwysoSi Sediodnen da misi begaravaldebuli ymebi iyvnen (42, 1161).

aRniSnuli davTris mixedviT, saquTaTlo mamulebi Tavis gamosaRebi

begara-valdebulebebiT Semdenairia:

1. quTaisi _ quTaisSi iyo 20 komli, maT Soris 5 partaxti (amowyvetili

komli). 14 komlidan 1 aznauri iyo, romelsac puris Wama emarTa. 10

msaxuridan eqvss puris Wama da samsaxuri edo begrad. danarCeni oTxi-

dan erTs _ saydris samsaxuri, meores _ saydris Wedva da xelosnoba,

mesames _ WurWliT samsaxuri, meoTxes _ 20 TeTri da samsaxuri emarTa.

1 glexi iyo quTaisis saydris sadekanozod (dekanozs emsaxureboda).

quTaisSi quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen: qasilaZe, kikoraZe (partaxti), faCuaS-

vili, gzobiaSvili, iobiZe, ugrexelisSvili, kaxaSvili, gogawiTelasS-

vili, megreliZe, afxaZe, mefarisSvili, maRlakeliZe, TuTberiZe da

sxvebi.

62

2. axalsofeli _ axalsofelSi quTaisis eklesiis mebegre glexebis

raodenoba 7 komls aRwevda, romelTac marTebdaT begara, sul: 175 koka

Rvino (9-litriani koka), 56 naoTxali Romi (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saekle-

sio yanas ar daamuSavebdnen. yanis damuSavebisas mxolod 14 naoTxali

unda gadaexadaT). 42 TeTri, 21 qaTami, 7 saklavi (TiTo 12-TeTriani), 140

kvercxi. partaxtebis raodenoba axalsofelSi 6 iyo, romelTa gamo-

saRebi Seadgenda sul: 150 koka Rvinos, 6 saklavs, 36 TeTrs, 18 qaTams,

120 kvercxs, 12 naoTxal Roms (es imas unda gadaexada, partaxtebs vinc

daamuSavebda). am sofelSi quTaTels 1 azati hyavda, xolo saerTod ax-

alsofelSi quTaisis saydris ymebi iyvnen: ruxvaZe, qaSibaZe, mequabiZe,

bibilasSvili, tabiZe, afridoniZe, melaZe, qurcinaZe, JorJoliani, kuti-

vaZe, tyeSelaSvili. glexebis valdebulebas Seadgenda, gamosuliyvnen

saydris da sasaxlis samuSaoze, tvirTi ezidaT da saeklesio zvari

daemuSavebinaT.

3. orSiSi _ quTaTels 7 komli mebegre glexi ekuTvnoda, romelTa gamo-

saRebis saerTo raodenoba Sedgenda: 120 koka Rvino (12-litriani), 100

koka Rvino (9-litriani), 7 saklavi, 42 TeTri, 21 qaTami, 104 kvercxi, 14

naoTxali Romi. glexebi unda gamosuliyvnen saydris, sasaxlis da

zvaris samuSaoze, unda ezidaT tvirTi. quTaTelis ymebi kostantaZeebi

iyvnen.

4. qutiri _ quTaTelis 2 koml ymas, SatmaxaSvils da CiburdaniZes, emar-

TaT: pirvels _ 20 koka Rvino (8-litriani), xolo meores _ 20 koka

Rvino (12-litriani). maT aseve evalebodaT samsaxuri da Sinaymoba.

5. maRlaki _ quTaisis saepiskoposos 31 komli mebegre glexi hyavda, ro-

melTa gamosaRebi iyo: 321 koka Rvino (9-litriani), 374 TeTri, 58 qaTami,

270 kvercxi. quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen: ivanjanisSvilebi, aroZeebi, Jor-

Jolianebi, saridasSvilebi, xazaraZeebi, SalaberiZeebi da sxvebi. par-

taxtebis raodenoba 11-s aRwevda, romelTac marTebdaT: 102 koka Rvino

(9-litriani), 112 TeTri, 60 kvercxi, 6 qaTami. maRlakeliZeebs aseve unda

gadaexadaT: fini, larZayani, samarxvo cercvi. glexebs begrad edoT:

mZime samuSaoebis Sesruleba da xar-uremiT samsaxuri.

6. farcmanayanevi – quTaTelis ymebis raodenoba 13 koml mebegre glexs

Seadgenda. maTi gadasaxadi iyo: 150 koka Rvino (9-litriani), 160 koka

Rvino (8-litriani), 70 TeTri, 16 qaTami, 37 kvercxi. partaxtebi 7 iyo,

romelTac Semdegi gamosaRebi edoT: 79 koka Rvino (9-litriani), 84

TeTri, 14 qaTami, 37 kvercxi. glexebs aseve unda gadaexadaT samarxvo

cercvi, yda da lartyaÁ, saquTaTlos ymebi iyvnen: kilaZeebi da laRa-

Zeebi.

7. CuneSi _ quTaisis eklesias 5 komli kutivaZeebi ekuTvnoda, romelTac

35 koka Rvino, 90 TeTri, 5 qaTami, 25 kvercxi da 21 naoTxali Romi emar-

TaT.

8. ofskÂji _ bluiZeebs, laRaZes da kvarteliZes, sul 5 komls, sa-

episkopososTvis unda gadaexadaT: 5 uremi Romi, 70 koka Rvino (10-

litriani) da 20 koka Rvino (9-litriani), 4 saklavi (TiTo aT-aTi TeT-

ris) da 1 saklavi (12-TeTriani), 4 naoTxali qeri, 7 qaTami, 4 komls

TiTo-TiTo saZRveno kvercxi emarTa.

9. patrikeTi _ 4 koml yma-glexebs _ narComaSvilebs da bluiZeebs emar-

TaT: 20 koka Rvino, 4 saklavi, 5 qaTami, 3 uremi Romi da 3 naoTxali

qeri.

63

10. bakisubani _ 1 koml msaxur revisSils gadasaxdeli hqonda 4 litra

sanTeli, puris Wama da ZRveni.

11. geguTi _ 2 koml msaxur gabuniebs marTebdaT: 900 Zna Tiva, 6 TeTri, 1

qaTami, Sin CadgomiT sma-Wama da cxeniT samsaxuri.

12. baSi _ quTaisis saepiskoposos 29 komli mebegre glexi hyavda, romelTa

gadasaxadi Seadgenda: 29 urem Roms, 580 koka Rvinos (12-litriani), 28

saklavs, 112 qaTams, 72 kvercxs. garda amisa, yvela komls saTiTaod

`saTeTro Tevzi~, 30 xeli sajinibo mWadi, TiTo Seqnili mWadi, TiTo

Careqi mkedi, mZaRe, niori, marili, Tevzaoba, tvirTis zidva, sasaxlis

muSaoba, puris Wama (romelsac rikrikas eZaxdnen) da badis mkedi emarTa.

quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen: cetiZeebi, svaniZeebi, noniasSvilebi, geraZeebi,

kaSmaZeebi, nacvlisSvilebi, muxluxiZeebi, xalbakiZeebi, RanduriZeebi.

13. mesxeTi _ quTaTeli flobda 9 koml mebegre glexs, romelTac emarTaT:

108 koka Rvino (9-litriani), 34 koka Rvino (8-litriani), 1 saklavi, (10-

TeTriani), 96 TeTri, 16 qaTami, 90 kvercxi. erT Sinaymas, laRaZes, mar-

Tebda 1 litra sanTeli da SinaymobiT samsaxuri. partaxti erTi iyo,

romlis gamosaRebi 12 koka Rvinos, 10 TeTrs, 2 qaTams, 5 kvercxs

Seadgenda. glexebs samarxvo cercvic unda gadaexadaT. mesxeTSi qu-

TaTelis ymebi iyvnen: mocinaraSvili, gorgoZeebi, abulaZeebi,

cqvinaZeebi.

14. wyalTaSua _ eparqias 3 komli mebegre glexi hyavda, romelTac 3 uremi

Tiva, 3 gverdi qeri, 3 saklavi, 3 qaTami, kvercxi, samarxvo, pirutyvis

Senaxva, sma-Wama, urmiT bargis zidva, geguTis SeSis mitana emarTaT. am

sofelSi 7 partaxti iyo, romelTa gamosaRebi 7 uremi Tiva, 7 gverdi

qeri, 7 saklavi da sxva danarCeni gadasaxadebi iyo. mebegre glexebi

iyvnen: TodaZe da surslaZeebi. is, rom geguTSi wyalTaSuelebs SeSis

mitana evalebodaT, gvafiqrebinebs, rom iq quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis

erT-erTi rezidencia _ `sasaxle~ arsebobda, romlis samsaxuri,

rogorc davTridan Cans, saquTaTlos ymebs evalebodaT.

15. Wolevi _ berZenaZeebs, baTlumesSvils da sulmamaisaSvils, sul 6

komls, saquTaTlod 78 koka Rvino (10-litriani), 6 saklavi (TiTo 20

TeTris) 36 TeTri, 6 naoTxali Romi, 10 qaTami, 30 kvercxi, savaWro

ZRveni marTebda. 3 komls emarTa `saTeTro Tevzi~. glexebi valdebulni

iyvnen, yovel kviras saydris samuSaoze gamosuliyvnen.

16. jvarisa _ quTaTelis 3 koml ymas _ ebauriZes, sirbilaZes, didbariZes

marTebdaT: 30 koka Rvino, 15 foxali Romi, saydris lursmani da gar-

daWeda.

17. rokiTi _ quTaTelis saymos Seadgenda sul: 7 komli aznauri, 3 komli

azati, 11 komli msaxuri, 48 komli mebegre glexi, 2 komli aznauris yma,

1 komli azatis yma, 1 komli jvrismtvirTvelis yma quTaTelis sa-

kuTreba iyo: 6 mebegris partaxti, 1 aznauris partaxti, 3 msaxuris par-

taxti. 7 koml TiToeul aznaurs marTebda: puris Wama, laSqroba da

TiTo TeTris yavris mitana quTaisSi. erT koml aznaurs 2 komli yma

hyavda. 3 koml azats marTebda: puris Wama, cxeniT samsaxuri, TiTo

TeTris yavris mitana quTaisSi. erT azats Tavisi yma hyavda. 11 koml

msaxurs unda gadaexada: 11 koka Rvino (10-litriani), 4 naoTxali Romi, 6

saklavi, 5 goWi, 6 qaTami, 3 cxvari. maT aseve evalebodaT puris Wama,

samsaxuri da laSqroba. 48 koml mebegres emarTa: 119 koka Rvino (14-

litriani), 76 naoTxali Romi, 40 uremi Romi, 1140 mklavi fetvi, 45

64

saklavi, 46 goWi, 46 qaTami, 37 litri yveli, Tevzi, kvercxi, 2 Zroxa, 2

cxvari. 1 komls 4 cxenis nal-lursmani marTebda. komlze dawesebuli

iyo TiTo yavris mitana quTaisSi. maTve evalebodaT tvirTis zidva da

sxva samuSaoebis Sesruleba. partaxtidan 1 aznauris iyo, romelsac

gadasaxdelad puris Wama edo. 3 komli msaxuris partaxtis gadasaxadi

Seadgenda 3 cxvars, 3 ZRvens da laSqars. 6 mebegris partaxtze gamo-

saRebi iyo 28 koka Rvino, 1 uremi Romi, 2 naoTxali Romi, 30 mklavi

fetvi, 1 saklavi, yveli, kvercxi, Tevzi. rokiTSi quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen:

aznaurebi: SermaZaSvilebi da kargareTelebi. glexebi: vaxtagisaiS-

vilebi, xarabaZeebi, xorbalaZeebi, dedabriSvilebi, xurciZeebi, gube-

laZeebi, TaflaZeebi, wiqvaZeebi, TedorgiaSvilebi, kopauriZeebi, mza-

reuliSvilebi, SalaberiZeebi, qvarianiZeebi, RaRatiSvilebi, viSnara-

Zeebi, iosebiSvilebi, cirikiZeebi, solomoniZeebi, cqeinaZeebi, zeniaS-

vilebi, mefariZeebi, nikolaiSvilebi, WumburiZeebi, nikolaZeebi, gog-

naZeebi, gabrielaSvilebi, mWedliZeebi, janeliZeebi, janiaSvilebi, jix-

vaZeebi, sirdaZeebi, sulamanisZeebi, basilaSvilebi, berZenaZeebi, geldax-

vaZeebi, doRurZeebi.

18. futieTi _ quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis ymebi giorgobianebi iyvnen, ro-

melTac puris Wama da cxeniT samsaxuri evalebodaT.

19. Subani _ quTaisis saepiskoposos saymo 2 koml azats, 6 koml msaxurs,

32 koml mebegres da 4 koml partaxts Seadgenda. azatebs xadilis puris

Wama, cxeniT samsaxuri, yavris mitana quTaisSi da saydris samsaxuri

emarTaT. garda amisa, 1 furbewi da 1 cxvari unda gadaexadaT. 32 komli

mebegris gadasaxadi Seadgenda: 903 koka Rvinos, 32 saklavs, 82 TeTrs,

640 kvercxs, 32 urem Roms, 30 sabels, aseve _ 32 TeTris yavris mitana

quTaisSi, tvirTis zidva da saydris muSaoba, xolo 1 komls saydris

samsaxuri emarTa. yvelas saTiTaod furbewi da cxvari unda gaeRo. par-

taxtebis gamosaRebi iyo: 103 koka Rvino, 3 saklavi (TiTo 12 TeTris), 4

uremi Romi, kvercxi, qaTami, yavris mitana da saydris muSaoba. SubanSi

quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen: grZeliZeebi, mWedliZeebi, minaZeebi, tantraZeebi,

bevriWaZeebi, wiqaraZeebi, faSquiZeebi, SaSeiZeebi, TaTeliSvilebi,

lomiZeebi, berymaZeebi.

20. xoni _ quTaTels 1 komli mebegre yrintaZe hyavda, romelsac 15 koka

Rvino (13-litriani), 1 uremi Romi, 2 saklavi (24 TeTris), 6 qaTami, 4

TeTri da muSaoba marTebda.

21. fersaTi _ quTaTels gadasaxads uxdida 1 komli aznauri, 5 komli

azati, 1 komli Sinayma, 16 komli msaxuri, 42 komli mebegre. mebegree-

bidan 2 komli dasaxlebul aznaurs ekuTvnoda, xolo 2 komli

jvrismtvirTvels. iyo 4 partaxti. aznaur giorgis (fersaTis mamasax-

liss) marTebda `kargi kacobiT puris Wama~. 5 koml azats 112 koka

Rvino (10-litriani), 4 komls yovel meore wels Zroxa, 1 komls yovel

weliwads Zroxa unda gadaexada. aseve yvelas kargi puris Wama da

cxeniT samsaxuri emarTa. 1 koml Sinaymas zuTxiT puris Wama da yoveli

dRis msaxureba edo begrad. 16 komli msaxuris gadasaxadi Seadgenda:

402 koka Rvinos, 14 saklavs (sul 168 TeTris), 14 urem Roms, 40 TeTrs, 14

qaTams, 185 kvercxs, 7 sabels, samsaxurs da muSaobas. 42 komli moina-

les, 4 komlis gamoklebiT, romlebic aznaurs da jvrismtvirTvels

ekuTvnodnen, gamosaRebis raodenoba iyo: 916 koka Rvino (10-litriani), 52

koka Rvino (14-litriani), 35 saklavi, 560 TeTri, 33 uremi Romi, 665 kver-

65

cxi, 32 qaTami, 33 sabeli. mebegreebs garda amisa saydrisTvis yovel dRe

muSaoba emarTaT da 3 komls yavari unda mietana. partaxtebis gadas-

axadi Seadgenda: 111 koka Rvinos, 8 saklavs, 4 TeTrs, 4 urem Roms, aseve

saydris samsaxuri. fersaTSi quTaTelis saymos ganekuTvnebodnen:

razmaZeebi, dolabarjiZeebi, WumburiZeebi, demetraZeebi, wiqaraZeebi,

TuTberiZeebi, endelaZeebi, RvaCitaZeebi, javraSvilebi, kovzaZeebi,

kikabiZeebi, xasaSvilebi, TvalaZeebi, lomiZeebi, arwiviZeebi, TaflaZeebi,

vaSaymaZeebi, kaxaberiZeebi, tantaraZeebi, axalaZeebi, oqromWedliSvilebi,

imanCitaZeebi, sirbilaZeebi, lixvitaSvilebi, TaTeiSvilebi.

22. WyeiSi _ 2 koml svaniZes da efremiSvils saquTaTlod emarTaT: erTs _

9 zuTxi da meores _ 21 TeTri, 30 koka Rvino da 2 naoTxali Romi.

23. korTxa _ 16 koml msaxurs saquTaTlod unda gadaexada: 216 koka Rvino,

15 uremi Romi, 33 naoTxali da 1 pina qeri, 15 naoTxali da 3 pina puri,

19 litra sanTeli, 36 kvercxi. korTxaSi quTaTelis saymos lomiZeebi

da wiqariZeebi Seadgendnen.

24. diantya _ saepiskoposo flobda 2 koml Sinaymas, 11 koml msaxurs, 7

koml mebegres da 6 partaxts. Sinaymebi valdebulni iyvnen, gadaexadaT

36 TeTri, 3 litra sanTeli, 10 koka Rvino, 4 naoTxali qeri, 2 naoTxali

puri, 5 kvercxi. aseve yovel dRe cxeniT samsaxuri evalebodaT.

msaxurebs emarTaT: 17 litra sanTeli da ZRveni, 132 TeTri, 36 koka

Rvino, 9 uremi Romi, 25 naoTxali qeri, 6 naoTxali da 1 pina puri, 39

kvercxi. mebegreebs unda gadaexadaT: 86 TeTri, 7 litra sanTeli, 5

litra matyli, 31 naoTxali ifqli, 5 Careqi marili, 11 puri, 4 litra

yveli, 17 kvercxi. mebegreebs meulayeobac marTebdaT. partaxtebis

gadasaxadi 72 TeTrs, 6 litr sanTels, 3 urem Roms, 40 koka Rvinos, 20

naoTxal qers da 5 naoTxal purs Seadgenda. diantyaSi saquTaTlo

glexebi iyvnen: TaflaZeebi, jeraSvilebi, TaTeiSvilebi, TedosaiS-

vilebi, xinikiZeebi, cxadiaSvilebi, lomiZeebi, gorgaZeebi, koxoZeebi,

grZeliZeebi.

25. pitnisxevi _ saquTaTlod iyo 4 komli msaxuri da 1 partaxti. maT emar-

TaT: 17 litra sanTeli, 8 naoTxali ifqli, 2 ZRveni. gubs qvemoT,

korTxiswyals (koriswyali) gamoRma quTaTels ekuTvnoda 2 komli

azati, 2 komli msaxuri, 6 komli mebegre, 3 partaxti. azatebs cxeniT

samsaxuri, puris Wama da TiTo litra sanTeli marTebdaT. msaxurebis

gadasaxadi iyo: xelosnobiT samsaxuri, saydris fini, TiTo litra

sanTeli da puris Wama. mebegre glexebs unda gadaexadaT: 92 TeTri, 6

litra sanTeli, 6 litri matyli, 30 naoTxali ifqli, 4 litri marili,

10 puri. maT aseve meulayeoba marTebdaT. saquTaTlo glexebi iyvnen:

dograSvilebi, gugunberiZeebi, mamiaSvilebi, grZeliZeebi, TaTeliS-

vilebi, endelaZeebi.

26. xolaskuri _ saquTaTlod 7 komli mebegre glexi iyo. maT emarTaT: 111

TeTri, 36 naoTxali ifqli, 8 litra sanTeli, 6 naoTxali qeri, 6

litra matyli, 19 kvercxi, 17 puri, 3 litra marili, 1 Careqi marili da

meulayeoba. quTaTelis saymos xolaskurSi koxoZeebi da gorgoZeebi

Seadgendnen.

27. alismere _ 7 koml mebegres saquTaTlod marTebdaT: 132 TeTri, 7

litra sanTeli, 6 litra matyli, 48 naoTxali ifqli, 453 puri, 6 litra

marili, 12 kvercxi, 1 litra erbo da meulayeoba. alismereSi quTaTelis

66

28. jvarisa _ quTaTels 3 koml mebegre glexi hyavda, romelTac 49 TeTri,

60 koka Rvino, 4 naoTxali Romi emarTaT. 1 partaxtis, gamosaRebi

Seadgenda 21 TeTrs, 30 koka Rvinos (aTianiT) da 2 naoTxal Roms.

29. alisubani _ aq quTaTels 1 komli msaxuri ToTlaZe da 1 partaxti

ekuTvnoda. msaxurs unda gadaexada: 1 saklavi, 10 koka Rvino (aTianiT), 4

sakabelo ifqli da ZRveni. partaxtis gamosaRebi aseTive iyo.

30. mujireTubani _ am sofelSi saepiskoposos 9 partaxti ekuTvnoda. par-

taxtebis gamosaRebi alisubanSi msaxuris gamosaRebs emTxveoda. mu-

jireTubanSi quTaTelis ymebi iyvnen: arjevaniZeebi da kapanaZeebi.

31. baxvi _ (guriaSi) sofel baxvSi da zogierT mis mimdgom sofelSi qu-

TaTel mTavarepiskoposs ekuTvnoda 59 komli mebegre da 5 partaxti,

romelTa gamosaRebi Seadgenda: 497 CiTaxuri, 48 saklavi, 48 fsomiare

Romi, 240 sawyavi Rvino, 310 sawyavi Rvino. baxvSi quTaTelis saymos

ekuTvnodnen: andRulaZeebi, uSaZeebi, baramiZeebi, qiqoZeebi, mWedliZeebi,

maxaraZeebi, doliZeebi, mxeiZeebi, jinWaraSvilebi [103, 11-18. 42, 279-341].

1578 wels quTaisis saydris gamosaRebi davTris mixedviT, quTaisis sa-

episkoposos yovelwliurad daaxloebiT Semdegi raodenobis Semosavali Se-

moudioda: fuladi Tanxa _ 2140 TeTri; Rvino _ 26 koka (8-litriani), 1970 koka

(9-litriani), 688 koka (10-litriani), 760 koka (12-litriani), 15 koka (13-litriani),

1796 koka (14-litriani), Cveulebrivi 2017 koka (araa naCvenebi ramdenlitriani);

Romi _ 201 uremi, 271 naoTxali, 5 sawyavi, 15 foxali, fetvi _ 1320 mklavi, qeri _

92 naoTxali, 10 gverdi da 1 pina mWadi _ 870 xeli; puri _ 28 naoTxali, 4 pina,

73 puri, ifqli _ 155 naoTxali, 44 sakabelo; saklavi _ 250, sul _ 3038 TeTris;

qaTami _ 520, kvercxi _ 3041; sanTeli _ 110 litra; Zroxa _ 46, cxvari _ 47. 86

komlis puris Wama marTebda. naturaluri gamosaRebi Tanxaze gadayvaniT daax-

loebiT 22500 TeTrs Seadgenda [103, 19-20].

quTaisis eparqiis Rvinisa da marcvleulis Semosavals Tu Tanamedrove

metrologiiT daviangariSebT, Semdeg raodenobas miviRebT: Rvinis saerTo

raodenoba, Tu saSualod 10-litriani kokiT viangariSebT, gamova 8115 koka, rac

81252 litrs anu TiTqmis 81,3 tona Rvinos Seadgens [103, 18].

Romi _ 201 uremi. im dros 1 uremi 108 kg-s udrida [166,118] da daaxloebiT

3620 kg gamodis. 271 naoTxali Romi, rodesac naoTxali 4,5 kg-s utoldeboda,

gamodioda daaxloebiT 1220 kg. 15 foxali Romi miaxloebiT 103 kg-s aRwevda. 1

foxali 7,5 kg-s udrida [166, 121]. Romis saerTo raodenoba 4940 kg-ze cota meti,

daaxloebiT 5 tona iyo.

qeri _ 92 naoTxali, rac 414 kg-s aRwevda. im dros, roca 1 gverdi udrida

9 kg-s [166, 85], 10 gverdi qeri gamodioda 90 kg. 1 pina qeri utoldeboda 7 kg-s.

sul qeris gamosaRebi 500 kg-s aRwevda. xorblis gadasaxadi 900 kg-s Seadgenda.

guriaSi sofeli baxvis gamosaRebi Seadgenda: 497 CiTaxurs, romelic fu-

ladi gadasaxadi iyo [102, 224], 1440 kg anu tonanaxevramde Roms da 10 tonamde

Rvinos.

quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze garkveul

warmodgenas gviqmnis 1762 wlis 4 aprilis quTaisis saydris gamosavali begris

davTari, romelic quTaTelma mitropolitma maqsime abaSiZem daadgina. davTris

mixedviT zegardlis wminda giorgis eklesiisadmi Sewiruli mamulis Semosav-

lis naxevari eklesias da naxevari _ sofels ekuTvnoda. Zeluxis xatis mamulis

67

gamosaRebis naxevari saepiskoposos ekuTvnoda, xolo meore naxevari sofels,

gadasaxadis ganawileba vinme papunas, albaT quTaTelis mouravs evaleboda.

romneTis mamulis gamosavlis naxevari saydris iyo, meore naxevari ki soflis.

wminda elerikis saydris begara, 12 koka Rvino, oqropiraSvils yovelwliurad

unda gadaexada. am sofelSi saepiskoposos sxva mamulebis gamosaRebis naxevari

quTaTels ekuTvnoda, xolo meore naxevari ki sofels. gaRma uxuTs wminda

kvirikes saydris mamulidan, romelic am soflis mkvidrT unda daemuSavebinaT,

moweuli mosavlis naxevari sofels rCeboda, meore naxevari taZrisTvis iyo

gadadebuli. kercxeTis mTavarangelozis saydris mamulis gamosaRebic aseve iyo

dadebuli.

zegardlis saydris mebegreebs _ zurciZes, xelaZes da ruxvaZes gamosaRe-

bis garda, yovelwliurad evalebodaT TiTo marCilis gaReba. kercxeTis say-

dris misarTmevi Rvino 40 kokas Seadgenda, xolo fuladi Tanxa komlze mar-

Cilnaxevari iyo. koberaulis wminda kvirikes saydris ymas, xatis Rvinis daxar-

jvisaTvis, eklesiis barZim-feSxumiT gawyoba daevala. vinme babiCiZes saydris

Rvino 40 koka unda gaeyida da Tanxa saydrisTvis unda mierTmia [42, 847-848].

XVIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi quTaisis saepiskoposom osmalTa Semosevebis

gamo didi ziani ganicada. eparqiis kuTvnili yma-mamulidan zogi osmalebma mii-

taces, didi nawili imereTis saero feodalebma daisakuTres. amis gamo sa-

episkoposo droebiT moiSala da mis sameurneo-ekonomikur mdgomareobas didi

zarali miadga. magram 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma saepiskoposo kaT-

edra aRadgina da quTaTel mitropolitad maqsime abaSiZe dasva. 1773 wlis 9

ianvars Sewirulobis wigniT, mefem quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesias yvela misi

yma-mamuli, romelic Zveli, 1578 wlis davTris mixedviT ekuTvnoda, kvlavac

daumtkica.

am Sewirulobis wigniT solomon I quTaisis RvTismSoblis eklesias

ubrunebs: quTaisis mamuls iq mosaxle glexebiTurT, axalsofels mTlianad,

zemo qutiris eklesiis kuTvnil mamuls da glexebs, qvemo qutiris mamuls da

glexebs, oSiSis yma-mamuls, CuneSis mamuls da glexobas, ofskÂjis yma-mamuls,

patrikeTis taZris kuTvnil miwas da glexobas, bakisubnis, geguTis, baSis,

mesxeTis, wyalTaSuas, Wolevis saeklesio mamuls da glexobas. rokiTi, Subani,

fersaTi, korTxa, antya, Rvinisxevi, xolaskuri, alismereTi _ es soflebi

mTlianad quTaTels daubrunda. xonSi, jvarisSi, alisubanSi, mujireTSi, bere-

TisaSi, WyviSSi, gurias sofel baxvSi da raWis sofel futieTSi quTaisis

eparqiis kuTvnili mamuli da glexoba isev saepiskoposos gadaeca. zeganSi, ro-

melic samefo sofeli iyo, quTaTels 2 komli glexi: koxoZe da gorgoZe

ekuTvnoda [21, 129-132].

quTaisis saepiskoposos sameurneo-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Seswavlisas

uaRresad mniSvnelovania imereTSi ruseTis saeklesio mmarTvelobis mier 1819

wels ganxorcielebuli saeklesio aRwera, sadac naCvenebia, Tu ra raodenobis

yma-mamuls flobdnen imereTSi arsebuli eparqiebi da monastrebi. aRniSnuli

aRwera iZleva 1819 wlis da ufro adreuli xanis suraTs. aRweridan irkveva,

rom 1819 wlamde arsebuli dabegvra iyo naturiT da fuliTac, xolo rusuli

saeklesio mmarTvelobis mier ganxorcielebuli saeklesio reformis Semdeg

seklesio gadasaxadebis erTgvari unifikacia momxdara fulze gadataniT da,

amasTan, gadasaxadebic gaudidebiaT. aRweris nusxebis xasiaTi amtkicebs, rom

imereTis 1819 wlis saeklesio aRwerisas ruseTis saxelisuflo da saeklesio

wreebs usargebliaT qarTuli saeklesio sabegro gamosaRebis masalebiT. sa-

68

zogadod, am wlis rusuli nusxa warmogvidgens winaT arsebuli begrebis su-

raTs [102, 58-59].

am kameraluri aRweris mixedviT quTaisis saepiskoposos 1819 wlisTvis yma-

mamuli Semdeg soflebSi gaaCnda:

1. zemo mesxeTi _ iyo 12 komli, romelTac 15,5 qceva venaxi da 30,5 qceva

saxnavi miwa hqondaT. Rvinis mosavali 653 Cafs Seadgenda. gamosaRebi

iyo: 160 Cafi Rvino, 96 foxali Romi, 360 kapiki. 1819 wlidan es gadas-

axadi mTlianad fuladi gaxda _ 60 maneTi vercxliT weliwadSi.

2. qvemo mesxeTi _ aq 4 komls 4 qceva venaxi da 21,5 qceva saxnavi miwa

hqonda. Rvinis mosavali 260 Cafs Seadgenda. gadasaxadi iyo: 48 Cafi

Rvino, 12 baTmani Romi, 5 qaTami, 52 kapiki. 1819 wlidan naturaluri

gadasaxadi Seicvala da mebegreebs daekisraT 60 maneTi vercxliT.

3. zemo qvitiri _ 7 komls 5 qceva venaxi da 37 qceva saxnavi miwa hqondaT.

venaxebis mosavali 480 Caf Rvinos Seadgenda. gadasaxadi iyo: 4 girvanqa

sanTeli, yovel mesame wels 18 girvanqa sanTeli, 3 baTmani Romi, 17 Cafi

Rvino, 4 qaTami, 1819 wlidan maT mTlianad daekisraT 28 maneTi

vercxliT.

4. bakisubani _ 11 komls 40 qceva saxnavi miwa da 4,5 qceva venaxi hqondaT.

Rvinis mosavali 390 Cafs Seadgenda. gadasaxadi iyo: 20 Cafi Rvino, 10

foxali Romi, 110 kapiki. 1819 wlidan mebegreTa saerTo gadasaxadi 50

vercxlis maneTiT ganesazRvraT.

5. patrikeTi _ 4 komls 4 qceva venaxi da 21 qceva saxnavi miwa hqondaT. mo-

savali Seadgenda: Rvino _ 230 Cafi, xolo gadasaxdeli iyo 80 Cafi

Rvino, 9 kodi Romi, 7 qaTami, 104 kapiki. 1819 wlidan ki fuliT _ 30

maneTi vercxliT.

6. fersaTi _ 6 komli, romlebic eklesiis savenaxe miwiT, tyiT da sxva mi-

webiT sargeblobdnen. saxnavi miwa saxazino hqodaT, risTvisac isini

Ralas ixdidnen. venaxebis mosavali 1100 Caf Rvinos Seadgenda. garda

amisa, calke 4 qceva venaxis mosavali _ 160 Cafi Rvino quTaTel mitro-

polits ekuTvnoda. gadasaxadi iyo: 55 Cafi Rvino, 40 kapiki. 1819 wlidan

ki fuliT _ 36 maneTi vercxliT.

7. sademetreo _ aq 9 komls hqonda 36 qceva venaxi, saidanac 1695 Cafi

Rvino moudiodaT. isini saeklesio tyiT da 120 qcevamde saxnav-saTesad

uvargisi miwiTac sargeblobdnen. saxazino saxnavi miwisaTvis Ralas

ixdidnen. 2 qceva venaxis mosavali _ 60 Cafi Rvino quTaTel mitro-

polits ekuTvnoda. sul gadasaxadi iyo: 134 Cafi Rvino da 234 kapiki. 2

komls mitropolitisaTvis 60 Cafi Rvino da 6 girvanqa sanTeli unda

mierTmia. 1819 wlidan gadasaxadi 56 vercxlis maneTis odenobiT unda

gadaexadaT.

8. alismere _ aq 12 komli 17 qceva venaxs da 43 qceva saxnav miwas

amuSavebda. venaxis mosavali 930 Caf Rvinos Seadgenda. gadasaxdeli iyo:

26 kapiki mTlianad. mTeli sofeli 1 Zroxas ixdida. 1819 wlidan ki es

gadasaxadi fuliT Seadgenda 18 maneTs vercxliT.

9. xolaskuri _ 6 komli amuSavebda 8 qceva venaxs, romlis gadasaxadi

Seadgenda: 34 kapiki mTlianad da yovelwliurad 1 Zroxa. 1819 wlidan ki

gamosaRebi 9 vercxlis maneTi iyo.

10. zekari _ 8 komls 7,5 qceva venaxi gaaCnda, romlis mosavali 234 Caf Rvi-

nos Sedgenda. maTi gadasaxadi iyo: 76 kapiki mTlianad da 1 Zroxa

yovelwliurad. 1819 wlidan ki 12 maneTi daekisraT.

69

11. nebiereTi (zegani) _ 19 komls 33 qceva venaxi da 57 qceva saxnavi miwa

gaaCnda. venaxebis mosavali 2360 Cafi Rvino iyo. gadasaxdeli iyo: 3,5

girvanqa sanTeli da 42 kapiki. garda amisa, glexebs eklesiisTvis

sadurglo samuSaoebis ufasod Sesrulebac evalebodaT. 1819 wlidan

saerTo yovelwliuri gadasaxadi 57 maneTiT ganisazRvra.

12. obCa _ 21 komli 26 qceva venaxs da 72 qceva saxnav miwas amuSavebda.

Rvinis mosavali 1420 Cafi Rvino iyo. gamosaRebi Sedgenda: Rvino _ 20

Cafi, Romi _ 18 foxali, marili _ 7 girvanqa, puri _ 14 baTmani, 168,5

kapiki.

13. dimi _ 1 komli 1 qceva venaxiT da 4 qceva saxnavi miwiT. venaxis mo-

savali 40 Cafi Rvino. begaras ar ixdida, xolo 1819 wlidan daedo 6

kapiki.

14. mujireTi _ 2 komls gaaCnda 5 qceva venaxi, romlis mosavali 200 Caf

Rvinos aRwevda. isini 17 qceva saxnav miwas amuSavebdnen. maTi gadasaxadi

Seadgenda 16 Caf Rvinos, 16 baTman purs, 1 maneTs, yovel 2 weliwadSi 1

cxvars. 1819 wlidan maT yovelwliurad 20 maneTis gadaxda daevalaT.

15. Cxari _ 7 komls 6,5 qceva venaxi gaaCnda, romlis mosavali 404 Caf Rvi-

nos Seadgenda. isini 22 qceva saxnavi miwiTac sargeblobdnen. maTi

gadasaxadi iyo: 124 Cafi Rvino, 123 baTmani puri, 12 qaTami, 80 kapiki. 1819

wlidan maT yovelwliurad 45 maneTis gadaxda daekisraT.

16. eweri _ aq 2 komls 1,5 qceva venaxi, romlis mosavali 240 Cafi Rvino

iyo, da 7 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda. gadasaxdeli iyo: 4 girvanqa

sanTeli, 24 baTmani puri, 1 cxvari da 1 maneTi. 1819 wlidan daekisraT 24

maneTi.

17. navenaxari _ 2 komls 1,5 qceva venaxi hqonda, romlis mosavali 40 Cafi

Rvino iyo da 6 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCnda. begaras ar ixdidnen. dResas-

waulebze erTs ZRvenis mirTmeva evaleboda, meore _ ojaxis ufrosi,

mitropolitTan mzareulad iyo. 1819 wlidan maT yovelwliurad 24

maneTis gadaxda daevalaT.

18. bueTi _ aq 9 komls 10 qceva venaxi da 19 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda. ve-

naxebidan mosavali 305 Caf Rvinos Seadgenda. maTi gadasaxadi iyo: Rvino

_ 37 Cafi, puri _ 108 baTmani, 1 cxvari da 225 kapiki. 1819 wlidan maT 36

maneTi daekisraT.

19. sawire _ 22 komls 10,5 qceva venaxi, romlis mosavali 780 Caf Rvinos

aRwevda, da 50 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda. gamosaRebi iyo: 63 girvanqa

sanTeli, 9 baTmani Romi, 1 cxvari da 1105 kapiki. amis magivrad 1819 wli-

dan yvelas erTad 88 maneTi daekisra.

20. osomira _ 6 komls 5,5 qceva venaxi da 11 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda,

romlis mosavali 106 Cafi Rvino iyo. gamosaRebi Seadgenda: 16 Caf Rvi-

nos, 3 baTman purs da 213 kapiks. 1819 wlidan amis magivrad yvelas er-

Tad 24 maneTi daekisra.

21. jvarisa _ 1 komls 3 qceva venaxi da 10 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda, venaxis

mosavali 120 Caf Rvinos aRwevda. gadasaxadi Seadgenda 4 girvanqa

sanTels. 1819 wlidan weliwadSi 4 maneTi daekisra.

22. sormoni _ 8 komls 8 qceva venaxi da 48 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda, rom-

lis mosavali 1600 Cafi Rvino iyo. gamosaRebi Seadgenda: 6 girvanqa

sanTels, 128 Caf Rvinos, 11 baTman Roms, 4 cxvars da 260 kapiks. 1819

wlidan amis magivrad yvelas erTad 32 maneTi daekisra.

70

23. Wolevi _ 2 komls 4 qceva venaxi da 10 qceva saxnavi miwa hqonda, rom-

lis mosavali 200 Cafi Rvino iyo. gamosaRebs ar ixdidnen, mxolod mi-

tropolitis da misi amalis gamaspinZleba marTebdaT. 1819 wlidan amaT

4 maneTis gadaxda daekisraT.

garda amisa, qalaq quTaisSi 7 komli saxazino aznauri quTaisis eklesias

yovelwliurad 175 kapiks uxdida, xolo 4 komli saxazino glexi 100 kapiks.

sofel WalaSi 1 koml aznaurs 25 kapiki unda gadaexada, xolo 2 koml glexs 50

kapiki. quTaisis eklesias qalaq CxarSi somxebis 5 komli ekuTvnoda, romelTac

20 girvanqa sanTeli unda gadaexadaT, xolo 1819 wlidan maT 20 maneTis gadaxda

daekisraT.

quTaisis saepiskoposos Tavis daqvemdebarebaSi aznaurebic hyavda. maTgan

zogierTni yma-glexebs flobdnen: zemo qvitiri _ 1 komli aznauri (mas 11 komli

glexi hyavda). Sua qvitiri _ 2 komli (3 komli glexi), qvemo qvitiri _ 5 komli

(3 komli glexi), zemo mesxeTi _ 2 komli (1 komli glexi), bakisubani _ 1 komli,

geguTi _ 1 komli (1 komli glexi), rokiTi _ 5 komli (8 komli glexi), fersaTi

_ 18 komli (24 komli glexi), baRdaTi _ 2 komli, obCa _ 4 komli (2 komli

glexi), jvarisa _ 2 komli (4 komli glexi), mujireTi _ 1 komli (1 komli

glexi), quTaisis eparqiis saeklesio aznaurebs gadasaxadebis gadaxda eklesiis

sasargeblod ar marTebdaT [102, 69-88].

gamomdinare aqedan, XIX saukunis dasawyisisTvis, sanam rusuli mmarT-

veloba imereTSi axal saeklesio gadasaxadebs daawesebda, quTaisis saepiskopo-

sos Tavisi zemoT aRniSnuli saeklesio ymebidan daaxloebiT Semdegi raodeno-

bis Semosavali Semosdioda: Rvino _ 997 Cafi; 1 Cafi XIX saukunis dasawyisSi 9,2

litrs udrida [166, 125]. 997 Cafi daaxloebiT 9200 litri anu 9,2 tona Rvino

iyo. Romi _ 124 foxali, 1 kodi da 38 baTmani, rac sul 1000 kg-s utoldeboda.

fuladi gadasaxadi mTlianad 12830 kapiks aRwevda. aseve 3 Zroxa, 9 cxvari, 107

girvanqa sanTeli, 28 qaTami, marili da sxva gadasaxadi saquTaTlod yovelwli-

urad iyo gankuTvnili.

saepiskoposos qonebrivi mdgomareoba XIX saukunis dasawyisSi, XVI sau-

kunesTan SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad iyo Semcirebuli, rac gamowveuli iyo im

ZnelbedobiT, romelic dasavleT saqarTvelom gamoiara am sami saukunis man-

Zilze.

quTaTel mitropolits Tavisi yma-mamuli vake imereTSi, anu maSindeli

rusuli dayofiT vakis olqSic hyavda:

1. ivandidi _ 3 komls 35 qceva saxnavi miwa da 3 qceva venaxi gaaCnda,

romlis mosavali 60 koka Rvino iyo. 1819 wlidan maT gadasaxadis saxiT

12 maneTi daekisraT.

2. gvazauri _ 3 koml aznaurs 180 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCnda da eklesiis

sasargeblod gadasaxadis gadaxda ar evaleboda. am sofelSi 2 koml

saquTaTlo glexs 2 qceva venaxi da 15 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCnda. maT

1819 wels gadasaxdelad 4 maneTis gaReba daekisraT.

3. maTxonji _ aq 1 koml aznaurs 2 qceva venaxi da 12 qceva saxnavi miwa

hqonda. aznauri eklesiis sasargeblod gadasaxads ar ixdida. garda

amisa, am sofelSi quTaTels 28 komli glexi hyavda, romelTac 253 qceva

saxnavi miwa da 79 qceva venaxi gaaCndaT. venaxebis mosavali iyo 978 koka

Rvino. maT unda gadaexadaT: Rvino, Romi, sanTeli, qaTami da wvrilfexa

saklavi. evalebodaT mitropolitis gamaspinZleba da mouravisTvis

calke gadasaxadis gadaxda. es gamosaRebi Tanxaze gadayvaniT komlze 3-

4 maneTs Seadgenda, sul _ 94 maneTs. 1819 wlidan ki am glexebs sul 168

71

maneTis gadaxda daevalaT. garda amisa, partaxtebSi ikrifeboda maR-

lari venaxi da Rvino eklesias mierTmeoda.

4. vani _ aq quTaTelis erTi komli aznauri cxovrobda, romelsac 4

komli glexi hyavda. aznauri 5 qceva venaxs da 3 qceva saxnav miwas

flobda. misi ymebi 7 qceva venaxs da 17 qceva saxnav miwas amuSavebdnen.

aznaurs ymebi nayidi hyavda da amitom eklesiis sasargeblod isini

gadasaxads ar ixdidnen. amave sofelSi 2 komli saquTaTlo glexi sax-

lobda, romelTac 6 qceva venaxi da 13 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCndaT. ve-

naxis mosavali 100 koka Rvinos Seadgenda. 1819 wlidan maT weliwadSi

mTlianad 4 maneTi unda gadaexadaT.

5. baSi _ am sofelSi saquTaTlo aznaurebis raodenoba 8 komls

Seadgenda, romelTac sul 4 komli yma-glexi hyadaT. aznaurebs sul 8,5

qceva venaxi da 148 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCndaT. saeklesio miwa maT gank-

argulebaSi iyo 388 qceva tyesTan erTad. eklesiisTvis aznaurebs gadas-

axadis gadaxda ar marTebdaT. baSSi quTaTelis kuTvnili 27 komli

glexi cxovrobda, romelTac 23 qceva venaxi da 127 qceva saxnavi miwa

hqondaT. venaxebis mosavali 381 koka Rvino iyo. garda amisa, aq sami

mRvdeli cxovrobda (glexebi, quTaTelis ymebi). maT 3,5 qceva venaxi da

37 qceva saxnavi miwa hqondaT. venaxis mosavali 72 koka Rvino iyo.

glexebs (garda mRvdlebisa) gadasaxadi RviniT, puriT, sanTeliT da

frinveliT marTebdaT, rac Tanxaze gadayvaniT 90 maneTs Seadgenda. 1819

wlidan yvela komls, mRvdlebis CaTvliT 150 maneTis gadaxda daekisra.

6. farcxanayanevi _ aq 2 komli saquTaTlo aznauri cxovrobda. maTgan

erTi, daviT diasamiZe, mxatvari iyo. aznaurebs 9 komli glexi hyavdaT,

7,5 qceva venaxi da 26 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCndaT. aznaurebis gankar-

gulebaSi iyo dosiTeos quTaTelis mier gadacemuli 90 qceva miwa,

romliTac isini faqtiurad ar sargeblobdnen. saeklesio gadasaxads

aznaurebi da maTi ymebi ar ixdidnen. farcxanayanevSi 9 komli saqu-

TaTlo glexi cxovrobda, romelTac 11 qceva venaxis da 50 qceva saxnavi

miwis gadasaxadi RviniT da RomiT unda gadaexadaT, rac Tanxaze gaday-

vaniT 8 maneTs Seadgenda. 1819 wlidan 24 maneTi daekisraT.

7. maRlaki _ saquTaTlo glexebis raodenoba 26 komls Seadgenda, romel-

Tac 19,5 qceva venaxi da 146 qceva saxnavi miwa gaaCndaT. venaxebis mo-

savali 262 koka Rvino iyo. gadasaxads RviniT, puriT, RomiT ixdidnen,

rac daaxloebiT 70 maneTs safasurs Seadgenda. 1819 wlidan mTlianad

104 maneTi daekisraT. amave sofelSi 6 komli saquTaTlo aznauri cxov-

robda, romelTagan 4 koml aznaurs 4 komli yma hyavda. aznaurebi

flobdnen 11 qceva venaxs da 172 qceva saxnav miwas. venaxebis mosavali

282 koka Rvino iyo. erT aznaurs sargeblobaSi 80 qceva saxnavi miwa

hqonda gadacemuli. eklesiis gadasaxadis gadaxda maT ar emarTaT.

8. xomuri _ aq 1 koml glexs 1,5 qceva venaxi da 2 qceva miwa gaaCnda. 1819

wlidan 1 maneTis odenobiT daekisra gadasaxadi [102, 91-93].

saquTaTloSi da sagenaTloSi ganwesebuli iyo yovel mesame wels: `mar-

Cili mRvdelsa da ori rubi mTavarsa. sxvas ramdeni saydari sofelSid iyos Tu

moicalos, TviTon mTavarepiskopozman Camoiaros da swiros, Torem dekanozi

jvarTmtvirTebeli da mis magier kaci gamogzavnos da awirvinos, sawiravi kvam-

lis (komlis) Tavs TiTo Sauri an TiTo Sauris puri iyos; Tu Romi mierT-

meodes, dekanozsa da jvarTmtvirTvelsa misi marTebuli sasjulo da sakanono

saqme yovel wels moikiTxodes~ [181, 142].

72

1814 wels, dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos gauqmebis Semdeg, sa-

kaTalikosos yma-mamuli quTaTeli mitropolitis gamgeblobaSi gadavida. 1819

wlisTvis marto raWaSi quTaisis kaTedrals ekuTvnoda 111 komli 429

mcxovrebliT. gamosaRebis raodenoba 445 maneTs Seadgenda. quTaTeli mitro-

polits sofel krixSi venaxic gaaCnda [70, 149].

1819 wlisTvis quTaisis eparqiaSi 52 sofeli iricxeboda, sadac cxovrobda:

146 komli saxazino glexi, 170 komli saeklesio glexi, 1282 komli sabatono

glexi, sul _ 1596 komli. saepiskoposos teritoriaze 72 eklesia moqmedebda.

did soflebSi ramdenime eklesia idga. quTaTel mitropolits mravali

sasuliero piri eqvemdebareboda [197, 58].

1820 wels saqarTvelos egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovi mTavarmarTeblis

moadgile veliaminovisadmi gagzavnil werilSi sagangebod iTxovda, rom pirvel

rigSi enaxaT quTaTel mitropolit dosiTeosTan Senaxuli dasavleT saqarT-

velos wina kaTalikosebis simdidre da am mdidari salaros aRweris xelnaweri

piri moeZiaT [170, 575].

rogorc vxedavT, quTaisis saepiskoposo Tavisi yma-mamuliT umsxviles

saeklesio seniorias warmoadgenda. aseTi vrceli sameurneo-ekonomikuri

erTeulis samarTavad quTaTel mTavarepiskoposebs sagangebo moxeleTa mraval-

ricxovani Static emsaxureboda. rogorc sxva mTavarepiskoposebs, quTaTelsac

sakuTari saxlTxucesi eyoleboda, romlis movaleobas sakuTriv saquTaTlo

meurneobis marTva-gamgeoba Seadgenda. samwuxarod, quTaTelTa saxlTxucesebze

cnobebi saistorio wyaroebSi ver moviZieT. saxlTxucesis xelqveiTebi

mouravebi iyvnen. isini saqarTvelos yovel did sofelSi isxdnen. mouravs

saeklesio gadasaxadis akrefaSi an sxva sakiTxebis gadaWraSi misi TanaSemwe

xelosani exmareboda. mniSvnelovani adgili eqneboda mikuTvnebuli

qorepiskopossac, romlis ufleba-movaleobani `didi sjulis kanoniT~ iyo gan-

sazRvruli.

daskvna

quTaisis saepiskoposo IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze, egris-afxazeTSi konstan-

tine III-is (893-922 ww.) mefobis xanaSi daarsda, daaxloebiT erTi saukuniT adre,

vidre bagrat III (978-1014 ww.) quTaisSi Zveli taZris adgilas axal,

RvTismSoblis kaTedrals sazeimod akurTxebda 1003 wels. swored amitom `mati-

ane qarTlisaÁ~-s avtorma sagangebod ar aRniSna quTaisSi axali kaTedraluri

taZris agebisa da saepiskoposos daarsebis Sesaxeb. egris-afxazeTis samefos

dedaqalaqSi IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze qarTuli saepiskoposo kaTedris daarseba da

konstantinepolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebuli fazisis, rodopolisis da

73

petras saeklesio kaTedrebis quTaisis saepiskoposoTi mocvla savsebiT realurad

gveCveneba.

Tavdapirvelad quTaisis saepiskoposos sawysoSi mTeli istoriuli

imereTi, guria, dandalos qvemo aWara da raWa Sevida. XV saukunis Sua xanebSi,

guriaSi Semoqmedis, jumaTis da xinos saepiskoposoebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg,

quTaisis eparqias guria da qvemo aWara CamoSorda. 1529-1544 wlebSi quTaisis sa-

episkoposos teritoriaze axladaSenebuli gelaTis, xonis da nikorwmindis sa-

episkoposoebi daarsda. amis Semdeg quTaisis saepiskoposoSi mis gauqmebamde

(1821 w.) imereTis udidesi nawili Sedioda, vake imereTis, okribisa da argveTis

erTi nawilis gamoklebiT.

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi Tavidanve did rols asrulebdnen erTiani

saqarTvelos da Semdeg _ dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebis saekle-

sio da politikur-kulturul cxovrebaSi. quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis sapatio

movaleobas mefed kurTxevisas momavali monarqisaTvis Tavze gvirgvinis dadgma

Seadgenda. quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposi mefis `mesaflave~, anu mefis saflavze

mwirveli iyo. mis movaleobas samefo skiptris Senaxvac Seadgenda.

naSromSi dadgenili gvaqvs 27 quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposis vinaoba da

zeobis TariRi, romlebic XI saukunidan XIX saukunis 10-iani wlebis CaTvliT

moRvaweobdnen. samwuxarod, es qronologiuri sia sruli ar aris, radgan sais-

torio werilobiTi wyaroebi ar iZleva yvela quTaTeli mRvdelmTavris vinao-

bisa da maTi zeobis wlebis dadgenis saSualebas.

quTaTeli mTavarepiskoposebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen erTiani qarTuli

samefos, Semdeg ki imereTis samefos politikur cxovrebaSi. maT Soris saero

cxovrebaSi aqtiurobiT gamoirCeodnen quTaTeli anton II (saRirisZe), quTaTeli

svimon II (CxeiZe), quTaTeli svimon III (CxeiZe), quTaTeli timoTe (gabaSvili), qu-

TaTeli maqsime (abaSiZe) da quTaTeli dosiTeosi (wereTeli).

quTaisis saepiskoposo dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erT udides feodalur

seniorias warmoadgenda. am senioriis Sesaxeb werilobiTi wyaroebi mxolod

XVI saukunis II naxevridan mogvepoveba. 1578 wlis `quTaisis saydris gamosavali

begris~ monacemebis mixedviT quTaisis eparqiis mniSvnelovani qonebrivi

SesaZlebloba gaaCnda. Tumca dasavleT saqarTveloSi Semdgom arsebulma Sida-

feodalurma aSlilobam da osmaleTis agresiam quTaisis saepiskoposos

sameurneo-ekonomiur cxovrebaze uaryofiTad imoqmeda. XIX saukunis dasawy-

isisTvis am eparqiis qonebrivi mdgomareoba winandelTan SedarebiT mniSvnelov-

nad iyo Semcirebuli.

G

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura:

1. agaTia sqolastikosi, georgika, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarT-

velos Sesaxeb, berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da

SeniSvnebi daurTo s. yauxCiSvilma, III, tfilisis universitetis gamom-

cemloba, Tb., 1936. gv. 23-187.

2. avaliSvili giorgi, mgzavroba Tbilisidan ierusalimamde, teqsti gamo-

sacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo e. me-

trevelma, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1967.

3. aTonis iverTa monastris 1074 wlis xelnawerTa aRapebi, saiubileo ga-

mocema saeklesio muzeumisa, tf., 1901.

74

4. aleqsi ievlevis 1650-1652 wlebis imereTis elCobis saangariSo aRweri-

loba, rusuli teqsti xelnawerebis mimoxilviT da qarTuli TargmaniT

gamosacemad moamzada i. cincaZem, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1969.

5. axali qarTlis cxovreba, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela

ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. II, `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1959.

6. bagrationi vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, qarTlis cxovreba,

teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis

mier, t. IV, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1973.

7. garejis epigrafiuli Zeglebi, t. I, nakv. I, wminda daviTis lavra, udab-

nos monasteri (XI-XVIII ss), gamosacemad moamzades d. kldiaSvilma da z.

sxirtlaZem, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis saxelobis

xelnawerTa instituti, Tb., 1999.

8. georgika, basili sofeneli, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb, berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da ganmarte-

bebi daurTo s. yauxCiSvilma, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis

gamomcemloba, t. IV, nakv. II, Tb., 1952, gv. 123-202.

9. giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qarTuli proza, w. 1,

mexuTe-meTerTmete ss. mwerloba, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1982.

10. giorgi mcire, cxovrebaÁ giorgi mTawmindelisaÁ, teqsti gamosacemad

moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. lolaSvilma, `mecniereba~,

Tb., 1994.

11. giorgi mcire, cxovrebaÁ giorgi mTawmindelisaÁ, Zveli qarTuli

agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi (XI-XV ss.), i. abulaZis

xelmZRvanelobiT da redaqciiT, naw. II, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1967.

12. giuldenStedti i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, germanuli teqsti qar-

Tuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gelaSvilma, t. I,

saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1962.

13. giuldenStedti i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, germanuli teqsti qar-

Tuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gelaSvilma, t. II,

saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1964.

14. grigol nazianzinelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aR-

weriloba, xelnawerTa aRwera, Sesavali da saZieblebi daurTo T. breg-

vaZem, Tb., 1988.

15. dadiani n., qarTvelT cxovreba, teqstebi gamosca, winasityvaoba, komen-

tarebi, saZieblebi da leqsikoni daurTo s. burjanaZem, saqarTvelos

ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1962.

16. daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi, cxovreba mefeT-mefe daviTisi, qarTlis

cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.

yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1955.

17. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, s. kakabaZis gamocema, w. 1

tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, tf., 1921.

18. dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, s. kakabaZis gamocema, w. 2

tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, tf., 1921.

19. imereTis samefos politikuri sabuTebi (1784-1810 ww.), teqstebi SeniSvne-

biTa da saZieblebiT gamosacemad moamzada S. burjanaZem, saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo muzeumis istoriuli dokumentebi da arqivi, II, istoriuli

dokumentebi, Tb., 1953.

75

20. istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti

dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t.

II, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1959.

21. istoriuli dokumentebi imereTis samefosa da guria-odiSis samTavroe-

bisa, teqsti gamosca, winasityvaoba da saZieblebi daurTo S. burjanaZem,

w. 1, Tb., 1958.

22. lomsaZe S., gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriidan, axal-

cixuri qronikebi, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1979.

23. makari antioqeli, cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, arabulidan Targmna T.

margvelaSvilma, armaRani, aRmosavluri mwerlobis nimuSebi, Tb., 1982.

24. masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis, 1744-1840 ww. Sekrebili batoniS-

vilis daviT giorgisZisa da misi Zmebisa, gamocema m. janaSvilisa, tf.,

1905.

25. matiane qarTlisa, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. I, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1955.

26. mesxeTis saepiskoposoTa nusxa, e. TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri mogzauro-

bani da SeniSvnebi, I., tf., 1907.

27. mcire qronikebi (kinklosebis istoriuli minawerebi), teqstebi gamosca,

Sesavali werili da komentarebi daurTo j. odiSelma, Tb., 1968.

28. pirTa anotirebuli leqsikoni, I, XI-XVII ss. `qarTuli istoriuli

sabuTebis mixedviT gamosacemad moamzades d. kldiaSvilma, m. surgu-

laZem, e. cagareiSvilma, g. jandierma, Tb., 1991.

29. JamTaaRmwereli, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. II, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,

Tb., 1959.

30. Jan Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

(cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb), frangulidan Targmna, gamokvleva da ko-

mentarebi daurTo m. mgalobliSvilma, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1975.

31. saistorio masalani, e. TayaiSvilis gamocema, w. II, tf., 1919.

32. saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi, XVII-XIX ss., teqstebi gamosacemad

moamzada, gamokvleva, SeniSvnebi da ganmartebebi daurTo prof. a. iose-

lianma, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1980.

33. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba,

axali koleqcia, t. I, Semdgeneli e. metreveli, qr. SaraSiZe, saqar-

Tvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1957.

34. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnaweri A-123.

35. saqarTvelos siZveleni, eq. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT, w. 1, saqarTvelos

saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis gamomcemloba, tf., 1920.

36. saqarTvelos siZveleni, eq. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT, w. 2, saqarTvelos

saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis gamomcemloba, tf., 1909.

37. saqarTvelos siZveleni, eq. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT, w. 3, saqarTvelos

saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis gamomcemloba, tf., 1910.

38. sumbat daviTis Ze, cxovreba da uwyeba bagrationTa, qarTlis cxovreba,

teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis

mier, t. I, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1955.

39. tbeTis sulTa matiane, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da sa-

Zieblebi daurTo T. enuqiZem, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1977.

76

40. qarTuli lapidaruli warwerebis korpusi, II, dasavleT saqarTvelos

warwerebi, nakv. 1 (IX-XIII ss.), Seadgina da gamosacemad moamzada v. silo-

gavam, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1980.

41. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo prof. i. doliZem, t. II, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1965.

42. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (XI-XIX

ss), teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doli-

Zem, t. III, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1970.

43. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo prof. i. doliZem, t. V, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1974.

44. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi

daurTo prof. i. doliZem, t. VI, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1977.

45. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, A koleqcia, Seadgines da dasabeWdad

moamzades T. bregaZem, m. qavTariam da l. quTaTelaZem, t. I, `mecniereba~,

Tb., 1973.

46. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, H koleqcia, t. VI, Tb., 1953.

47. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, S koleqcia, Semdgenlebi: T. bregaZe, T.

enuqiZe, n. ksraZe, l. quTaTelaZe, q. SaraSiZe, t. I, saq. ssr. mecnierebaTa

akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1960.

48. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, Q koleqcia, t. I, Tb., 1957.

49. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, Q koleqcia, Semdgenlebi: T. bregaZe,

T. enuqiZe, n. kasraZe, el. metreveli, l. quTaTelaZe, q. SaraSiZe, t. II,

saq. ssr. mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1958.

50. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebili, qronolo-

giurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T. Jordanias mier, w. 2, tf.,

1897.

51. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa, Sekrebili, qronolo-

giurad dawyobili, axsnili da gamocemuli T. Jordanias mier, gamosace-

mad moamzades g. Jordaniam da S. xanTiZem, w. 3, tf., 1867.

52. quTaisis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba,

Sedgenili da dasabeWdad momzadebuli e. nikolaZis mier, Tb., 1953.

53. ciskari, Jurnali, 1969 wlis 6 dekembris werili imereTis mefe bagrat

IV-isa ruseTis mefe aleqsisadmi, ivlisi, 1869, #7, kereseliZis tipogra-

fia, gv. 98-104.

54. cxovreba mefeT-mefe Tamarisi, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili

yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t. II, `sabWo-

Ta saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1959.

55. cxovreba saqarTveloÁsa (parizis qronika), teqstebi gamosacemad moam-

zada, Sesavali, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo g. alasaniam, Tb., 1980.

56. Zveli saqarTvelo, saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografiuli sazo-

gadoebis krebuli, eq. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT, t. II, ganyofileba III, Tb.,

1913.

57. Zveli saqarTvelo, saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografiuli sazo-

gadoebis krebuli, eq. TayaiSvilis redaqciiT, t. IV, ganyofileba III, Tb.,

1914.

58. xelmwifis karis garigeba, e. TayaiSvilis gamocema, tfilisis universi-

tetis gamomcemloba, tf., 1920.

77

59. xelmwifis karis garigeba, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, teqstebi ga-

mosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo prof. i. doliZem, t. II, `mecni-

ereba~, Tb., 1965.

60. xelmwifis karis garigeba, teqstebi gamosacemad moamzada, inglisurad

Targmna, winasityvaoba, leqsikoni, SeniSvnebi da komentarebi daurTo q.

surgulaZem, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1993.

61. javeliZe n., osmalo istorikosi funduklulu mehmed aRa dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos Sesaxeb., Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, t.

250., gv. 153-161.

62. juanSeri, cxovreba vaxtang gorgasalisa, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti

dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, t.

I, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1655.

63. abaSiZe z., erTi epizodi quTaisis eparqiis istoriidan Tbilisis sax-

elmwifo universitetis Sromebi, istoria, xelovnebaTmcodneoba, eTno-

grafia, Tb., 1986, #266, gv. 80-83.

64. aTaneliSvili l., Zveli qarTuli saidumlo damwerloba, `mecniereba~,

Tb., 1982.

65. bagrationi vaxuSti, saqarTvelos geografia, komentarebi, mT. redaqtori

z. tatabiZe, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1997.

66. baqraZe a., masalebi qarTuli sfragistikis istoriisaTvis, `mecniereba~,

naw. 1, Tb., 1978.

67. beraZe T., dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiidan, saqarTve-

los ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnog-

rafiis da xelovnebis istoriis seria, Tb., 1982, #1, gv. 108-121.

68. beraZe T., saeklesio reforma dasavleT saqarTveloSi X saukuneSi,

qristianuli arqeologiis VI konferencia, moxsenebaTa Sinaarsebi, Tb.,

2002, gv. 84-86.

69. beraZe T., raWa, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1983.

70. beraZe T., raWa feodalur xanaSi (istoriul-geografiuli mimoxilva),

saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis krebuli, V, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1975,

gv. 132-152.

71. beraZe T., odiSis samTavro dadian-CiqovanTa dinastiis mmarTvelobis

xanaSi, XVII saukunis miwurulidan XVIII saukunis damdegamde, samegre-

lo, kolxeTi, odiSi (arqeologiis, enaTmecnierebis, istoriis, xuroT-

moZRvrebis da eTnologiis narkvevebi), i. anTelavas saerTo redaqciiT,

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84

85

axalgazrda mkvlevarma quTaisis saepiskopoze muSaoba ganagrZo aspiran-

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