Papered by: Maha Alonazi Norah Al Hamdan

I am the

boss

End of this presentation, we able to: Describe the meaning of leadership Differentiate the leadership from

management Identify the variable of leadership

theories and predict the most appropriate leadership style

Identify the nursing leadership characteristics and styles

Introduction Views on leadership Difference between leadership and

management. Theories on leadership Nursing leadership Leadership style in nursing Effective leader . Process model of leadership . Leadership & communication. Conclusion References

Today, professional nurses assume leadership and management responsibilities regardless of the activity in which they are involved. Although leadership and management roles are different.

Is defined as the ability to influence others, however, management involves not only leadership but also coordination and integration of resources through planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling to accomplish goals and objectives. Other differences are that leader focus on people whereas mangers focus on system and structures.

As nurses, we must demonstrate leadership and management skills in interacting with patients, colleagues, students, physicians and other health care providers.

Older views of leadership include that it involves

interaction between members of a group that initiates and maintains improved expectations

and competence to solve problem or attain goals.

Sometimes as a position; Sometimes as personality trait or a quality which

causes other to follow leader's point of view; Sometimes as power relationship; and sometimes as

process. Older views of leadership include that it involves

interaction between members of a group that initiates and maintains improved expectations and competence to solve problem or attain goals.

LeadershipManagement

MottoDo the right thingsDo things right

ChallengeChangeContinuity

FocusPurpose, peopleStructures and

procedure

Time frameFuturePresent

MethodsStrategiesSchedules

It discuses that a few people are born with the necessary characteristics to be great.

Leaders display both instrumental and supportive leadership behavior. Instrumental activities include planning,

organizing, and controlling. Supportive leadership is socially oriented and

allows for participation and consultation.

Many find this theory unattractive because its premise that leaders are born and not made which suggests that leadership cannot be developed.

People may be leaders because they are charismatic.

Most agree that it is an inspirational quality possessed by some people.

Traits could be obtained through learning and experience

Researchers identified the leadership traits as energy, drive, aggressiveness, self assurance, self confidence, friendliness, honesty, fairness and teaching skill.

AutocraticDemocraticLaissez-faire

Strong controlLess controlNo control

Gives orderOffers suggestionsNondirective

Does decision

making

Makes suggestionsAbdicates decision

making

Leader does

planning

Group does

planning

No planning

DirectiveParticipativeUninvolved

It predicts the most appropriate leadership style from level of maturity of the followers.

TransactionalTransformational

HierarchyNetworking

CompetitiveCooperative

Task focusProcess focus

Exchange posturePromote employee development

CaretakerRole model

Set goals for employeesIndividualize consideration

Which one is best for our clinical practice?

AuthoritarianDemocraticLaissez -Faire

Degree of freedomLittleModerateMuch

Degree of controlHighModerateNo

Decision makingBy the leaderLeader and group By group or no

one

Leader activity

level

HighHighMinimal

Assumption of

responsibility

Primarily the

leader

SharedAbdicated

EfficiencyVery efficientLess than

Authoritarian

Inefficient

Output o f the

group

High quantity and

good quality

Creative, high

quality

Variable, may be

poor quality

Process model of leadership is offered which is summarizes essential factors &activities that comprise a leadershipdecision or behavior .this model identifythose elements a leader should consider

toproduce an appropriate and

measurableleadership action .the model is

composed ofthree stages :

Stage 1-identify & analyze the problem .

Stage 2-determination of action plan.

Stage 3-involve the evaluation of the selected action

1-Identify & analyzed the problem :

The analysis stage categorizes elements of the problem

This categorization provides a framework to select the critical aspects from the broad organization influences, as well as the actual problem .the analysis stage is composed of the following elements :

1-The event (problem).2-The participant & their perception .3-Interpersonal process.4-Comtrolling forces & limiting factors.

Describe the nursing event :can range from an obvious problem to afeeling of dissatisfaction with the status .Eg: what is the effect on pt. when no

effortis made to solve the problem of dietarytrays always being late? Certainly the

effecton diabetic pt. well be more .

Identify the participants & how they see the problem :

all persons from each department who have

a direct on a particular activity should beinvolved in the solution .

Describe the Interpersonal processes between participants:

interaction between the leader & groupaffects the means by which decision aremade .the respect it must beshared by the leader & group .

Describe the Controlling factor that influence the situation

such as protocols, procedures & standards

of professional .

2-Determination of action:The process in brief consider the defined

the problem & categorizes information about it based on specific information of what ,who &how best to solve the problem ,to arrive best action many alternative solution most be considered & the predictive effort should include the consideration of both positive & negative outcomes of each solution & selection of solution offering the greatest overall advantages & least disadvantages .

3-Evaluation of action: Following implementation of the selection

action the result should be evaluated in terms of outcome.

The evaluation criteria should be compared to a variety of issues such as :

1-the acceptability of action for particular organization or setting.

2- the psycho-social acceptance of the selection action .

3- the effect direct & indirect on the quality of nursing care

Interpersonal Skills : Leaders that have earned the trust and respect of theirfollowers can use this trust to move the organizationtowards the achievements of the goal. These leaders areable to use their interpersonal skills to work through difficultrelationships and keep the peace in their departments. 

Theyare good at listening and providing constructive feedback.

Creativity Skills: Leaders demonstrating creativity skills are able todevelop innovative solutions to old problems. The creativeleaders are able to translate technical information intosolutions that are understood by everyone.

Organizational Consciousness: understand what the organization wants toachieve and know how it can beaccomplished. 

Confidence:Leaders need to carry themselves with

confidenceand they must be able to learn from criticisms

andare often acutely aware of their ownshortcomings.  Confident leaders are able tomaintain a calm demeanor even duringemergencies.

Flexibility: Leaders demonstrating of their ability to remainflexible and adapt their leadership style to meetthe demand  of the current work environment.they must be able to work with others to meetorganizational goals and shift focus as

necessary.

Communication Skills: Leaders demonstrating communication skills areboth good speakers and listeners.  Through theirwords they can help keep the workforce

motivatedand committed.  They also listen to their

followers andask questions when they want to make sure they

have agood understanding of what is being expresses.

Should be honest. should do what they say they will do. They

keep their promises and follow through on their commitments.

Should make sure their actions are consistent with the wishes of the people they lead. They have a clear idea of what others value and what they can do.

should admit to their mistakes. Should create a trusting and open climate. Should help others to be successful and to

feel empowered. Should not push too much. They encourage

members to do more but know when it's too much.

1-clarify your idea before communicating to others .

2-consider physical sitting . eg: light ,condition.

3-consider psychological environment. eg: such as people's state of mind. We all tend to feel happier and more receptive to information when the sun shines. if someone has personal problems like worries about their health or marriage then this will probably affect them.

4-consult with others when necessary to be sure your information is accurate.

5-be mindful of the tone as well as words of the message. eg: high voice .

6-take the opportunity to convey something of help

or praise to the receiver .

7-follow up your communication. eg: by question .

8-nonverbal behavior should support communication eg; facial expression ,eye contact .

9-be an active listener. eg: don’t look to the watch during communication with other .

10-be assertive when expressing your view .

Physical barriers :

 are often due to the nature of the environment.

for example: the distractions like background noise, poor lighting or an environment which is too hot or cold can all affect people's morale and concentration which is interfere with effective communication.

Attitudinal barriers : come about as a result of problems with

staff in anorganization. for example: the personal attitudes of

individual employees which may be due to lack of motivation or dissatisfaction at work, brought about by insufficient training to enable them to carry out particular tasks, or just resistance to change due to entrenched attitudes and ideas.

Physiological barriers : may result from individuals' personal

discomfort.for example: by ill health, poor eye sight orHearing difficulties.

Different languages :When you choose the words for your

message remember that you are a member of a particular culture or subculture and that you know the code. Barriers also exist because words can be interpreted in more than one way. Always try to use words your audience will understand it.

Describe one leader in your area with emphasize on the three style

Are you leader? Why?

You are ER nurse, you receive 5 year old boy, with medical history of renal failure on peritoneal dialysis at home, child has weak pulse, no breathing, pale.Are you the leader in this situation?

Why ?

nurses assume leadership and management responsibilities regardless of the activity in which they are involved.

leadership and management roles are different.

leadership include that it involves interaction between members of a group that initiates and maintains improved expectations and competence to solve problem or attain goals.

Leadership Style Theories: Autocratic, Democratic Laissez-faire

Leadership style in Nursing Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire

Keep in mind that great leaders are not born they are made and also keep in your mind that great leaders are also not infallible and that a great leader they are learn from their mistakes

1-leadership & management in nursing ,2006,third edition.

2-from management to leadership ,practical strategies for health care leaders,2005,second edition3-BT Basavanthappa. (2009).

NursingAdministration, second Edition, Leadership in Nursing(pp 35-67). Jitendar P Vij.

4- Tomey, A (2000). Nursing Management and Leadership, sixth Edition, theories of Leadership (pp 137-146). Mosby.