Paper Planing

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ISTE WorkshopWriting Effective Conference Papers

Sahana MurthyIIT Bombay

IIT Bombay

Feb. 18, 2012

Organizing and Planning Paper Part II


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Goal of this session

1) Start from your idea.

2) Plan a research paper based on your ideaby using

Guidelines on effective research paper writing.

3) Organize the paper into Title, Abstract, Intro, Sections etc


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Logistics of this session

What I will do:

Provide a template for planning your paper.

Take you through the process slide-by-slide.

What you have to do:

Write answers to questions

What you need:Paper, pen, and focus.


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Mini-homework reminder

Think of one innovative teaching strategy you have

used.

Write this idea in 2-3 sentences in your notebook.

If you have done the HW, great! Begin with it.

If you have not done the HW, pair with someone who

has 2 min!


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Paper Planning Template


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Approach

There are 5 sections in this template:0. Jot down your ideaI. Setup the problemII. Explain your solutionIII. Defend your solutionIV. Explain your solution

Note that these sections are not necessarily thesections of the final paper

These sections will help you to get your ideas andinto a logical sequence so that you can begin towrite the paper


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What are you supposed to do?

White slides contain questions you need toanswer, instructions you need to follow and pointsto guide your thinking.

Blue box - Write bullets in the blue box for eachslide to answer the question posed as that slide's

title

Yellow slides contain illustrative example (already

filled) to guide you


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0. Jot down your idea


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What is your overall idea?

Instruction: Jot your ideas about the work that you

already did.

Distance education is becoming popular but students

show mixed reaction.

Distance education classrooms have limitedinteractivity. This can be improved by student response

systems or clickers.

We developed technology to implement clickers in adistance education context and used it in a workshop.


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I. Setup the problem


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Why setup the problem?

You may have done some work. Merely describing

it is not sufficient to make it into a research article.

You need to think about the context, usefulness,

and rigor of your work.

You need to think about other similar work that youwill compare with.

If you do not sell your problem well, the referee will

not buy your solution.


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1. What is the main concept underlying

your work?Instructions: i) Illustrate the concept and its applications with anexample, to give an intuitive idea.

ii) Then give a formal definition of the concept from literature.

EXAMPLE

Improving interactivity in teaching. For example, in face-to-face

classes, the kinds of interactivity a teacher can ask a question,judge students body language (e.g. bored expression), get andgive real time feedback.

Interactivity in a classroom could be between teacher-student,student-student, student-instructional materials, and student-technology and so on.


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1. What is the main concept underlying

your work?Instructions: i) Illustrate the concept and its applications with anexample, to give an intuitive idea.

ii) Then give a formal definition of the concept from literature.


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2. Why is your work important?

Instructions. Answer:

i) Why is your work important? Justify from literature, not justyour feelings.

ii) Who requires your work (who is target audience)?

EXAMPLE

Many universities are starting distance education programs to

address the problem to providing quality education at low cost.

Yet, student perceptions towards distance learning do not show

a clear preference for these new modes of learning.

One reason for a preference of the in-the-class education over

distance education is the limited opportunity for synchronous

teacher-student interactivity in a virtual environment.


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2. Why is your work important?

Instructions. Answer:

i) Why is your work important? Justify from literature, not justyour feelings.

ii) Who requires your work (who is target audience)?


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3a. What prior work has been done?

Instructions: Write what prior work is relevant to your work.For example: What are traditional ways to solve the problem?Who else has attempted to solve the problem using a

technique similar to yours?

EXAMPLE1) Work related to improving interactivity in face to face classes,

using technology : Student response systems or clickers

2) Work related to improving interactivity in distance education: Video and audio conferencing with 2-way interactivity.

A mouse on every desk by Microsoft Research


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3a. What prior work has been done?

Instructions: Write what prior work is relevant to your work.For example: What are traditional ways to solve the problem?Who else has attempted to solve the problem using a

technique similar to yours?


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3b. Analyze related work

Instructions: Identify themes and categorize the related work.Use figures and tables.

1) Clickers shown to be highly effective in face to faceclassrooms to improve attendance, more active participation inclass, increased collaborative activities and better learning.

2) Work related to improving interactivity in distance education: Video and audio conferencing with 2-way interactivity.Benefits visual cues possible, feels like real interaction

Drawbacks Cumbersome to use, instructor cannot judge ifstudents are following lecture

A mouse on every desk by Microsoft Research

Benefits highly interactiveDrawbacks expensive


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3b. Analyze related work

Instructions: Identify themes and categorize the related work.Use figures and tables.


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4. What are the current pain points?Instructions:

Identify problems in existing solutions, gaps not addressed .

Write how do you think your work can address above problems

or gaps in existing work?


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5. What is your problem?

Instructions:Phrase your problem as questions Avoid phrasingas sentences.

Broad level

What is the procedure by which one can embrace theimplementation and benefits of clickers for distance

education?

Specific questions -

What modifications need to be done, in terms ofdevelopment of new technologies pedagogical

strategies to use clickers in distance education?

What are the challenges in using clickers in distanceeducation?


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5. What is your problem?

Instructions:Phrase your problem as questions Avoid phrasingas sentences.


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Check

At this point the reader should be convinced of:

Your problem is important

Reading about your technique may be interesting (becauseit is novel or effective or easy-to-implement )


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II. Explain your solution


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What is your solution approach?

Instructions:

Describe your overall approach

Describe what you will write for the details. (You need not write

all the details here itself)

The instructor delivered lectures from a central location,

which were transmitted to remote classrooms. RCs were

equipped with receivers which communicate to a server locatedin the central classroom over the internet. Participants respond

to questions presented by the instructor through clickers.

Here I will show a block diagram of the distributed system set upand the architecture.

I will show a flow diagram of the process of asking questions,

and collecting and comparing answers.


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What is your solution approach?

Instructions:

Describe your overall approach

Describe what you will write for the details. (You need not write

all the details here itself)


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Why is your method likely to work?Instruction:

Defend your approach using logical arguments. Argue that the steps are:

Sound (in some logical order)

Complete (cover all aspects of your problem)

Necessary (directly target solution)

Sufficient (no critical step has been omitted)

EXAMPLE

Clickers have been highly successful in face to face classrooms,hence likely to succeed in distance mode too .

Technology has already been shown to work in distance modebetween two locations, hence we do not expect probelms.

We collect data to check if our solution was effective.


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Why is your method likely to work*?Instruction:

Defend your approach using logical arguments. Argue that the steps are:

Sound (in some logical order)

Complete (cover all aspects of your problem)

Necessary (directly target solution)

Sufficient (no critical step has been omitted)


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What are the limits to your method?

Instructions:

State the boundaries (scope) in which you are working.

Identify and state all assumptions that you are making.

Justify why it is okay to make these assumptions.

Scope: Tested so far with only one workshop in which instructor

is very familiar with clicker use and technology

Assumptions:

Participants actually use the clickers in the time allotted

Remote centres have manpower to solve technical problems ifthey arise. In order to address this, our team visited RCs and

trained technical staff.


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What are the limits to your method*?

Instructions:

State the boundaries (scope) in which you are working.

Identify and state all assumptions that you are making.

Justify why it is okay to make these assumptions.


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Check for consistency

At this stage, check that the solution you have explained in

fact answers the questions you have posed in the slide

What is your problem.

The solution you just explained must also be consistent

with your 'idea' in section 0


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3. Defend your solution(Why should the reader believe you)


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What evidence will you provide?

I will collect data of how many participants clicker responses

were recorded, for each question over 15 days. I will analyzedata of 30 such questions from 500 participants.

I will collect and analyze Instructor and participant feedbackon distributed clicker system

Instruction

Describe what evidence you will provide experiment,analysis, proof, etc to defend your solution

Describe the methods you used to generate the evidence


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What evidence will you provide*?

Instruction

Describe what evidence you will provide experiment,analysis, proof, etc to defend your solution

Describe the methods you used to generate the evidence


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What are your results*?

Instructions:Write what findings are you going to include here.

Write in what format will you report each finding that make them:

i) easy to understand, and ii) highlight significant findings.(Use graphs & tables)


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Organize your paper


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What are your key contributions?

We provide the architecture of implementing a

distributed student response system We describe the pedagogical process of using

clickers in a distributed distance learning

environment and show proof-of-concept

Instructions:

Identify what knowledge is your paper contributing to thecommunity

Recall a paper is not simply a report of what you did,what you found.

What are the points that you should highlight ?

Everything that you did is NOT worth highlighting. Identify

the key points (1 or 2) that you want the reader to note!


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What are your key contributions?

Instructions:

Identify what knowledge is your paper contributing to thecommunity

Recall a paper is not simply a report of what you did,what you found.

What are the points that you should highlight ?

Everything that you did is NOT worth highlighting. Identify

the key points (1 or 2) that you want the reader to note!

What is the title?


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What is the title?

Do NOT just pick any title

The title should capture those aspects of your paper that

you want to highlight (see previous slide).

Consider titles that are too broad and too specific and then

decide the 'about-right' level; Then refine the 'about-right'

level to generate the 3-4 options.

The title should attract the reader but still be professional

Title:

Option 1: Option 2:

Option 3:

Wh t i th titl ?


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What is the title?

Using clickers in distance education (too broad)

Design of an open-source student response systems

based on XX architecture for distributed setup indistance education (key contribution not clear, too

many specific details)

Design and deployment of clickers in a distance

education scenario (right level, captures key

contributions) Clicking away the distance from education (captures

key contributions, but may sound too cute)

What is the title?


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What is the title?

Do NOT just pick any title The title should capture those aspects of your paper thatyou want to highlight (see previous slide).

Consider titles that are too broad and too specific and then

decide the 'about-right' level; Then refine the 'about-right'level to generate the 3 options above.

The title should attract the reader but still be professional

Title: Option 1: Option 2:

Option 3:

YOUR TITLES:

What is the abstract?


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Revisit slides from sections 1 (problem set-up), 2

(explain solution) and 3 (defend solution)

Decide what are the crucial points. For ex: thecentral problem, new tool/ strategy, comparison

you did between your method and old methods,

fantastic results (if any). Revisit key contribution slide

Must include - key contributions, claims

How much to include depends on abstract

length?


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Revisit title and key contributions

TITLE: Design and deployment of clickers in a

distance education scenario

We provide the architecture of implementing

a distributed student response system We describe the pedagogical process of

using clickers in a distributed distancelearning environment and show proof-of-concept



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Distance education suffers from a lack of real-time

interactivity between the instructor and students. We

adapt the successful technique of using clickers inface-to-face classrooms to the distance learning

environment. We designed a distributed architecture

for implementing clickers in simultaneous multipleremote classrooms. We report on a pilot

implementation in 23 remote classrooms, and discuss

challenges and possible solutions.

4 sentences, 60 words

What is the introduction?


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What is the introduction?

This should be brief AND complete

starting with setup of the problem, outlining the

solution, to making claims about your results.

Revisit all the points that you have noted for

the previous sections in this PPT Identify which ones are you going to include in

the Intro.

Ensure that the points in your intro have a

logical flow.

What are the other sections?


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What are the other sections?

What sections will you create in your paper?

What are the section titles?

What are the sub-sections?

What are the points (from this PPT) that you are

going to make in each sub-section?

Have any points been missed out?

Revisit ALL these slides to ensure that yourpaper has a logical flow (according to you).


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What next?

Apply good practices


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Apply good practices

Read!

Write a first draft (use template)

Iterate , improve (use guidelines from thisworkshop)

Give your draft to a colleague. Ask specificallywhat you would like her/him to check(spelling? flow? )

Homework 1 Revise your draft


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Homework 1 Revise your draft

SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

Recall yesterdays activity on identifying the purpose of eachparagraph in a paper. Repeat the exercise on your draft.

Check if any important characteristic(s) of a research paperis missing. If so, make a note of which for example, are theresearch questions clearly stated?

Check if you have followed the guidelines of a typicalresearch paper . If not, note down which for example, haveyou explained why your problem is important.

Check if the purposes you have listed in 1) follow a coherentsequence.

Use your responses to 1), 2), 3) and decide how you have torevise the list in 1)

HW 2: IdeaOutline for research paper


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HW 2: IdeaOutline for research paper

1) Complete the slides in the template for your idea.This will form the outline of your research paper.(please download newer version of template fromMoodle ).

2) Upload your outline (the slides) on Moodle

3) Give feedback to fellow participants

With sincere thanks to


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For sharing their knowledge, wisdom with all of us

D.B. Phatak

Kannan Moudgalya

U.N. Gaitonde

R.B. Sunoj

For sincere and enthusiastic participationParticipants each of the

2835+ of you

For running the show in the real classrooms, valuable bridgeWorkshop, RC coordinators

For help and suggestions in creating instructional materials,

activities

Anura Kenkre

Gargi Banerjee

Mrinal Patwardhan

Anita Diwakar

Sridhar Iyer

For running, organizing, and conceiving this large scale effort

Mukta Atrey

Kalpana Kannan

D.B. Phatak

For the superb technical support, making sure that the

teaching-learning process goes on seamlessly

E-outreach team


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What next ? Lunch!

Documents

Paper Planing