Paper on Hybrid Vehicles 1

8/9/2019 Paper on Hybrid Vehicles 1

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HYBRID ELECTRIC

CARS:THE FUTURE

PRASHANT PANDEY , SHUBHAM

SHARMA ,VIPUL YADAV

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

ABES ENGINEERING COLEGE,GHAZIABAD

Prashantpandey1!"#$%a&'()*%

Hybrid Electric Cars:Te !"t"re
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Prasa#t $a#dey,s"ba%

sar%a,&i$"l yada&

ABSTRACT

The de%and +*r Petr*' and D&ese' &n Ind&a,

espe)&a''y y '&$ht-d.ty /eh&)'es, )*nt&n.es

t* &n)rease 0&th e)*n*%&) $r*0th and

de/e'*p%ent( F*ss&' +.e' dr&/en /eh&)'es

are n*t *n'y )reat&n$ +&nan)&a' stra&n d.e t*

+'.)t.at&n$ pr&)es .t are a's* p*''.t&n$ the

en/&r*n%ent and p*s&n$ hea'th r&ss t* the

)*%%.n&ty( In an e++*rt t* +&nd the est

a'ternate *+ these +.e's, th&s paper re/&e0s

hyr&d /eh&)'e te)hn*'*$y as a '*$&)a' stept*0ards s.st&na'e,e++&)&ent and

en/&r*n%ent +r&end'y transp*rtat&*n(Th&s

paper )*%pares d&++erent %eth*ds *+

en$&ne pr*p.'s&*n +*ss&' +.e's 0&th hyr&d

)ars te)hn*'*$&es s* as t* +&nd the est

+.t.re a'ternat&/e *+ these(

INTRODUCTION

2&th &n)reas&n$ a0areness t*0ards

e)*n*%&) and en/&r*n%enta' )*n)ernsass*)&ated 0&th +.e' )*%.st&*n &na.t*%*&'es,the 0*r'd &s +*).s&n$ t*0ardsthe de/e'*p%ent *+ s.sta&na'ete)hn*'*$&es(The transp*rtat&*n se)t*r &s*ne *+ the h&$hest )*ns.%ers *+ +*ss&'+.e's and the 'ar$est )*ntr&.t*r *+$reenh*.se $as e%&ss&*ns 0h&)h &s a%a3*r )a.se *+ p*''.t&*n(The *&' dependen)y, part&).'ar'y y '&$ht-d.ty /eh&)'es, &s resp*ns&'e +*r a 4.arter*+ the t*ta' GHG e%&ss&*ns &n the )*.ntry

and has e)*%e a s*.r)e *+ e)*n*%&)stress 0&th r&s&n$ *&' pr&)es(Hyr&d e'e)tr&)/eh&)'es 5HE6s7 *++er a +.e' e++&)&ents*'.t&*n that )*%&nes an e'e)tr&) %*t*rased dr&/etra&n 0&th the )*n/ent&*na'&nterna' )*%.st&*n en$&ne 5ICE7 t*red.)e +.e' )*ns.%pt&*n and /eh&)'ee%&ss&*ns(These HE6 ene+&ts ha/epr*%pted the a.t*%aers t* de/e'*phyr&d /eh&)'es, %*st *+ 0h&)h area/a&'a'e &n d&++erent parts *+ the 0*r'd((H*0e/er )*ns.%er a))eptan)e t* hyr&d/eh&)'es re%a&ns '*0, %*st'y d.e t* p.'&).na0areness *+ the per+*r%an)e and

re'&a&'&ty *+ HE6 te)hn*'*$y as 0e'' as theh&$h &n&t&a' )*st *+ hyr&d )ars(Th&s paper atte%pts t* ra&se p.'&).nderstand&n$ *+ the $r*0&n$ need t* Sh&+ttransp*rtat&*n &nd.stry t*s.sta&na'e,en/&r*n%ent +r&end'ya'ternat&/es and t* re/&e0 the ).rrenthyr&d te)hn*'*$y as an e++&)&entS*'.t&*n y )*%par&n$ &t 0&th *ther 'atestte)hn*'&$&es 0h&)h .ses +*ss&' +.e's +*rthe&r +.n)t&*n(

HYBRID VEHICLES

A ybrid electric &eicle5HEV7 &s a type

*+ hyr&d /eh&)'e and e'e)tr&) /eh&)'e 0h&)h)*%&nes a )*n/ent&*na' &nterna'

)*%.st&*n en$&ne 5ICE7 pr*p.'s&*n

syste% 0&th an e'e)tr&) pr*p.'s&*n syste%(

The presen)e *+ the e'e)tr&) p*0ertra&n &s

&ntended t* a)h&e/e e&ther etter +.e'

e)*n*%y than a )*n/ent&*na' /eh&)'e *r

etter per+*r%an)e( There are a /ar&ety *+

HE6 types, and the de$ree t* 0h&)h they

+.n)t&*n as E6s /ar&es as 0e''( The %*st

)*%%*n +*r% *+ HE6 &s the hyr&d e'e)tr&)

)ar, a'th*.$h hyr&d e'e)tr&) tr.)s

5p&).ps and tra)t*rs7 and .ses a's*

e8&st( Hyr&d e'e)tr&) /eh&)'es )an e

)'ass&+&ed a))*rd&n$ t* the 0ay &n 0h&)h

p*0er &s s.pp'&ed t* the dr&/etra&n

9

In para''e' hyr&ds, the ICE and the e'e)tr&)

%*t*r are *th )*nne)ted t* the

%e)han&)a' trans%&ss&*n and )an

s&%.'tane*.s'y trans%&t p*0er t* dr&/e the
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0hee's, .s.a''y thr*.$h a )*n/ent&*na'

trans%&ss&*n( H*nda:s Inte$rated M*t*r

Ass&st 5IMA7 syste% as +*.nd &n the

)&/&),a))*rd as 0e'' as the GM Be'ted

A'ternat*r;Starter syste% +*.nd &n the

Che/r*'et Ma'&.hyr&ds are e8a%p'es *+pr*d.)t&*n para''e' hyr&ds( The &nterna'

)*%.st&*n en$&ne *+ %any para''e'

hyr&ds )an a's* a)t as a $enerat*r +*r

s.pp'e%enta' re)har$&n$( C.rrent'y,

)*%%er)&a'&! 27 e'e)tr&) %*t*r and s%a''

attery pa) as the e'e)tr&) %*t*r &s

des&$ned t* s.pp'e%ent the %a&n en$&ne,

n*t t* e the s*'e s*.r)e *+ %*t&/e p*0er+r*% 'a.n)h( Para''e' hyr&ds are %*re

e++&)&ent than )*%para'e n*n-hyr&d

/eh&)'es espe)&a''y d.r&n$ .ran st*p-and-

$* )*nd&t&*ns 0here the e'e)tr&) %*t*r &s

per%&tted t* )*ntr&.te and d.r&n$ h&$h0ay

*perat&*n(

Para''e' hyr&d s)he%at&) d&a$ra%

In Ser&es hyr&ds,*n'y the e'e)tr&) %*t*rdr&/es the dr&/etra&n, and a s%a''er ICE0*rs as a Generat*r t* p*0er the e'e)tr&)%*t*r *r t* re)har$e the atter&es( Theya's* .s.a''y ha/e a 'ar$er attery pa)than para''e' hyr&ds, %a&n$ the% %*ree8pens&/e( On)e the atter&es are '*0, thes%a'' )*%.st&*n en$&ne )an $eneratep*0er at &ts *pt&%.% sett&n$s at a'' t&%es,%a&n$ the% %*re e++&)&ent &n e8tens&/e)&ty dr&/&n$(

Ser&es hyr&d s)he%at&) d&a$ra%

P*0er sp'&ts hyr&ds ha/e the ene+&ts *+ a)*%&nat&*n *+ ser&es and para''e')hara)ter&st&)s( As a res.'t, they are %*ree++&)&ent */era'', e)a.se ser&es hyr&dstend t* e %*re e++&)&ent at '*0er speedsand para''e' tend t* e %*re e++&)&ent at

h&$h speeds? h*0e/er, the )*st *+ p*0er-sp'&t the hyr&d &s h&$her than a p.repara''e'(E8a%p'es *+ p*0er-sp'&t 5re+erredt* y s*%e as @ser&es-para''e'@7 hyr&dp*0ertra&ns &n)'.de ).rrent %*de' *++*rd,N&ssan et)(

Sp'&t hyr&d s)he%aat&) d&a$ra%

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

COMPONENTS

There are %any )*%p*nents that an HE6

&s )*%pr&sed *+( The M;Gs , the ICE, andthe attery pa) are a'' %a&n )*%p*nentsthat p*0er the /eh&)'e( These e'e%entsneed a 0ay t* e %*n&t*red and )*ntr*''ed0&th sens*rs and )*ntr*''ers(Other de/&)es, s.)h as &n/erters and)*n/erters, ens.re that the r&$ht type 5AC*r DC7 and r&$ht a%*.nt *+ ).rrent &s -e&n$ s.pp'&ed t* the /ar&*.s syste%s &nan HE6(

INNOVATIONS IN HYBRID CARS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Malibuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Malibu


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As 0e n*0 that hyr&d )ars are

+.t.re,there are %any )*%p*nents &n &t

0h&)h )an rep'a)ed t* enhan)e &ts

)apa&'&ty and e++&)&en)y thery t* &n)rease

&ts de%and et0een ).st*%ers(

1(FUEL LESS GRAVITY ENGINE

The &$$est &nn*/at&*n 0h&)h 0e )an add

&n &t &s FEL LESS GRA6IT En$&ne(The

F.e''ess Gra/&ty En$&ne &s an a%a.IMPROVED REGENERATIVE

BREAKING

Re$enerat&/e ra&n$ &s a syste% &n 0h&)h

the e'e)tr&) %*t*r that n*r%a''y dr&/es a

hyr&d *r p.re e'e)tr&) /eh&)'e &s

essent&a''y *perated &n re/erse

5e'e)tr&)a''y7 d.r&n$ ra&n$ *r )*ast&n$(Instead *+ )*ns.%&n$ ener$y t* pr*pe' a

/eh&)'e, the %*t*r a)ts as a $enerat*r that

)har$es the *n*ard atter&es 0&th

e'e)tr&)a' ener$y that 0*.'d n*r%a''y e

'*st as heat thr*.$h trad&t&*na' %e)han&)a'

+r&)t&*n raes( As the %*t*r a)ts &n

re/erse, &t $enerates e'e)tr&)&ty( The

a))*%pany&n$ +r&)t&*n 5e'e)tr&)a'

res&stan)e7 ass&sts the n*r%a' rae pads

&n */er)*%&n$ &nert&a and he'ps s'*0 the/eh&)'e(

2e )an &%pr*/e re$enerat&/e rea&n$ y

&%pr*/&n$ &ts )apa)&ty t* )har$e the

attr&es(I+ 0e 0&'' e a'e t* %.'t&p'y the

)har$e st*red &n the attr&es,0e )an

%.'t&p'y the e++&)&en)y *+ the attery and

hen)e the e++&)&en)y *+ the /eh&)'e(


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Re$enerat&/e rea&n$ syste%

COMPARISION WITH PRESENT

TECHNOLOGY

Gas, d&ese', hyr&d, *r e'e)tr&) E/ery*ne

0ants the&r )ar t* ha/e etter +.e'

e)*n*%y and 0*.'dnt %&nd &+ &ts etter

+*r the en/&r*n%ent(

Ch**s&n$ *+ /eh&)'e depends *n the

).st*%ers &nterest( G* 0&th $as*'&ne &+

y*.re a '*0-%&'ea$e dr&/er, hyr&d +*r )&ty

dr&/&n$, and d&ese' +*r h&$h-%&'ea$e

5%*st'y h&$h0ay7 dr&/&n$(

The %a&nstrea% $as*'&ne en$&ne &s est &+

y*. dr&/e 'ess than !! %&'es a year

e)a.se the sa/&n$s *n +.e' 0*nt %at)h

the pre%&.% y*.re '&e'y t* pay +*r a

hyr&d *r d&ese' )ar( Hyr&d&s the 0&nner &+

y*. )*/er a '*t *+ %&'es &n st*p and $* )&ty

dr&/&n$ *r *n )'*$$ed e8press0ays, 0herera&n$ re)har$es the attery that p*0ers

the e'e)tr&) %*t*r( It he'ps &+ y*.re easy

*n the thr*tt'e and rae ear'y and

s%**th'y &n a hyr&d(

I+ y*. dr&/e a '*t *+ h&$h0ay %&'es, d&ese'

)ars are r&$ht )h*&)e +*r )*st per %&'e

dr&/en, and %*st d&ese' /eh&)'es ha/e

h&$her trade-&n /a'.es than $as*'&ne-

p*0ered )ars( The )ase +*r d&ese' &s

)'earer &n the pre%&.%;sp*rty se$%ent

0here the $as*'&ne en$&ne .ses pre%&.%

+.e', s* the d&ese' pr&)e d&sad/anta$e per

$a''*n *+ +.e' &s 'ess than 1!J(

Th.s Hyr&d )eh&)'es )an e .sed &n +.t.re

y %*d&+y&n$ &t 0&th a*/e statedte)hn*'*$&es s* as t* &%pr*/e +.e'

e)*n*%y and e++&)&en)y *+ the /eh&)'e(

RESULTS

A%*n$ the te)hn*'*$&es 0h&)h ha/e een

.sed t* r.n the )ar,the %*st e++&)&ent &n

ter%s *+ +.e' )*ns.%pt&*n &s Hyr&d

te)hn*'*$y(Hyr&d te)hn*'*$y n*t *n'y

&%pr*/es +.e' )*ns.%pt&*n .t a's*&n)rease e++&)&en)y and red.)e )*%p'e8&ty

*+ the )ars(Th.s y .s&n$ the )*%p*nents

stated a*/e,0e )an .se the Hyr&d )ars

at %.)h h&$her 'e/e' as th&s 0&'' e the

+.t.re *+ the )ars(

CONCLUSIONS

The a*/e paper )*n)'.des that9-

The Hyr&d te)hn*'*$y &s *ne *+ the

&$$est +.t.re $r*0&n$ te)hn*'*$y &n the

0*r'd(As th&s te)hn*'*$y $&/es %a8&%.%

e++&)&en)y and hen)e red.)es the +.e'

)*ns.%pt&*n(

The a*/e stated te)hn*'*$y )an e

&%pr*/ed y .s&n$ the )*%p*nents stated

a*/e &n *rder t* atta&n %a8&%.%e++&)&en)y &n )&ty tra++&)(

2e 0&'' e 'ar$e'y depend&n$ *n th&s

te)hn*'*$y &n +.t.re d.e t* dep'et&*n *+

+*ss&' +.e's(

REFERENCES

H.sa&n, Electric and Hybrid

Vehicles-Design Fundamentals,B*)a Rat*n, CRC Press, >!!"(
http://www.extremetech.com/tag/hybridshttp://www.extremetech.com/tag/hybrids


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D( K( Sant&n&, P( D( Patters*n, and

A( D( 6yas,Importance of vehiclecosts, fuel prices, and fuelefficiency in hybrid electric vehicle

market success,

C*$an, R*n( @Hyr&d Syner$y

Dr&/e G*es ps)a'e(((AndS%a''(@Green Car K*.rna'

5>!!79 >>->"

http9;;000(h*0st.++0*rs()*%;hyr

&d-)ar(ht%

http9;;000(e%&)-

$(*r$;+&'es;I%ap)t*+Hyr&dCar

sF&na'(pd+
http://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm

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Paper on Hybrid Vehicles 1