Panorámica sobre la energía geotérmica en Italia¡mica sobre la energía geotérmica en Italia ... but italian geothermal power producon is large from Bertani, WGC 2015 ... Tongonan

Taller Internacional sobre Energía Geotérmica Intercambio de experiencias y visiones entre Italia y México

PanorámicasobrelaenergíageotérmicaenItalia

[email protected]

Italyisasmallcountry

butitaliangeothermalpowerproduc;onislarge

fromBertani,WGC2015

Geothermalpowerproduc;oninItaly

Italyisthe6thcountryintheworldforinstalledpowercapacity,withtwomaingeothermalareas,Larderello-TravaleandMt.Amiata.916MWofthe2.13GWofEuropeaninstalledcapacitycomesfromItaly

Inthe1960sthepowerindustrywasna;onalisedandalloftheseplantsares;llownedbytheformergovernmentu;lity,nowprivi;zed:Enel(seenextpresenta;on)

The Geysers, 1°

California, USA 1585 MW

Cerro Prieto, 2°

México 727 MW Larderello, 4°

Italy

595 MW Salak 9°

Indonesia 377 MW

Salton Sea, 8°


Coso, 11°


Mak -Ban 6°

Philippines 458 MW

Darajat 12°

Indonesia 260 MW

Hellisheidi, 10°

Iceland 303 MW Tongonan 3°

Philippines

726 MW

Wairakei 7°

New Zealand

399 MW

Larderello,thefirstplaceinthehistorytoproducegeothermalpower,istodaythe4°geothermalfieldintheworldforpowerproduc;on

fromBertani,WGC2015

Afavourablegeologicalcondi;on

Thecomplexgeodynamicalframework,relatedtotheconvergenceofAfricaandEurasiaplates,isevidencedbyyoungvolcanisms,riVstructures,shallowMohodiscon;nuityandreducedlithospherethicknessduetouprisingasthenosphereandthedelamina;onofcrustallithosphereinthewestern,TyrrenianareasofItaly,andthethickorogenicbeltsofAppeninesandAlps.

produceahighheatflow

Es;matedItaliangeothermalresourcespoten;allyharnessablewithin5kmdepthaareintherangeof21exajoule(about500MTOE)(UGI2011).

DATASET:

• 2700Tgrad.meas.(700HFoffshore),• 255newENIboreholes(1980-96)

Est.Error:5-20mWm-2

FactorinducingstronglateralTchangesatshallowdepthsØ highsedimentaMonrate(green)Ø meteoricwaterinfiltraMon(blue)

Ø geothermallowTconvecMvesystems(yellowandviolet)

Ø volcanicareasandhighTsystems(orange)

(DellaVedovaetal.,2001)

HFProvinces:basementHF§ PredictedHFissignificantlyhigherinSouthApennines,Pobasin,forelandareas

§ UndisturbedHFinforelandis45-55mWm-2,comparedtoobs.30-40mWm–2

§ Thisimplieshigherdeepcontribu;onsandtransientcomponentsintheseareas,sugges;ngyoungertectonicages

§ ThedifferencebetweenNandSApenninesislesspronounced

§ ThedeepthermalregimeofTuscany,TyrrhenianSea,Apenninesandforedeepareashasnotyetreachedequilibrium

daDellaVedova

In2010geothermalresourcesweremadeavailabletoprivateinvestorsforelectricityproduc;on,byintroducingacompe;;vepermitsystem.About110‘research’explora;onpermitswererequested,andsometensweregrantedtomainlysmallrenewableenergyorgeologicalconsul;ngcompanies.

MarsiliSMt.

VavilovSMt.

Mainoffshorevolcanicareas

Whilesomeofthegrantedpermitshaveprogressedthroughini;algeologicalstudiesandgeophysicalsurveysnonehaveyetprogressedtoexploratorydrillinganddetailedresourceassessment,despiteencouragingini;alresults.Mainreasons:-lackofsufficientfinancetofacedrillingcostsandrisk-lackofappropriateregulatoryschemesandenergypolicies

From EurObserver 2007

Powerproduc;on

Directuses

GSHP

Spacehea;ng42%

Thermalbalneology

33%

Agriculturaluse7%

Fishfarming17%

Industrialprocessheat

andminoruses1%

DirectUsestotal11,065TJ/y

GeothermalHeatproducMoninItalySectorofapplica;on Capacity(MWt) Energy/TJ/y)

Total GSHP DH Total GSHP DHSpacehea;ng 725 550 92 4607 3211 683

Thermalbalneology 421 3698 Agriculturaluse 69 14 725 82 Fishfarming 122 1927

Industrialprocessheatandminoruses 18 4 108 25

TOTAL 1355 568 92 11065 3318 683

WGC2015

Spacehea;ngisinrapidexpansion,inpar;cularGSHPsystems(increaseof120%infouryearforGSHPand16%byDH)MostDHsareingeothermalpowerproduc;onareas.GeothermalDHusingdeepwellsarein:•  Ferrarainexpansion•  Gradoindevelopment•  Vicenzaproposed-in

development

GSHPDHareexpandinginLombardia(Milano,Brescia)

GeothermalHeatproducMoninItaly

On2011UGI(UnioneGeotermicaItaliana)madeastudytoes;matethepossiblecontribu;onoftheEarth’sheattothecoverageofna;onalenergyrequirementsby2030,withstepsby2012,2015,2020,2025tobeperiodicallyupdated.TheendgoalofthestudywastoprovidetheItalianGovernmentwithfactualelementsonthepossiblemedium-termdeploymentofthisenergysourceinItaly.ScenarioI:currenteconomictrend,useofmatureproduc;ontechnologies,andpricesofcrudeoilatsourceroughlythree;meshigherthantheaverageonesin2010ScenarioII:economictrenddrivenbyvigorousenvironmentalpolicies,useofbothmatureandadvancedproduc;ontechnologies,andpricesofcrudeoilatsourcesourceroughlyfour;meshigherthantheaverageonesin2010

Benefits expected from geothermal development

Technical and environmental benefits: •  Savings in terms of oil-‐equivalent (3.35-‐4.44 MTOE by 2030) •  Avoided CO2 emissions (9.76-‐12.82 MT by 2030) •  Contribu;on to coverage of total energy consump;on (1.5-‐2% by

2030, the actual value is 0.7%)

Economic-‐social and scienMfic benefits: •  New permanent jobs (100,000-‐200,000 new jobs by 2030) •  New investments (1,200-‐2,000 M€ by 2030) •  New R&D, in par;cular to develop unconven;nal geothermal

systems

Measures at na;onal and ins;tu;onal level

•  strong commitment by Government, poli;cal par;es and ins;tu;ons to enac;ng legisla;on in support of renewables (RES) and, in par;cular, of geothermal energy;

•  Na;onal Energy Plan (NEP) including goals of development of all RES un;l 2030;

•  secure and prolonged incen;ves for RES with no or minimum environmental impact;

•  na;onal legisla;on and specific guidelines aimed at harmonizing regional regula;ons on geothermal development;

•  R&D programs with project objec;ves targeted at each RES; •  a special R&D project focused on “non-‐conven;onal geothermal

systems”, to be implemented within 2020; •  systema;c campaigns to build awareness among the public at large of

the economic and environmental advantages of the Earth’s heat.

Measures at local and regional level

•  Regional energy plans for all Italian Regions, quan;ta;ve targets for each RES, including geothermal, and relying on regula;ons specifically tailored to the development of direct uses;

•  regional surveys of energy-‐intensive areas in order to assess heat demand and quan;fy the expected share from geothermal development;

•  compara;ve market studies on demand for low temperature heat; •  quan;fica;on of CO2 emissions from the different sources of energy

used for space hea;ng; •  replacement of old hea;ng systems in at least half of public buildings

with systems using RES and in par;cular natural heat; •  financial incen;ves for installa;on of geothermal hea;ng & cooling

systems in new large buildings; •  training of geothermal heat pump designers, installers and

maintenance operators; •  campaigns in schools to raise awareness of the Earth’s heat and its

advantages.

Main requirements A comprehensive identification of

resources and opportunities, as well as an accessible collection of data and

information

A clear and easy to follow regulation for authorizations in the exploration, drilling and exploitation phases of the project

The promotion and dissemination of technology, values, economics

Research and technological development

Projects and efforts: VIGOR

Evaluation of Geothermal Potential for the Regioni Convergenza

An Agreement between the Ministry for Economic Development and CNR, funded in the frame of POI for RES, targe;ng at development of geothermal demonstra;on projects (power produc;on and direct uses)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche DTA

www.vigor-geotermia.it

Valutazione del potenziale geotermico, redazione di mappe di potenziale e distribuzione di temperatura a varie profondità

Valutazione di detaglio mediante geofisica in Sicilia

Analisi regime autorizza;vo nazionale e regionale

Studio di accetabilità sociale sulla geotermia

Prodou editoriali con descrizioni generali e tecniche

Sito web per la pubblicazione del materiale

8 studi di faubilità comple;

Shallow geothermal potenMal (GSHP, closed loop)

THE PRODUCTS OF VIGOR



Φ

λ

Tm

Tg

Fourier’s Law L = 100 m

Thermal energy that can be exchanged by a unit volume of ground for a reference GSHP plant

SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL



SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL

Total borehole length needed to saMsfy H&C demand of a reference house (100 m2)

Thermal energy that can be exchanged by a unit volume of ground

Thermal conducMvity

Heat flow

Surface temperature

Graound (50 m depth) temperature

Thermal conducMvity



Economic Technical PotenMal [MW/km2]

Thermal Energy produced by a technology (TC=H x technology efficiency) per unit volume

H is the maximum theore;cally extractable heat in the reservoir per unit volume (thickness = 100 m)

Geothermal Poten;als for a lifecycle of 30 years and different Recovery Factors (GP=TC x R / 30 years)

Technical Poten;al for LCOE < threshold (200 €/MWh power, 9 €/GJ heat ) and using expected flowrate from a doublet system

VIGOR THERMOGIS



Levelized Cost Of Energy [LCOE, €/MWe, €/JG] Calculated for power, district hea;ng and direct heat uses Depends on: •  Drilling cost (depth, s;mula;on, pump, ...) •  Economic life;me •  Flowrate & temperature •  Power surface facili;es (O&M, plant

inves;ment, …) •  Complementary electricity/heat sales •  Economic factors (infla;on, interest rate on

debit, tax) Flowrate depends on transmissivity, delta pressure applied at reservoir level and viscosity Specific rou;nes redistributes the permeability according to Montecarlo simula;on From transmissivity average on drilled interval, cumula;ve probability of expected flowrate is considered

Power product.

District heaMng

Direct uses

Tmin 120 80 45

T-‐reinject 80 40 35 Economic Model

power heat heat

LCOE < 200 €/MWe

9 €/GJ 9 €/GJ











Heat in place

Technical poten

;al

DH

DH&C

Power produc;on

•  Economic-‐technical potenMal for power producMon •  Saved oil •  Saved CO2 emissions




Valutazione di detaglio mediante geofisica (TDM elitrasportato) in Sicilia

















Impianto Pilota per la produzione di energia

elettrica e teleriscaldamento

Piscina termale Teleriscaldamento scuole

pubbliche

Dissalatore

Climatizzazione uffici pubblici (CNR-IRSA) e valutazione impatto

Efficientamento processi produttivi produzione pasta

Climatizzazione uffici pubblici

Trattamento fanghi reflui

Teleclimatizzazione























PotenMal recovered in the four Regions, to balance the four Coverage of applica;on (direct uses may cover wide sectors of the territory, crea;ng the required wide involvement in terms of occupa;on, market, business) Ø  Complete system approach (from data to regulaMon to feasibility); Ø  Coopera;on (Ministry-‐CNR and then CNR-‐research insMtutes and

universiMes); Ø  Project management quality (integrated approach environment/

territories/technologies); Ø  Promo;on of local uses, by comprehensive presentaMon of opportuniMes; Ø  Iden;fica;on of proper financial opportuni;es, from incenMves to

financial support.

MAIN RESULTS

Atlante Geotermico and its Favourability maps

q  Geothermal favourability maps relies on available data and refer to a territory favourable and suitable to have the geothermal resource in the underground. Ø  In this study, areas are classified as more or less favourable for the poten;al

use of geothermal technologies for power producMon q  ≠ geothermal poten;al (energy) q Many studies have been carried out in the last 10 years with different approaches

(e.g.Pro Ledesma), we developed the one we considered more suitable to our geological condi;ons

The Geothermal Atlas Project provided for the favourability assessment of conven;onal and unconven;onal geothermal resources in Central and Southern Italy.

Atlante Geotermico and its Favourability maps

Da: Trumpy et al. (2015)

Effec;ve reservoir

Reservoir top temperature

Permebility distribu;on

Geochemical informa;on

Geothermal Italy

Many opportuni;es and many barriers to a complete development New research project (DESCRAMBLE for superhot systems) Regula;on in discussion, possibly in development and op;miza;on Energy policy in development, following EU trends Global assessment of the territory Social engagement R&D Dissemina;on and promo;on

Gracias por su atención

Documents

Panorámica sobre la energía geotérmica en Italia¡mica sobre la energía geotérmica en Italia ... but italian geothermal power producon is large from Bertani, WGC 2015 ... Tongonan