The Panhandle A and B Equations for Natural Gas Flow

ParametersInlet pressure (absolute) 998Outlet pressure (absolute) 913Pressure, std condition (absolute) 14.7Temperature std condition (absolute) 530Mean temperature of line (absolute) 560Inside diameter 18.5Pipe length 10Gas relative density (air=1) 0.6Mean gas compressibility 0.85Pipeline efficiency 0.95Mean gas viscosity 1Elevation of exit above entrance 20

Flowrates (std conditions)Panhandle A 349505515.3Panhandle B 338635377.81

For more engineering spreadsheets go to http://excelcalculations.blogspot.com

The Panhandle A and B Equations for Natural Gas Flow Pressure units Temperature Units Length units

psia F inPa K m

miles

Inlet pressureOutlet pressurePressure, std conditionTemperature std conditionMean temperature of lineInside diameterPipe lengthGas relative density (air=1)Mean gas compressibilityPipeline efficiencyPipe effective roughnessMean gas viscositysLePanhandle APanhandle b

Viscosity Volume flowrate

Pa s ft^3/daycP m^3/s

Unit Value in Imperial1 9981 9131 14.71 5301 5601 18.53 10

2 11 7.8781512605E-05

10.00039391792151 349505515.2957771 338635377.810175

The Panhandle A and B Equations for Natural Gas Flow

This Excel spreadsheet calculates the Panhandle A and B equations for the flow of natural gas through high pressure pipelines. You can choose between USCS (field units) or SI units, and even mix both (the spreadsheet does the unit conversion for you).

With Excel's Goal Seek function, you can also back-solve. For example, you can ask Excel to calculate the exit pressure that gives you a desired flowrate.

As a caveat, the equations were originally developed for long pipelines; hence their use in shorter runs may not be appropriate

These are the equations implemented in the spreadsheet.

Weymouth (1912) developed the general gas flow equation. However, a limitation is that the friction factor can only be obtained iteratively. Hence simpler relationships based on the gas flow equation were developed, including the Weymouth equation and the Panhandle A (developed in the 1940s) and B (developed in 1956) equations. These correlations simply substituted equations for the transmission factor (i.e. the friction factor) into the general gas flow equation.

The Panhandle equations are considered fairly accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4 million and 40 million. Panhandle A is best suited for 12-60 inch diameter pipelines at pressures between 800 psia to 1500 psia. Panhandle B is most often used for pipes with a diameter of 36 inches or larger, and pressures above 1000 psia. Gas flows in pipelines with diameters of 15 inches or below are better modeled by the Weymouth equation.

The notation is defined in a prior blog post that explores the Weymouth equation.

Download Excel spreadsheet for the Panhandle A and B equations for natural gas flow

The Panhandle A and B Equations for Natural Gas Flow

This Excel spreadsheet calculates the Panhandle A and B equations for the flow of natural gas through high pressure pipelines. You can choose between USCS (field units) or SI units, and even mix both (the spreadsheet does the unit conversion for you).

With Excel's Goal Seek function, you can also back-solve. For example, you can ask Excel to calculate the exit pressure that gives you a desired flowrate.

As a caveat, the equations were originally developed for long pipelines; hence their use in shorter runs may not be appropriate

Weymouth (1912) developed the general gas flow equation. However, a limitation is that the friction factor can only be obtained iteratively. Hence simpler relationships based on the gas flow equation were developed, including the Weymouth equation and the Panhandle A (developed in the 1940s) and B (developed in 1956) equations. These correlations simply substituted equations for the transmission factor (i.e. the friction factor) into the general gas flow equation.

The Panhandle equations are considered fairly accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4 million and 40 million. Panhandle A is best suited for 12-60 inch diameter pipelines at pressures between 800 psia to 1500 psia. Panhandle B is most often used for pipes with a diameter of 36 inches or larger, and pressures above 1000 psia. Gas flows in pipelines with diameters of 15 inches or below are better modeled by the Weymouth equation.

Download Excel spreadsheet for the Panhandle A and B equations for natural gas flow

This Excel spreadsheet calculates the Panhandle A and B equations for the flow of natural gas through high pressure pipelines. You can choose between USCS (field units) or SI units, and even mix both (the spreadsheet does the unit conversion for you).

Weymouth (1912) developed the general gas flow equation. However, a limitation is that the friction factor can only be obtained iteratively. Hence simpler relationships based on the gas flow equation were developed, including the Weymouth equation and the Panhandle A (developed in the 1940s) and B (developed in 1956) equations. These correlations simply substituted equations for the transmission factor (i.e. the friction factor) into the general gas flow equation.

The Panhandle equations are considered fairly accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4 million and 40 million. Panhandle A is best suited for 12-60 inch diameter pipelines at pressures between 800 psia to 1500 psia. Panhandle B is most often used for pipes with a diameter of 36 inches or larger, and pressures above 1000 psia. Gas flows in pipelines with diameters of 15 inches or below are better modeled by the Weymouth equation.

Weymouth (1912) developed the general gas flow equation. However, a limitation is that the friction factor can only be obtained iteratively. Hence simpler relationships based on the gas flow equation were developed, including the Weymouth equation and the Panhandle A (developed in the 1940s) and B (developed in 1956) equations. These correlations simply substituted equations for the transmission factor (i.e. the friction factor) into the general gas flow equation.

The Panhandle equations are considered fairly accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4 million and 40 million. Panhandle A is best suited for 12-60 inch diameter pipelines at pressures between 800 psia to 1500 psia. Panhandle B is most often used for pipes with a diameter of 36 inches or larger, and pressures above 1000 psia. Gas flows in pipelines with diameters of 15 inches or below are better modeled by the Weymouth equation.

Weymouth (1912) developed the general gas flow equation. However, a limitation is that the friction factor can only be obtained iteratively. Hence simpler relationships based on the gas flow equation were developed, including the Weymouth equation and the Panhandle A (developed in the 1940s) and B (developed in 1956) equations. These correlations simply substituted equations for the transmission factor (i.e. the friction factor) into the general gas flow equation.

The Panhandle equations are considered fairly accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4 million and 40 million. Panhandle A is best suited for 12-60 inch diameter pipelines at pressures between 800 psia to 1500 psia. Panhandle B is most often used for pipes with a diameter of 36 inches or larger, and pressures above 1000 psia. Gas flows in pipelines with diameters of 15 inches or below are better modeled by the Weymouth equation.