“Creating a Recycling Infrastructure for ELVs in India”

Richard Paul Environmental Management Consultant

Society of Automotive Engineers USA

Why the Automotive Industry Needs to be Sustainable

Because,

1. Worldwide vehicle production is nearly 80

million vehicles per year,

2. Worldwide transport activity - vehicle

kilometers traveled (VKT) is nearly 20 billion

3. Worldwide Vehicle CO2 emissions are nearly

12% of the total anthropogenic emissions.

Although cars have been around for over 100 years, only 12% of the worlds population own a vehicle.

U.S. Vehicle Recycling Infrastructure

End-of-life Vehicle (10-12 million/yr)

Automobile Dismantler

Reusable Parts -Engines -Transmissions -Doors -Bumpers

Recycle Fluids Engine oil Coolant Refrigerant Gasoline

Recycle Materials Battery Catalytic converter Tires Plastics (bumpers)

Automobile Shredder

Auto Shredder Residue

Approximately 18% by weight

Landfill ASR is approximately

1.5% of material sent to landfill

(by volume)

Ferrous Metals Approximately 72% Of vehicle by weight

Nonferrous metals Approximately 3%

Of vehicle by weight

New Products -New vehicles -Vehicle components -Building construction

ASR is composed of: Plastics – 38% Rubber – 21% Glass – 12% Fluids – 12% Other – 15% (paper, foam, fabric) In most states ASR is non-hazardous landfill material and may be used as landfill day cover to control erosion, leaching, pests, etc.

Remanufacturered Parts -Starters -Alternators -Water pumps -Clutches -Condensors

Existing Vehicle

New Vehicle

A variety of recycled material may also be used in new vehicle production such as: lead from old batteries, plastics from consumer products, rubber from old tires, windshields from industrial glass scrap, sound deadening material from carpet.

Car Recycling Steps: 1. Pretreatment 2. Dismantling 3. Metal Separation 4. Landfill disposal

1 2

3

4

Other New Products

Best Management Practices

Vehicle Storage Area – Initial leak detection and management

Dismantling Area – Spill prevention control

Parts Washing Systems – Water based and controlled

Engine-Transmission Storage - to be resold; Indoor or covered on pads

Core Storage – core and other parts – Indoor or covered on pads

Tire Storage – Indoor or time and number limited

Battery Storage – Indoor or covered on pad; time and number limited

Storm Water Pollution Protection Plans

CFC Collection and storage

Hazardous waste handling and storage

Pre-treatment of End-of-Life Vehicles

Materials Collected by Most Recyclers • Fuel

• Engine oil

• Coolant

• Wiper fluid

• Transmission oil

• Brake fluid • Power steering oil

• Refrigerant

• Batteries

• Tires

• Airbags

• Mercury switches

Materials not Routinely Collected:

•Glass

•Interior/Exterior Plastic Parts

•Vibration damper fluids

•Seat foam

Dismantling of End-of-Life Vehicles

Parts Collected for Resale – Wheels – Engines – Transmissions – Doors – Bumpers – Compressors – Headlamps – Radiators – Fenders – Front Assembly – Rear Assembly

CORE Collection Cores* Collected for Remanufacturing

– Engines

– Transmissions

– Brake callipers

– AC Condensers

– Starters

– Alternators

– Compressors

– Power Steering racks

– Bumpers

– Wheels

– Electronic Control Modules

*Cores are Cash on Return Parts

Recycled, recovered, reused

─ Fluids

─ Ferrous and non-ferrous metals

─ Tires

─ Non-metal parts

Recover 82% of original salvage weight

─ Approx 500,000 Metric Tons from

600,000 vehicles

GHG reduction comparison amounts from metal recycling.

Annual reductions equal:

─ Annual emissions of 92,000 person city

─ Absorbed by forest of 326 sq. miles or

─ 23,000 automobile lifetime emissions

Reducing Environmental Impact

Pretreatment - 3%

Landfill - 18%

Steel – 68%

Tires - 3%

Non-metal Parts - <1%

Copper - 1%

Zinc - <1%

Aluminum - 7%

Materials Recovery

Basic Recommendations

• Establish roles of Stakeholders (OEM, Recyclers, Government)

• Vehicle Collection, Monitoring and Deregistration • Vehicle Processing

– Manage Fluid Collection – Hazardous Waste Management – Pollution Prevention

• Worker Safety • Metals Recovery • Facility Operation • Develop Remanufacturing Infrastructure