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Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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THE GDI REVOLUTION Presented to: Driving Automotive Innovation Workshop, September 13, 2016 Presented by: Heiko Weller, VP of Gasoline Systems Engineering, Robert Bosch LLC
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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World-Wide Powertrain Sales Forecast
1) Estimation Bosch
Results based on NEDC; WLTP not yet considered CNG incl. bifuel
The GDI Revolution
The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Why GDI? Why Now? Turbo Charging
Variable Valve Timing
Gasoline Direct Injection
Around since the 1960’s. Recuperates exhaust gas energy to boost intake air pressure, resulting in increased power. Remained a niche technology through 2010 primarily due to turbo lag
Became common equipment in the mid-90’s. Allows precise control of airflow in/out of the cylinder
First applied by Bosch in the 1950’s, industrialized from 2000 onwards. Allows precision injection of gasoline directly into the cylinder and optimization of the combustion process
SCAVENGING Air is swept through the combustion chamber to spool up the turbo charger even at low RPMs
The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Why GDI? Why Now?
Downsizing Fuel Economy More power from a smaller package…
• Fewer cylinders
• Less friction
• Less loss at idle
• Lower engine weight
• Lower vehicle weight
Cylinders
Time
8
6
4
3
Turbo Charging
Variable Valve Timing
Gasoline Direct Injection
SCAVENGING
Fuel economy improves despite…
• More CUVs/SUVs/Pick-ups
• Larger footprint
• Increased horsepower
Change in Adjusted Fuel Economy, Weight, and Horsepower for MY 1975-2015
Source: EPA LD Trends 1975-2015, Dec. 2015
The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Picking up the Pace of ICE Technology Mio. Vehicles/Year
GDI GTDI
2nd Gen GTDI
PFDI
CVO
350 Bar
Cooled EGR?
6 Speed AT
8 Speed AT
10 Speed AT
CVT
Water Injection?
GD
I Eng
ine
Pro
duct
ion
in N
A
10 -
8 -
6 -
4 -
2 -
12 -
Powertrain Technology Milestones: 14 -
Direct Injection System
Source: Bosch Internal Estimate (AMPI 2016}
Optimizing the Powertrain The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Background: • Overall goal is to operate engine at high fuel efficiency
regions as frequently as possible. Best fuel efficiency normally at high load/low engine speed conditions
• Traditional PFI engines generally operated at higher engine speeds and lower loads
Powertrain Optimization:
• GTDI enables downsizing, which moves the operating point into the higher load area
• High speed transmissions enable downspeeding, which keeps the engine speed low
Load
– B
ME
P (b
ar)
Engine Speed (RPM)
Fuel Economy Strategy:
The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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CO2 Reduction Roadmap
ɛ = Compression Ratio FR = Friction Reduction DI = Direct Injection DZ = Downsizing w/ Turbo SGDI = Stratified Lean Burn CDA = Cylinder Deactivation high ɛ = High Compression BRS = Boost Rec. System CVT = Continuous Variable Tra. cEGR = Cooled Exhaust Gas AT8+ = 8/9/10 speed Simulation for FTP75 test cycle
Powertrain Measures Engine Measures
Sources of Particles System Approaches to Increase Efficiency and Reduce Particulates
The GDI Revolution
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Next Steps in GDI – Meeting the Emissions Challenge
Increased Pressure:
Laser Drilling:
Spray Targeting:
Reduced penetration
0mm
10mm
20mm
30mm
40mm
50mm
60mm
70mm
80mm
0mm
10mm
20mm
30mm
40mm
50mm
60mm
70mm
80mm
Advanced Combustion: Optimized Calibration, CVO, & Multi-Injection:
Diffusion Combustion: � 1. Piston surface wetting � 2. Combustion chamber roof wetting
� 3. Injector tip fuel deposits � 4. Droplets in combustion zone
Inhomogeneous Mixture: � 5. Fuel vapor phase (l<1) � 6. HC in crevices (l<1)
Gasoline Systems | GS/NE-NA | 09/13/2016 © 2016 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Thank you for your attention! Questions?