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Draft guideline:
Guidelines for the conduct of test for Distinctiveness,
Uniformity and Stability
on
Palak / Spinach beet
(Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Roxb.)
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPV&FRA)
Government of India
New Delhi-110002
2
CONTENTS
Particulars Page
I. Subject
II. Seed Material Required
III. Conduct of Tests
IV. Methods and Observations
V. Grouping of Varieties
VI. Characteristics and Symbols
VII. Table of Characteristics
VIII. Explanation on the Table of Characteristics
IX. Working Group Details
X. DUS Testing Centres
3
Palak / Spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Roxb.)
I. Subject
These test guidelines shall apply to all varieties of Palak (Spinach beet).
II. Material required
1. The Protection of Plant Varieties and farmers Rights Authority (PPV&FRA) shall decide
when, where and in what quantity and quality of the seed material required for testing the
variety, is to be delivered. Applicants submitting material from a country other than India
shall make sure that all customs and phytosanitory formalities are complied with.
2. The minimum quantity of seed to be supplied by the applicant shall be:
Varieties : 250 g (in one submission only).
3. The seed material shall meet the minimum germination percentage (80%), moisture
content (<8%), physical purity (98%) and genetic purity (100%) as prescribed for seed
certification in India. Especially for storage, which requires a higher standard, the
applicant shall state the actual germination percentage, which shall be as high as possible.
4. The planting material must not have undergone any treatment unless the competent
authority allow or reject such treatment. If it has been treated, full details of the treatment
must be given.
III. Conduct of tests
1. The minimum duration of tests shall normally be two independent but similar growing
seasons with reference to the ecosystem of the variety submitted for DUS testing.
2. The test shall normally be conducted at two test locations. If any essential characteristic
of the variety cannot be observed at these places, the variety may be tested at an
additional place.
3. The test shall be carried out under conditions ensuring normal growth. The size of the
plot shall be such that plants or parts of plant may be removed for measuring and
counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the
growing period. Each test shall include a minimum of 150 plants, which should be
divided among 3 replications. Separate plots for observation and for measurement, can
only be used if they have been subjected to similar environmental conditions.
4
4. Test Plot Design
Number of rows : 5
Row length : 2 m
Plant to plant distance : 20 cm
Row to Row distance : 50 cm
Number of replications : 3
5. Observations shall not be recorded on plants in border rows.
6. Observation shall be recorded from 10 plants from each replication.
IV. Methods and observations
1. The characteristics described in the table of characteristics (see Section VII) shall be used
for the testing of varieties for DUS
2. For the assessment of distinctiveness and stability, observation shall be made on 30 plants
or parts of plants, which shall be divided among 3 replications (10 plants in each
replication).
3. For the assessment of Uniformity of characteristics in the plot as a whole (visual assessment
by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants), a population standard of 1%
with an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In case of a sample size
of 150 plants, the number of off-types should not exceed 2.
4. For the assessment of all colour characteristics, Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Colour
Chart shall be used.
5. Observations on the leaf blade shall be made on the seventh to tenth leaves from base of the
adult, not bolted plant.
6. Stage of recording observation on specific characteristic shall be as follows
Description Code
a. Cotyledons completely unfolded 10
b. Leaves attaining harvestable maturity 20
c. 50% of the flowering stage 30
d. Full seed maturity 40
5
V. Grouping of varieties
1. The selected varieties to be grown in the trial shall be divided into groups to facilitate the
assessment of distinctness. Characteristics, which are suitable for grouping purpose, are
those which are known from experience not to vary, or to vary only to lesser extent,
within a variety. The states of expression (even produced at different locations) shall be
fairly and evenly distributed throughout the collection.
2. It is recommended that the competent authorities use the following characteristics for
grouping of Palak / Spinach beet varieties.
a. Leaf : Leaf blade: intensity of green color (characteristic 7)
b. Leaf : Leaf blade: anthocyanin coloration (characteristic 11)
c. Petiole : Petiole: color (characteristic 14)
d. Petiole : Petiole: width (characteristic 16)
e. Plant : Plant: time of bolting (characteristic 18)
f. Seed : Seed : spines (characteristic 19)
VI. Characteristics and symbols
1. To assess Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability, the characteristics and their states as
given in the Table of Characteristics shall be used.
2. Notes (1-9) shall be used for the purpose of recording and electronic processing of data.
Each state of expression is allotted a corresponding numerical note (1-9) for the different
characteristics.
3. Legend
(*) Characteristics that shall be used every growing season for the examination of all the
varieties and shall always be included in the description of the variety, except when the
states of expression of any of these characters is rendered impossible by a preceding
characteristic or by the environmental conditions of the testing region. Under such
exceptional situation, adequate explanation shall be provided.
(+) See explanation on the Table of Characteristic in Section VIII
4. Type of assessment of characteristics indicated in column 7 of Table of Characteristics is
as follows
MG: Measurement by a single observation on a group of plants or parts of plants
MS: Measurement on a number of individual plant or parts of plants
VG: Visual assessment by a single observation on a group of plants or parts of plants
VS: Visual assessment by observation on individual plant or parts of plants
6
VII. Table of Characteristics
Sl.No Traits States Note Example Varieties Stage of
Observation
Type of
assessment
1.
(*)
Seedling:
anthocyanin
coloration
Absent 1 Pusa Harit, All Green,
Co-1
10 VG
Present 9 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, HS-23
2.
Seedling:
intensity of
anthocyanin
coloration
Weak 3 Pusa Bharathi, Pusa
Harit
10 VG
Medium 5 Arka Anupama, HS-23
Strong 7 -
3.
(*)
(+)
Leaf: length Short (<20 cm) 3 - 20 MS
Medium (20.1-
30 cm)
5 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, All Green,
Co-1
Long (>30 cm) 7 Pusa Harit, HS-23
4.
(*)
Leaf: attitude
Erect 1 Arka Anupama, All
Green, HS-23
20 VG
Semi-erect 2 Pusa Harit, Co-1
Prostate 3 -
5.
(*)
(+)
Leaf blade:
length
Short (<10 cm) 3 - 20 MS
Medium (10.1-
15 cm)
5 -
Long (>15 cm) 7 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, Pusa Harit,
All Green, HS-23
6.
(*)
(+)
Leaf blade:
width
Narrow(<8 cm) 3 - 20 MS
Medium (8.1-9
cm)
5 Arka Anupama, Co-1
Broad (>9 cm) 7 Pusa Bharathi, Pusa
Harit, HS-23
7.
(*)
Leaf blade:
intensity of
green color
Light 3 - 20 VG
Medium 5 Pusa Bharathi, HS-23,
Co-1
Dark 7 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Harit
8.
(*)
Leaf blade:
glossiness
Dull 3 Pusa Harit 20 VG
Medium 5 Pusa Bharathi, HS-23,
All Green
Bright 7 Co-1
9. Leaf blade: Weak 3 HS-23 20 VG
7
(*)
blistering Medium 5 Pusa Bharathi, Co-1
Strong 7 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Harit
10.
(*)
(+)
Leaf blade:
lobing
Very weak 1 Pusa Bharathi, HS-23 20 VG
Weak 3 Arka Anupama, All
Green
Medium 5 -
Strong 7 -
11.
(*)
Leaf blade:
anthocyanin
coloration
Absent 1 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, Pusa Harit,
Co-1, HS-23, All
Green
20 VG
Present 9 -
12.
(*)
(+)
Leaf blade:
shape (excluding
basal lobes)
Triangular 1 - 20 VG
Medium ovate 2 Pusa Bharathi, Pusa
Harit, All Green,
HS-23
Broad ovate 3 Arka Anupama, Co-1
Medium
elliptic
4 -
Broad elliptic 5 -
13.
(*)
(+)
Leaf blade:
shape of apex
Acute 1 HS-23 20 VG
Obtuse 2 Pusa Bharathi, All
Green
Rounded 3 Arka Anupama
14.
(*)
Petiole: color White 1 - 20 VG
Green 2 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, Pusa Harit,
Co-1, HS-23,
All Green
Pink 3 -
purple 4 -
15.
(*)
(+)
Petiole: length
(cm)
Short (<10 cm) 3 - 20 MS
Medium (10.1-
12 cm)
5 Arka Anupama, All
Green
Long (>12 cm) 7 Pusa Bharathi, Pusa
Harit, HS-23
16.
(*)
(+)
Petiole: width
(cm)
Narrow (< 0.6) 3 Pusa Bharathi 20 MS
Medium (0.61-
0.8)
5 Arka Anupama,
All Green, HS-23
Broad (> 0.8) 7 -
8
17.
(+)
Petiole: attitude Erect 1 Arka Anupama,
Pusa Harit, Co-1
20 VG
Semi -erect 2 Pusa Bharathi, HS-23
Horizontal 3 -
18.
(*)
(+)
Time of bolting Early (<65
days)
3 Arka Anupama 30 VG
Medium (65.1-
70 days)
5 All Green, HS-23,
Co-1
Late (>70 days) 7 Pusa Bharathi, Pusa
Harit
19.
(*)
(+)
Seed: spines
(harvested seed)
Absent 1 Arka Anupama, Pusa
Bharathi, Pusa Harit,
Co-1, HS-23, All
Green
40 VG
Present 9 -
20.
Resistance to
Cercospora sps
(Specify the
infestation or
infection using
any 1-9 scale)
Very low or no
visible sign of
susceptibility
1 - 40 VG
Low 3 Arka Anupama
Intermediate 5 Pusa Bharathi,
All Green
High 7 -
Very high 9 -
9
VIII. Explanations on the Table of Characteristics
Characteristic 3 Leaf: Length (a)
Characteristic 5 Leaf blade: Length (b)
Characteristic 6. Leaf blade: Width (e)
Characteristic 15. Petiole: Length (c)
Characteristic 16. Petiole: Width (d)
Characteristic 10. Leaf blade: Lobing
1 3 5 7
Absent or very weak Weak Medium Strong
10
Characteristic 12. Leaf blade: Shape (excluding basal lobes)
1 2 3 4 5
Triangular Medium
ovate
Broad ovate Medium
elliptic
Broad elliptic
Characteristic 13. Leaf blade: Shape of apex
1 2 3
Acute Obtuse Rounded
11
Characteristic 17. Petiole: Attitude
1 2 3
Erect Semi -erect Horizontal
Characteristic 18. Plant: Time of bolting
The time of bolting of a plant is when the central flowering stem appears through stretching of
the internodes
Characteristic 19. Seed: Spines
1 9
Absent Present
IX. Working Group Details
The Test Guidelines developed by the IIHR, Bangalore was finalized by the Task Force
Committee (10/2014) constituted by the PPV & FR Authority.
The Members of the Task Force (10/2014)
1. Dr. D.L. Maheswar
Vice-Chancellor, University of Horticultural Sciences,
Udyanagiri, Near Seemekeri Cross, Hubli Bypass Road,
Navanagar, Bagalkot-587103
Chairman
2. Dr. B. Singh
Director, & Project Coordinator (Vegetables)
Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,
Post Box No. 1, P.O. Jakhini, Varanasi- 221005
Member
3. Dr. P. S. Sirohi
Ex-Head, Division of Vegetable Science, IARI, EA-172,
Near Arya Samaj Mandir, Inderpuri, New Delhi-110012
Member
12
4. Dr. B. Varalakshmi
Principal Scientist & PI, Nodal Centre,
Division of Vegetable crops, Indian Institute of Horticultural
Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089
Member
5. Dr. N. K. Biradar Patil
Prof. & Head (Seed Science & Technology) and
Special Officer(Seeds), UAS, Dharwad- 580005, Karnataka
Special Invitee
6. Dr. T. R. Shashidhar
Assistant Prof. (Seed Science & Technology)
Prof. of Horticulture, UAS, Dharwad- 580005, Karnataka
Special Invitee
7. Dr. Revanappa
Professor &Head, Dept. of Vegetable Science,
UHS, Bagalkot-587103
Special Invitee
8. Dr. Ravi Prakash
Registrar, PPV & FRA, New Delhi Member Secretary
Nodal Officer
Dr B. Varalakshmi, Principal Scientist (Hort.), Division of Vegetable Crops, Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Lake Post, Bengaluru-560089 (Karnataka).
Co-Nodal Officer
Dr T. K. Behera, Principal Scientist (Hort.), Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012
IX. DUS testing centers
Nodal Centre Other Centre
Dr B. Varalakshmi
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,
Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru-560089
(Karnataka).
Dr T. K. Behera
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa,
New Delhi-110012