UNICEFPAKISTAN

Pakistan- Empowering communities to end open defecation using participatory community-led approaches

KITKA GOYOL

Pakistan Sanitation

Profile

42% of population do not have an access to at least basic sanitation facilities– (JMP 2017)

53,000 children Under 5 die every year of diarrhea – (PDHS 2012 – 2013)

12% of population defecate in the open (JMP 2017)

44% children are stunted (PNNS 2011)

Introduction

SITUATION

5th HIGHESTNumber of people Practicing open defecation in the world

25 MILLIONPeople defecate in the open

93% in the richest group

18% in the poorest group have access to at least basic sanitation

58% population has access to improved sanitation facilities

Urban0% people in Urban areas are practicing open defecation

Rural19% people in Rural areas are practicing open defecation

Rural

RAPID URBANIZATION

Urban

Urban Rural

53,000 Under five Children DIE EVERY YEAR due to diarrhea

HEALTH IMPACT ECONOMIC IMPACTTotal Economic Cost of Poor Sanitation is Equal to

=PKR 343.7 BILLION= $5.7 BILLION

CHALLENGES

Lack of WASH SectorCoordination

Sustainability and system strengthening

SOLUTIONSFollow up from frontline health workers

Improver WASH governance

Monitoring

Operation & maintenance

Scaling up community led sanitation

• PATS (Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation) - social and behaviourchange techniques

• 9.2 million people certified for Open Defecation Free status (ODF) in 2010-2016

• Advocacy -provincial policies to scale up PATS nationwide.

• US$4 million allocated by Punjab government to end Open Defecation (OD) by 2020.

District LevelOpen DefectionPREVALENCE in Pakistan

Sustainable WASH for rural populations

UNICEF ODF PROGRAMME SUCCESS Cumulative beneficiaries millions

PAKISTAN ODF SUCCESS % (millions of people)

Evidence to address challenges related to sustainability:

• Communities’ willingness to become and sustain Open Defecation Free status

• Community action plans- sustaining the gains.

• Findings of Sustainability check & follow up actions

• Third party field monitoring reports

• Introduction of secondary level certification on ODF status

RECENTLY INCREASED COMMITMENT & INVESTMENT FROM GOVERNMENTPunjab Government announce targeting ODF Punjab by 2020.

CREATE ENABLING ENVIRONMENTPolicy, strategies, legislation, sector development plans for scaling up for programme.

INTERSECTORAL LINKAGEWASH programme on stunting, polio, education and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR).

FURTHER DRIVERS OF SUCCESS

Going forward:

• Adjusted PATS to align with SDG targets (6.1 and 6.2)

• Programming shift from service delivery to system strengthening, community empowerment, leveraging resources increased government ownership & leadership

• Sustain integrated programming: Linking humanitarian response with development (long term intervention)

Policy Advocacy for more allocation of public sector funds

Capacity building & sensitization of duty bearers

to influence better WASH sector budget

allocations

Support government scale-up of sanitation

(ODF, stunting reduction, SDG roll

out in Pakistan)

Evidence generation: sustainability check,

Value for Money studies, & continuous

evaluation

Coordination of WASH related humanitarian

assistance – WASH cluster lead

Support government participation at

PACOSAN, SACOSAN & SWA (forums)

Less direct service delivery & more on

leveraging resources

Triggering ODF through Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) at community level

“It is unfortunate that lack of sanitationfacilities is one of the major causes ofhigh child mortality rate in Pakistan,

despite the fact that cleanliness is declared as half the faith in Islam”.

Honorable President of Pakistan (Mr Mamnoon Hussain) PACOSAN 2015

Mr Kitka GoyolChief Of WASH (Water, Sanitation & Hygiene)UNICEF Pakistan Country office, Islamabadkgoyol@unicef.org