Painting Terms – what are they, why are they important?

1.Alkyd paint

2.Latex paint

3.Enamel paint

4.Primer

5.Boxing

6.Straining

7.Thinning

8.Cutting in

9.Wet edge

Objectives 1.01 & 1.07:Demonstrate wall covering techniques

Factors to Consider when Choosing Wall Coverings:

• Condition of the walls

• Cost involved

• Function of the room

• Look desired.

PaintPaint

Painting a room is the easiest and least expensive Painting a room is the easiest and least expensive way to update a room or change its look.way to update a room or change its look.

TYPES OF PAINT

Alkyd paint is an oil-based, slow drying paint.

• Alkyd paint goes on smoother, is durable and allows walls to be easily washed

• Alkyd paint is best used for cabinetry, exterior trim, interior trim, doors, kitchens, high-moisture bathrooms, and anywhere a rich, semi-gloss or full gloss look is desired.

A solvent, such as mineral spirits, is used to clean paintbrushes when

alkyd paint is used.

Latex paint is a water-based, quick-drying paint.

• Latex paint is easy to apply• It does not adhere to surfaces previously

painted with alkyd paint.

Paint brushes used with latex paint are easily cleaned with soap and

water.

Enamel Paint

• Any type of paint that is oil based and has a considerably glossy finish

• However, due to the rising popularity of latex and water based paints; the term enamel paint has since evolved to refer to a hard surfaced paint with a high gloss finish.

Primer

• A preparatory coating put on before painting   

• Primer is usually white and – Seals a new surface– Ensures better adhesion of paint

to the surface for durability– Helps the surface remain

nonporous to keep out humidity– Provides additional protection for

the material being painted.

Paints are available in various finishes:

• Glossy finishes are easier to clean

• Dull finishes are more formal.

Boxing• If a paint job requires more than

a single gallon of any color paint, there is a risk of getting different shades of the same color

• To prevent:

– Pour half a gallon of paint into an empty container

– Pour another half gallon in from another can of the same color

– Stir them together

– Pour that mixture back into the first two gallons and stir those together.

Straining

• Cans of paint may have a layer of “skin” formed on the top

• Place a piece of old stocking, cheesecloth, tights material or pantyhose over your paint bucket and strain the paint through.

Thinning

• If paint is old or is going to be used in a paint sprayer, it may need to be thinned

• Latex – ¼ to ½ cup of water per gallon of paint

• Alkyd – requires the use of mineral spirits.

How Determine if Paint Requires Thinning

• Insert a stirring tool into the paint can

• After a few moments, pull out and hold above the paint can

• If the paint drips off the stirring tool in a smooth and even fashion, the latex paint does not require thinning

• If the paint sticks to the stirring tool or gives off a clumpy appearance, then thin.

Cutting In• Spreading a band of paint a few inches wide to

cover areas the roller can’t reach• Although it’s tempting to cut in a whole room first

and then use the roller, it’s better to cut in a more manageable area, then roll it

• This way you’ll keep a wet edge and never paint over dried paint.

Wet Edge• If you paint one area and it dries, it will often

produce a lap mark at the edge of the dry paint if painted over again

• Always paint from a “wet edge” to prevent lap marks.

Lead Paint

• Homes built before 1978 need to be tested for lead based paint

• Contact local health officials for information on lead paint testing.

How much paint do I need?

Length + Length + Width + Width X Height / 350 = number of gallons needed

(350 is the number of square feet 1 gallon of paint can cover)

Room 14’ X 12’ with 8’ ceilings

14 + 14 + 12 + 12 X 8 / 350 = 1.18

Need to purchase 2 gallons of paint.

Do the Math!1. Your customer has asked you to purchase light blue

paint for a room that is 12’ X 14’ with 9’ ceilings. Calculate how much paint would be needed to paint this room.

2. Sam’s den is 12’ x 14’ with 8’ ceilings. Sam would like to use dark blue and will need to apply two coats. How many gallons of paint must Sam purchase?

3. Judy would like to paint her hall and foyer a lighter color. Mickey, her husband, has applied primer to the walls, but she will still need two coats of paint. Her hall is 4’ x 16’ with an 8’ ceiling and her foyer is 8’ x 12’ and has 14’ ceilings. How many gallons of paint should she buy?

Do the Math! Answers

1. 12 + 12 + 14 + 14 X 9 = 468

468 / 350 = 1.33 or 2 gallons

2. 12 + 12 + 14 + 14 X 8 = 416

416 / 350 = 1.18

1.18 X 2 = 2.36 or 3 gallons

3. 4 + 4 + 16 + 16 X 8 = 320 (hall)

8 + 8 + 12 + 12 X 14 = 560 (foyer)

320 + 560 = 880 / 350 = 2.51

880 / 350 = 2.51

2.51 X 2 = 5.02 or 5 gallons if you are

lucky – 6 if you’re not!

FAUX PAINTING TECHNIQUES

Basecoat• The first coat of paint for

decorative finishes that provides the “base” of the design.

Glaze• A thin, translucent film of

color painted over a base coat of paint. Glaze plays an essential part in creating a rich, dimensional look.

• Glaze mixture: 1 part paint + 1 part glazing medium + 1 part water = glaze

Aging• A technique for

simulating the effects of time and wear of a freshly painted surface. Also called antiquing.

How to Get an Antiqued Look

Antiquing Video

Color Washing• A simple but effective

paint effect with a translucent finish.

• Usually applied with brushes over a solid paint color, using long sweeping strokes to meld the glaze colors together.

How to Color Wash

Combing

• A simple paint effect in which a special tool is used to comb through the top color of glaze to reveal the base color beneath.

How to Use the Combing Technique

Crackle Glaze

• A finish produced by using two varnishes that work against each other to produce a crazed effect.

Crackle Finish Instructions

Crackle Finish Video

Dragging• A traditional

painted effect achieved by dragging a glazed wall with a fine-bristled dragging brush to create an even, linear look (strie’).

Strie Painting Video

Gilding

• A specialty technique for applying gold to surfaces such as furniture or picture frames.

GildingVideo

Marbling• The process imitating

marble. An acrylic glaze is applied over a light base and softened with ragging and a soft brush to achieve marble-like markings.

How to Paint Faux Carrara Marble Instructions

How to Faux Paint Marble Video

Rag Rolling

• A technique in which glaze is applied and then rolled with a sausage shape of cotton rag which removes glaze irregularly.

Rag Rolling Video

Ragging• A technique in which glaze is applied over a

basecoat and gently dabbed on or off with a bunched cotton rag.

Stenciling• Using a pattern (stencil) to paint a design.

A stencil is made from a thin sheet of material, such as paper or plastic.

Stenciling Instructions Stenciling Video

Sponging

• Colored glaze is applied over a basecoat and lifted off while still wet with a damp sponge.

Sponging Video

Trompe l’oiel

• The art of deceiving the eye by making a flat painted area look like a three-dimensional image with painted shadow lines.

Artist Creating a Trompe l’oiel