Pageant 29-31 Review

Amendments

16th- a personal income tax17th- direct election of Senators

Progressive Reform

• Desire for more democracy

• City Level- stressed efficiency

• For- Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Progressives

• Felt more democracy would improve America

• Mainly middle class

Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

• Leading Progressive organization for prohibition of liquor

Muckrakers• Wanted to make the public aware of

social problems

The Jungle• Upton Sinclair’s book about the

meatpacking industry

• Helped pass the Federal Meat Inspection Act

Teddy Roosevelt

• Elected in 1904- announced he would not run in 1908

• Used assault on trusts to prove that government, not big business ran America

• Enduring achievement- supporting the environment

Teddy Roosevelt

• Ran in 1912- believed Taft had abandoned TR’s policies

• New Nationalism- broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business

Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902

• Government did not automatically side with management

Multiple Resource Management• Recreation• Sustained-yield

logging• Summer stock grazing• Watershed protection

Panic of 1907

• Stimulated reform in banking policy

William Howard Taft

• More for status quo than progressive change

• Dollar Diplomacy foreign policy

Jane Addams

• Development Settlement Houses- provided social and educational services

• Placed TR’s name in nomination in 1912- showed rising political status of women

1912 election• Republican are split and Wilson wins

• Progressivism is the true winner

Underwood Tariff Bill - 1913

• Designed to lower tariffs

• Passed after Wilson aroused public opinion in support of it

Woodrow Wilson

• New Freedom- favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship

• Had faith in the masses if they were properly educated

• Moralistic approach to foreign policy

• Accelerated segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy

Woodrow Wilson

• First person born in the South elected President since the Civil War

• Governor of New Jersey- passionate reformer

• President of Princeton University

Woodrow Wilson

• 1912 Platform-

–Antitrust legislation

–Monetary reform

–Tariff reductions

–Support for small business

Supreme Court CasesLochner v. New York

– Setback for Labor and Progressives

– Declared a law limiting work to 10 hrs a day unconstitutional

Muller v Oregon

– Female workers required special rules and protection on the job

– Established the right of states to intervene in the work place

Federal Reserve Act

• Federal Reserve Board was given authority to issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Legalized strikes and peaceful picketing

World War I

• Most Americans preferred neutrality • Trade with Great Britain 1914-16,

pulled the US out of recession

Zimmerman Telegram

• Attempt by Germany to have Mexico fight America

• Would make it very difficult for the US to play a significant role in Europe

Sussex Pledge

• Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning

Declaration of War

• US declared war on Germany after U-boats sank four unarmed American merchant vessels

• Wilson pledged to make the war “a war to end all wars” and make the world safe for democracy

George Creel• Committee on Public Information-

oversold Wilson’s ideals and led the world to expect too much

US Involvement in WWI• Poorly prepared to enter a global war

• Draft worked fairly and effectively provided manpower

• Paid for war effort with loans from American public

US Involvement in WWI

• Two main battles- St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive

• Germans demoralized by America’s unlimited troop reserves

John J. Pershing• Leader of the American Expeditionary

Force

• Maintained the US military as a separate force

Women and the War Effort

• Helped result in the right to vote

Violation of Civil Liberties

• German Americans and Social Radicals suffered the most

Steel Strike of 1919

• Crippled the union movement for a decade

• Unions became associated with Communists

Black Migration

• Tens of thousands of blacks moved North during the war- resulted in racial violence in the North

Paris Peace Conference• Wilson’s goals-

–End European colonial empires in Africa and Asia

–A world parliament of nations to provide collective security

–National self-determination for smaller European nations

–Free trade and freedom of the seas

League of Nations• Senate opponents felt it would rob

Congress of its war-declaring powers

• Created, but doomed without US involvement

1920 Election• Viewed as a “solemn referendum” on

the Treaty of Versailles by Wilson