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Chapter 31 Section 1Nixon’s Foreign policy

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Easing the Cold War

In his augural speech, Nixon told the people, “ The greatest honor… is the title of peacemaker.”

Few people believed he could improve relations with Communist countries

Behind the Iron CurtainNixon hoped to build a more stable, peaceful world by reaching out to Soviet Union and China.

He visited Romania—the first time an American president had gone behind the iron curtain.

Détente-easing national tension

Henry Kissinger was appointed Nixon’s national security advisor

They both shared the belief in realpolitik— policies based on national interest rather that political ideology.

They believed that peace among nations would come through negotiations rather than through threats or force

Détente would work only if a balance of power existed. This was to prevent any one nation from becoming too powerful. “it will be a safer world and a better

world, if we have a strong, healthy United States, Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan—each balancing the other, not playing against the other.”

The United States did not recognize the People’s Republic of China.

The US recognized the anti-communist Chinese government Chiang Kai-shek in exile in Taiwan

By the time Nixon came into power, both sides wanted to improve relations.

China invited American table-tennis team to visit the country. One week later we were trading with China.

This was called Ping-Pong diplomacy.

In February 1972 Nixon arrived in China for a visit. This marked the first formal contact with China in 25 years

Nixon then went to Moscow, Soviet capital, in May 1972.

Soviet Union wanted to prevent a Chinese-American alliance.

They hoped to gain access to U.S. technology and to buy badly needed grain

“There must be room in this world for two great nations with different systems to live and work together.” Leonid Brezhnev

U.S. and the Soviet Union signed SALT I ( Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty). This restricted the number of certain types of nuclear missiles in America and Soviet arsenals.

This reduced tensions between the two countries.

Also agreed to work together in trade and science.

NEW TENSIONS AROSE

Arab-Israeli tensions1948, 1956, and 1967—war has erupted between Israel and Arab states

The Six-Day War of 1967 left Israel in control of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Golan, Height of Syria, and the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula of Egypt

Yom Kippur WarWar erupted again on October 6, 1973 when Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in an attempt to regain territory lost in the Six-Day War.

This conflict was called Yom Kippur War because it was on a major Jewish holiday

Israel gained more territory from Syria and Egypt

Based on the map of Arab-Israeli tensions, which of the following regions is in Syria?a. Gaza Strip c. West Bankb. Golan Heights d. Sinai Peninsula

Angry for the United States for supporting Israel, Arab countries imposed an embargo-ban on shipments of oil.

Caused an oil shortage, long lines at the pump, and gas price increase

Shuttle DiplomacyHenry Kissinger was sent to the region to regain the trust of Arab leaders and to negotiate some type of agreement between Israel and Arab neighbors. This was called shuttle diplomacy —traveling back and forth.

Early in 1974, Golda Meir (prime minister of Israel) and Anwar el-Sadat (president of Egypt) reached an agreement.

Kissinger was able to end the oil embargo and improved relations with Egypt by promising large amounts of foreign aid.

Nixon administration sought to protect its interests in Latin America and to prevent the spread of communism.

In 1970 the South American country of Chile elected Salvador Allende president. He was a follower of Karl Marx (founder of communism).

WHAT DID THEY DO: With the backing of the CIA, a small group of Chilean military leaders under General Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government and killed Allende.

The United States recognized the new military dictatorship and restored foreign aid to Chile.