87200333IX.fm Page 690 Wednesday, August 22, 2001 2:01 PMptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/1587200333/index/... · dlsw remote peer tcp, 537 dlsw rsvp, 537 encapsulate frame relay, 347

87200333IX.fm Page 690 Wednesday, August 22, 2001 2:01 PM

I

N

D

E

X

Numerics

2B+D, 39310Base2, 7910Base5, 7910BaseFL, 7910BaseT, 7910 Gigabit Ethernet, 8124-7-365 availability, 29830B+D PRI, 39680/20 rule, 59100BaseT, 80-81100BaseX, 793270 terminals, 4417000 series routers

autonomous switching, 192CIP, 494

7500 series routers (CIP), 494

A

AAL (ATM Adaptation Layers), 119-120AAL1 (ATM Adaptation Layer 1), 120, 605AAL2 (ATM Adaptation Layer 2), 120AAL3 (ATM Adaptation Layer 3), 120AAL4 (ATM Adaptation Layer 4), 120AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer 5), 121AARP (AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol),

259ABM (asynchronous balanced mode), 453ABR (Available Bit Rate), 119ABRs (Area Border Routers), 219access layer, 25access lists, 561

IPX, 269placement, 570

access routersbranch office routers, 410-412BRI routers, 409central site routers, 413-415Cisco 3600 series, 415PRI routers, 409regional office routers, 412-413telecommuter routers, 409-410

ACD (automatic call distribution), 622active state (DLCI), 349

adaptation layers (ATM), 119–120, 605address allocation, private ATM networks, 121-122

network interfaces, 122address field, FID4 frames, 443addressing

AppleTalk, 260AURP, 265cable ranges, configuring, 263EIGRP, 264filtering options, 262name-to-address resolution, 261RTMP, 264zones, 262

DHCP, 277IPX, 265name resolution, 273VoATM, 606VoFR, 607voice over data networks, 600-601VoIP, 609X.121, 340

adjacencies (OSPF), forming, 226administrative distance, 197ADSP (AppleTalk DataStream Protocol), 259advertisements

LSAs, 220AS-External LSAs, 222network LSAs, 221router LSAs, 221summary LSAs, 221Type 7, 229

AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol), 260aggregation, 198AH (Authentication Header), 572all-routes explorers, hop counts, 514analog backup links, 391, 393analog signaling, 598-599analyzing customer design requirements, 10ANR (Automatic Network Routing), 492any-to-any networks, DLSw+

hierarchical topology, 517-526, 529promiscuous mode, 529QoS, 529-532queuing algorithms, 532-533

AO/DI (Always On/Dynamic ISDN), 343AppleTalk, 259

addressing, 260cable range configuration, 263


692

filtering options, 262name-to-address resolution, 261

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP), 259AppleTalk addressing, zones, 262AppleTalk DataStream Protocol (ADSP), 259AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP), 260AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP), 259AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP),

259application proxies, 565-566applications, network management, 12applying access lists to interfaces, 570APPN (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking), 490

Cisco IOS support, 493-494composite network nodes, 491control points, 491dependent LUs, 493end nodes, 491HPR (high-performance routing), 491-492ISR, 491LENs (low entry nodes), 491network nodes, 491virtual nodes, 493

architecture, SNA model, 434-435versus OSI model, 435

Area 0, 231areas, 218

addressing, bit splitting, 233interarea route summarization, 224not-so-stubby areas, 229stub areas, 228, 230totally stubby areas, 229

AS (autonomous system), 218EGPs, 196IGPs, 195-196

ASBRs (Autonomous System Boundary Routers), 220AS-External LSAs, 222ASN (Access Subnetwork), 336asynchronous transmission, 453ATM, 59, 83, 116, 298.

See also

VoATMcells, 116connection identifiers, 117IISP (Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol), 121LANE (LAN Emulation), 124-125

BUS, 125LEC, 126LECS, 125

LES, 125LANs, 124PNNI (Private Network Node Interface), 121private networks

address allocation, 121-122congestion control, 122-123

PVCs, 117-118SVCs, 118switches

Cisco/StrataCom BPX Service Node, 128Cisco/StrataCom IGX, 129

ATM physical layer, 119ATM reference model

AAL (ATM Adaptation Layers), 119–120correlation to OSI Reference model, 119

ATP (AppleTalk Transaction Protocol), 259AURP (AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol),

259, 265authentication

AH, 572ESP, 571OSPF, 225-226

auto-cost reference bandwidth command, 223Automatic Network Routing (ANR), 492autonomous switching, 192availability

24-7-365, 298convergence, 300reliability, 299

Available Bit Rate (ABR), 119AXIS interface shelf, 128

B

B channels (BRI), 396backbone

collapsed, 82MBONE, 165multiprotocol, 310single-protocol IP, 310

backbone routers, 219backup power supplies, 15backup strategies, DLSw+ hierarchical topology, 522BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol), 343balanced mode, 453bandwidth, 187

AppleTalk


693

CRTP, 628Frame Relay, 366QoS, 303rate limiting (CAR), 305reserving, 536-537traffic engineering, 621-628

Basic Rate Interface (BRI), 393BDRs (backup designated routers), 227BECNs (Backward Explicit Congestion Notifications),

351-352best effort, 615best effort delivery, 529best path determination, 166, 191

OSPF, 222BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 196BIA (burned-in address), 450bidding process (MMP), 407bit splitting, OSPF address space, 233Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 196border peers (DLSw+), 488, 524-526

explorer replication, minimizing, 528-529peer group design, 526, 529

boundary nodes, FID2 frames, 444branch office routers, 410-412BRI (Basic Rate Interface), 393, 396

B channels, 396D channels, 396

BRI routers, 409bridges, wireless, 90bridging, 48, 84-85, 92broadband, 90broadcast domains, VLANs

connectivity, 95deploying, 93, 95

broadcast multiaccess networks, 219broadcast networks, 227

split horizon, 190broadcast radiation, 51broadcast traffic, campus networks, 51broadcasts

controlling, 17resolving NetBIOS names, 273SAPs, 268

BSN (Backbone Subnetwork), 336B-TE (broadband terminal equipment interface), 122build-and-maintain process, 196bundles, 405-406

BUS (Broadcast and Unknown Server), 125business processes, prioritizing, 14BXM (Broadband Switch Module) cards, 128

C

cablecoaxial cable, 86fiber-optic, 88shielding, 86twisted-pair, 87

cable ranges, 261configuring, 263

cablingfault-tolerance, implementing, 15selecting, 57

calculatingcost, 222hosts per subnet, 154-155link requirements for full-mesh networks, 21PVCs per full-mesh environment, 362requirements for subnetted networks, 154-155trunk requirements, 625-626trusts per multiple master domain, 277

campus LANsrouting, 85switching, 84-85

campus network design, 48broadcast traffic, 51enterprise server placement, 51network infrastructure, 52network management model, 54resiliency, 53scalability, 55security, 54-55total cost of ownership, 54traffic patterns, 50

campus networksATM switching, 83CSMA/CD, 78Ethernet, 77

10Base2, 7910Base5, 7910BaseFL, 7910BaseT, 79100BaseT, 80-81

campus networks


694

100BaseX, 79switching, 80

FDDI, 83LAN switching, 92segmentation, 79Token Ring, 81-82

switching, 82capacity planning

subnetted networks, 153calculating subnet requirements, 154-155

traffic engineering, 621-628forecasting growth, 623trunk selection, 627

CAR (committed access rate), 305CAS (Channel Associated Signaling), 598-599categorizing traffic by group, 625Category 3 cable, 88Category 5 cable, 88CBAC (content-based access control), 559, 570CBR (constant bit rate), 119, 605CBWFQ, 620

DLSw+, 533CCITT/ITU-T, 394CCS (centum call seconds), 622CCS (Common Channel Signaling), 598-599CDP, disabling, 564CEF (Cisco Express Forwarding), 193cells, 83, 116central site routers, 413-415central-site router recovery (DLSw+), 522choke routers, 569CIC (Carrier Identification Code), 600CIDR (classless interdomain routing), 149CIP (Channel Interface Processor), 494CIR (Committed Information Rate), 352

measurement interval, 355oversubscription, 355

Cisco 1700 series routers, 411Cisco 1750 modular access router, 411Cisco 2500 series routers, 411-412Cisco 2600 series routers, 412Cisco 3600 series routers, 415Cisco 5100 series access servers, 414Cisco 5200 series access servers, 415Cisco 5300 series access servers, 415Cisco 5800 series access servers, 415Cisco 7000 series routers, autonomous switching, 192

Cisco 7500 series routers, 413-414Cisco CallManager 3.0, 613-614Cisco HDLC, comparing with IBM HDLC, 405Cisco IOS

CIP, 494DPSU, 451-452Enterprise version, TTCP utility, 353Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613support for APPN, 493-494

Cisco LMI, 356Cisco MC3810 series multiservice access

concentrator, 415Cisco routers

branch office routers, 410-412BRI routers, 409central site routers, 413-415PRI routers, 409regional office routers, 412-413telecommuter routers, 409-410VIP, 366

Cisco/StrataCom BPX Service Node, 128Cisco/StrataCom IGX, 129clear-text authentication, 226cluster controllers, 441clustering Cisco CallManager call-processing servers,

614CO (central office), Frame Relay local loop, 347CO trunks, traffic engineering, 621-628coaxial cable, 86collapsed backbone, 52, 82collisions, Ethernet, 78Combinet, telecommuter routers, 410commands

auto-cost reference bandwidth, 223dlsw icanreach, 528dlsw remote peer tcp, 537dlsw rsvp, 537encapsulate frame relay, 347encapsulate x25, 336ip helper address, 278ip unnumbered ethernet 0, 400ipx delay, 267ipx maximum paths 2, 302ipx spx-spoof, 270ipx type-20-propagation, 269ipx watchdog-spoof, 269ntp disable, 564

campus networks


695

show frame-relay pvc, 356show process, 361show run, 526ttcp, 353

comparingHDLC and LAPB, 404SNA and OSI models, 435

complete trust model (Windows networking), 275composite network nodes, 491compression, 308

design issues, 309concentrators, Cisco MC3810 multiservice access

concentrators, 415configuration parameters, 404configuration security weaknesses, assessing, 559configuring

cable ranges (AppleTalk), 263CBWFQ, 620DLSw+, traffic prioritization, 532Frame Relay, BECNs/FECNs, 351-352IP Precedence, 619multiple IP addresses per interface, 162-163packet-filter routers, 564-565PUs, 451-452X.25, datagram transport, 334

congestioncontrolling in private ATM networks, 122-123Frame Relay, BECNs/FECNs, 351-352

connecting PLS to SLS stations, 457connection identifiers, 117connection-oriented networks, 600connectivity

digital, ISDN, 393full-mesh network design, 20-21remote access, 28

devices, selecting, 408-409PPP, 403-407

VLANs, 95Constant Bit Rate (CBR), 119controlling

broadcasts, 17congestion in private ATM networks, 122-123

convergence, 188, 198, 300holddowns, 189IGRP, fine-tuning, 235load balancing, 301-302OSPF networks, 230-231

converting PSTN traffic to IP traffic, 627core (coaxial cable), 86core layer, 23corporate networks, remote access, 390CoS (Class of Service), 602CoS groups, 603cost, 186cost-benefit analysis, 12

cost versus availability, 13country code assignments (E.164), 600count-to-infinity loops (IGRP), preventing, 235CPs (control points), 491CPU utilization

STUN tunnels, 338tunneling, 311

creating STUN tunnels between FEPs, 482CRTP (Compressed Real-Time Protocol), 628CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision Detection), 78CSNA (CIP SNA), 495CTRL (control) field (LLC2 frames), 452custom queuing, 306-307

DLSw+, 533customer

availability requirements, 55developing internetwork structure, 11identifying design requirements, 7, 10

information gathering, 9cut-through switching, 80

D

D channelsBRI, 396ISDN PRI, 396

data flow control layer (SNA model), 435data link control layer (SNA model), 435data link layer devices, bridges, 84-85Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP), 259datagram transport, X.25 configuration, 334DCEF (Distributed CEF), 194DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol), 259DDR (dial-on-demand routing), Frame Relay, 364-365DE (Discard Eligible), 352-353default cost, changing, 223

default cost, changing


696

defining customer design requirements, 7gathering information, 9

delay, 186effect on voice quality, 616-618VoATM, 606

deleted state (DLCI), 348denial-of-service attacks (CBAC), 570Dependent Logical Units (DLUs), 493dependent LUs, 443, 493deploying VLANs, 93, 95DES (Data Encryption Standard), 576design models

flat earth model, 18hierarchical model, 22

access layer, 25core layer, 23distribution layer, 23-24one-tier model, 26redundant two-tier model, 27router placement, 27two-tier model, 26

mesh network, 20-21ring model, 19-20star model, 18, 20two-tier model, 20

designingreliable SNA networks

dual collapsed backbone, 515dual-backbone Token Ring, 513FEPs, 512Proxy Explorer, 515

subnetted networks, 153calculating subnet requirements, 154-162

developing internetwork structure, 11devices

bridges, 84-85, 92wireless, 90

fault tolerance, 15FEPs, 441

connecting, 458migrating to Cisco routers, 481STUN tunneling, 482

FRADs, 348Frame Relay, 366ISDN, reference points, 395LACs, 578media, selecting, 57

modemsanalog backup links, 391, 393connecting with routers, 392

name-to-address resolution (AppleTalk), 261PADs, 332

packet switching, 342redundancy, implementing, 16remote access, selecting, 408-409routers, 85, 92

BDRs, 227branch office routers, 410-412BRI routers, 409central site routers, 413-415Cisco 3600 series, 415DRs, 227OSPF, 219packet filters, 560-564placement in hierarchical models, 27PRI routers, 409regional office routers, 412-413telecommuter routers, 409-410

selecting, 56-57switches, 84-85, 90-92

Cisco/StrataCom BPX Service Node, 128Cisco/StrataCom IGX, 129

TE (Terminal Equipment), 394transceivers, 87

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 164, 277

dial plans, 601-603classes, 604CoS, 602CoS groups, 603

dialup lines, analog backup links, 391DID (direct inward dialing) trunks, traffic engineering,

621-628differentiated service, 530, 615digital certificates, VeriSign, Inc., 576digital connectivity, ISDN, 393

BRI, 396functions, 394-395IP unnumbered, 397-400PRI, 396reference points, 395

digital signaling, 598-599digital signatures, 574Dijkstra algorithm, 218

defining customer design requirements


697

direct encapsulation, DLSw+, 489disabling CDP, 564disaster recovery, 13

resiliency, 15discontiguous subnets, 152Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

(DVMRP), 166distance-vector routing protocols, 185

convergence, 198IGRP, 233-234

convergence, fine tuning, 235holddown, 235metrics, 234split horizon, 236variance, 236

metrics, 186-187route redistribution, 200

within the same network, 201route summarization, 198split horizon, 190

distribute list filters, 262distributed backbone, 52distributed servers in campus networks, 50distributed switching, 193distribution layer, 23-24DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier), 348-349

Frame Relay service characteristics, 350oversubscription, 353-355prioritization, 537

DLSw (data link switching), 487.

See also

DLSw+dlsw icanreach command, 528DLSw Lite, 490dlsw remote peer tcp command, 537dlsw rsvp command, 537DLSw+, 488, 516

border peers, 488IP Precedence, default mapping, 535LLC2 encapsulation, timeouts, 490LLC2 idle timer, 539MTU, setting, 538on-demand peers, 489Passthru mode, 518performance tuning, 538-539policy routing, 536priority queuing, default mapping, 535QoS, 529-530

queuing algorithms, 532-533

traffic prioritization, 530-532RSVP, 537scalability, benefits of, 489topologies

explorer control, 523-526, 529hierarchical, 517-522promiscuous mode, 529

transport protocol, selecting, 489-490windowing, 538

DLUR/DLUS (Dependent Logical Unit Requester/Server), 493

DLUs (Dependent Logical Units), 493DMZ (demilitarized zone), 568DNS, resolving NetBIOS names, 274domains, 270

trusted, 276trusting, 276

Downstream Physical Unit, 448DRs (designated routers), 227DSAP (destination service access point) field (LLC2

frames), 452DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), 298DSPUs (downstream physical units), 451-452dual collapsed backbone (SNA), 515DUAL finite-state machine, 238dual shielded cable, 86dual-backbone Token Ring, SNA implementation, 513dual-homed gateways, 565-566DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing

Protocol), 166Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

See

DHCPdynamic routing, path determination, 191dynamic routing protocols, 302

E

E.164 addresses, 121technology prefixes, 613

E.164 recommendation, 600country code assignments, 600

E1, 599E1 metric, 229E2 metric, 229echo, 617

effect on voice quality, 619efficiency, routing protocols, 188

efficiency, routing protocols


698

EGPs (Exterior Gateway Protocols), 196EIGRP (Enhanced IGRP), 186, 236-237, 264, 269

characteristics, 239DUAL finite-state machine, 238Mobile IP, 240neighbor discovery/recovery, 237protocol-dependent modules, 238RTP (reliable transport protocol), 238VLSM, 240

ELANs (Emulated LANs), 124encapsulate frame relay command, 347encapsulate x25 command, 336encapsulation

GRE, 310HDLC, 404LAPB, 404LCP, 404LLC2, timeouts, 490RFC 1490, 357

Frame Relay mapping, 357-358Inverse ARP, 358split horizon, 358-359subinterfaces, 359

X.25, 333-334encapsulation methods for DLSw+, selecting, 489-490encapsulation methods for STUN, 483, 485encapsulation type, Novell IPX, 266-267encryption, Diffie-Hellman, 575encryption keys, 573

IKE, 575-576PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 575public keys, 574shared secret keys, 576

end nodes (APPN), 491Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

See

EIGRP

enterprise ATM switches, 84enterprise servers, placement in campus networks, 51equal-cost load balancing, 301-302Erlangs, 622, 627ESCON (Enterprise System Connection), 440ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload), 571establishing

LU-LU sessions, 442OSPF adjacencies, 226priorities for business processes, 14service classes, 533-534

IP Precedence bit values, 534-535estimating network performance, 11Ethernet, 77.

See also

Fast Ethernet; Gigabit Ethernet10Base2, 7910Base5, 7910BaseFL, 7910BaseT, 79100BaseT, 80-81100BaseX, 79CSMA/CD, 78switching, 80

explicit routes, 445explorer control

DLSw+, 523-524border peers, 524-526, 529

Proxy Explorer, 515explorer queue depth, DSLw+ configuration, 539external links, AS-External LSAs, 222external route summarization, 224

F

failed media, implementing fault-tolerance, 15Fast Ethernet, 80-81fast switching, 190, 192, 301-302, 308fault tolerance, 15

disaster recovery, 13resiliency, 15

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface), 83feasible successors, 238FECNs (Foward Explicit Congestion Notifications),

351-352FEPs (front-end processors), 441, 512

connecting, 458migrating to Cisco routers, 481STUN tunneling, 482

FIB (Forwarding Information Base), 193fiber-optic cable, 88

10BaseFL, 79FID2 frames, 443FID4 frames, 443filtering IPX access lists, 269filtering options, AppleTalk addressing, 262firewalls, 556

application proxies, 565-566CBAC, 570

EGPs (Exterior Gateway Protocols)


699

NAT, 569packet-filter routers, 560, 562

unnecessary features, 563-564stateful filters, 567-568

DMZ, 568fixed costs, 13flat earth model, 18flat networks, 58

workstations, 93flow control, 335forecasting network growth, 623format, IPX addresses, 266four-wire leased lines, 391FRADs (Frame Relay Access Devices), 348fragmentation, 406Frame Relay.

See also

VoFRBECNs/FECNs, configuring, 351-352CIR, 352

measurement interval, 355DDR, 364-365DE, 352-353devices, 366DLCI, 348-349

oversubscription, 353prioritization, 537

FRADs, 348LMI, 356local loops, 347network topologies

full mesh, 362hierarchical mesh, 363-364star, 361

oversubscription, 355RFC 1490, 357

Inverse ARP, 358mapping, 357-358split horizon, 358-359subinterfaces, 359

service characteristics, 350star topology, 346-347versus X.25, 345

framesLLC2, 452

session establishment, 454-455SDLC, 459

FRF.12, 607front door routers, 561

FST encapsulation, 489full datamode, 458full mesh, Frame Relay networks, 362full-mesh topology, 20-21

Inverse ARP, 358full-mesh networks, 300full-mesh virtual circuits (ATM), 127functions (ISDN), 394-395functions of path control layer (SNA), 445

G

Gang of Four, 356gatekeeper, Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613Gateway Discovery Protocol (GDP), 195gateways

IPX/IP, 270LU gateways, 450PU gateways, 450

gathering information, 9GDP (Gateway Discovery Protocol), 195Get Nearest Server (GNS) queries, 269GetZoneList (GZL) filter, 262Gigabit Ethernet, 81GNS (Get Nearest Server) queries, 269goals of internetwork design, 8GRE (generic routing encapsulation), 310guaranteed service, 530GZL (GetZoneList) filter, 262

H

H.225, 611H.323, 610-611

E.164 addresses, technology prefixes, 613gatekeepers, Multimedia Conference Manager,

612-613half datamode, 458handling delay, 618hard seed method, cable range configuration, 263hardware.

See

deviceshashing algorithms, 574HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control), 403-404, 484hierarchical mesh, Frame Relay networks, 363-364

hierarchical mes, Frame Relay networks


700

hierarchical network design, 22access layer, 25core layer, 23distribution layer, 23-24one-tier model, 26redundant two-tier model, 27router placement, 27two-tier model, 26

hierarchical topology, DLSw+, 517-518backup strategies, 522peering router placement, 519-520

high availability, 298High-Level Data Link Control.

See

HDLChistory of SNA, 434holddowns, 189

IGRP, 235hop count, 186

SNA, 514host routing, 194-195host subarea nodes, 440hosts per subnet, calculating, 154-155HPR (high-performance routing), 491-492HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol), 16, 194-195hub and spoke design, 299hybrid routing protocols, 186

algorithms, 188EIGRP, 236-237

characteristics, 239DUAL finite-state machine, 238Mobile IP, 240neighbor discovery/recovery, 237protocol-dependent modules, 238RTP (reliable transport protocol), 238VLSM, 240

metrics, 186-187route redistribution, 200-201route summarization, 198

I

IBM HDLC, comparing with Cisco HDLC, 405IBM SNA

dual collapsed backbone, 515dual-backbone Token Ring, 513Proxy Explorer, 515-516

identifying customer requirements, 7, 10gathering information, 9

identity, 55idle time, DLSw+, 539I-frames (SDLC), 459IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol), 165IGPs (Interior Gateway Protocols), 195-196IGRP, 233-234.

See also

EIGRPconvergence, fine-tuning, 235count-to-infinity loops, preventing, 235holddown, 235metrics, 234split horizon, 236variance, 236

IISP (Interim Interswitch Signaling Protocol), 121IKE (Internet Key Exchange), 575-576Implementation Agreements, FRF12, 607implementing

backup hardware, 16CBWFQ, 620design, 12fast switching, 192fault-tolerant media, 15reliable SNA networks

dual-bacbone Token Ring, 513FEPs, 512

security on OSPF networks, 225VLANs, 93, 95

important business processes, 14inactive state (DLCI), 349inactivity timers, 456independent LUs, 443information gathering, 9infrared wireless networks, 89-90infrastructure, campus networks, 52insulation, shielding, 86integrity, 55interarea route summarization, 224interface processors, VIP, 366interfaces, supported on AXIS interface shelf, 128internal routers, 219Internet connectivity, analog, 391, 393Internet Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP), 195Internetwork Packet Exchange.

See

IPXinterzone communication, H.323 gatekeeper, 612intranet, 164Inverse ARP, 358

hierarchical network design


701

INWATS (incoming WATS) trunks, 622IP addressing

CIDR (classless interdomain routing), 149DHCP, 164, 277

relay, 277scopes, 277

discontiguous subnets, 152private networks, 163-164route summarization, 151subnetting, 153

calculating subnet requirements, 154-162local address, 156secondary addressing, 162-163

IP backbone, 310ip helper address command, 278IP multicasting, 165

best path determination, 166MBONE, 165

IP phones, Cisco CallManager 3.0, 613-614IP Precedence, 533-534, 619

default mapping, 535field values, 534-535

IP spoofing, avoiding, 569IP unnumbered, 397, 400

loopback interfaces, 399ip unnumbered ethernet 0 command, 400IP-in-IP tunneling, 310IPSec, 571

AH, 572DES, 576Diffie-Hellman encryption, 575digital signatures, 574encryption keys, 573ESP, 571hashing algorithms, 574IKE, 575-576PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 575public key encryption, 574

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), 152IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange), 265

access lists, 269addressing, 265EIGRP, 269encapsulation types, 266-267IP gateways, 270routing, 267SAPs, 268

ipx delay command, 267ipx maximum paths 2 command, 302ipx spx-spoof command, 270ipx type-20-propagation command, 269ipx watchdog-spoof command, 269IRDP (Internet Router Discovery Protocol), 195is, 50ISAKMP framework, 576ISDN, 298, 393

BRI, 396B channels, 396D channels, 396

functions, 394-395IP unnumbered, 397, 400

loopback interfaces, 399PRI, 396reference points, 395residential use, 394

isolation, 568ISR (intermediate session routing), 491

J-K

Jitter, 617key systems, 596keys (encryption), 573

IKE, 575-576PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 575public keys, 574shared secret, 576

L

L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding), 577L2TP (Layer Tunneling Protocol), 578

LACs, 578LAAs (locally administered addresses), 450-451LACs (local access concentrators), 578LAN FRADs, 348LAN switching, campus networks, 92LANE (LAN Emulation), 124-125

BUS, 125LEC, 126LECS, 125LES, 125

LANE (LAN Emulation)


702

LANsATM, 124-125

BUS, 125LEC, 126LECS, 125LES, 125

ELANs, 124Ethernet, 77

10Base5, 7910BaseFL, 7910BaseT, 79100BaseT, 80-81100BaseX, 79CSMA/CD, 78switching, 80

FDDI, 83remote access, 401remote-control access, 401remote-node access, 402routing, 85segmentation, 79

routing, 92switches, 90-91switching, 84-85Token Ring, 81-82

switching, 82LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced), 404LAPB encapsulation, 333laser technology, 90Layer 3 switching, 92layers of SNA model, 434-435

versus OSI model, 435LCP (Link Control Protocol), 403-404leased lines, 298

analog backup links, 391FEPs, connecting, 458

LEC (LAN Emulation Client), 126LEC (local exchange carrier), 395LECS (LAN Emulation Configuration Server), 125LENs (low entry nodes), 491LES (LAN Emulation Server), 125LFSID (Local Form Session Identifier), 491line-of-sight networks, 90Link Control Protocol.

See

LCPlink failures, SNA, 482link recovery, DLSw+, 522

links, bundles, 405-406link-state database, LSAs, 220

AS-External LSAs, 222network LSAs, 221router LSAs, 221summary LSAs, 221

link-state protocols, 268-269link-state routing protocols, 185

algorithms, 188areas, 218convergence, 198, 230-231metrics, 186-187OSPF, 218

adjacencies, forming, 226Area 0, 231BDRs, 227bit splitting, 233classes of routers, 219cost, calculating, 222discontiguous subnets, 233DRs, 227external routes, 229load balancing, 231network connection types, 218-219not-so-stubby areas, 229path determination, 222scalability, 225security, 225-226stub areas, 228, 230summarization, 224totally stubby areas, 229virtual links, 232

route redistribution, 200within the same network, 201

route summarization, 198LLC2 (Logical Link Control type 2), 490

ABM, 453timeouts, 490

LLC2 frames, 452session establishment, 454-455

LLC2 idle timer, 539LLC2 timers, 456LMHOSTS file, resolving NetBIOS names, 273LMI, 356load, 187

LANs


703

load balancing, 191, 301-302IGRP, variance, 236OSPF, 231SNA, 512

local, 50local acknowledgment, STUN, 485-486local address, 156local exchange carrier (LEC), 395local loop, NT1, 394loopback interfaces, 399loss, effect on voice quality, 619LSAs (link-state advertisements), 220

AS-External LSAs, 222network LSAs, 221router LSAs, 221summary LSAs, 221Type 7, 229

LU gateways, 448, 450, 455LU-LU sessions, 438

establishing, 442LUs (logical units), 438

dependent, 443independent, 443

M

macro, 17macro internetwork design, 17mainframe subarea nodes, 440mainframes, composite network nodes, 491managing IP addresses, 164master domain model (Windows networking), 276MBONE (Multicast Backbone), 165MD5 (Message Digest 5), 574

authentication, 226measurement interval for CIR, 355media, selecting, 57mesh network, 20-21metrics, 186-187

costcalculating, 222per-area default cost, 228

IGRP, 234path determination, 191route maps, 200

Microsoft Windows networking, 270

complete trust model, 275domains, 270master domain model, 276multiple master domain model, 276name resolution, 273NBT protocol, 273NetBEUI protocol, 272NetBIOS protocol, 272NWLink protocol, 272remote design, 278single domain model, 274-275

migrating SNA to IP, 479minimizing border peer replication, 528-529minor business processes, 14mission-critical business processes, 14MLPPP (Multilink PPP), 405.

See also

MMPbundles, 405-406multichannel services, 407

MMP (Multichassis MLPPP), 407Mobile IP, 240mobile users, remote access, 390modems

analog backup links, 391, 393connecting with routers, 392

modifying DLSw+, TCP port default mapping, 536monitoring network, 12

network management applications, 12MPLS (multiprotocol label switching), 194MRRU (maximum received reconstructed unit), 405MSAU (multistation access unit), 82MTU, DLSw+ configuration, 538multicast routing, 165multicasting, best path determination, 166multichannel services, MLPPP, 407Multichassis MLPPP (MMP), 407multilayered network design, 22


Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613multimode fiber, 88multiple master domains (Windows networking), 276multiprotocol backbone, 310

multiprotocol backbone


704

multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), 194multiservice networking, 595

QoSCBWFQ, 620IP Precedence, 619

traffic engineering, forecasting growth, 623VoATM

addressing, 606delay, 606routing, 606signaling, 605-606

VoFR, 606addressing, 607signaling, 607

voice over dataQoS, 614-619router design issues, 619traffic measurement units, 622

VoIPCisco CallManager 3.0, 613-614delay, 610H.225, 611H.232, 610-611Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613RSVP, 609signaling, 608

N

Name Binding Protocol (NBP), 259name resolution, 273name-to-address resolution (AppleTalk), 261narrow band radio, 90NAT (Network Address Translation), 164, 569natural disasters, disaster recovery, 13NAUs (network addressable units), 436NBMA (nonbroadcast multiaccess) networks, 219NBP (Name Binding Protocol), 259NBP filter, 262NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) protocol, 273neighbor discovery/recovery, EIGRP, 237neighbors, successors, 238NetBEUI, 58, 272NetBIOS, 272

name resolution, 273traffic filtering, 269

Windows Networking, 270NetFlow switching, 193Netware for SAA, 450Netware Link-State Protocol (NLSP), 268-269Network Address Translation.

See

NATnetwork control programs, 441network control protocols, 403network design

80/20 rule, 59campus network design

network management model, 54resiliency, 53scalability, 55security, 54-55total cost of ownership, 54

campus VLAN design, 48broadcast traffic, 51enterprise server placement, 51network infrastructure, 52traffic patterns, 50

flat networks, 58network design models

flat earth model, 18hierarchical model, 22


mesh network, 20-21ring model, 19-20star model, 18, 20two-tier model, 20

network LSAs, 221network management applications, 12network management model, 54network nodes (APPN), 491network number (AppleTalk), 260network security policies

access list placement, 570requirements, 557-558vulnerabilities, assessing, 559

configuration weaknesses, 559technology weaknesses, 558

multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)


705

networkssegmentation, bridging, 84-85wireless, 89-90

point-to-point, 90NLSP (Netware Link-State Protocol), 268-269node number (AppleTalk), 260nonseed method, cable range configuration, 263nonseed routers, 263Novell IPX

access lists, 269addressing, 265EIGRP, 269encapsulation types, 266-267IP gateways, 270routing, 267SAPs, 268

nrt-VBR (non-real-time Variable Bit Rate), 119NSAP (Network Service Access Point) addresses, 121NSSAs (not-so-stubby areas), 229NT2 (Network Termination Type 2), 395ntp disable command, 564NWLink protocol, 272

O

Oakley key exchange, 575objectives of internetwork design, 8offload, 495OIR (online insertion and removal), 366on-demand peers, 489on-demand services, AO/DI, 343one-tier model, 26one-time fixed costs, 13optimality, routing protocols, 188optimum switching, 193OSI model, correlation to ATM Reference model, 119-

120OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), 218

adjacencies, forming, 226Area 0, 231BDRs, 227bit splitting, 233convergence, 230-231cost, calculating, 222discontiguous subnets, 233DRs, 227

external routes, 229load balancing, 231network connection types, 218-219not-so-stubby areas, 229path determination, 222router classes, 219scalability, 225security, 225

authentication, 225-226stub areas, 228, 230summarization, 224totally stubby areas, 229virtual links, 232

OUTWATS (outgoing WATs) trunks, 622overriding UAA, 450oversubscription, 353

Frame Relay, 355

P

packet filters, stateful, 567-568DMZ, 568

packet switching, X.25, 342packet-filter routers, 560, 562

configuring, 564-565unnecessary features, disabling, 563-564

packets.

See also

cellsCEF, 193distributed switching, 193encapsulation (RFC 1490), 357-359Erlangs, 622, 627fast switching, 192, 308fragmentation, 406NetFlow switching, 193optimum switching, 193process switching, 192, 308tag switching, 194

packet-switched networks, ATM, 298PADs (Packet Assembler Devices), 332

packet switching, 342PAP (Printer-Access Protocol), 260partial mesh topology, 20-21passthrough gateways, 450Passthru mode (DLSw+), 518passwords, authentication (OSPF), 225-226

passwords, authentication (OSPF)


706

path control layer (SNA model), 435explicit routes, 445virtual routes, 446

path determination, 191administrative distance, 197EIGRP, DUAL finite-state machine, 238OSPF, 222

PBXs (Private Branch Exchanges), 596dial plans, 601-603

classes, 604CoS groups, 603

key systems, 596tandem, 600

PC Anywhere, 401peer groups (DLSw+), 524-526

designing, 526, 529peering routers, placement in hierarchical topology,

519-520per-area default cost, 228performance

DLSw+, tuning, 538-539estimating, 11

perimeter routers, 560peripheral nodes, 439-442

cluster controllers, 441physical control layer (SNA model), 435PIM (protocol independent multicast), 166PIUs (path information units), 443PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 574-575planning phase

analysis of requirements, 10assessing network resiliency, 14-15cost-benefit analysis, 12developing internetwork structure, 11establishing disaster recovery mechanisms, 13estimating network performance, 11implementing redundant power systems

hardware, 16media, 15

information gathering, 9prioritizing business processes, 14

PLP (Packet-Level Protocol), 332PLS (primary link station), 457PLUs (primary logical units), 442PLU-SLU sessions, 442PNNI (Private Network Node Interface), 121

point-to-multipoint networks, 219point-to-point links, 298

IP unnumbered, 397, 400loopback interfaces, 399

point-to-point networks, 90, 218ATM, 127

policy routing, 536polling, 434poor man’s firewall, 55power supplies, backup, 15PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 403-404

HDLC, 403-404LCP, 403-404MLPPP, 405

bundles, 405-406MMP, 407

PR (Policy-Based Routing), 536pre-design best practices

assessing network resiliency, 14-15cost-benefit analysis, 12establishing disaster recovery mechanisms, 13estimate network performance, 11implementing redundant power systems, 15prioritizing best practices, 14redundant systems, implementing

hardware, 16media, 15

Predictor data compression algorithm, 309presentation services layer (SNA model), 435PRI (Primary Rate Interface), 393, 396PRI routers, 409Printer-Access Protocol (PAP), 260prioritization, 619prioritizing

business processes, 14DLCI, 537traffic, DLSw+, 530-532

priority queuing, 304-306default mapping, 535DLSw+, 532

private ATM networksaddress allocation, 121-122

network interfaces, 122controlling congestion, 122-123

private networks, 163-164ATM routing, 121

private UNI, 122

path control layer (SNA model)


707

process switching, 190, 192, 301-302, 308promiscuous mode, DLSw+, 529propagation delay, 617protocol-dependent modules, 238protocol-independent multicast (PIM), 166protocols, selecting, 58proxy ARP, 195Proxy Explorer, 515PSTN

CO, Frame Relay local loop, 347Internet connectivity, 391

modems as backup links, 391, 393traffic distribution, 627-628

PU gateways, 448, 450PU type 1.

See

peripheral nodesPU type 2.

See

peripheral nodesPU type 2.1, 437PU type 4.

See

subarea nodesPU type 5.

See

subarea nodesPUs (physical units), 436-437

configuring, 451-452PIUs, 443

PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 117-118LMI, 356requirements in full-mesh environment,

calculating, 362X.25, 339

parameters, 340

Q

QoS (quality of service), 303, 614custom queuing, 306-307DLSw+, 529-530

queuing algorithms, 532-533traffic prioritization, 530-532

multiservice networks, 615-616delay, effect on voice quality, 616-618echo, effect on voice quality, 619loss, effect on voice quality, 619

priority queuing, 304-306quad shielding, 86queuing

custom queuing, 306-307priority queuing, 304-306

queuing algorithmsCBWFQ, 533, 620custom queuing, 533priority queuing, 532

default mapping, 535WFQ, 533

queuing delay, 619VoIP, 610

R

R reference points, 395Rapid Transport Protocol (RTP), 492rate limiting, CAR, 305reachability, convergence, 300recurring costs, 13redundancy

disaster recovery, 13DLSw+, backup strategies, 522Frame Relay, dial-on-demand backup, 364-365hierarchical mesh, 363-364implementing, 16media implementations, 15SNA, 512

redundant power systems, 15redundant two-tier model, 27reference points (ISDN), 395referred, 22reflective networks, 90regional office routers, 412-413registration authority, ATM address assignment, 121reliability, 186, 299reliable service protocols, X.25, 332, 339

configuring datagram transport, 334design tips, 344encapsulation, 333-334flow control, 335multiple SVCs, 341over ISDN, 343packet switching, 342static routing, 342versus Frame Relay, 345WAN data links, 339-340XOT, 335

reliable service protocols, X.25


708

reliable SNA designsdual collapsed backbone, 515dual-backbone Token Ring, 513FEPs, 512Proxy Explorer, 515

remote, 50remote access, 28, 390

corporate networks, 390devices, selecting, 408-409ISDN, 393

BRI, 396functions, 394-395IP unnumbered, 397-400PRI, 396reference points, 395

LANs, 401PPP, 403-404

HDLC, 403-404LCP, 403-404MLPPP, 405-406MMP, 407

remote campus traffic, 50remote design, Windows networking, 278remote-control LAN access, 401remote-node LAN access, 402replication of border peers, minimizing, 528-529requirements

of route summarization, 198security policies, 557-558

requirements of customeranalyzing, 10identifying, 7

gathering information, 9reserving bandwidth, 536-537resiliency

assessing, 14-15of campus network design, 53

RETRY parameter, inactivity timers, 456RFC 1490, 357

Frame Relay mapping, 357-358Inverse ARP, 358split horizon, 358-359subinterfaces, 359

ring model, 19-20RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 218, 267risks, cost-benefit analysis, 12RJ-45 ports, ISDN connectivity, 396

robbed-bit signaling, 598-599route aggregation, 151route maps, 200route redistribution, 200

within the same network, 201route summarization, 151, 198

OSPF, 224route tags, 200router LSAs, 221routers

border peers, 488branch office routers, selecting, 410-412BRI routers, selecting, 409central site routers, selecting, 413-415Cisco 3600 series, selecting, 415connecting with external modems, 392front door routers, 561hard seed, 263network nodes, 491on-demand peers, 489OSPF, 219packet-filters, 560, 562

configuring, 564-565unnecessary features, disabling, 563-564

placement in hierarchical models, 27PRI routers, selecting, 409process utilization, 487regional office routers, selecting, 412-413remote access, selecting, 408-409soft seed, 263telecommuter routers, selecting, 409-410

routing, 85, 92Novell IPX, 267VoATM, 606voice over data networks, 601VoIP, 609

routing algorithms, 188routing loops, 188routing protocols

administrative distance, 197AppleTalk

AURP, 265EIGRP, 264RTMP, 264

convergence, 188, 198distance-vector, 185

split horizon, 190

reliable SNA designs


709

dynamic, 302path determination, 191

efficiency, 188EGPs, 196EIGRP, 236-237

characteristics, 239DUAL finite-state machine, 238Mobile IP, 240neighbor discovery/recovery, 237protocol-dependent modules, 238reliable transport protocol, 238VLSM, 240

holddowns, 189host routing, 194-195HPR, 491hybrid, 186IGPs, 195-196IGRP, 233-234

holddown, 235metrics, 234split horizon, 236variance, 236

ISR, 491link-state, 185

areas, 218LSAs, 220-222

metrics, 186-187NLSP, 268-269optimality, 188OSPF, 218

adjacencies, forming, 226Area 0, 231BDRs, 227bit splitting, 233convergence, 230-231cost, calculating, 222discontiguous subnets, 233DRs, 227external routes, 229load balancing, 231network connection types, 218-219not-so-stubby areas, 229path determination, 222scalability, 225security, 225-226stub areas, 228, 230summarization, 224

totally stubby areas, 229virtual links, 232

RIP, 218route redistribution, 200

within the same network, 201routing table, build-and-maintain process, 196summarization, 198

routing table, build-and-maintain process, 196Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP), 259RSP (Route/Switch Processor), optimum switching,

193RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol), 536-537, 609RTMP (Routing Table Maintenance Protocol), 259,

264RTP (Rapid Transport Protocol), 238, 492rt-VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate), 119

S

S reference points, 395S/T reference points, 395SAA (Systems Application Architecture), 450SAPs (Service Advertisement Protocols), 268

access lists, 269scalability

campus networks, 55OSPF, 225

scatter infrared networks, 90scopes, 277SDLC (synchronous data link control) sessions, 456,

486frames, 459PLS (primary link station), 457SLS (secondary link station), 458tunneling into DLSw+, 479

secondary addressing, 162-163secondary ring, FDDI, 83security

access lists, placement, 570campus networks, 54-55digital certificates, VeriSign, Inc., 576firewalls, 556

application proxies, 565-566CBAC, 570NAT, 569

security


710

packet-filter routers, 560-564stateful filters, 567-568

IPSec, 571AH, 572DES, 576Diffie-Hellman, 575digital signatures, 574encryption keys, 573ESP, 571hashing algorithms, 574IKE, 575-576PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), 575public key encryption, 574

OSPF, 225authentication, 225-226

policy requirements, 557-558VPNs, 576

L2F, 577L2TP, 578

vulnerabilities, 558-559security weaknesses, assessing, 559segmentation

bridging, 84-85LAN switching, 90-91

campus networks, 92routing, 85, 92switching, 84-85

Layer 3, 92selecting

cable, 86-88devices, 56-57

media, 57load balancing mechanism, 302network infrastructure, campus networks, 52remote user access equipment, 408-409

branch office routers, 410-412BRI routers, 409central site routers, 413-415Cisco 3600 series routers, 415PRI routers, 409regional office routers, 412-413telecommuter routers, 409-410

selecting, 58transport protocol for DLSw+, 489-490trunks, 627WAN technologies, ISDN, 298

serial direct, 485

Serial Tunnel.

See

STUNservice characteristics, Frame Relay, 350service classes, 533-534

IP Precedence bit values, 534-535service system control points.

See

SSCPssession establishment, LLC2, 452-455setting IP Precedence, 533-534

bit values, 534-535, 619S-frames (SDLC), 459SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), 575shared secret keys, 576shared-media LANs, segmentation, 91shielding, 86show frame-relay pvc command, 356show process command, 361show run command, 526signaling

IISP, 121SS7, 600VoATM, 605-606VoFR, 607voice over data networks, 598-600VoIP, 608

silicon switching, 192single domain model (Windows networking), 274-275single point of failure, collapsed backbone, 52single-mode fiber, 88single-protocol IP backbone, 310Skeme key exchange, 575SLAs, CIR

Frame Relay, 352measurement interval, 355oversubscription, 355

slaves, 441SLS (secondary link station), 458SLUs (secondary logical units), 442small-scale networks

flat earth model, 18ring model, 19-20star model, 18, 20

SNA, 441APPN, 490

Cisco IOS support, 493-494composite network nodes, 491control points, 491dependent LUs, 493end nodes, 491

security


711

HPR, 491ISR, 491LENs, 491network nodes, 491virtual nodes, 493

boundary nodes, FID2 frames, 444CSNA (CIP SNA), 495DLCI Prioritization, 538DLSw, 487DLSw+, 488

border peers, 488LLC2 timeouts, 490on-demand peers, 489performance tuning, 538-539policy routing, 536RSVP, 537tranport protocol, selecting, 489-490windowing, 538

dual collapsed backbone design, 515dual-backbone Token Ring design, 513FEPs, 512

connecting, 458history, 434link failures, 482load balancing, 512LU gateways, 450LU-LU sessions, establishing, 442LUs, 438migrating to IP, 479NAUs, 436path control layer

explicit routes, 445virtual routes, 446

peripheral nodes, 439-442cluster controllers, 441

PIUs, 443PLU-SLU sessions, 442Proxy Explorer, 515-516PU gateways, 450PUs, 436-437redundancy, 512SDLC sessions, 456

PLS (primary link station), 457SLS (secondary link station), 458

SSCPs, 438subarea networks, 436

subarea nodes, 440FID4 frames, 443host subarea nodes, 440mainframe subarea nodes, 440TGs, 446

subareas, 439Token Ring internetworking, 478

SNA model, 434-435versus OSI model, 435

snapshot routing, 29socket number (AppleTalk), 260soft seed method, cable range configuration, 263SOHO (small office/home office)

branch office routers, selecting, 410-412remote access, 390

source-route bridging, 48source-route translational bridging, 85source-route transparent bridging, 85spanning explorers, hop counts, 514speech quality (voice over data)

delay, effect on, 616-618echo, effect on, 619loss, effect on, 619

SPF (shortest path first) protocols, 185SPF (Shortest-Path Algorithm), 218split horizon, 190, 358-359

IGRP, 236spread-spectrum radio, 90SRB (source-route bridging), 82, 85SS7 (Signaling System 7), 600SSAP (source service access point) field (LLC2

frames), 452SSCPs (service system control points), 438

dependent LUs, 443Stack Group Bidding Protocol, 407standby groups, 195star model, 18, 20star topology

Frame Relay implementation, 346-347Frame Relay networks, 361

state tables, 567stateful filters, 567-568

DMZ, 568static routes, 29

PR (Policy-Based Routing), 536X.25, 342

static state (DLCI), 349

static state (DLCI)


712

Station Loop Signaling, 599store and forward switching, 80STP (shielded twisted pair), 87strategic internetwork design, 17structure of internetwork, developing, 11stub areas, 228, 230STUN (Serial Tunnel), 336, 482

local acknowledgment, 485-486transport protocols, 483, 485versus XOT, 338

subarea nodes, 439-440FEPs, 441FID4 frames, 443host subarea nodes, 440mainframe subarea nodes, 440TGs, 446

subareas, 439subinterfaces, 296, 359subnetting, 153

discontiguous subnets, 152local address, 156required subnets, calculating, 154-162secondary addressing, 162-163

successors, 238summarization.

See also

route summarizationOSPF, bit splitting, 233

summary LSAs, 221super servers, 51supernetting, 151, 198SVCs (Switched Virtual Circuits), 118

X.25, 339multiple carriers in cloud, 341parameters, 340

switches, 90-91Cisco/StrataCom BPX Service Node, 128Cisco/StrataCom IGX, 129Frame Relay, LMI, 356

switching, 48, 84-85, 92, 193autonomous switching, 192CEF, 193distributed switching, 193fast switching, 192, 308LAN switching, campus networks, 92Layer 3 switching, 92load balancing, 191NetFlow switching, 193optimum switching, 193

process switching, 192, 308tag switching, 194Token Ring, 82

Systems Application Architecture (SAA), 450

T

T reference points, 395T1, 598T1 timers, 456T2 timers, 456tag switching, 194tandem switching, 600TAs (terminal adapters), 394TCP, 483TCP ports, modifying DLSw+ default mapping, 536TDM (time division multiplexing), 396TE (Terminal Equipment), 394technology prefixes, 613technology security weakness, assessing, 558TEIs (Terminal Endpoint Identifiers), 394telecommuter routers, 409-410terminal adapters (TAs), 394Terminal Endpoint Identifiers (TEIs), 394Terminal Equipment (TE), 394TGs (transmission groups), 446Thicknet, 87Thinnet, 79, 87three-layer firewall, 568throughput

Frame Relay, ttcp command, 353rate limiting, CAR, 305

Ti (inactivity timer), 456tie-lines, 596

traffic engineering, 621-628Token Ring, 81-82

dual collapsed backbone, 515switching, 82

Token Ring gatewaysLAAs, 450-451LU gateways, 450PU gateways, 450PUs, configuring, 451-452

topologiesconvergence, 300DLSw+

Station Loop Signaling


713

explorer control, 523-526, 529hierarchical, 517-522promiscuous mode, 529

flat earth model, 18flat networks, 58full mesh, 300

Frame Relay implementation, 362Inverse ARP, 358

hierarchical mesh, Frame Relay implementation, 363-364

hierarchical model, 22access layer, 25core layer, 23distribution layer, 23-24one-tier model, 26redundant two-tier model, 27router placement, 27two-tier model, 26

hub and spoke, 299ring model, 18, 20star model, 18, 20

Frame Relay implementation, 346-347, 361two-tier model, 20-21

ToS (Type of Service) field (IP header), 533-534field values, 534-535IP Precedence, 619

total cost of ownership, 54totally stubby areas, 229traffic

broadcasts, controlling, 17in campus networks, 50compression, 628congestion, controlling in private ATM networks,

122-123DLSw+

MTU configuration, 538QoS, 529-532queuing algorithms, 532-533

Erlangs, 622, 627Ethernet collisions, 78Frame Relay

bandwidth, 366BECNs/FECNs, 351-352CIR, 352, 355DE, 352-353

load balancing, 191, 301-302OSPF, 231SNA, 512

NetBIOS, filtering, 269policy routing, 536QoS, 303

custom queuing, 306-307priority queuing, 304-306

rerouting around FEPs, 482service classes, establishing, 533-534

IP Precedence bit values, 534-535X.25, flow control, 335

traffic distribution, 628traffic engineering, 621-628

categorizing traffic, 625traffic distribution, 628trunk selection, 627trunks, calculating requirements, 625-626

traffic prioritization, DLSw+, 530-532transaction services layer (SNA model), 435transceivers, 87translate networking, 604translational bridging, 48, 85transmission control layer (SNA model), 435transmission delay, 619transparent bridging, 48, 85transport, 58transport networking, 604transport protocol

selecting for DLSw+, 489-490STUN, 483, 485

triggered updates, 189trunks

OUTWATS, 622requirements, calculating, 625-626selecting, 627traffic distribution, 628traffic engineering, 621-628

trustscomplete trust model, 275two-way, 277

ttcp command, 353tuning DLSw+, 538-539tunneling, 332, 576

effect on CPU utilization, 311GRE, 310IP-in-IP, 310

tunneling


714

L2F, 577L2TP, 578multiprotocol backbone, 310SDLC into DLSw+, 479single-protocol IP backbone, 310STUN (Serial Tunneling), 336, 482

local acknowledgment, 485-486transport protocols, 483, 485versus XOT, 338

twisted-pair cable, 87two-tier model, 20, 26two-way alternation operation (SLS), 458two-way simultaneous operation (SLS), 458two-way trusts, 276two-wire leased lines, 391two-wire local loop, NT1, 394Type 1 LSAs, 221Type 2 LSAs, 221Type 3 LSAs, 221Type 4 LSAs, 221Type 5 LSAs, 222Type 7 LSAs, 222, 229

U

U reference points, 395UAAs (universally administered addresses), assigning,

450-451UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate), 119U-frames (SDLC), 459UNIs (user-to-network interfaces), 122units of measurement, voice traffic, 622Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR), 119updates

holddowns, 189SAPs, 268

upgrades, 22UPSs (uninterruptible power supplies), implementing,

15UTP (unshielded twisted pair), 87

10BaseT, 79

V

Van Jacobson Algorithm, 309Variable Bit Rate (VBR), 119variable-length subnet masking.

See

VLSMvariance, IGRP, 236VBR (variable bit rate), 119, 605VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier), 117VeriSign, Inc, 576VIP (Versatile Interface Processor) cards

distributed switching, 193OIR, 366

virtual links, 232virtual nodes, 493virtual routes, 446VLANs, 91

campus design, 48broadcast traffic, 51enterprise server placement, 51network infrastructure, 52traffic patterns, 50

campus network designnetwork management model, 54resiliency, 53scalability, 55security, 54-55total cost of ownership, 54

connectivity, 95deploying, 93, 95

VLSM (variable-length subnet masking), 151, 240VoATM



voice over data networksaddressing, 600analog signaling, 598-599dial plans, 601-602

classes, 604CoS groups, 603

digital signaling, 598-599

tunneling


715

QoS, 614-616CBWFQ, 620delay, effect on voice quality, 616-618echo, effect on voice quality, 619IP Precedence, 619loss, effect on voice quality, 619

router design issues, 619routing, 601traffic, units of measurement, 622traffic engineering, forecasting growth, 623translate, 604transport, 604VoATM



VoIPCisco CallManager 3.0, 613-614delay, 610H.225, 611H.323, 610-611Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613RSVP, 609signaling, 608

voice-grade cable, 87VoIP

addressing, 609Cisco CallManager 3.0, 613-614delay, 610H.225, 611H.323, 610-611IP Precedence, 619Multimedia Conference Manager, 612-613routing, 609RSVP, 609signaling, 608

VPI (Virtual Path Identifier), 117VPNs, 576

L2F, 577L2TP, 578

VTAM (Virtual Telecommunications Access Method), 440

vulnerability to security weaknesses, assessing, 558-559

W

WAN interfaces, 408-409WAN technologies

ATM, 298availability, 298-299

convergence, 300-302compression, 308

design issues, 309ISDN, 298

WANsATM, 116

IISP, 121PNNI, 121private networks, 121-123

Frame RelayBECNs/FECNs, configuring, 351-352CIR, 352, 355DDR, 364-365DE, 352-353devices, 366DLCI, 348-349FRADs, 348full-mesh topology, 362hierarchical-mesh topology, 363-364LMI, 356local loop, 347oversubscription, 355RFC 1490, 357-359service characteristics, 350star topology, 346-347, 361versus X.25, 345

X.25, 332, 339data links, 339-340datagram transport, configuring, 334design tips, 344encapsulation, 333-334flow control, 335multiple SVCs, 341over ISDN, 343packet switches, 342static routing, 342tunneling, 332

WANs


716

versus Frame Relay, 345XOT, 335

Web sites, network design-related, 29WFQ, DLSw+, 533wide-area FRADs, 348windowing, DLSw+, 538Windows networking, 270

complete trust model, 275domains, 270master domain model, 276multiple master domain model, 276NBT protocol, 273NetBEUI protocol, 272NetBIOS protocol, 272

name resolution, 273NWLink protocol, 272remote design, 278single domain model, 274-275

WINS, resolving NetBIOS names, 274wireless bridges, 90wireless networks, 89-90

point-to-point, 90workgroup ATM switches, 84workstations per flat network, 93

X

X.121 specification, 340X.25, 332, 339

datagram transport, configuring, 334design tips, 344encapsulation, 333-334flow control, 335multiple SVCs, 341over ISDN, 343packet switches, 342PADs, 332static routing, 342tunneling, 332versus Frame Relay, 345WAN data links, 339

parameters, 340X.121 addressing, 340XOT, 335

versus STUN, 338XID (exchange of identification) frames, 453

XOT (X.25 over TCP/IP), 335versus STUN, 338

Z

ZIP (Zone Information Protocol), 259ZIP reply filters, 262zones

AppleTalk, 262H.323 gatekeeper, 612

WANs


Documents

87200333IX.fm Page 690 Wednesday, August 22, 2001 2:01 PMptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/1587200333/index/... · dlsw remote peer tcp, 537 dlsw rsvp, 537 encapsulate frame relay, 347