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Early Human Ages

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Warm Up:

Predict 3 reasons for the change in Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age.

WIO:In 2 complete sentences: Compare and Contrast the Neo vs Paleolithic Ages, and provide an example of the lifestyle of those living during them.

Date: 10.2.13 A10.3.13 B

Class Work:1. Warm Up 2. Check HW – Early Human

notes WS3. WIO from Last Class4. Early Man/Paleo vs

Neolithic Age notes5. Review Study Guide and

Begin HW

HW:*Work on Prehistoric Man Contest: Unit Review Sheet- DUE Oct. 8/9th.

What caused the transition from nomadic societies to agrarian civilization?

•The word Paleolithic means the Old Stone Age. Early humans living in the Paleolithic era wandered around in search of food. •They lived in small bands, hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries, and nuts for food.

•We call people who lived like this hunter-gatherers.

•People in the Paleolithic era did not have permanent houses. •They lived a nomadic life following animals that migrated from place to place. •They lived in or made temporary shelters out of wood, bones, and animal skin. •They made tools out of stone, wood, and bones as well. •Their ability to make tools helped early humans to thrive and spread across the four corners of the earth. •They were also helped by their ability to use language for communication as well as fire to keep warm and cook.

The First Humans

Hominids are the family of mankind

and his or her relatives.

TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS

ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?

AFRICA

KEY UNDERSTANDINGS:WHAT DOES MIGRATION MEAN?• MIGRATION IS MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO

ANOTHER

NAME TWO REASONS WHY EARLY HOMINIDS MIGRATED FROM AFRICA.

• 1) Food 2) Climate 

HOW DID EARLY HOMINIDS MOVE FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT?

• They built rafts or walked over glaciered land bridges between the continents before the end of the Ice Age.

Very Early HumansIt was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared.

Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not.

First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html

• Characteristics– Powerful jaw

– Receding chins

– Low foreheads

– Heavy eyebrows

LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts.

*NOTES*

DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

"Lucy" skeleton, "Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus Australopithecus afarensis, about afarensis, about 2.6 million years 2.6 million years ago.ago.

Archaeologist Mary LeakyArchaeologist Mary Leaky

STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:

1. 90cc skull size

2. Upright vertebrate

3. Thumb for tool making

Stage 1-Homo Habilis- Stage 1-Homo Habilis- ““Handy ManHandy Man””

First to First to make make stone stone toolstools2.5 2.5 million million years Agoyears Ago

Stage 2- Homo ErectusStage 2- Homo Erectus

• 1.5 million BC – 1.5 million BC – 250,000 BC250,000 BC

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ““upright manupright man””

• 11stst to use to use firefire• May have had May have had

spoken spoken languagelanguage

• 11stst hominid to hominid to migrate migrate out of out of AfricaAfrica

Upright ManMany years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire.

That changed everything!

People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.

Upright ManThese Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives.

Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.

Man Leaves HomeAbout one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world.

Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.

They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas.

Stage 3- Homo SapiensStage 3- Homo Sapiens

• 250,000 BC - 250,000 BC - 30,000 BC30,000 BC

• HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS “ “wise wise humanshumans””

• Neanderthals

• Cro-Magnons

NeanderthalsNeanderthals• Scientists once thought Scientists once thought

that Neanderthals were that Neanderthals were ancestors of modern ancestors of modern humans but no longer humans but no longer do. do.

• These hominids These hominids appeared 200,000 appeared 200,000 years ago. years ago.

• About 30,000 years About 30,000 years ago, though, the ago, though, the Neanderthals strangely Neanderthals strangely disappeared. disappeared.

• 1st to 1st to bury bury their deadtheir dead

• ReligiousReligious beliefsbeliefs

• Clothes made Clothes made of of animal skinanimal skin

Neanderthals*Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. *They were tall and smart* lived in caves*They were great hunters.

Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.

• 30,000-8000 BC30,000-8000 BC• Replaced Replaced

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

• Fully Fully modern modern humanhuman

Cro-Magnons- Cro-Magnons- Homo Homo SapiensSapiens

Cro-Magnon ManAnother group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”.

Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe.

This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.

Cro-Magnon ManThese Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks.

Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters.

They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons• About 10,000 years before Neanderthals About 10,000 years before Neanderthals

vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. • Their bodies were just like those of modern Their bodies were just like those of modern

people. people. • Scientists think that these people Scientists think that these people workedworked with with

one another in planning large-scale one another in planning large-scale huntshunts of of animals. animals.

• They may have also had more skill at They may have also had more skill at speakingspeaking than Neanderthals. than Neanderthals.

• Because they had these skills, the Cro-Because they had these skills, the Cro-Magnons were better at finding food. Magnons were better at finding food. That may That may explain why Cro-Magnons survived and explain why Cro-Magnons survived and Neanderthals did notNeanderthals did not..

• During this time people found shelter in caves and left behind very interesting artifacts

Cave PaintingsCro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls.

His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men.

Over time, a cavemight accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.

•  

Categories Paleolithic Era

Social 1. lived in small nomadic groups2. hunter & gatherer3. 30-50 people4. constantly moving

Government1. Elders controlled the clan2. Power organized based on age

Economy1. Everyone shared property2. People were all equal

Health1. Good health2. If clan suffered from a virus, the whole clan would

become extinct

Roles of Men1. Men were rulers2. Elders controlled power3. They were the hunters

Roles of Women1. Gathered nuts, twigs, roots2. Child bearing was limited

Neolithic Era• Social structure (Growing population)• New agriculture (Domesticating animals)• Food surplus• Settled farming

• Hierarchy• Military & religious leaders had authority

• Valued tools, food, clothes, pottery• Private property/Wealth

• Declined health (Cavities, malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever were now rampant)

• Power now in warrior and religious men’s hands• Plowed fields• New jobs

• Had more children because of new farming• Children were more helpful• Shorter lives

Categories

Social

Government

Economy

Health

Roles of Men

Roles of Women