MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION - THOTTAKAD

Submitted by : Saniyo JobRoll No : 6 Optional : Malayalam

]S-bWn ˛ ss`c-hn-t°m-e-߃

• ]g-a-bpsS \∑-I-fm¬ tKmX-kvar-Xn-I-fp-W¿Øp-Ibpw D®-\o-N-Xzßfn-√mØ kaX]pe¿Øn ]pXp-°m-e-Øn\v hgn-sh-fn-®-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Z¿i-\-amWv ]S-b-Wn.Ibpw sNøp∂ Z¿i-\-amWv ]S-b-Wn.

• Hcp tZi-Øns‚ CcpfI‰nb Nq´p-sh-fn®w

• A·n ]S¿∂ Nq´p-I-‰-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-ap≈Xn\m¬ Cu A\p-jvTm\w Nq´p-]-S-bWnF∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

• [\p A©n\v sX≈nbq¿°mhn¬ Bcw- n-°p∂ ]S-b-Wn-°mew taSw ]Xn-s\m-∂n\vIp∂-¥m\w aT-Øn¬ Imhn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.∂p.

• `K-hXn Imhp-I-fn-emWv ]S-bWn A[n-Ihpw\S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

]pcm-hrØw

• Imfn ˛ Zmcn-I-bp≤amWv ]S-b-Wn-bpsS ]pcm-hrØw

• _“m-hn¬\n∂v a\p-jyt\m I√nt\m Ccp-ºnt\m a‰m-bp-[-߃t°m cmXn-bntem ]Item \ns∂ h[n-°m≥Ign-bp-I-bn-√. \ns‚ c‡w `qan-bn¬ hoWm¬ HmtcmXp≈n-bn¬\n∂pw Bbncw Zmcn-I-∑m¿ P\n-°pw, tZhm-Xp≈n-bn¬\n∂pw Bbncw Zmcn-I-∑m¿ P\n-°pw, tZhm-kp-c-a-\p-jy-∑m-cm¬ \o sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-bn√ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hc-߃ Zmcn-I≥ t\Sn. X∑qew Al-¶m-cn-bmbnamdnb Zmcn-I≥ k¿∆-\miw hnX-bv°m≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.Zmcn-Is\ \in-∏n-°m-\mbn inh≥ Xs‚ aq∂mw Xr°-Æn¬\n∂v Imfnsb krjvSn-°p-∂p.

• Imfn Zmcn-I-\p-ambn bp≤-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´v, _“m-hns‚hcsØ am\n-®p-sIm- v Xs‚ Im¿°q-¥¬sIm- v kqcys\ad®v \mhn¬ Zmcn-Is\ FSpØv apI-fn-tebv°v Npg-‰n-sb-dn™v iqew sIm- v amdp-]n-f¿∂p. ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂vsXdn® tNmc I]m-e-Øn-se-SpØv tImcn-Ip-Sn-®p.

• Zmcn-Im-kp-cs\ h[n®v Ien-Xp-≈n-h∂ Imfnsb im¥-bm-°p-hm≥ tIm]m-Ip-e-bmb Imfn-bpsS ]Xn-cq]w ]mf-bn-se-gpXnhm≥ tIm]m-Ip-e-bmb Imfn-bpsS ]Xn-cq]w ]mf-bn-se-gpXnss`c-hn-t°m-e-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. CXmWv ]S-b-Wn-bpsSBZysØ Zriym-hn-jvI-c-Ww.

ss`chn

• ]S-b-Wn-bnse G‰hpw henb tIme-amWv ss`c-hn. Xp≈-en-e-h-km-\-ambn If-Øn-se-Øn-bn-cp∂tImew ss`c-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v ]e If-ß-fnepw Bcw-`-Øn¬Øs∂ Cu tImewXp≈n°mWp-∂p.

• Imfn-bpsS ]Xn-cq-]-amWv ss`c-hn-t°mew. ]Xn-\m-dv, Ccp-]-Øn-sbm-∂v, ap∏-Øn-c-- v, Aº-Øn-sbm-∂v, Adp-]-Øn-\mev, F¨]-Øn-sbm-∂v, \q‰n-sbm-∂v, Adp-]-Øn-\mev, F¨]-Øn-sbm-∂v, \q‰n-sbm∂v F∂n-ßs\ Ggv hyXy-kvX-X-c-Øn-ep≈ss`c-hn-t°m-e-߃ ]S-b-Wn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• Adp-]-Øn-\mev ]mf-ap-X¬ apI-fn-tem-´p≈tIme-߃°v hymfo-ap-Jw, Fgp-Øp-ap-Jw, Inºn-cn-ap-Jw, ]®-ap-Jw, sh∏p-apJw F∂n-ßs\A©v apJ-ß-fp-- mbn-cn-°pw.

• henb tIme-ß-fn¬ B\-°mXpw knwl-°mXpwFgp-Xp-∂p. \mK-s°´v, Npgn-s°-´v, ]oen-°-Æv, H‰-°-Æv, aµm-cw, IaØv XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-I-fmWvss`c-hn°v hn[n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

• Idp-∏v, shfp-∏v, a™ F∂o \nd-߃°mWv ss`c-• Idp-∏v, shfp-∏v, a™ F∂o \nd-߃°mWv ss`c-hn-t°m-e-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]m[m-\yw.

• \mK-]Sw Fgp-Xnb henb Ie-i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snbs\©p-am-ebpw Ac-bn¬ X- m-bhpw ss`c-hn-°p-- v. tZho-am-lm-fly-ßfpw tZho-kvX-h-ß-fp-amWvCu tIme-Øn\v ]mtS-- -Xv.

\nW-ss`-chn

• \nW-ss`-chn kwlm-c-cp-Z-bmb Imfn-bpsSt\¿°m-gvN-bm-Wv. Zmcn-I-\n-K-lm-\-¥cw Ien-b-S-ßmØ c‡-Zm-ln-bmb Imfn-bpsS ]Xn-cq-]m-flIBhn-jv°-c-W-amWv \nW-ss`-c-hn-sb∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

• Npa∏p \nd-Øn\v ]m[m-\y-ap≈ A]q¿Æsa∂vtXm∂p∂ Fgp-ØmWv hnc-f-ambn Xp≈p∂ CutIme-Øn\v hn[n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. c‡-h¿Æ-Øns‚tIme-Øn\v hn[n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. c‡-h¿Æ-Øns‚B[n-Iy-amWv \nW-ss`-c-hn-sb∂ hnfn°v Imc-Ww.

• apJØpw ]pd-h-Sn-bnepw \mK-]Øn Fgp-Xnb Npgn-∏nepw Npa-∏p-\ndw Xqhp-∂p. Iap-In≥ ]q°peAcn-™Xpw NpÆm-ºv, a™ƒ, Acn-s∏mSn F∂n-hbpw tN¿ØmWv \nWw Ie-°p-∂-Xv.

• tIme-°m-c\v Npa-∏n-se-gp-Xnb apJ-∏m-ftbmNph∂ apJ-sØ-gptØm D- m-bn-cn-°pw. IÆpwIpdnbpw sI´n ZwjvSbpw sh®v Nph∂ ]´p-SpØvIpcp-tØm-e-sIm- v ta¬∏m-hm-S-b-Wn™v Imen¬Nne-ºp-sI´n he-ss¶bn¬ hmfp-ta¥n If-Øn-se-Øp∂ \nW-ss`-chn cW-tZ-h-X-bpsS cuZ-X-bp-W¿Øn Xp≈p∂p.W¿Øn Xp≈p∂p.

• Imfn-˛-Zm-cnI ]pcm-hr-Ø-amWv \nW-ss`-c-hn-°p≈tXm‰-Øn¬ tIƒ°p-∂-Xv.

• Ipdn-b-∂q¿ CS-\m-´p-Im-hp-tZ-ho-t£-X-Øn¬ \nW-ss`-chn ][m-\-tIm-e-am-Wv. Ip∂-¥m\w aT-Øn¬°mhv Ihn-bq¿ Rmen-bn¬ `K-h-Xo-t£XwF∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw \nW-ss`-chn Xp≈m-dp-- v.

Im™n-c-ame

• F¨]-Øn-sbm∂p ]mf-bn-se-gp-Xp∂ henbtIme-amWv Im™n-c-ame

• Idp-∏n\pw shfp-∏n\pw ]m[m-\y-ap≈ tIme-Øns‚ ]pd-h-S-bn¬ ]ncn-\m-K-s°´v Fgp-Xp-∂p.

• B\-°m-Xp-Iƒ°pw knwl-°m-Xp-Iƒ°pw ]IcwXma-c-°m-Xp-Iƒ amX-am-Wp-f-f-Xv.

• ss`c-hn-bn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb apJw Npgn-∏n-s\m∏w ]qhp-Ifpw Im™n-c-am-e-bpsS Fgp-Øns‚s\m∏w ]qhp-Ifpw Im™n-c-am-e-bpsS Fgp-Øns‚]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv.

• Imfnbpw hkq-cn-am-ebpw tN¿∂p Imhp-I-fn¬hkn°pw t]mse ss`c-hn-tbm-sSmØv Im™n-c-ame Ims∏m-en-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

• IS-Ω-\n-´-°m-hn-emWv Cf-b-`-K-h-Xn-bmbn Im™n-c-am-ebpw henb `K-h-Xn-bmbn ss`c-hn-t°m-ehpwIf-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.

tZhX

• X´-I-Ønse AΩ-bpsS cq]w FgpXn kvXpXn-°p-I-bmWv tZh-X-Xp-≈-ens‚ [¿Ωw.

• ss`c-hn-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn¬ ]mf-bpsS shfpØ]X-e-Øn¬ tZh-X-tImew Poh≥h-bv°p-∂p.tIme-Øn¬ ]¥w IpØm-sX-bmWv If-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. ]mf-bn-se-gp-Xnb sh∏p-ap-J-Øn\pØp-∂-Xv. ]mf-bn-se-gp-Xnb sh∏p-ap-J-Øn\p]Icw Xp≈¬°m-cs‚ apJØv ]®-bn-Sp-∂p.Hmtcm Ic-I-fn-ep-a-a-cp-∂ `Kh-Xn-am-cpsS sFXn-ly-I-Y-Ifpw tZi-N-cn-X-ßfpw tZh-X-t°m-e-Øns‚]m´p-I-fn¬ apg-ßp-∂p.

• Ip∂-¥m∂w aT-Øn¬°mhv t£X-Ønse][m\ tIme-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv tZh-X.

N´-tØ-t°mew

• NI-Ø- n¬ LSn-∏n® Db¿∂ N´-Øn¬ IpØn-bp-S-°nb henb ss`c-hnsb hSw-sI´n hen-®mWv If-Øn-te°v sIm- p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Bbn-c-sØm∂v ]mf-bn-emWv N´-tØ-t°mew Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm apJØpw ]¥w IpØnbtijwhS-Øn¬ hen-®p-sIm- v ss`c-hnsb apt∂m´pwhS-Øn¬ hen-®p-sIm- v ss`c-hnsb apt∂m´pw]nt∂m´pw Nen-∏n-®n-f°n Xp≈p∂ ]XoXn Df-hm-°p-∂p.

• HmXd ]pXp-°p-f-ßc `K-hXn t£X-Øn¬Bbn-c-sØm∂v ]mf-bn-se-gp-Xnb N´-tØ-t°mew If-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.

awK-f-ss`-chn

• henb ]S-b-Wn-\m-fn¬ Ah-km\w If-Øn-se-Øp∂ tIme-amWv awK-f-ss`-chn.

• \mK-]-Øn-Itfm apJ-ßtfm C√mØ efn-X-amb awK-f-eX F∂ cN-\-k-t¶-X-amWvCXns‚ Fgp-Øn\v kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AΩ-bpsS]km-Z-Øn-\mbn ]S-b-Wn-sbm-cp°n ip`-amb]km-Z-Øn-\mbn ]S-b-Wn-sbm-cp°n ip`-ambZn\-Øn¬ Nq´p-sh®p temI-tam-ln-\n-bmbAΩ-bpsS temI-tam-l-\-amb cq]w sIm´n-bm¿Øp Xncp-ap-ºn¬ ka¿∏n-®-t∏m-gp-- mbsX‰p-Ip-‰-߃ s]mdp-°phm\p≈ ]m¿∞-\-bmWv awK-f-t°m-e-Øns‚ [¿Ωw.

tIme\n¿ΩnXn

• \mS≥ Iap-Ins‚ aq∂p-apgw \ofhpw Hcp apgwhoXn-bp-ap≈ ]mf-I-fmWv tImew Fgp-Xp-hm≥DØaw. Hcp Iap-In¬\n∂v ]gp-∏p-X-´mØ ]pdw]mf amXamWv D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

• ]mf-bpsS ]pdw AcnIv I\-Øn¬ sNØn• ]mf-bpsS ]pdw AcnIv I\-Øn¬ sNØn\nh¿Ønb shfpØ ]X-e-Øn-emWv Fgp-Øp-Iƒ hcp-∂-Xv.

• NnX ˛ inev] ka-\z-b-cq-]-amb ss`c-hn-t°mew]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amb A©p \nd-°q-´p-IƒsIm- v Fgp-Xp-∂p.

tIme-Ønse \nd-߃

shfp∏v hmbp sh≈n

Idp∏v BImiw Ccpºv

Npa∏v `qan sNºv

\ndw ]©`qX߃ ]©teml߃

Npa∏v `qan sNºv

a™ A·n kz¿Æw

]® Pew Cubw

\nd-߃ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂Xv

• a™ -˛ a™ƒ Act®m CSnt®m s]mSnt®m Nmdm°na™-\n-d-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• Idp∏v ˛ Nnc- -°-cn, F≈n≥ X- p Icn-®Xv ]®-am-hn-e,CØn-fns‚ ]®-bne, DW-°-hm-g-bne F∂nh Icn-s®-Sp-Ø-c®v Idp∏v \nd-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p

• Npa∏v ˛ sN¶-√-ct®m, Imhn-a-Æ-ct®m Npa-∏p-\ndw\n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.\n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.

• ]® ˛ sNØmØ ]mf-bnse Icn-s¥m-en-bpsS \ndw ]®-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

• shfp∏v ˛ ]mf-bpsS sNØnb ]Xew shfp-∏mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p.

• CØcw ]IrXn ZØ-amb \nd-߃ sIm- v hyXykvXss`c-hn-t°m-e-߃ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p.

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