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Pacific Fishery Management Council
1
Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management at the
Pacific Fishery Management Council
Perspectives from the Front Line
Donald O. McIsaac, Ph.D.Pacific Fishery Management Council
Executive DirectorMay 1, 2009
Pacific Fishery Management Council
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Fishery Regulatory Process
Public Input
Council ProcessAdvisory Body Expertise
Fishery Management Policy
Scientific Review
Fishery Regulations
Research/Science
EnforcementU.S. Department of Commerce
Approves and Codifies Federal Fishery Regulations
Council Recommendations to NOAA
U SCoast Guard
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Pacific Council is Poised to Start EBFM: Why?
1. Improve Fishery Management Performance of 1. Improve Fishery Management Performance of Existing Fishery Management Plans, via a More Existing Fishery Management Plans, via a More
Comprehensive Scientific ApproachComprehensive Scientific Approach
Coastal Pelagic SpeciesCoastal Pelagic Species SalmonSalmon
GroundfishGroundfish Highly Migratory SpeciesHighly Migratory Species
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Channel Islands National Marine SanctuaryMarine Protected Areas In Federal Waters
Pacific Council is Poised to Start EBFM: Why?
2. Expand Fishery Management Capabilities to 2. Expand Fishery Management Capabilities to Species and Habitats Not Currently in Council FMPsSpecies and Habitats Not Currently in Council FMPs
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Limited EBFM Concepts in Current Practice at the Pacific Fishery Management Council
•Harvest Ban on All Species of EuphausiidsHarvest Ban on All Species of Euphausiids•Harvest Control Rules for Coastal PelagicsHarvest Control Rules for Coastal Pelagics•Marine Protected AreasMarine Protected Areas•Oregon Coastal Coho Harvest Control Oregon Coastal Coho Harvest Control RuleRule
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Existing EBFM Concepts
• Recognizes Importance of Krill in Marine Food WebRecognizes Importance of Krill in Marine Food Web• Helpful to Overfished Rockfish and Salmon Species Listed Helpful to Overfished Rockfish and Salmon Species Listed
under the ESA.under the ESA.• Implementation Challenges May Have Been Avoided Under Implementation Challenges May Have Been Avoided Under
and Ecosystem Fishery Management Planand Ecosystem Fishery Management Plan
Harvest Ban on All Species of Krill (Harvest Ban on All Species of Krill (Euphausiids)Euphausiids)
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Existing EBFM Concepts
HGyear+1 = (Biomassyear – Cutoff) * Fraction(5%-15%) * Distribution
Harvest Control Rules for Coastal PelagicsHarvest Control Rules for Coastal Pelagics
•Pacific Sardine-150,000mt•Minimizes Potential for Overfishing •Precautionary Forage Species Policy
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0Sea Surface Temperature (°C)
3-Year Moving Average
Expl
oita
tion
Frac
tion
2001 2000 1999 1998
Environmental Component
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Existing EBFM Concepts
Marine Protected AreasMarine Protected Areas
Rockfish Conservation Areas Essential Fish Habitat Closures
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Existing EBFM Concepts
Coho Salmon Coho Salmon HarvestHarvest Control Rule Control Rule
Oregon Coastal Natural Coho Harvest MatrixMARINE SURVIVAL INDEX
(based on return of jacks per hatchery smolt)
Low Medium High
PARENT SPAWNER STATUS Allowable Total Fishery Impact Rate
High: 15% 30% 35%
Medium: 15% 20% 25%
Low:15%
15% 15%10-13%
Uses Smolt to Jack Survival as an Indicator of Uses Smolt to Jack Survival as an Indicator of Marine Ecological ConditionsMarine Ecological Conditions
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Existing EBFM Concepts Multi-Species Management
Pacific Council Does Not Strictly Manage with a Single Species Pacific Council Does Not Strictly Manage with a Single Species FocusFocus
•Krill Harvest Ban – Multiple Species BenefitsKrill Harvest Ban – Multiple Species Benefits
•Salmon Bycatch Management in Pacific Whiting FisherySalmon Bycatch Management in Pacific Whiting Fishery
•Incidental Groundfish Take in Salmon FisheryIncidental Groundfish Take in Salmon Fishery
•Protected Species InteractionsProtected Species Interactions
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Current Status
The Pacific Council is Poised to Start The Pacific Council is Poised to Start Sophisticated EBFMSophisticated EBFM
Fall 2006Fall 2006 Initial Process and Exploration of EBFM Initial Process and Exploration of EBFM ConceptsConcepts
Spring 2007Spring 2007 Developing an Ecosystem FMP Proposed, Plan Developing an Ecosystem FMP Proposed, Plan Development Team Goals/Membership Development Team Goals/Membership IdentifiedIdentified
Summer Summer 20072007
Funding Not ApprovedFunding Not Approved
20082008 Funding Not ApprovedFunding Not Approved
20092009 Funding Currently Being ConsideredFunding Currently Being Considered
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E-FMP Development in 2007“Evolutionary, not revolutionary”
Build on Existing Concepts:•Ecosystem Principles Advisory Panel Report (1999)
•John Field and Robert Francis, Considering ecosystem-based fisheries management in the California Current (2006)
•PSMFC sponsored panel and report Strengthening Scientific Input and Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management for the Pacific and North Pacific Fishery Management
•Council White Paper Development of an Ecosystem Fishery Management Plan
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Annual “State of
the Ecosystem” Report
MarineReserves EA or EIS
ForageSpecies
EA or EIS?
Other EAs/EISs
Umbrella FMP• Discusses regulatory role
• Defines geographic scope• Specifies management unit species•FMP Interrelated, species interactions•Ecosystem Information
“tiered actions”
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Barriers to Implementation
•Funding Funding
•Potential Legal Questions on EBFM Potential Legal Questions on EBFM ImplementationImplementation
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Barriers to ImplementationFunding Funding
•$400K Requested for Initiation of E-FMP, Yet to Be $400K Requested for Initiation of E-FMP, Yet to Be GrantedGranted
•10’s of Millions Spent within NOAA on EBFM10’s of Millions Spent within NOAA on EBFM•On Development, Research, Monitoring, and Modeling, but little On Development, Research, Monitoring, and Modeling, but little on Implementationon Implementation
•The Pacific Council Process is the Proper Regional Forum The Pacific Council Process is the Proper Regional Forum for EBFM Implementation on the West Coastfor EBFM Implementation on the West Coast
• Formal Policy AdoptionFormal Policy Adoption
• Actual Fishing RegulationsActual Fishing Regulations
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Barriers to Implementation
Potential Legal Questions on EBFM Potential Legal Questions on EBFM ImplementationImplementation•Do E-FMPs Need to meet MSA Section 303 Do E-FMPs Need to meet MSA Section 303
Requirements?Requirements?•Benchmarks such as MSY and OY for all componentsBenchmarks such as MSY and OY for all components•OFL and ACLsOFL and ACLs•Management Authority over Ecosystem ComponentsManagement Authority over Ecosystem Components
•Can E-FMPs Include Fishery Management Can E-FMPs Include Fishery Management Authority?Authority?
•MSA Reauthorization Provided Little Specific MSA Reauthorization Provided Little Specific GuidanceGuidance
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What Next?Contingent Upon Funding Contingent Upon Funding
•Form a Plan Development Team - 10 members:Form a Plan Development Team - 10 members:•1 from each coastal state; 1 tribal; 1 each from 1 from each coastal state; 1 tribal; 1 each from the NMFS NWR, SWR, NWFSC, and SWFSC; and 2 the NMFS NWR, SWR, NWFSC, and SWFSC; and 2 from NOS;from NOS;
•From An Advisory Subpanel- 10 members:From An Advisory Subpanel- 10 members:•2 fishery reps. for each of the 4 FMPs, a 2 fishery reps. for each of the 4 FMPs, a conservation representative, and a representative conservation representative, and a representative of coastal communities;of coastal communities;
•Initial Charge: Develop (1) description of the Initial Charge: Develop (1) description of the purpose and need, and (2) a list of goals and purpose and need, and (2) a list of goals and objectives of an Ecosystem FMPobjectives of an Ecosystem FMP
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What Next?Contingent Upon Funding Contingent Upon Funding
•Two-Year Process to Develop an E-Two-Year Process to Develop an E-FMPFMP•Scientific Review – SSC and Peer Scientific Review – SSC and Peer ReviewReview•Full Council ProcessFull Council Process
•Public InputPublic Input•Government Agency and Tribal Government Agency and Tribal InputInput•Transparent Decision MakingTransparent Decision Making
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•True EBFM Implementation and Application on the True EBFM Implementation and Application on the West Coast Must include the Council ProcessWest Coast Must include the Council Process
• A systematic approach for a full regulatory A systematic approach for a full regulatory process via a formal FMP is poised for process via a formal FMP is poised for developmentdevelopment
•Funding and Potential Legal Questions are Current Funding and Potential Legal Questions are Current BarriersBarriers
In Closing
Who is in charge?