P6 - csas.ed.ac.uk€¦ · Web viewNovember 2009. By Carol Galais (UAB), Inés Calzada (CSIC), Enric Martínez-Herrera (UAM) and Francesc Pallarés (UPF) Presentation at CANS meeting

National Identification, Political Engagement and Solidarity in Three Spanish Autonomous Regions

November 2009

By Carol Galais (UAB), Inés Calzada (CSIC), Enric Martínez-Herrera (UAM) and

Francesc Pallarés (UPF)

Presentation at CANS meeting in Brussels, 12-13 November 2009

Political Engagement and Inter-Regional Solidarity in Three Spanish Autonomous Regions

INDEX

1...........................................................................................................................Introduction3

2..................................................................................................................................Identity3

3............................................................................................................Political Engagement4

4..........................................................Bivariate analysis of political engagement indicators.14

5........Two scales suggested for measuring national and autonomous political engagement.25

6......................................................................................................Inter-Regional Solidarity28

2


1. Introduction - Catalonia, Galicia and Castile-La Mancha

- Language, History, Identity

- Economy

- Self-government

2. Identity

Table 1. Relative identifications with the region and Spain (bi-polar scales) by region

Castilla-La

Mancha Cataluña Galicia TotalCatalan/Galician/Castilian-Manchego only 1,8 15,7 5,6 7,6

R > S 5,0 29,4 25,1 19,8

R = S 53,0 39,2 57,7 50,1

R < S 17,5 6,4 6,1 10,0Spanish only 20,8 6,7 3,5 10,3No sabe 0,9 0,7 0,9 0,8No contesta 1,0 2,0 1,0 1,3(n) 878 865 888 2631

Table 2. Intensity of identification (mono-polar scales) with the region and Spain. Means comparison by region. Scales 0-10 Castilla La

ManchaCataluña Galicia

Regional identification

7.18 8.11 8.39

National identification

8.18 5.88 7.50

3


3. Political Engagement

The CANS questions that can give us an idea of Spaniards’ autonomous political

engagement are the following:

1) Importance of voting at the local, regional, national and European levels (q

6a to q6d).

2) Perceived salience of institutional decisions at local, regional, national and

European levels (q7a to q7d).

3) Voting in national (q8 a) and autonomous elections (a9 a)

4) General interest in politics (q10)

5) Individual’s perception of his influence at regional, national and European

levels (q12 a to q12d).

6) Individual’s perception of his own capability of understanding politics at local,

regional, national and European levels (q 38 a to p38 c)

Q10. How interested would you say you are in politics - are you very, quite, hardly or not at all interested in politics?

Catalonia GaliciaCastile-La Mancha

Very interested 17,4 11,9 11,8

Quite interested 38,8 34,2 36,5

Hardly interested 29,4 29,9 33,1

Not at all interested 14,3 24 18,5

Total 894 896 895

4


Figure 3. Political decisions importance, by levels of governance and AACC (% very / quite).

Q 7. How much important are for you the decisions undertaken by the following institutions 1?

a) City Council


Very Important 46,2 40,7 37,4

Quite Important 35,2 36,7 41,5

Hardly important 14,6 17,6 14,8

Not important at all 4,1 4,9 6,3

Total 884 874 874

b) Autonomous Parliament




1 Valid percentages, if the opposite is not mentioned. All data and figures are calculated on the basis of the CANS survey.

5




Total 879 880 863

c) Spanish Parliament






Total 880 853 864

d) European Parliament.






Total 852 817 824

6


Figure 7. Voting importance (% very/ quite important) by levels of government and AC.

8ª. Did you vote in the last national election, in march 2008?


Yes 77,4 87,2 84,2

Not 12,8 10,4 9,6

N 812 879 844

9ª. Did you vote in the last autonomous election?


Yes 72,9 83,0 76,7

Not 14,8 14,0 14,4

N 789 872 820

7


Figure 12. Internal efficacy. % disagree with the statement: “people like me do not have any participation in what …do”.

P12. I am going to read you several statements. Could you please tell me if you agree or

disagree?

a) People like me do no have any participation in what the Government and parliament

of my Autonomy do.


Strongly agree 28,7 22,6 22,2

Agree 38,3 43,9 43,8

disagree 30,0 29,7 29,9

Strongly disagree 3,0 3,8 4,2

Total 867 745 843

b) People like me do no have any participation in what National Government and parliament

do.



Agree 40,4 45,7 44,9

8


disagree 25,3 27,7 29,6


Total 866 849 842

c) People like me do no have any participation in what European Union does.



Agree 41,5 40,9 46,1

disagree 22,6 23,6 25,5


Total 851 836 820

9


Figure 13. Internal efficacy. % disagree with the statement: “politics is too complicated”, by level of governance and CCAA.

P38b. I am going to read you several statements. Could you please tell me if you agree or

disagree?

a) "Sometimes, Autonomous politics seem so complicated that a person like me can’t

understand what is going on”



Agree 34,6 35,8 37,5

Disagree 25,3 28,5 31,5


Total 876 867 870

b) "Sometimes, Spanish politics seem so complicated that a person like me can’t understand

what is going on”



Agree 33,2 37,3 39,7

10


Disagree 27,1 26,2 29,3


Total 873 868 842

c) "Sometimes, European politics seem so complicated that a person like me can’t understand

what is going on”



Agree 35,4 36,6 42,9

Disagree 22,0 24,4 24,1


Total 831 850 849

4. Trivariate analysis of political engagement indicators.

11


Relation between political engagement and education. Column percentages.

Low level of studies (primary, completed or

not)

Lower secondary, Upper secondary First stage of tertiary, Second stage of

tertiary

Catalonia Galicia Castile-La

Mancha


Mancha


Mancha

% Voting in autonomous elections is

very/quite important86 90 88 80 84 79 85 89 79

%voting in national general

elections is very/quite important82 91 89 75 83 84 83 91 89

% Decisions taken at the

autonomous level are very/quite

important

76 84 84,3 79 79 82 83 91 75

Decisions taken at the national level

are very /quite important70 86 76 76 77 84 81 90 91

Voted in autonomous elections 86 91 91 81 82 81 83 89 85

Voted in general elections 87 95 93 83 86 88 87 93 91

Do Not agree: people like me

haven’t any participation in

autonomous institutions

29 22 33 30 27 31 37 48 41


haven’t any participation in Spanish

institutions

23 18 31 27 25 30 30 45 42

Do not agree: sometimes,

autonomous politics seem so

complicated to me...

14 18 25 30 34 40 46 67 65

12


Do not agree: sometimes, Spanish

politics seem so complicated to

me...

11 18 23 31 31 37 49 62 61

13


Relation between political engagement and age. Column percentages.

Youngsters (18-30 years old) Adult (31-60 years old) Older people (>60)


Mancha


Mancha


Mancha

% Voting in autonomous elections is

very/quite important78 83 69 83 87 81 86 89 90





important

80 80 79 83 86 84 75 81 80

Decisions taken at the national level

are very /quite important78 76 84 81 85 88 70 81 83






35 34 34 33 35 35 31 30 32


haven’t any participation in Spanish

institutions

27 28 36 30 33 34 24 30 32

14





40 43 46 34 42 48 28 37 34

Do not agree: sometimes, Spanish

politics seem so complicated to

me...

41 38 43 38 39 44 27 37 34

15


l.

Relation between political engagement and general interest in politics. Column percentages.

A lot Quite Some Not at all

Cat. Galicia Castile-

LM


LM

Cat. Galicia Castilla-

LM


LM

% Voting in autonomous elections

is very/quite important86 93 82 91 95 91 82 84 81 56 74 60


elections is very/quite important86 96 94 87 96 94 78 83 87 50 71 68



important

81 95 77 87 90 83 80 81 88 59 69 70

Decisions taken at the national

level are very /quite important83 91 89 82 91 92 76 79 85 60 66 71

Voted in autonomous elections 83 97 89 88 90 88 81 83 81 74 76 79

Voted in general elections 87 96 95 90 94 93 85 87 87 74 81 84




37 52 37 37 40 41 33 28 33 17 20 17



Spanish institutions

31 48 38 30 39 39 29 26 35 15 19 17

16





56 67 71 38 50 53 22 31 34 20 25 25


Spanish politics seem so


59 69 62 40 48 52 24 27 30 18 22 23

17


Relation between political engagement and perception of the Autonomous Community. Column percentages.

My AC is… a Region My AC is… A nation My AC is… An Autonomous Community

Cat. Galicia Castile-LM Cat. Galicia Castile-LM Cat. Galicia Castile-LM


is very/quite important75 85 81 88 89 86 87 93 83





important

73 81 81 85 89 93 89 90 90


level are very /quite important77 80 85 76 89 90 89 88 87






28 33 34 36 36 41 44 30 54




25 32 33 29 30 42 39 24 57




28 39 44 37 47 32 51 48 69

18





31 36 41 37 44 41 57 48 63

19


Relation between political engagement and the institution which cares the most for your AC (q.15) . Column percentages.

Autonomous government Spanish government Neither of them

Cat. Galicia Castile-LM Cat. Galicia Castile-LM Cat. Galicia Castile-LM


is very/quite important85 89 82 72 82 84 64 74 68





important

84 87 85 61 74 80 57 69 56


level are very /quite important79 84 87 73 72 84 62 83 72


Voted in general elections




88 89 90 85 90 91 77 86 93




35 36 40 39 31 14 13 17 9




29 32 38 39 42 28 11 17 8

20





35 43 45 27 42 41 29 39 39

21


5. Two scales suggested for measuring national and autonomous political engagement.

Candidate items for a Regional Political Engagement scale.

Mean

Cronbach’s alpha if

item deleted

1. Voting in Autonomous elections importance (0-3) 2,2869 ,344

2. Importance of Autonomous parliament decisions (0-3) 2,1876 ,361

3. People like me have participation in Autonomous Government and

Parliament (0-3)1,1302 ,443

4. Autonomous politics do not seem to me too complicated (0-3) 1,2827 ,553

Final 3-item scale: Voting importance + decisions importance + Having some participation (National level) =

0,553

Descriptive statistics for the regional political engagement 3- item scale

Catalonia Galicia Castile-La Mancha

N valid 839 799 799

Missing 61 101 101

Mean 5,5 5,8 5,5

Median 6 6 6

Mode 6 6 6

Std.Deviation 1,9 1,7 1,86

Variance 3,6 3 3,46

Minimum 0 0 0

Maximum 9 9 9

Cronbach’s

Alpha

,557 ,504 ,582

23


Candidate items for a National Political Engagement scale

Mean

Cronbach's Alpha if

Item Deleted

Voting in National elections importance (0-3) 2,3 ,359

Importance of National parliament decisions (0-3) 2,2 ,363

People like me have some participation in National Government and

Parliament (0-3)1,08 ,471

National politics do not seem to me too complicated (0-3) 1,28 ,547

Final 3-item scale: Voting importance + decisions importance + Having some participation (National level) =

0,546.

Descriptive statistics for the National political engagement 3- item scale

Catalonia Galicia Castile-La Mancha

N valid 839 809 813

Missing 61 91 87

Mean 5,32 5,7 5,8

Median 6 6 6

Mode 7 7 6

Std.Deviation 1,8 1,8 1,8

Variance 3,2 3,2 3,2

Minimum 0 0 0

Maximum 9 9 9

Cronbach’s

Alpha

,534 ,527 ,562

24


Political engagement scales correlations.

AC rooting

scale (0-3)Age Ideology

Identification

with AC

(Q31a)

Identification

with Spain

(Q31b)

Catalonia

National political engagement -0,130** -0,043 -0,042 0,003 0,186**

Autonomous political engagement 0,017 -0,017 -0,018 -0,129** 0,159**

Galicia

National political engagement 0,012 0,082* -0,115** 0,068 0,161**

Autonomous political engagement 0,075* -0,007 -0,101** 0,183** 0,076*

Castile-La Mancha

National political engagement -0,049 0,048 -0,11** 0,139** 0,140**

Autonomous political engagement -0,003 0,063 -0,148** 0,297** 0,104**

Figure 15. Differences between autonomous and national engagement scales.

25


6. Inter-Regional Solidarity

Government to even out economic differences between different parts of Spain

Q27Castilla La

Mancha Cataluña GaliciaMuy de acuerdo 53.06 31.98 53.21Bastante de acuerdo 40.92 41.83 36.94Bastante en desacuerdo 4.39 17.38 6.65Muy en desacuerdo 1.62 8.81 3.21(n) 865 863 842

Cramer's V = 0.1973

gamma = 0.0269ASE= 0.026

Table 6. Agreement with direct statements about solidarity between different parts of the countryMoney should be transferred from richer parts to poorer parts of Spain to ensure similar public services

Q28Castilla La

Mancha Cataluña GaliciaMuy de acuerdo 56.22 29.56 52.22Bastante de acuerdo 35.00 37.78 33.89Bastante en desacuerdo 3.78 20.56 5.89Muy en desacuerdo 0.89 8.11 3.11Ns/Nc 4.11 4.00 4.89Total 900 900 900

26


Table 7. Money should be transferred from richer parts to poorer parts of Spain to ensure similar public services. Ordinal logit regression.

CASTILLA LA MANCHA. REGRESIONES ORDINALES.

Modelo 1 Modelo 2 Modelo 3SOLID. REGIONAL (P28) Coef. Coef. Coef.

SEXO -.2141533 -.1574812 -.1804644EDAD -.0152937** -.0145375** -.0143178**ESTUDIOS -.1365468* -.1207529* -.1169202*IDEOLOGIA -.0375952 -.0432627 -.0448914PARADO .2914976 .245187 .2394766IDENTIDAD NAC. .0301109IDENTIF. CCAA -.0048325IDENTIF. ESPAÑA .0278383

Modelo 1 Modelo 2 Modelo 3

Number of obs. 723 744 745LR chi2(6) 19.09 17.28 16.93Prob > chi2 0.004 0.0083 0.0095Pseudo R2 0.0158 0.0137 0.0134

CATALUÑA. REGRESIONES ORDINALES.Modelo 1 Modelo 2 Modelo 3

SOLID. REGIONAL Coef. Coef. Coef.

SEXO .0300877 -.0493185 .0174587EDAD -.0109553* -.0131663*** -.0073842ESTUDIOS .0430013 .1236082* .0526693IDEOLOGIA .0141444 -.0698366* -.0153899PARADO -.3271494 -.2876028 -.3671617IDENTIDAD NAC. -.647615***IDENTIF. CCAA .2402958***IDENTIF. ESPAÑA -.1837277***


27


Number of obs. 739 780 779LR chi2(6) 101.37 73.20 84.47Prob > chi2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Pseudo R2 0.0537 0.0368 0.0425

GALICIA. REGRESIONES ORDINALES.Modelo 1 Modelo 2 Modelo 3

SOLID. cewweeREGIONAL Coef. Coef. Coef.

SEXO .2334918 .1877797 .243642EDAD -.0075357 -.0084196 -.0059431ESTUDIOS -.0119901 -.0052851 -.0097907IDEOLOGIA -.0090536 -.0345877 -.0181022PARADO .1275225 .0661187 .0613862IDENTIDAD NAC. -.2031408*IDENTIF. CCAA -.0489964IDENTIF. ESPAÑA -.0891863**


Number of obs. 726 745 743LR chi2(6) 12.29 10.38 16.10Prob > chi2 0.0557 0.1095 0.0132Pseudo R2 0.0086 0.0071 0.0110* P>Z < 0.05 ** p>Z < 0.005 *** P>Z < 0.005

Table 4. Increasing interviewee’s taxes to help people in need. Means comparison by region. Comunidad Autónoma Mean Std. Err. (n)Castilla-La Mancha 11,4 16,4 770Cataluña 10,2 16,0 799Galicia 11,3 20,0 826Total 11,0 17,6 2394

Eta2 0,00 ns

28

Documents

P6 - csas.ed.ac.uk€¦ · Web viewNovember 2009. By Carol Galais (UAB), Inés Calzada (CSIC), Enric Martínez-Herrera (UAM) and Francesc Pallarés (UPF) Presentation at CANS meeting