P2P Lecture 1-2

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1 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Peer-to-peer Systems with MobileApplications

T-106.5820 - Seminar on Distributed Systems, fall 2007

Jukka K. Nurminen

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2 2007-09-17 / Jukka K. Nurminen

Targets

Get an overview of P2P technologies

Investigate one technology deeply in individual work Stretch your thinking by considering how to apply P2P to mobile domain

Get experience of writing a conference paper or a public demo

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Two ways to do the seminar work

Demo

Build a demonstration of selected topic Deliverables

1(-2) page description of the demo topic (http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/-> Call forpapers->Demos)

Presentation of the demo + supporting material (e.g. slides)

Paper

Draft an article manuscript of selected topic

Deliverables

Paper (http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/-> Call for papers-> 1st IEEE InternationalPeer-to-Peer for Handheld Devices)

Presentation of the paper with relevant supporting material (e.g. slides)
http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/

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Schedule

18.09.200716-18

Introduction to course Introduction to P2P (example P2Psystems, what is P2P)

Ti 25.09.200716-18

Content search (unstructuredand structured P2P: Napster,Gnutella, Kazaa, DHT)

Content delivery (BitTorrent andCoolStreaming)

Ti 02.10.200716-18

Mobile P2P Seminar work selection anddiscussion

Ti 16.10.200713-18

Intermediate report

Ti 27.11.2007

1318

Final report

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Azureus BitTorrent client

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BearShare

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Symbian S60 versions: Symella and SymTorrent

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Skype

How skype works: http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdf
http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdfhttp://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdf

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SETI@home (setiathome.berkeley.edu)

Currently the largest distributed computing effort with over 3 million users

SETI@home is a scientific experiment that uses Internet-connected computers inthe Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). You can participate by runninga free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data.

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Folding@home (http://folding.stanford.edu/)

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PPLive, TVU

PPLive is a P2P television network software that famous all over the world. It has thelargest number of users, the most extensive coverage in internet.

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Joost

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WoW Distribution of patches and software

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Wireless Sensor Networks

P2P aspects

Autonomous operation

Energy efficient communication

Military & natural scienceapplication

Business potential?

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P2P Protocols:

1999: Napster 2000: Gnutella, eDonkey

2001: Kazaa

2002: eMule, BitTorrent

2003: Skype

2004:PPLive 2005:TVKoo,TVAnts,PPStream, SopCast

2006: WoW distribution via P2P

2007: Joost, Vuze

Next: Gaming, mobile P2P

File Download

Streaming

Telephony

Video-on-Demand

Gaming

Application type:

Evolution of P2P via example applications

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Rise of P2P

P2P represented ~65%of InternetTraffic at end 2006

1999: Napster, first widely used p2p-application

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Development of P2P Applications

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

18.0

2.

2002

18.0

5.

2002

18.0

8.

2002

18.1

1.

2002

18.0

2.

2003

18.0

5.

2003

18.0

8.

2003

18.1

1.

2003

18.0

2.

2004

18.0

5.

2004

18.0

8.

2004

datavolumesin%p

erweek

FreenetDirect Connect++CarrachoBlubster

Neo-ModusFastTrack

WinMXShoutcastAudiogalaxyeDonkey2000

HotlineGnutellaBitTorrent

BitTorrent

FastTrack

Gnutellaedonkey

Shoutcast

Data source: http://netflow.internet2.edu/weekly/

Traffic portions of the different P2P applications and protocols from the traffic measured per week in the

Abilene backbone from 18.02.2002 until 18.010.2004

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18 2007-09-17 / Jukka K. Nurminen Confidentiali

Statement

Market share

Marketshare in 2004 (source CacheLogic)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cicciottina.blogspirit.com/images/medium_skype.4.png&imgrefurl=http://cicciottina.blogspirit.com/archive/2006/01/index.html&h=96&w=96&sz=7&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=DbS78mDz7MQ5cM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskype%2Bpng%2Bblue%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

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Driving Forces Behind Peer-to-Peer

Development of the terminal capabilities:

1992:

Average hard disk size: ~0.3Gbyte

Average processing power (clock frequency) of personal computers: ~ 100MHz

2002-04: Average processing power (clock frequency) of personal computers: ~ 3GHz

Average hard disk size: 100 Gbyte

Personal computers have capabilities comparable to servers in the 1990s

2007: Nokia N95 mobile phone

ARM9 ~1GHz clock frequency

Up to 2GB external Micro SD

Development of the communication networks:

Early 1990s: private users start to connect to the Internet via 56kbps modem connections

1999 Introduction of DSL and ADSL connections

Data rates of up to 8.5Mbps via common telephone connections become available

The deregulation of the telephone market shows first effects with significantly reduced tariffs, due toincreased competition on the last mile

bandwidth is plentiful and cheap!

2007 Nokia N95 HSDPA 1.8 Mbps

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Definition of Peer-to-peer (or P2P)

A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies primarily on thecomputing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than

concentrating it in a relatively small number of servers.

A pure peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equalpeer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodeson the network.

This model of network arrangement differs from the client-server model wherecommunication is usually to and from a central server.

Taken from the wikipedia free encyclopedia - www.wikipedia.org

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Why is P2P so successful?

ScalableIts all about sharing resources

No need to provision servers or bandwidth Each user brings its own resource

E.g. resistant to flash crowds

flash crowd = a crowd of users all arriving at the same time

capacity

Resources couldbe:

Files to share;

Upload bandwidth;

Disk storage;

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Why is P2P so successful? (contd)

Cheap - No infrastructure needed

Everybody can bring its own content (at no cost)

Homemade content

Ethnic content

Illegal content

But also legalcontent

High availability Content accessible most of time

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Client/Server: Poor scalability

Client

Client Client

Client

ClientClient

3 bottlenecks

1. Server load

2. Edge capacity

3. End-to-end bandwidth

(Streaming TV quality picture to 4000users would require 3 Gbps outboundbandwidth)

C ll b i C i i

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Collaborative Communications

Client

Client Client

Client

Client

Client

Through cooperation, data transferfrom the server can be reduced.Releases some or all of the

bottlenecks.

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Numeric example with streaming

Each node

Needs: 5Provides: 10

Client/server not able to satisfy need (15)

But with P2P sharing this is feasible

=> Cooperation improves the situation foreverybody

23

5

source

A

B

C

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Some P2P research topics

Anonymity

Contentdistribution

(downloading,streaming)

IncentivesTrust and reputation

Content search

(unstructured,structured)

Applications Mobile use

Self-organizationScience of networks

P2P middleware

Security

Copyrights

Business models

Documents

P2P Lecture 1-2