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Greg HydeRaymond ZhengJoseph RojanoKatie BentleyLori Liebman

P14414P3 ARBORLOO WIND RESISTANCE TEST

STANDDETAILED DESIGN REVIEW

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Team Introductions Project Statement Functional Decomposition System Architecture Concepts Project Refocusing CFD Analysis ANSYS Analysis

Subsystems Risk Analysis Project Plan Moving Forward Summary

OVERVIEW

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TEAM INTRODUCTIONSMember Major RoleGreg Hyde Industrial

EngineerProject Manager

Raymond Zheng

Mechanical Engineer

Lead Engineer

Joseph Rojano

Mechanical Engineer

Secretary

Katie Bentley

Mechanical Engineer

Engineer

Lori Liebman Mechanical Engineer

Engineer

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• Measure wind speed, forces, aerodynamic effects

• Create test procedure for full size and scale testing

• Recommendations for future design of arborloos

PROJECT STATEMENTThe primary objective of this project is to design a scale model and a full-size test stand that will help determine

the wind resistance of various arborloo designs. The scale model test stand should replicate the forces experienced by a Class I hurricane, and the results should be easily

comparable to the lower speed, full-size results.

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FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION Compare hurricane

resistance of arborloo designs

Mimic Hurricane Use/ Create a test plan

Acquire Data(deflection,pressure,

temp,etc.)Secure Environment Stop TestStart Test

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FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION Mimic Hurricane

Hit model with Debris

Accept debris into test system Release DebrisAdjust Relative

SpeedAdjust Model Size

Find Coefficient of Drag(Cd)

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FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION Acquire Data

(deflection,pressure,temp,etc.)

Attach Measuring Devices Take Measurements Record Device

OutputsStore Device

Outputs

Measure Flow(rate) Measure Forces Measure Time

Power Measuring Devices

Calibrate Measuring Devices

Attach directly to model

Use wires to connect to DAQ

device DAQ Data Processing

System

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FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION Secure Environment

Provide Safe/Secure Area

Secure Arborloo to Test Stand

Stop Debris form Leaving Area

Secure Test Stand to Test location

Provide Mounting Mechanism Ensure Stability Prevent Debris from

falling off model

Stop Debris from entering wind

tunnels key components

Secure to wind tunnel

Provide mounting block

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PROCESS MAPSelect

Arborloo design to be

tested

Secure Arborloo into

test stand

Calibrate Measuring

Devices

Start Collection of Relevant

data

Subject Test Stand and Arborloo to

testing environment

Check Test Conditions to

make sure hurricane conditions

Run Test End Test

Stop subjecting test stand and Arborloo to test

conditions

Stop Collecting Data

Are there more designs to test Yes

NoAnalyze Data and Compare

Designs

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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Test Stand

Fluid Monitoring

Measuring Devices

Control Unit/Data Storage

Safety Measures

Power Supply Fluid Control

Human

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CONCEPTS - RIT WIND TUNNELScale Speeds – 1/6 Model

Matching Reynolds Number• Required Wind Tunnel fluid

speed: ~570 mph• Wind tunnel maximum fluid

speed: ~120 mph• Using a model that’s 1/6th as

small,Mimicked wind speed: ~20 mph

• ~40 mph for a 1/3 model

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CONCEPTS - TOW TANK HYBRID 1/6 Scale

• Required velocity of the system to be ~17.5m/s

• Drag force would be ~11455.6 N

• Required motor would need to be ~250hp

1/3 Scale

• Required velocity of the system to be ~8.75 m/s

• Drag force would be ~12124N

• Required motor would need to be ~140hp• If v = 40mph,

Vreq = 7.36m/s Fd = 2145N Preq = ~21hp

• Maximum testable wind speeds would be around 50mph with a 30hp engine assuming 2m/s lazy river velocity

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SCALING LAWS

    

• Dimensional Analysis – allows for identification of key parameters

• Reynolds Number allows to determine model test velocity given a full size expected velocity

• Drag Coefficient allows us to find the expected full size drag force given the model measured drag force

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• CD(Re) – Large Difference Laminar & Turbulent Flows

• To make sure you have dynamic similitude you need to match Reynolds between model and full size so that CD is correct

REYNOLDS NUMBER - IMPORTANCE

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• For infinite plate with 2D flow, CD is actually constant over a vast range of Re

• Can assume CD will always be constant at any velocity

REYNOLDS NUMBER - IMPORTANCE

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DRAG COEFFICIENT- IMPORTANCE

“The drag coefficient for all objects with sharp edges is essentially independent of Reynolds number (for Re>1000)”

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• Because CD is constant for a flat plate at a large range of Reynolds Numbers, there is no need to match wind speed

• No need to match Reynolds Number

• Can obtain CD with low speed tests

• With a constant wind velocity, area and fluid, the drag force can be calculated given CD

PROJECT REFOCUSING

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• Created a simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b• Turbulent Flow Parameters• Flow Characteristics• Pressure Distribution• 3 Models• 22-45 mins simulation time

CFD ANALYSIS

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CFD ANALYSISTOP OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISTOP OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISMIDDLE OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISMIDDLE OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISBOTTOM OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 95 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISBOTTOM OF ARBORLOO

1/6 MODEL AT 570 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISPRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OVER

FACE OF ARBORLOO1/6 MODEL AT

95 MPH

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CFD ANALYSISPRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OVER

FACE OF ARBORLOO1/6 MODEL AT

570 MPH

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• Mechanical Deformation• SOLID 187 • Wood – E=9.03 GPA• Anisotropic Material• 1 inch thickness

ANSYS ANALYSIS

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• Measuring Devices

• DAQ + Data Processing

• Attachments + Model

SUBSYSTEMS

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• Pressure Sensors (Omega PXCPC-001GV )– 5 sensors mounted on face of arborloo– Sensor range 1 kPa – 1000 kPa– Cost: $31 each

SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

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• Pressure sensors will give general pressure distribution• Surface area of arborloo face is known

– 1/6 scale: Area=18 in^2 • Average Pressure x Area = Distributed Force

SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

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• Anemometer– 1 mounted next to arborloo (not obstructing air flow)– Cost: ~$250 each– Used to verify windspeed at arborloo

SUBSYSTEMS – MEASURING DEVICES

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• 2 options for Data acquisition and processing – Option 1: Real time analysis using

LabView• Department equipment available to

convert information from sensors to LabView compatible data

• LabView code would analyze the data instantaneously

– Option 2: External Storage and analysis using LabView, Excel or Matlab• Device can have an external storage that

can be connected to a computer than analyzed in any program that the user desires

• Data must be collected after each test and has a limit on data capacity

SUBSYSTEMS – DAQ + DATA PROCESSING• NI LabView

• National Instruments program that the KGCOE has available for students

• Provides tools that are needed to build measurement and control applications efficiently

• An application can be made to analyze the data as it is being collected and projecting it in a useful format

• Matlab or Excel• Data would be input manually after

being stored on an external drive• Then data would be analyzed using

the program applications

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• RIT Wind Tunnel• Model to be attached via stainless steel plate• Test Model will need to be about 1.5 ft tall max (1/6th

scale)

SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

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• Wind Tunnel Attachment Block

• ¼” thru holes for attachment

• Create adaptor that attaches to the block to simulate the posts of the arborloo in the ground

SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

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SUBSYSTEMS – ATTACHMENTS + MODEL

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RISK ANALYSIS

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RISK ANALYSIS

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PROJECT PLAN

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Weeks 13-15• Test Small Scale in Wind

Tunnel• Design Full Scale Test

Weeks 9-12• Finalize Small Scale Design• Purchase Materials• Build Model

MOVING FORWARD

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OVERVIEW Team Introductions Project Statement Functional Decomposition System Architecture Concepts Project Refocusing CFD Analysis ANSYS Analysis

Subsystems Risk Analysis Project Plan Moving Forward

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QUESTIONS?