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Regional Training Course in Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical
Charting
Accra, Ghana 4 – 15 Apr 2011
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Table of Contents
Summary Sheet…………………………….. page 3
Introduction………………………………… page 4
Objectives………………………………….. page 4
Venue, dates, instructors and participants page 5
Cost………………………………………… page 6
Activities and Proceedings…………………. page 6
Assessment . ……………………………… page 7
Achievements and conclusions…………….. page 8
Annexes
Annex A – List of Participants
Annex B – Timetable and Syllabus
Annex C – Reference Material
Annex D – End of Course Evaluation
Annex E – Photographs
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INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
SUMMARY SHEET
Title of the course: Hydrographic Surveying and Nautical Charting Host: Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA)
and Regional Maritime University, Accra (RMU) Venue: RMU, Accra and practical session in the Port of Tema, Ghana Date: 4 to 15 April 2011 Type: Regional (West and Central African coastal nations) Organized by: IMO, IHO, United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO), GPHA & RMU Supported by: UKHO Number of participants: 16 full time + 4 part time Number of countries: 13 Summary This two-week course brought together participants with a diverse range of background, age and experience (see Annex A for details), but who were united by their desire to develop a hydrographic capability in their own nations. The last minute inclusion of two participants from Nigeria was the exception, in that Nigeria is the only country that already has such a capability and is a member nation of the International Hydrographic Organization. The first week was spent in the classroom, covering the setting up of a national hydrographic office and the fundamentals of hydrographic surveying. The second week began with two days devoted to practical hydrography in the Port of Tema, whilst the final three days were spent covering nautical charting. See Annex B for the detailed syllabus. A summary of the participants’ feedback forms is included at Annex D, from which it is concluded that the course was successful in achieving its aims. Certainly the verbal enthusiasm from the participants, coupled with their stated intentions of pursuing the establishment of hydrographic capabilities, is encouraging.
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2-WEEK REGIONAL TRAINING COURSE IN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING – ACCRA, GHANA – 4 TO 15 APRIL 2011
REPORT FOR IMO
Introduction This regional training course, to benefit West and Central African coastal states, was held at the Regional Maritime University (RMU) in Ghana. The course was hosted by the RMU and the Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA). It was funded by IMO and organized in conjunction with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO). Participants were required to have proficiency in English, since that was the language of delivery; however, 7 were from countries where French is the first language and 2 were from Portuguese-speaking states. This dictated sympathetic modification of the pace of delivery and explanation of hydrographic terminology to suit those less familiar with English. Objectives The training course was intended to provide an overview of the considerations necessary for the building of a national hydrographic capability, both ashore and afloat, and to provide familiarity with the concepts of nautical charting. Although loosely referred to as an IHO "Category C" course, it was made clear to the participants that their attendance would not in any way qualify them as hydrographic practitioners. What it did aim to achieve was to impart sufficient knowledge to enable oversight of hydrographic specifications and operations, potentially for such tasking to be undertaken by contractors. The principal course objectives were to provide an understanding of the following:
• What the term "hydrography" encompasses • The functions and responsibilities of a hydrographic service • Building a national hydrographic capability & sources of funding • Dealing with hydrographic data • Principles of hydrographic surveying • Means and methods of hydrographic data acquisition • Survey planning and execution • Hydrographic data management • Basic chart design and structure • Basic concepts of Electronic Navigation Charts.
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Venue, dates, instructors and participants
Venue The course was held at the Regional Maritime University in Nungua (near Accra), Ghana. The facilities were good and RMU staff were most supportive in response to any requests for assistance, such as last-minute photocopying or changed transport requirements. A large, air-conditioned conference room was provided, equipped with projector and VGA cable (for connection to lecturers' laptop computers), projection screen, flip-chart board and ethernet cable for Internet access, along with plentiful UK-compatible (13 Amp, square-pin) power outlets. A classroom and drawing equipment were made available for chart work whose facilities were adequate for the purpose. In addition, RMU provided daily transport between participants' hotels and the campus. Furthermore RMU provided lunch and morning & afternoon snacks daily, both on campus and off-site during the two practical days. Their staff also did much to foster social interaction by kindly laying on a guided "tourist day" in Accra on the middle Saturday, and in concert with GPHA, hosting a valedictory dinner at the "Marjorie Y" hotel in Tema on the final Thursday evening. In short, RMU staff went out of their way to make participants feel welcome and ensured that all requirements were catered for, ultimately contributing to the overall success of the course. Dates 4 - 15 April 2011 Instructors Lead Instructor Mr. Anthony Jenks (Hydrographic Trainer, UKHO – recently retired Lt Cdr RN) was present for the entire course and was joined by Mr. Kenneth Blagdon (Technical/Cartographic Trainer, UKHO), who delivered the final three days' instruction. Both instructors have a high level of experience (each having over 25 years), skill and knowledge of their subjects. The instructors worked cooperatively to ensure that all the students were actively engaged and participating, by allowing them to explain their concerns and relay stories of note for all to learn by. This interactive approach was key to the success of the course, as the training objectives were enhanced by ensuring that each lesson was delivered with a shared learning objective. Participants Participants were from the following 13 countries: Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone and Togo. See also Annex A – List of Participants. The instructors were pleased with the enthusiasm and involvement of all the participants, who were clearly keen to learn and to derive full benefit from the course.
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Cost The agreed costs as articulated in the Institutional Contract No. 2011/12 were as follows: Details Airfare;
London/Accra/LondonUN Daily
Subsistence Allowance for Accra -DSA
(USD)
Professional fees (USD)
Total (USD)
GBP USD A.W.J. Jenks
£3959 6,368.37 14 days @ $229 per day + terminals of $152
3,358 $400 per day for 15 days
6,000
Ken Blagdon
£2472 3,976.41 3 days @ $229 per day + terminal expenses of $152
839 $400 per day for 6 days
2,400
Total £6,431 10,344.78 4,197 8,400 22,941.78 Activities and proceedings Pre-course assignments None provided Opening & Closing Ceremonies The opening ceremony was chaired by Mr NP Galley (Head of GPHA) and coordinated by Captain C Haizel (RMU). The welcome address was given by Mr. A Asamoah (Rector RMU) and further addresses were given by Mr M Luguje (Regional IMO Coordinator) and Mr. AWJ Jenks (Lead Instructor). The latter outlined the rationale for the course and summarized the potential benefits to participants' nations in developing hydrographic capabilities and ultimately becoming members of IHO. At the closing ceremony remarks were requested from the participants' representative (Mr. C Gono – Liberia) and the lead instructor (Mr. AWJ Jenks), who collectively thanked the IMO, RMU & GPHA and expressed pleasure at the success of the course, before further complimentary remarks from Capt C Haizel (RMU). Certificates were then presented by Dr M Manuel (Dean RMU), followed by closing remarks by Dr G Jaw (Deputy Rector RMU). Photographs were taken afterwards, one of which appears as the frontispiece of this report. Course Proceedings The course began with a session in which the students and lead instructor introduced themselves. This was followed by a short session that outlined the aims and objectives of
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the course, covered administrative and domestic details and sought views from the participants as to what they hoped individually to achieve from the course. The rest of the first week was devoted to PowerPoint-based lectures, flip-chart explanations and interactive group discussions covering the hydrographic syllabus detailed at Annex B. The first two days of the second week (11 & 12 Apr) were allocated to practical hydrography, including data acquisition afloat in the Port of Tema, courtesy of GPHA. Having discussed the options beforehand with the Lead Instructor (Mr Tony Jenks), the Port Surveyor (Mr George Owusu-Ansah) led the activities for this part of the course. With 16 participants it was necessary to split the course into two groups. Each group spent one full day based in Tema and on the other day visited the Ghana Land Survey Department (GLSD) in Accra. Because the Lead Instructor and Port Surveyor (who had arranged the GLSD visit) were involved with the demonstrations afloat on both days, neither was able to experience GLSD at first hand, however, verbal feedback from the participants about it was most positive. For each group the day in Tema (see photos at Annex E) comprised a visit to Port Control and the Port Survey Department, viewing of the base station for Real Time Kinematic GPS, tide poles and tide gauge, data gathering in the survey launch (a pilot boat) and subsequent data post-processing ashore. The afloat sessions started with a bar-check calibration of the Marimatech E-Sound 206 echo sounder before running main survey lines and cross lines inside the harbour, using Hypack software for line guidance and data logging. On completion participants witnessed post-processing of the data (including tidal reduction) in the Port Survey Offices. GPHA does not possess a side scan sonar system; it is for consideration that on future courses provision of such a system might be investigated (see participants' feedback comment 1 at Annex D). The final three days of the course were devoted to Nautical Charting, instructed by Mr. Ken Blagdon (UKHO) and covered the syllabus detailed under that heading at Annex B. Provision had been made for 16 students, one student (Tailly Noel – Côte D’Ivoire) was sick during the last three days; however, he was replaced by a Ghanaian Naval student and 2 GPHA students, all of whom took an active part in the course. Assessment Examination of the material was not specified and, in view of the wide-ranging background of the participants (from those who had never seen a marine chart before, to those who are already hydrographic practitioners) neither was it felt appropriate. However, in order to test the efficacy of the instruction, the usual technique of "pose, pause and pounce" questioning was continually employed. Ken Blagdon did conduct an “Entry” and “Exit” test for the Nautical charting section of the course. This consisted of 10 questions relating to topics which would be covered being asked at the start of the course, the same 10 questions were then asked at the end of the course. When the two results were compared it was noted that all students achieved higher marks on the “Exit” test. It was noted however that there was a written English/language barrier to overcome which the students to their credit, overcame with flying colours. Achievements and conclusions Further to the appreciative comments made under the heading "Venue" above, the instructors were grateful for the administrative and IT support provided by RMU staff; also to
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the Port Surveyor and other GPHA staff for their enthusiastic and professional support of the two practical days in Tema. A good rapport was built between the instructors and participants, the latter being fully engaged and mostly stretched by the breadth of material covered in just two weeks. Many said how much they enjoyed the course and were clearly interested in the subject matter, expressing a desire to return for further enlightenment if the opportunity presented, or to progress to an IHO Cat B course or beyond. The feedback at Annex D articulates the various thoughts on the length of this course, although it is considered that two weeks was probably about right. In conclusion it is felt that the aims of the course were met, in that all participants now have a good grasp of the fundamentals of hydrography and charting, coupled with a desire to drive forward the quest to build national capabilities. It is of note that probably the most influential participant (Mr Gono – Liberia) expressed an intention to pursue such development with the utmost vigour and was actively encouraging collaboration with neighbouring states.
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ANNEX A
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING - 4 TO 15 APRIL 2011
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS – IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY COUNTRY
S/N NAME DESIGNATION COUNTRY E-MAIL ADDRESS - Tony Jenks Instructor - UKHO United Kingdom [email protected]
- Ken Blagdon Instructor - UKHO United Kingdom [email protected]
1 Momo Pierre Marie Chef de service du traffic et de la sureté maritime
Cameroon [email protected]
2 Karamoko Gbané Seydou Head of service, Coast Guard Department
Côte d’Ivoire [email protected]
3* Tailly Noel * Head of Hydrographic and Dredging Department*
Côte d’Ivoire* [email protected]
4 Kinkela Nasina Jean Head of service for processing Hydrographic data
DR Congo [email protected]
5 Kibat-Mwangala Ponce Marine Affairs controller Gabon [email protected]
6 Dominic Correa Trainee Hydrographer The Gambia [email protected]
7 Thanki Raju Maritime Pilot Ghana [email protected]
8 Isaac Yirenkyi Geodetic Engineer Ghana [email protected] 9 George Asio Sub Lt - Ghana Navy Ghana [email protected]
10 Souleymane Bah Ingénieur Hydrographe Guinea [email protected] 11 Jocias W.F.Teixeira Chief of ship Inspector Guinea Bissau [email protected]
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S/N NAME DESIGNATION COUNTRY E-MAIL ADDRESS 12 Charles A. Gono Jr Deputy Commissioner Maritime
Safety & Environmental Liberia [email protected]
13 Amadi Chibuzo Marine Safety Information Officer Nigeria [email protected] 14 Manasseh Philemon Survey Recorder Nigeria [email protected] 15 Hilario Bandeira Ship Inspector Sao Tome & P [email protected] 16 Williams Hartwell Maritime Safety Supervisor Sierra Leone [email protected] 17 Djahlin Kote Chief of Maritime Safety Division Togo [email protected] William Koki Darbo** GPHA Ghana [email protected] Samuel Ago Mantey** GPHA Ghana [email protected]
* S/N 3, the second entry from Côte d’Ivoire (Tailly Noel), sadly fell ill on 11 Apr and was not fit enough to return before the end of the course. Mr George Owusu-Ansah (Tema Port Surveyor) also sat in on much of the course. The two cartographers on his staff (marked ** above) attended the final three days of the course that were devoted to nautical charting.
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ANNEX B HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING - 4 TO 15 APRIL 2011
TIMETABLE Course Times: 0830 – 1600hrs (Mon - Fri) Lunch break: 1230 – 1330hrs HYDROGRAPHIC SYLLABUS (4-12 APR) HYDROGRAPHY ONE – THEORY 1. What is Hydrography?
IHO Dictionary definition Brief history of hydrography Hydrography today
Hydrographic surveying Nautical charting Maritime safety Information
International Hydrography The IHO RHCs
2. Why do we need Hydrography?International Obligations of a Maritime State
Coastal state’s area of responsibility TTWs and EEZ Review by state attending the course
SOLAS Review SOLAS history Review SOLAS signatories by state Review hydrographic obligations
UN Resolution A53/32 Importance of the hydrographic responsibility of a coastal state - 'Pay up or
else!' National need
Safe and efficient operation of maritime traffic - nautical charting History, role and purpose of the nautical chart Types of chart and chart users
Maritime infrastructure – ports, harbours, marinas Discuss by country
Maritime boundary delimitation - UNCLOS Discuss by country
Coastal Zone Management Exploration and Exploitation of Marine Resources - Tourism Environmental Protection Maritime Defence
Value and Uses of Hydrographic Data Maritime data stakeholders 'Gather Once - Use Many Times' Maritime Spatial Data Infrastructure
The value of hydrography to the nation
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Practical Session – Development of the students' national and regional needs
3. Role and Functions of a Hydrographic Service
The Roles Primarily to aid the efficient and safe use of maritime transport To collect, with systematic surveys at sea and along the coast, georeferenced data. To process the information collected in order to create organized databases capable of feeding the production of thematic maps, nautical charts and other types of documentation To update the databases through re-survey when and where needed, gathering supplementary information from other maritime authorities To ensure the production, distribution and updating of charts To ensure the timely dissemination of maritime safety information
The Functions Primarily the co-ordination and management of hydrographic services MSI and AtoNs
RNW NtoM
Hydrographic surveys Determine the need for surveys Instigate surveys Co-ordinate government ministries and commercial surveys
Nautical charts Production Distribution Maintenance
Nautical publications Production Distribution Maintenance
Provide information to marine spatial users
4. The National Hydrographic FrameworkMaritime stakeholders
Ministry of Transport and/or Communications Ministry of Defence/Interior/Home Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Industry/Commerce Ministry for Development Ministry for Foreign Affairs Ministry for Tourism Ministry for Fisheries Ministry for the Environment
National Maritime Policy The need for and benefits of a National Maritime Policy National hydrographic coordination - The National Hydrographic Committee
5. The National Hydrographic Service Establishment ToRs Authority Capability Funding
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6. Building a National Hydrographic CapabilityIHO Capacity Building Phases
Phase 1 MSI Phase 2 Hydrographic Surveying Phase 3 Nautical Charting
Setting the National Level National requirement National aspirations Achieving the balance
Developing the National Hydrographic Capability Personnel and Training Equipment Funding
7. Overview of Hydrography - Start to ChartSurvey requirement Survey standards Survey methods and standards Survey delivery MSI Survey validation Chart compilation and production Chart distribution and maintenance
8. Data - The Gathering Problem - 'Nothing Happens Without Data'Data gathering
National data gathering National Waters Ports
Collaborative ventures – nations co-operating In-house versus contract surveys
In-house surveys Personnel Training Equipment Funding Advantage sand Disadvantages
Contract surveys Developing the technical specification Choosing the company - PQQ The tender process Contract placement Survey oversight Survey data validation Advantages and disadvantages
Funding Internal Funding External funding
9. Data - The Problem - 'What do I do with the data?'The liability question MSI
WWNWS Local warnings Chart and Publication corrections
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Nautical Charting SOLAS Local needs
Publications The UKHO’s Code of Practice for the provision of hydrographic information HYDROGRAPHY TWO – PRACTICAL 1. Introduction to Hydrographic Surveying
Framework of a survey Position
Shape of the Earth Co-ordinate systems - Local and ITRF
Depth Determination and Object Detection The unknown - the seabed SBES SSS MBES
Motion Roll Pitch Heave
Water level Simple tidal theory Datums
Data density By survey system By requirement By IHO Standard
Survey Standards S44 discussion CATZOCS
Survey Methods Positioning
Positioning methods ashore Positioning methods afloat
Depth finding including SV Principles of depth determination Acoustic systems Non-acoustic systems
Motion sensing and application Types and effects of motion Allowance for motion
Water level measurement and application Water level determination methods
Pole Gauge
Hydrographic data acquisition and logging Depth Position Motion Time
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2. Hydrographic Survey PlanningSurvey Preparations
Review of the survey requirement Survey Reconnaissance
Navigational charts Maps Digital topography Photographs Local knowledge Weather and sea conditions
Survey equipment preparation and calibration Hydrographic Survey Planning
Line Planning SBES Scale Line Spacing and direction Survey speed 'Holidays'
Line Planning MBES Line direction Coverage
Tidal observations
3. Hydrographic Surveying OperationsSurvey Preparations
Survey planning exercise Field preparations
Shore control station Tidal station
Calibrations GPS Static GPS Dynamic SV/Bar Check
Survey Data Gathering Sounding operations - SBES Sounding Operations – MBES
4. Hydrographic Data Management Reduction of raw data
Position Tide Speed of sound
Obtain positions and depths of the lines surveyed Analyze data and results Data presentation
Analogue Digital
Survey Report Bibliography IHO M2 - National Maritime Policies and Hydrographic Services IHO C13 - Manual on Hydrography IHO S44 Edition – IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys
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NAUTICAL CHARTING SYLLABUS (13-15 APR) Wednesday 13/04/2011
• Role and purpose of the Navigational Chart
• Types of chart and chart users, chart scales/marginalia/titles/notes
• Chart Projections
• Latitude and Longitude Thursday 14/04/2011
• Chart Symbols and Abbreviations
• Source material and Sailing Directions
• Depth Units / Contours
• Navigational Dangers
• Accuracy, Precision and reliability
• Navigational Aids Friday 15/04/2011
• Navigational Buoys
• Navigational Lights
• Data Assessment
• ENC
• End of course wash and brush up
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ANNEX C HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING - 4 TO 15 APRIL 2011 REFERENCE MATERIAL
Contents of memory stick supplied to each participant:
IHO Publications Cartography Symbols (3 PDFs of INT1-3) C13 – Manual of Hydrography (8 PDFs)
C55 – Status of Hydrographic Surveying & Nautical Charting Worldwide (links only) M2 – National Maritime Policies & Hydrographic Services S4 – Chart Specifications (2 PDFs) S11 – Maintenance of Charts (3 PDFs) S32 – Hydrographic Dictionary S44 – IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys SOLAS Chapter 5 – Safety of Navigation
Others Soft copy of “Training Notes” Selected PowerPoint slides from the hydrographic and cartographic lectures
Hard copy material provided to each student M2 – National Maritime Policies & Hydrographic Services “Training Notes” from the course’s hydrographic and cartographic elements
INT1 Symbols and abbreviations NP735 – IALA Buoyage
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ANNEX D HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING END OF COURSE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE – SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM THE 16 FULL TIME PARTICIPANTS 1 Figures in Rows 3 to 7 refer to the numbers of participants
selecting the scores in Row 2 Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree
2 Score 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 The course met my personal objectives 8 7 1 0 0 0 4 The subject matter was clearly and logically explained 6 10 0 0 0 0 5 The style and delivery matched my learning style 7 7 2 0 0 0 6 The content and delivery was challenging & inspiring 5 8 3 0 0 0 7 Overall I was satisfied with the training provided 7 7 2 0 0 0 Participants’ Comments 1. 3 participants would have liked more time allocated to practical work; a further one would have liked to have had a sidescan sonar available for demonstration afloat. 2. 2 participants would have liked greater coverage, without specifying whether they wanted greater scope, depth or both. 3. 2 participants would like follow-on courses both to maintain currency and to check on progress towards national development of a hydrographic capability. 4. 3 participants mentioned their lack of familiarity with the English language, but found that they had been able to cope. 5. 1 participant said he would have liked the course to be longer. 6. 1 participant suggested that pre-course reading should be made available for any future such courses. Lead Instructor’s Comments on those from the participants 1. More time on practical work is a worthy aspiration, however:
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a. With so large a number of participants, getting everyone afloat simultaneously is not feasible. On this course, the survey vessel was actually large enough to take half the course at one time, and it was only thanks to the Ghana Ports and Harbour Authority that gainful employment for those not embarking on each of the two days allocated to practical work was arranged, i.e. visiting the Ghana Land Survey Department. b. The amount of benefit that can be derived from the practical sessions is a function of the amount of equipment available. In this case, the lack of a sidescan sonar would have curbed the value in spending more time simply gathering depth data from a single beam echo sounder. c. Any more time devoted to practical work would probably lead to a need for lengthening the course, however, this should be weighted against the aim of the course, which is to give people an appreciation of what hydrography entails, rather than training participants to become surveyors themselves.
2. It was clear from the outset that those participants from French and Portuguese-speaking countries would find it hard to follow a condensed course delivered in English and which of necessity introduced much specialist terminology. The lead instructor has considerable experience of such a situation and was able to deliver his material accordingly, however, it does reinforce the point about the importance of selecting individuals to attend such courses who are competent in the language of delivery. Notwithstanding this, many complimentary remarks were made about the style of instruction. 3. The suggestion that participants should be invited to undertake pre-course reading is not agreed. Being realistic, only a handful of participants on a typical course would undertake it, and without prior knowledge of the topic, trying to immerse oneself in a specialist book (such as IHO’s publication C-13 – Manual on Hydrography) would render much of it impenetrable. The course is designed to introduce participants with no previous experience to hydrography. 4. Although only one participant put it in writing, verbal comments suggested that many felt the course should be longer. This is impracticable because of financial constraints and the difficulty of sparing participants from their primary employment for a longer period. Also the aims of the course, as mentioned in the Lead Instructor’s comment 1c (above), mitigate against this. 5. In summary, the course generally appears to have been well received and to have achieved its aims. Certainly the participants seem to have enjoyed the experience and most have expressed a desire to take steps towards establishing a hydrographic capability in their own nations.
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ANNEX E HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL CHARTING - 4 TO 15 APRIL 2011 PHOTOGRAPHS
Banner in the Conference Room
Survey Boat Bow (outboard) Survey Boat Stern (outboard)
Survey Boat in Tema Harbour RTK GPS Base Station
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