P11451 Week 4Cook Stove Test Stand Group

David SamHuseyin ZorbaPhillip Amsler

Agenda• Customer Needs-v3• Engineering Specs-v3• System Level Work-v2• Work Breakdown• Failure Fish Bone • Schedule-v2• Risk List-v2• Hardware Outputs and Shortcomings• Error Testing and Benchmarking• Plans for week 5

Customer Needs-UpdatedRevision #: 2

Customer Need # Importance Description Comments/Status

CN1 1 Accurate Statistical Results:Repeatable results, minimize variability and quantify uncertainty

Main customer need, by minimizing variability we can achieve repeatable results and quantify our uncertainty.

CN2 1 Document standardized water boil test Document a water boil test or modified water boil test with a test procedure and user manual.

CN3 1 Document standardized quick stove test

Create and document a quick stove test procedure for teams to test under a range of scenarios with instant feedback. By changing one input, user should be able to identify the impact in the output. This test should have a user manual.

CN4 1 Document a field like test

Create and document a test procedure to test the stove under Haitian cooking style which may include longer time to boil. Procedure should be documented with a user manual.

CN5 1 Measure efficiency and it's uncertainty Measure the efficiency of the thermal versus chemical energy used.

CN6 1 Safety Test stand should be safe to operate for untrained users.

CN7 1 Benchmark against other stoves

Test and compare our stove versus rebar stove or another kind of stove under same test conditions. This will allow comparison of results such as fuel usage, emissions, and time to boil

CN8 1 Quantify emissions Greenhouse gases such as CO.

CN9 2 Quantify particulate matter Any solid matter output from the stove into the surrounding environment.

CN10 2 Durable Test stand should be durable and able to withstand years of testing

CN102 Ease of use Test stand should be ergonomic and easily used by one

user. Also testing should be easily performed by any user.

Engineering Specifications-UpdatedRevision #: 2

Engr. Spec. # Importance Source Specification (description) Unit of

MeasureMarginal

Value Ideal Value Comments/Status

ES1 1

CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,

CN7Repeatable time to boil

Standard deviation (%)

<20% <10%Boiling time (mins) is an output of the WBT and customer need is to have these results be repeatable and to minimize variability

ES2 1

CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,

CN7Repeatable specific fuel consumption

Standard deviation (%)

<20% <10%Ratio of total amount of wood used to the amount of water (grams fuel/ grams of water) from WBT, this a specification that can be used in benchmarking.

ES3 1

CN1, CN2, CN3,CN4, CN5, CN7

Repeatable thermal efficiency of stoveCoefficient of Variation (%)

<20% <10%Ratio of the work done by heating and evaporating water to the energy consumed by the fuel source. The thermal efficiency should be repeatable to ensure validity of testing.

ES4 1

CN1, CN2,CN3, CN4 CN7

Repeatable fuel rate consumptionStandard deviation (%)

<10% <5%

Fuel rate consumption (g/min), by obtaining repeatable results, we can observe the differences in setting up the fuel source and lighting procedure to help us determine the best method and which is conserve fuel the best.

ES5 1

CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4,

CN7

Repeatable firepowerStandard deviation (%)

<10% <5%

Firepower is the rate of fuel energy consumed by the stove per minute which can give us the power output of the stove in watts. This can be calculated from WBT data and could also be useful benchmarking.

ES6 1

CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN8

Accurate emission measurements Std Dev g (grams)

<2.0 grams

< 1.0 grams

Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 20 grams of CO and most forced air stoves emit less than 10 grams.

ES7 1 CN6Number of accidents # Accidents 0 0

Accidents relating to burns, cuts, and shock should be zero for maximum safety. This test stand must be safe for general use.

ES8 1CN2, CN3, CN4, CN8

User manual ease # Questions <3 0Through documentation, any user should be able to read and set up the test stand and perform testing without any questions.

ES9 2

CN1, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN7, CN9

Accurate particulate measurements Std Dev (mg) <150 mg <50 mg

Based on Aprovecho WBT emission performance testing, cook stoves should emit less than 1500 grams of particulate matter and it seems that most forced air stoves emit less than 500 mg.

ES10 2 CN10

Set up time minutes <20 < 10

Related to ease of use, set up time for any user should not take longer than 20 minutes. Goal would be 10 minutes from transporting stand and equipment to loading fuel and lighting fuel.

System Level Work

System Specifications(Size, Fan, etc.)

Noise Factors

System

OutcomesPositives

a)EfficiencyNegatives

a)Emissionsb)Particulate Matter

System Level Work

InputsTest Standards

a)Charcoalb)Stove (Any Kind)c)Test Type (Short, Relevant, WBT)d)Lighting Technique

SYSTEM

Outputsa)Emissionsb)Solid Wastesc)Test Timed)Efficiencye)Statistical Accuracy

System Level Work

Improvement Assessment

Change in Design Waste Management

Impact Assessment

Ecological Health

Inventory

Quantify:Raw Material,Energy,Waste Perform the Test

Goal

Project Scope

Work Break Down

Fish Bone

Schedule-Version 2

Risk List-Version 2ID Risk Item Effect Cause Likelihood Severity

Importanc

e Action to Minimize Risk Owner

# Short description of project risk.

What is the effect on any or all of the project

deliverables if the cause actually

happens?

What are the possible cause(s) of this risk?     L*S

What action(s) will you take (and by when) to prevent, reduce the impact of, or transfer the risk of this

occurring?

Who is responsible for

following through on mitigation?

1

Metrics could be inaccurate or

changing. (Charcoal Mass, Volume Water, etc.)

Bad test, data neglected-repeatability decreases.

Bad test standards, poor measurement devices. 1 2 2

Solid repeatable procedure with proven measurement devices (i.e. beakers, scale,

etc.) Huseyin

4 Test difficult to assemble or run.

Time lost in experiment, and likely require more than 1 person to run

Test stand difficult to push, multiple pieces to

assemble, difficult to hook up wires.

3 1 3Minimize number of pieces in

assembly, and increase mobility of stand.

Huseyin

7Data acquisition

hardware failure/breakdown

Cost of new equipment, extra test needed.

Hotter fire from wood, general ware. 1 3 3

Careful handling of test equipment and solid

repeatable procedure. Phil

3Emission data inaccurate or

immeasurable

Emission data unknown, or could add noise to the

system output.

Emission sensor maxed out or not capable of reading

highly concentrated emissions.

2 2 4 Install researched and proven Emission measurement device Dave

6Changing fuel type (hard/soft charcoal,

wood, vines, and combinations)

More variables, less repeatability, and more

test runs needed. Changing brands of

charcoal 2 2 4 Use one repeatable fuel type Dave

2 Ventilation Failure Emission data unknown,

test will need to be redone.

Fan won’t start, chimney breaks, or won’t attach

properly. 2 3 6 Install dependable fan. Phil

5Changing weather

or atmospheric conditions

Noise added to experimental efficiency,

etc. Changing humidity,

temperature, wind, etc. 3 2 6Plan to standardize moisture in

coal before the experiment, and generally plan for tests

during fair weather. Phil

Test Stand Hardware OutputsCO Particulate

MatterUncertainties

CO Meter FilterNew Vent Fan Testing Extreme Cases

Extech CO50 SamplingBig Fan Wait

time duringlighting

Wet/DryCharcoal

Whole Chimney Charcoal

sizes

Temp Range

Impede Chimney?

Relative Sample? Δ EmissionsΔ Start

Time

Solu

tion

Choi

ces

Prob

lem

s

1 2

Error Testing and Benchmarking

• Test other stoves (i.e.. Rebar) for emissions– Compare to published WBT data– Check if test stand has systematic or arbitrary

errors• If test is successfully repeatable then we will

know how the P11461 stove compares.

Plans for Week 5

• Create System Level Review• Fix Test Stand-New Exhaust Fan and Wheels• Perform Tests-Collect Data• Continue qualitative tests• Receive feedback and continue to iterate

project deliverables• Update EDGE

Invitees for The System Design Review

• Professor John Wellin (ME)• Professor Robert Stevens (ME)• Professor Brian Thorn (IE)• Professor Matthew Marshall (IE)• Professor Ed Hanzlik (ME)

Questions?

Particulate Filter Placement

Whole Chimney % Sampling

Added Head Loss Unknown Relation Sample/Actual

Could Choke Chimney Assumes Uniform Concentration

Reverse QLeak Uncommon Testing Method

Unknown Flow Rate

QVent

QStove

QLeak

Whole Chimney % Sampling

Known Particulate Mass

Negligible affect on flow rate

Simple Test Method (mass difference)

Simple Test

Cheap

Minimum Change in Test Stand

Pros

Cons

*Simple qualitative test with shirt or other impedance on Chimney will determine viability.

Testing Extreme ConditionsTest Wet/Dry Charcoal Lighter Fluid Wait Times Varying Charcoal Sizes

1 Test with charcoal set at room humidity (~25%)

Apply lighter fluid uniformly and immediately light

Use charcoal straight from the bag (1kg)

2 Test with charcoal set at high humidity (~75%)

Apply lighter fluid uniformly and wait to light for 5-7 minutes (standard WBT)

Cut coal into uniform pieces and place piece by piece in stove. (1kg)

3-

Apply lighter fluid uniformly and wait to light for ~30 minutes

-

Why the EXTECH CO50

• Meant for High CO concentrations – 0-10,000 ppm range.– Higher than current CO meter

• Reasonable price – $229

• Small dimensions– 1.5" x 10" x 1.1“ will fit current test stand

• http://www.gwjcompany.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=65_141&products_id=766

Supporting Slides 1

CO Emission

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Simple Stoves Rocket Stoves Gasifiers Forced Air Charcoal Liquid/Gas

Supporting Slides 2

PM Emissions

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NOTE: Only 1 PM measurement for 9 stoves

Simple Stoves Rocket Stoves Gasifiers Forced Air Charcoal Liquid/Gas