P1- Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum - Qs and MS · 2019-05-10 · P1- Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Q1. Some students investigate a converging lens. The students set

P1- Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Q1.

Some students investigate a converging lens. The students set up the apparatus as shown.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(i) The distance X is (1)

A the focal length

B the object distance

C the eyepiece distance

D the magnification

(ii) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. (2)

The size of the image is ......................the distant object. The type of image formed on the screen is a ......................image. Q2.

A lens can be used to produce a clear image of a distant object on a screen.

(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The image produced is real because it is (1)

A in focus

B magnified

C on a screen

D smaller

(ii) Describe how to measure the focal length of the lens. (2)

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) The diagram shows a simple telescope which uses two lenses to look at stars.

(i) Explain what the eyepiece lens does.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The light that travels from the stars transfers

(1)

A charge

B energy

C mass

D matter (c) Light and sound waves are produced at the same time by an explosion on Earth.

(i) The sound of the explosion is heard 1920 metres away 6.0 seconds after the explosion has happened. Calculate the speed of sound in air.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) A scientist is standing a long way from the explosion.

Explain why he hears the explosion a few seconds after he sees it. (2)

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(Total for Question = 10 marks)

Q3. All objects emit electromagnetic radiation.

The intensity and wavelength of the emitted radiation vary with the temperature of the object.

Figure 8 shows this variation for an object at two different temperatures.

The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum is also shown.

Figure 8

Describe how intensity of the emitted radiation changes with temperature.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 2 marks) Q4. A student investigates how light behaves as it leaves a clear plastic block.

Figure 4 shows some of her equipment and the path of a ray of light through the block.

Figure 4

(a) Describe how the student can make sure the light does not change direction as it enters the block.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(b) Describe what happens to the ray of light when the angle of incidence is increased beyond the critical angle.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q5. A student investigates how the surface of an object affects the radiation it emits.

Figure 7 shows the equipment he uses.

Figure 7

The cube has four different surfaces.

He fills the cube with boiling water so that the temperature of each surface is the same.

He uses the radiation sensor to measure the radiation emitted from each surface.

(i) His readings are shown. Draw a line from each surface colour to its correct meter reading. One has been done for you.

(2)

(ii) The temperature of each surface is the same. Give a reason why the radiation sensor gives a different reading for each surface.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q6. Figure 12 shows ray diagrams with objects placed at different distances from lenses.

(3)

Figure 12

A student writes the conclusion:

'All lenses produce real images'.

Comment on the student's conclusion.

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Q7.

The electric motors which drive the wheels are painted black. Suggest why the motors are painted black.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q8.

Some students repeat Herschel's experiment. (a) They place four identical thermometers, P, Q, R and S, in the shade. The table shows some of the readings on the thermometers in the shade. Complete the table to show the reading on thermometer Q.

(1)

thermometers in the shade P Q R S

temperature / °C 18 18 18 (b) Then the four thermometers are placed in the spectrum of sunlight as shown.

(i) The bulbs of the thermometers are painted black.

State why the bulbs of the thermometers are painted black. (1)

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(ii) The table shows the readings on the thermometers in the spectrum of sunlight.

thermometers in the spectrum of sunlight P Q R S

temperature / °C 25 23 21 20

Describe conclusions that can be made from the students' results. (2)

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(iii) State why the students put the four thermometers together in the shade before placing them in the spectrum of sunlight.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. (c) Another scientist, Ritter, discovered ultraviolet radiation. (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation may cause (1)

A deafness

B heating of internal body cells

C damage to the eyes

D damage to the bone cells

(ii) Three signals, ultraviolet, visible light and infrared, are sent from the surface of the Moon to an orbiting spacecraft.

The three signals are sent at the same time.

Which of these is correct for the signals arriving at the spacecraft?

Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1)

A the visible light signal arrives first

B the ultraviolet signal arrives first

C the infrared signal arrives first

D all three signals arrive at the same time

(iii) Describe one use of ultraviolet radiation. (2)

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(Total for Question is 9 marks)

Q9.

Some students repeat Herschel's experiment. They place four identical thermometers, P, Q, R and S, in the shade. The table shows some of the readings on the thermometers in the shade. Complete the table to show the reading on thermometer Q.

(1)

thermometers in the shade P Q R S

temperature / °C 18 18 18

Q10.

All objects emit electromagnetic radiation.

The intensity and wavelength of the emitted radiation vary with the temperature of the object.

Figure 8 shows this variation for an object at two different temperatures.

The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum is also shown.

Figure 8

In which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is the peak of the low temperature curve?

(1)

A gamma

B infrared

C radio

D ultra violet

(Total for question = 1 mark) Q11. What do all waves in the electromagnetic spectrum have in common?

(1)

A the same frequency in a vacuum

B the same speed in a vacuum

C the same colour in a vacuum

D the same amplitude in a vacuum

(Total for question = 1 mark) Q12. Figure 9 shows an image taken at night using a camera that is sensitive to infrared radiation.

Figure 9

Radiation with shorter wavelengths shows as brighter areas in this image.

Explain why the people can be seen against the background in this image. (2)

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Q13.

(a) Some students investigate a converging lens. The students set up the apparatus as shown.


(i) The distance X is (1)

A the focal length

B the object distance

C the eyepiece distance

D the magnification


The size of the image is ......................the distant object. The type of image formed on the screen is a ......................image.

(b) The diagram shows a ray of light as it arrives at a lens.

Draw the path of the ray inside the lens. (1)

(c) The students use a telescope to view the Moon. Light from the Moon takes 1.3 s to reach the students.

The speed of light is 300 000 km/s.

Calculate the distance to the Moon. (2)

distance = speed × time

.............................................................................................................................................. (d) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

A satellite orbits the Moon.

Radio waves from this satellite transfer (1)

A matter only

B energy and matter

C information and matter

D energy and information


Q14. Diagram 1 shows an eye.

(a) (i) Use words from the labels on diagram 1 to complete the sentence. The parts of the eye which focus light are the

(2) ......................................................... and the ........................................................

(ii) Lenses of different powers are shown in diagram 2.

Explain which lens has the greater power.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The unit for the power of a lens is the

(1) A decibel B dioptre C metre D watt

(b) The ray diagram shows the image of an object formed by a converging lens when it is used as a magnifying glass.

(i) The object has a height of 4 cm. Estimate the height of the image.

(2)

height of image = ........................................................... cm (ii) Which of these describes the image formed by this converging lens when it is used as a magnifying glass?


A inverted, real B right way up, real C inverted, virtual D right way up, virtual

(c) Explain why a converging lens is used for the treatment of long sight. You may draw a diagram to help with your answer.

(2)

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(Total for Question = 10 marks) Q15.

(a) The diagrams show rays of light passing through two lenses labelled M and N.

(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The light changes direction as it leaves the lenses. This is called

(1)

A contraction

B diffraction

C reflection

D refraction

(ii) The focal length of lens M is 2 m.

Calculate the power of lens M. (2)

power = ................. .D

(b) The diagram shows an eye of a short sighted person. A diverging lens is used to correct short sight.

(i) The eye will form an image of a distant object.

Which letter shows where the image will form for the short sighted eye? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

A

B

C

D

(ii) Draw on the diagram a diverging lens in a position which would correct the short sightedness. (1)

(iii) Describe how the diverging lens corrects this defect of vision.. (2)

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(iv) Suggest one way of correcting short sight other than wearing glasses. (1)

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Q16. A student looks through a blue filter at a green leaf on a white background.

Describe the colours that the student sees. (2)

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Q17. A student investigates the way light passes through glass. The diagram shows the path of a ray of light through the glass.

(a) State the scientific name for the dotted line in the diagram. (1)

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(b) The student measures several values of angle i and angle r. She plots some of her results on the graph. The table shows results that she has not plotted.

(i) Plot these results on the graph.

(2)

(ii) Continue the line on the graph through the results you have plotted.

(1)

(iii) Write down the value of angle i when angle r = 90°. (1)

angle i = ........................................................... °

(c) (i) Complete the diagram to show what happens to the ray of light when angle i is 48°. (2)

(ii) State why the ray of light does not change direction when it enters the glass at A.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

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The diagram shows a ray of light as it arrives at a lens.

Draw the path of the ray inside the lens. (1)

Q19. A student investigates how light behaves as it leaves a clear plastic block.

Figure 4 shows some of her equipment and the path of a ray of light through the block.

Figure 4

She varies the angle of incidence inside the block and records the angle of refraction.

Figure 5 shows her results.

Figure 5

(i) Plot the points on the grid below.

(2) (ii) Draw the best fit smooth curve through the points.

(1)

(iii) Estimate the angle of incidence which gives an angle of refraction of 90°.

(2)

angle of incidence = ...........................................................


Q20. (a) The diagrams show the radiations to which the human eye and the bee eye are sensitive.

Describe differences in the sensitivity to radiation of a human eye and a bee eye.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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(b) A scientist wrote this sentence:

Ultraviolet radiation is harmful to humans but useful to honey bees. Suggest what the scientist means by this sentence. You may wish to look at the graphs above.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q21.

(a) Galileo was one of the first scientists to use a telescope to study Venus. (i) Which of these diagrams best shows how light waves enable us to see Venus?



asteroids comets geocentric heliocentric moons particle stars

Galileo also used his telescope to observe the ..................... of Jupiter. His observations provided evidence to support the ..................... model of the Solar System. (iii) Describe how a reflecting telescope is different from the simple telescope which Galileo used.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. (b) (i) The diagram represents a wave.

State the amplitude and wavelength of the wave. (2)

.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (ii) 20 waves are sent out in 4 seconds.


The frequency of the wave is (1)

A 0.2 Hz

B 5 Hz

C 20 Hz

D 80 Hz


Q22.

Here are four uses of radioactivity. Draw a line from each one of them to the type of radiation it uses.

Each type of radiation may be chosen once, more than once or not at all. (4)

Q23. Bees have several colours.

Which of these colours appears in a pure spectrum of visible light?


A black

B brown

C white

D yellow

Q24.

Some students repeat Herschel's experiment. Another scientist, Ritter, discovered ultraviolet radiation. (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation may cause (1)

A deafness

B heating of internal body cells

C damage to the eyes

D damage to the bone cells

(ii) Three signals, ultraviolet, visible light and infrared, are sent from the surface of the Moon to an orbiting spacecraft.

The three signals are sent at the same time.

Which of these is correct for the signals arriving at the spacecraft?


A the visible light signal arrives first

B the ultraviolet signal arrives first

C the infrared signal arrives first

D all three signals arrive at the same time

(iii) Describe one use of ultraviolet radiation. (2)

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Q25. A student investigates how light is reflected from a plane mirror.

Figure 10 shows part of the student's investigation.

Figure 10

(i) Complete the diagram to show

• the normal • the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of reflection (r).

(2) (ii) Figure 11 shows a ray of light travelling through a 45° glass prism.

Figure 11

State what can be deduced from this diagram about the value of the critical angle for glass. (1)

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Q26.

When light strikes a glass surface it can be both refracted and reflected. The diagram shows the possible paths for a ray of light which strikes a surface at the point O.

(i) Which of the lines show the possible path of a ray of light passing from air into glass? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1) A POS

B POR

C ROP

D ROS (ii) The diagram shows a water wave going from deep water into an area of much shallower water. The wave is refracted at the boundary between deep water and shallow water.

Which row of the table is correct for what happens when the wave is refracted? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

Q27.

A lens can be used to produce a clear image of a distant object on a screen.

(a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The image produced is real because it is (1)

A in focus

B magnified

C on a screen

D smaller

(ii) Describe how to measure the focal length of the lens. (2)

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Q28.

(i) The chart shows the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Some parts of the spectrum have been labelled.

radio P Q visible light R S gamma

rays

State the name of part Q. (1)

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(ii) Three telescopes using different parts of the spectrum have been added to the chart.

radio P Q visible light R S gamma

rays

Jodrell Bank Hubble Compton

Jodrell Bank is located near Manchester, whereas Hubble and Compton are in space.

Explain why some telescopes are located outside the Earth's atmosphere. (2)

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Q29. (i) Which type of surface will produce a specular reflection?

(1)

A calm water

B clothing

C paper

D road surface

(ii) A surface appears bright white when white light is shone onto it.

(1) This is because it

A absorbs all the white light

B absorbs only red and blue light

C absorbs only green and blue light

D absorbs none of the white light

(Total for question = 2 marks) Q30. (a) This picture shows Galileo holding a telescope.

A student starts to make a similar telescope.

She places the objective lens near a screen to form a sharp image of a distant object.

(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentence.

(2)

The sharp image formed is

........................................................... and ........................................................... (ii) State how you can tell that the image formed is real.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. (iii) She then removes the screen and replaces it with an eyepiece lens. She moves the eyepiece lens until she can see a sharp, magnified image through it. The diagram shows the position of the lenses.

The lenses are now separated by 110 cm. Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The focal length of the eyepiece is about

(1) A 10 cm B 55 cm C 90 cm D 100 cm

(iv) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. At the eyepiece of this telescope there is

(1) A refraction by a converging lens B refraction by a converging mirror C reflection by a converging lens D reflection by a converging mirror

(b) State how the invention of the telescope improved the way scientists observed the Universe. (1)

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(c) The invention of the telescope helped to change ideas about the Solar System. The heliocentric model replaced the geocentric model. Describe the difference between the geocentric model and the heliocentric model.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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When light strikes a glass surface it can be both refracted and reflected. (a) The diagram shows the possible paths for a ray of light which strikes a surface at the point O.

(i) Which of the lines show the possible path of a ray of light passing from air into glass? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1) A POS

B POR

C ROP

D ROS (ii) The diagram shows a water wave going from deep water into an area of much shallower water. The wave is refracted at the boundary between deep water and shallow water.

Which row of the table is correct for what happens when the wave is refracted? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1)

(b) In 1610 Galileo used a refracting telescope to observe the planet Jupiter.. (i) Explain how a refracting telescope produces a magnified image of Jupiter.

(3) .............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) In 1610, the geocentric model of the Solar System was commonly accepted. Explain how Galileo's observations contradicted the geocentric model.

(3) .............................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. (c) Light travels the 150 million km from the Sun to the Earth in about 500 s. It takes about 2100 s for light to reach the Earth from Jupiter. Using this information, calculate the approximate distance of Jupiter from the Earth.

(2)

distance of Jupiter from the Earth =.....................million km


Q32.

The diagrams show rays of light passing through two lenses labelled M and N.

(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The light changes direction as it leaves the lenses.

This is called (1)

A contraction

B diffraction

C reflection

D refraction

(ii) The focal length of lens M is 2 m.

Calculate the power of lens M. (2)

power = ................. .D

Q33.

(a) Here are four uses of radioactivity. Draw a line from each one of them to the type of radiation it uses.

Each type of radiation may be chosen once, more than once or not at all. (4)

(b) Which graph best shows how the activity of a radioactive isotope changes with time?


(c) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The unit of activity of a radioactive isotope is the (1)

A americium

B becquerel

C einstein

D radium

(d) Describe two precautions that scientists now take when they use radioactive materials.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q34.

Galileo was one of the first scientists to use a telescope to study Venus. (i) Which of these diagrams best shows how light waves enable us to see Venus?



asteroids comets geocentric heliocentric moons particle stars

Galileo also used his telescope to observe the ..................... of Jupiter. His observations provided evidence to support the ..................... model of the Solar System. (iii) Describe how a reflecting telescope is different from the simple telescope which Galileo used.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q35. (a) An endoscope uses glass fibres to enable doctors to 'see' inside a person.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Rays of light travel along the glass fibres by

(1) A total internal correction B total internal diffraction C total internal reflection D total internal refraction

(b) The diagram shows a ray box shining a ray of light at a semicircular glass block.

Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray of light inside the glass block. (2)

(c) A student shines a ray of light into the block as shown.

He measures the angle of incidence inside the block as shown. He measures the angle of refraction outside the block as shown. He repeats these measurements for different angles of incidence. He records his results in this table and plots a graph.

(i) Two points are highlighted in the table.

Plot these points on the graph. (2)

(ii) Draw the curve of best fit. (1)

*(iii) The student continues to increase the angle of incidence until it reaches 80°. The critical angle for this glass is 42°. Explain what happens to the ray of light as the angle of incidence is increased from 10° to 80°.

(6) .............................................................................................................................................

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Q36.

Diagram 1 shows a glass prism which can be used to turn an image the right way up.

(i) In diagram 1, total internal reflection occurs at Q. Explain why total internal reflection occurs at Q.

(2) .............................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................. (ii) The way in which the light changes direction at P is shown in diagram 2. Mark on the diagram (i) for the angle of incidence and (r) for the angle of refraction for the ray of light shown.

(2)

(iii) Which of these is correct for the light as it enters the prism at P? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

(1) A frequency decreases

B frequency increases

C speed decreases

D speed increases

Q37.

Some students repeat Herschel's experiment. Then the four thermometers are placed in the spectrum of sunlight as shown.

(i) The bulbs of the thermometers are painted black.

State why the bulbs of the thermometers are painted black. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) The table shows the readings on the thermometers in the spectrum of sunlight.

thermometers in the spectrum of sunlight P Q R S

temperature / °C 25 23 21 20

Describe conclusions that can be made from the students' results. (2)

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(iii) State why the students put the four thermometers together in the shade before placing them in the spectrum of sunlight.

(1) .............................................................................................................................................

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Mark Scheme Q1.

Answer Acceptable answers

Mark

(i) A the focal length (1) (1) (ii) smaller than (1)

real (1) (2)

Q2.


Mark

(a)(i) C on a screen (1) (a)(ii)

Explanation linking the following:- (measure) distance / length / from / line (1) lens to image / screen / focal point (1)

how far away use ruler / tape measure measure u(object distance) and v(image distance) calculate focal length using 1/u + 1/v = 1/f (measure) from lens to image (2)

(2)

(b)(i) A description including the following: • magnifies • the image • refracts the light

brings nearer / zooms in / looks closer / makes bigger / enlarges intermediate / real image

(2)

(b)(ii) B energy (1) (c)(i) Substitution

v = 1920/6.0 (1) Evaluation (1) 320 (m/s)

300 (m/s) give full marks for correct answer, no working (2) Power of 10 error max. 1 mark.

(2)

(c)(ii) Suggestions including the following: • recognition of any difference in speed / velocity (1) • correct difference in speed (1)

e.g. sound travels faster / quicker than light (1) c>v / v<c / c>320 (m/s) Light travels (much) faster (2) RA Ignore 'sound takes longer' or other references to time.

(2)

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.


Mark

Any one from black (good) emitter (1)

is a good thermal radiator (1) (helps to) prevent motors overheating (1)

(helps to) remove wasted energy/ heat (from the motor)

Q8.


Mark

(a) 18 (°C) (1) Ignore any unit given by candidate.

(1)

(b)(i) (black is the) best absorber (of radiation/heat)(compared to other colours) (1)

(Black/it) absorbs more (Black/it) is a good absorber (of radiation/heat) (black is) good at taking in (radiation/heat) Ignore (black is a) good emitter Ignore light. Reject black attracts heat/radiation

(1)

(b)(ii) • Heating effect/temperature greatest at/beyond red (1) • (There is) radiation beyond red (end of spectrum)(1)

(idea of) different colours have different heating effects (Radiation from) sunlight causes a heating effect accept reverse argument Infrared/IR (beyond red end of spectrum) (2)

(b)(iii) Any one from • To check the thermometers produce the same readings/ temperature (under the same conditions) (1) • To show that temperature changes.

(To check) they were all at the same temperature (before starting the experiment.) To be able to make a comparison (between shade and light) (To allow them to carry out a) fair test

(1)

(c)(i) C damage to the eyes (1)

(3)

(c)(ii) D all three signals arrive at the same time (1)

(1) (c)iii Description linking

one of the following pairs: • security marking (1) • ink absorbs UV

invisible ink/smart water glows under UV (outside of) lamp glows when hit by UV forgeries/fake (2)

and re-radiates (visible) light (1) • fluorescent lamps (1) • coating absorbs UV and reradiates (visible) light (1) • genuine bank notes (1) • watermark absorbs UV and reradiates (visible) light (1) • disinfecting water (1) • UV kills bacteria (1) • sun beds (1) • UV absorbed by (melanin in) skin (1) Any suitable use gains 1 mark Any suitable use + detail gains 2 marks

bank notes/passports/fingerprints/ body fluids etc markings glow under UV tanning beds tans the skin /the body e.g. disco lighting (1) makes clothing glow (1)

(Total for question = 9 marks) Q9.


Mark

18 (°C) (1) Ignore any unit given by candidate.

(1)

Q10.

Q11.

Q12.

Q13.


Mark

(a)(i) A the focal length (1) (1) (a)(ii) smaller than (1)

real (1) (2)

(b) • Any (more or less) straight ray which changes direction inside the lens (1)

Ray does not need to touch far side. Allow slight discontinuities Ignore any ray drawn beyond the 2nd surface and any reflected ray(s). Ignore any extra incident rays.

(1)

(c) substitution into given equation (1) 1.3 × 300 000 evaluation (1) 390 000 (km)

Power of 10 error max 1 mark 3.9 × 105 (km) 2 marks for correct numerical answer with no working shown Ignore any unit given by candidate.

(2)

(d) D energy and information (1)

(1)

Total for Question = 7 marks Q14.

Q15.


Mark

(a)(i) D refraction (1) (a)(ii) substitution: (1)

power = 1/ 2 evaluation: (1) 0.5 (D)

Award 2 marks for correct answer no working

(2) (b)(i) B (1) (b)(ii)

in front of eye (1)

any other diverging lens (lens which is narrower at the centre than at the ends) Reject lens inside the eye (1)

(b)(iii) a description including any two from: • to spread out the light/ rays (1) • to produce focused image (1) • (focused image) on the retina (1)

make image distance longer sharp/clear image back of eye

(2) (b)(iv) contact lenses (1) laser surgery/ eye

lens replacement (1)

Q16.

Q17.

Q18.


Mark

• Any (more or less) straight ray which changes direction inside the lens (1)

Ray does not need to touch far side. Allow slight discontinuities Ignore any ray drawn beyond the 2nd surface and any reflected ray(s). Ignore any extra incident rays.

(1)

Q19.

Q20.

Q21.


Mark

(a)(i) D (1) (a)(ii) moons (1)

heliocentric (1) must be in correct order (2)

(a)(iii) A description including two of the following points Reflecting telescope has mirror(s) (1) Galilean telescope has only lenses (1) Reflecting telescope can gather more light / can have a larger objective (1) Image viewed from the side of reflecting telescope (1) Image viewed from end of Galilean telescope. (1)

refracting telescope reverse argument

(2)

(b)(i) 5 (cm) (1) 8 (cm) (1)

+5 -5 0.08 m 80 mm

(2)

(b)(ii) B (1) Q22.


Mark

one mark for each correct line

(4) Q23.

Q24.


Mark

(i) C damage to the eyes (1)

(3)

(ii) D all three signals arrive at the same time (1)

(1) iii Description linking

one of the following pairs: • security marking (1) • ink absorbs UV and re-radiates (visible) light (1) • fluorescent lamps (1) • coating absorbs UV and reradiates (visible) light (1) • genuine bank notes (1) • watermark absorbs UV and reradiates (visible) light (1) • disinfecting

invisible ink/smart water glows under UV (outside of) lamp glows when hit by UV forgeries/fake bank notes/passports/fingerprints/ body fluids etc markings glow under UV tanning beds tans the skin /the body e.g. disco lighting (1) makes clothing glow (1)

(2)

water (1) • UV kills bacteria (1) • sun beds (1) • UV absorbed by (melanin in) skin (1) Any suitable use gains 1 mark Any suitable use + detail gains 2 marks

Q25.

Q26.


Mark

(i) D ROS (1) (ii) C changes

changes

(1) Q27.


Mark

(i) C on a screen (1) (ii)

Explanation linking the following:- (measure) distance / length / from / line (1) lens to image / screen / focal point (1)

how far away use ruler / tape measure measure u(object distance) and v(image distance) calculate focal length using 1/u + 1/v = 1/f (measure) from lens to image (2)

(2)

Q28.


Mark

i infrared (radiation)/(rays) (1)

(1)

ii An explanation linking any two from • above the clouds / no clouds/ no weather (1) • image is clearer/more detailed/ not distorted/not blurred (1) • no light pollution (1) • (some) telescopes use gamma/ X-rays/ultraviolet /infrared/microwaves (1) • no absorption (by atmosphere) of gamma/ Xrays/ ultraviolet /infrared/ microwaves (1)

Credit to be given for stating that all telescopes would be better in space, but size and weight may exclude e.g. Jodrell Bank from space. no air/dust/pollution wider field of view/ can use anytime IGNORE 'see further' IGNORE 'it is closer (to the stars/planets)' IGNORE: references to improving understanding / knowledge of space

(2)

Q29.

Q30.

Q31.


Mark

(a)(i) D ROS (1) (a)(ii) C changes

changes

(1) (b)(i) An explanation

linking three of the following: • the (objective) lens (1) • collects light (from Jupiter) (1) • focuses/converges/refracts the light (1) • (objective) produces a real image (1) • (at the) focal point (1) • (Image is viewed by the) eyepiece lens (1) • (Eyepiece) produces a virtual image (1)

Marks can be awarded for a labelled diagram

(3) (b)(ii) An explanation

linking the following: (the geocentric model) • has the Earth at the centre of the

Accept alternative argument:Galileo observed moons/stars/objects Orbiting/going round Jupiter (this) (3)

Universe/solar system / everything orbits the Earth (1)(but Galileo observed) • moons of Jupiter (1) • (so) not all things orbit the Earth/ geocentric model is wrong (1)

suggested that not everything orbits the Earth

(c) 2100/500 = 4.2 (1) 4.2 × 150 = 630 ( million km) (1) Accept ratios as speed is constant 150/500 = distance to Jupiter/2100 OR Distance to Jupiter = (150/500) × 2100 Either for 1 mark

Power of 10 error maximum of 1 mark (speed of light) about 150 000 000 ÷ 500 = 300 000 (km/s) (1) (distance to Jupiter)= 300 000 × 2 100 = 630 000 000 km (1) / = 630 (million km) An answer with no calculation of 630 (million km) gains 2 marks If an answer of 630 million/ 630 000 000 is given with correct working award both marks (2)

Q32.


Mark

(i) D refraction (1) (ii) substitution: (1)

power = 1/ 2 evaluation: (1) 0.5 (D)

Award 2 marks for correct answer no working

(2) Q33.


Mark

(a)

one mark for each correct line

(4) (b) D (1) (c) B becquerel (1)

(d) A description

including any two from: • secure storage (1): • avoid direct contact (1) • wear protective clothing (1) • minimise exposure (1) • shielding (1) • minimise dose (1) • monitor exposure (1) • protect other people (1)

either the purpose, such as to prevent radiation getting out or a description such as lead-lined box/locked away when not in use. do not touch / use tongs /wash after handling lead lined suits/aprons/masks/gloves ignore goggles long distance away / not pointing towards body/ keep sources shielded /stand behind shields short time wear film badge/use Geiger counter (to monitor radiation levels) warning signs / barriers / restricted areas /controlled areas (2)

Q34.


Mark

(i) D (1) (ii) moons (1)

heliocentric (1) must be in correct order (2)

(iii) A description including two of the following points Reflecting telescope has mirror(s) (1) Galilean telescope has only lenses (1) Reflecting telescope can gather more light / can have a larger objective (1) Image viewed from the side of reflecting telescope (1) Image viewed from end of Galilean telescope. (1)

refracting telescope reverse argument

(2)

Q35.

Q36.


Mark

(i) An explanation linking: Angle (of incidence) in glass (1) greater than critical angle / 42° (1)

Angle in air cannot be greater than 90° for 1 mark Glass has a higher refractive index than air for 1 mark (2)

(ii)

angle i from normal in air (1) angle r from normal in glass (1)

accept for 1 mark angle i in air and angle r in glass/ both angles measured from normal

(2) (iii) C speed

decreases

(1) Q37.


Mark

(i) (black is the) best absorber (of radiation/heat)(compared to other colours) (1)

(Black/it) absorbs more (Black/it) is a good absorber (of radiation/heat) (black is) good at taking in (radiation/heat) Ignore (black is a) good emitter Ignore light. Reject black attracts heat/radiation

(1)

(ii) • Heating effect/temperature greatest at/beyond red (1) • (There is) radiation beyond red (end of spectrum)(1)

(idea of) different colours have different heating effects (Radiation from) sunlight causes a heating effect accept reverse argument Infrared/IR (beyond red end of spectrum) (2)

(iii) Any one from • To check the thermometers produce the same readings/ temperature (under the same conditions) (1) • To show that temperature changes.

(To check) they were all at the same temperature (before starting the experiment.) To be able to make a comparison (between shade and light) (To allow them to carry out a) fair test

(1)

Documents

P1- Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum - Qs and MS · 2019-05-10 · P1- Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Q1. Some students investigate a converging lens. The students set