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OTnron~aJIJ.i ero pas11I:ilMH no6opalrn, a BJia,11,11llnrp'L paaJJ.ana.111> cnoH co­xponHma 06·hH11rn pyKa~n1. I\.poMt yco61m,'h 1<Hm1tec1rnx'I,, HapOi'J.'L 111'.Horo CTpa.,II.aJl'J, cru.e on 6e3npecTaHHLIX'h nana;n;enili noJionn.en'l>; Bm.1.)J.II.MHJl'.b :;i.:e C'Jl pa1111eii 1110JJOJJ.OCTl1 CTOlfJI'L Ha CTpam·h pO)l.HOfi se:mrn, DOCT0'1llil0

<hrncn :Ja 11ee C'L norrurLIMH H npio6pt.11'1> mm ,,)J.o6paro CTJ>a)l.3.JJ1>a;a aa Pyccxyro :ie::1JJI10".

0 cnocn ,11.tn•reJI1>nocTH BJJaAHMMP'.h MoHoMax'h ca.M'h paacKaa:LI­

na.eT1. D'b CBOC::ll'I> noy11enin )I,'.l>T.lJM'I>. lfa'I> aToro IlO)'tJenisr BH.B;HO, 11TO

011'1> OOJil>IIIJIO llaCTL 41iH:llllf nponeJl'.h BHt }l;Ollla H OJIHBX.'1> TOJll>XO 6oJIL­

llJHX'L UOXO)t.OD'b CORCpll!ll.l 'C. BOCCMLiJ,CCJJTJ. Tpllj 60JILwy10 &JaCTL RO'Ie~

,1 - 13 -

· cnaJT'T, Ha c:blpoii: ae~LJI·J.;; AOMa K D'» ,ll,Oport Bee JI;'liJiaJI'I> caM'I>; ,If,()

cn·J;Ta ITOJI.LIMaJICSI C'L TIOCT0JIH, XOJI.HJI'L R'L o6·h)l;H'B, IIOTOJl['b JI;YMaJI'b C'b

JJ.PYJKHHOIO, cy,11;m1'L JIIOJI.eti u 'B3JI.H.1l'L Ha oxoTy. HapOJI.'L nno.rrH·h on;·Ji­HHJI'b aacJiyrH µ;o6JieCTHaro RHH3H H IlHTaJI'L IC'L He11ry ca~rym CiiJil>HYIO npl'IBH3aHHOCTI>, a BH3aHTiHCKiH mmepa'l'Op'.& n:pHCJiaJI'I> eMy j1,paro­n;·Ima1.rfr nirne~ H 6apM:bI, npmra,n;.rremanmisr ero .irh~y J{oHc-ranTHHf MoHOMaxy. 3TH n;apcn:ie ana1ur µ;o cnx'D rrop'L xpanHTcn B'L Opyamiluoii naJiaTt D'L Mocrmt. -

VI. AH.u;pe:K BorOJIIOOCKiH.

Cya.a.anbCHaR aeMnR. Dc&opi> rrocJrh CJl[epnr flJlalf,mmpa. iVIono~rnxa. xmrnrecKiH yco6m:i;lll: H rroJiosen.rde Ha6·J;m oun·rn noao6nonHmrnr,. Il'L BTO npe?tfH CTaJJa fl03BhIIJlaTJ>CH c y 3 )J. a JI h c IC all 3 e ~[JI H, pacnO.iIO­

meHH3JI no nepxr-ie~lY Tetteairo no,11·11. ::ho Oh!Jla CTp:ma <H;JI,nan, xo­JIO)l;HaJI, IIOKpnITan ,rr.peMyqHMJI Jl'BCamr II GO.IIOTamL ,l.I.pc111d;ii1111D111 Cf[ o6HTaTeJIJU111 6wm <fl H lI H hl, HO BeCb)[a pano_ TIOH Brl.11 IICh 311,'HCb u p y cc Kie. Oco6emro riruoro HX'f> rrepeceJIMJlOCL II3'J, 10;1moi1 Pyc11, HaH6oJd;e cTpaJI.aBrnefc 1mwL on cnoHX'L n:mrneii:, 6eanpcc11amrn Boe­nanurnx'L aa 6oraTr.rii l\.ien'L, Tarc'b· H on }I.HKUX'b no.rrom~eB'b. Jv!Hpo­JII06Hehle <i>HHHIJ: 6e3'f> 6opn6LJ. ycTyHaJlH M'BCTa pyCCKif.'\l'b. IlOCJI'li.n;Hie pacqm:a;an:H H3'b-ITO)l.1> Jl'BCa rralllmI, CTpOHJJH rm 6o;r·he y.n;o6HbIX'l> ~rl>­

CTaX'b 1rn6yonm u :mr puo rpy.n;u.'Inc1, ue orracaHCb mrnacmx·r, opa,L'oir1, i.:o·ropLie ,rr;oJit'O 11c :m1·Jur,;i;1irnaJIH B"» J1•01•·1 cypom.rit 1qntil.

AH.ttpeA· 6oronl86cHiii. Ho:rnh1me11i10 CyJ,i1,aJ11>cKoii ~1e:\urn 6oJI·J;e ncero cnoco6crllonaJI'L Au if. p e it B o r o JI ro 6 c Ki ii, nuyR'b B.llajl,mrnpa Mo­HOMaxa. An,rr,peii c11a1ia.i1a. ;KHJI'b B"L Bwuropoii.t, OJTH3'L F\iena., HO crwpo ymeJI'b OTTYJI;a n1, CyaJI.a,1br.1di1 ~pafi, mliuo nairn·1 c'J, coilo10 1mouy Boropo,11;m:i;b1, Hamrna.1rnpo, no npc;~anim, euaHL'e.ilucro~r'h .Iyrwro. lly­TemecTnie sTo:ii HKOJ-I.M conposo;1~,n;a.1ocn pa;rn1.rnn llp,eca:mr. -PaacKa­llMBa.mn; "C{TO OHa TllOpHJia HCU,'BJieHiff J~KC Ha IIY'rH, a B1> 10 BCpCTaX'b

OT'b ropo)I.a Il.1Ia,n;1nrnpa coneplllH.lIOCb HOBOe q)r)J;o: KOflll HOiJ,'L llKOHOIO

B,il,pyr'b CTaJIHi 3arrpRTJIH µ;pyrHX'I> noc1rJJ1,1rl>e, H T'B ne :'irormr. c:i,nmryT.& . B03a C'.b ?tl'hcm. PacmmyJIH IJiaTep'L H OCTaIIOBfr.1llfCb Ha H01!JICI''I>. fl() YTPY KHH3b 061,mnm'.D, 11To aBJisr.nac1> · eniy no m-rl> Bollcirr l\1-a:rnpr, H Be­Jrl>mL · ne neaTH mconM n'I> ropo,!!,1> PocTOD'b, a Hoc·m11HTr.. no BJH.,uomp·l>; na To111'f> JKe ~1tc·rh, r,JJ;t rrpoH30IIIJIO BH,1J;'Jmie, / coopy)l,wr& mt:ue1myro IJ,cprwnr. Po)K,!l,CCTna BoropOJI;IHJ,b! H oc1101:1a,T.b ;11rorrac·nrpr.. T\mr:i& ne­Me,!l,JieHHO aaJioarnJI'L Tam> ceJio Boro.lllo6oso .EI nocTporr.n'I> 1~ep1wBr.. '8'.::'o cr..110 c;n;·Jrna..irocr, Jno6irn'I;Illt'.b M1>cTonpe6unaniem> ·1\11,1rp\' sr: oT•rero OH'b H noJiy'ci11n1>' rrpoinaHie · .B o 1.' o .11. fo ·6 c'K a r'o. .:, .. , t>'.; '·! .; ···· . ., ... ·

- 14 -

C,1J.·.k;ranumc1> Cy3)I.UJlf>CKJOt'b 1rnS13eM1,, Ai-r.11:pett noceirn:JICJI B'.f> ro­JJO)I.'J; RJrap;1onrpt. OJ-l'J, JIOCTpOUJl'b Tallf'I, ncmnw;drnnyro 11,ep!WB.f. no mm Y cnoHin BoropOiJ.HIJ,bl u nocTamrn'h n'L neii 11pnneae1-mym II3'b

BDJmropo)l;a HKOHr, KOTOparr C'b T'l>X'I> IIOp'b CTa.Jia Ha3LIBaTJ>CJI BJia)f.H~ 1rnpc1rn1l 1). lh µ;irna IOJ&noii PrcH An)I.peii wa11aJ1a 1w mcfamrna-JicH, li Rie1n. rrepeXO)I.lfJl'b OT'b O)J;HOrO ICI-Ul3Il K'b .Qpyro:uy, IIO llOTOl\1'.b om, npeJI.'hHBHJl'L na ucro cnou npaua, KaI~'b CTapmiii B'I> po;rh. Ih 1169 r. llHOr01IHCJieHiroe cy3,u;a.1rr,c1we onoJilmnie n:nn.110cr, IIO,lf,'b cT·Imamr Riena, .B3n.110 ero rrpncTy110M'.f> JI pa3rpa6uJio, 1rero H1mor,u;a erne ne 6LIJ10 C'h ,,11a·rep.blo ropO,il.OB'b pyccrmx'h "' . Iloc;d; 9Toro An)I.peH: noca,il.HJ1'b B'b

Rien·h cnoero M.1a)J;maro 6paTa, a caiwL, npuunn'h THTf Jl'I> nemmaL'O K1rn3sr, oc·ra.rnn no B.lla;J,nmrp·J;. C'I> s·roro npe~rnm1 BJi a )J.1urnp'I> c JI. ·I> .'! a J[ c n 11 c p n 0 rr p c c T 0 JI 1> JI Ll M 'I> r 0 p 0 )I. 0 M 'I> p y c r, K 0 it .3 c ~[ .'! I[

An,ri:pctt 6mn aa60;1wu'L u 15JlarotieCTHil'l>, nceuapo,n;Ho paz)J.aBaJI'b l\HIJ10CT"111IO, uo 1mTa.ro ~1orraxo1n., 3a 111'0 rro.11r,3013a;rca JIIOOOBl>IO JJ.y­xo11c11r.:rna I! HapO)l;a. J le JllOOJLlII cro TQjJJ)ICO 60JJpe, y IWTOpLIX'L OH'b Hmwr1~a nc tupanrnna.rr, con·J;Ta, ,u;ep;r;,a.11'1> HX'h D'L cTporO.M'b nomrno­neuin ce6Ji, a :m npo11:muoc·m nam1a&rnaJI'b. O.rr.rra.iK;J;LI nemrn:il! KHH:n. Ra3IIUJI'I> 3a I\aK)'IO-TO mmy pO)l,Cl'BCHllifKa cnoe.t'r JKeALI. 'f or;r.a 6paTr. :Ka311erma1•0 H n·J;cKOJibIW OOllp'b COCTamrnH 3al'OH0p'I> H y6HJJH AH.n;pCH. B'L ceJrh Boromo601rl> (n'L 1174: ro.n.y).

ffo cMcpTH A11)1;peff BoeoJI106cKa1·0 nemrno1rnnjftecrdii upecTOJl'L 3amrJI'b 6pa'I"L ero B c e B o JI o A 'h ill B o JI I> mo e I' 11 ·J; 3 .n; o, npo:man­HhIJi: Ta&'b 3a cnoe MHoro1rncJCeHHOe ce:&reifc-mo. Om. TaEtirte .>rmJC'.h no Bna)l.HMHp'h H cru;e 6oJrlle ycHJIHJI'b 3HaY:cnie Cya.ilJlJibCKaro rurm1•ccroa. IlcenoJIOAY Hacn·.k)J.OBil.ll'h ChIR'b ero IOpiH: 11, npH KO'ropoMT> Hal'pH­lI)'JIH na Pyc1> HOB:bie KO'leDHHKH-T a Tap LI.

VII. Ta TapcKiH no:rpOM~.

61trea Ha p. HanKt. 'l'a·raphl, HapO)J.'h lllOHPOJlbCKaro f!JleMemr, HJ­.n;anna 1coqeoaJIH Bl> 06111Hp1UiIX'L crerrnx'I> cpc:i;u ei:i AJiH. UH~\IaJia OHH:

,l('llJIH.:mcr, Ha 11rnomecrao Me.JIBHX'h op,rr.n, HO B'h tta.•ia;rl; XIII n. HX'b o6'Le)l;HHHJI'L IIOJJ.'b CBOero BJraCTMO Tc My lf H H 'b, KOTOpllIH npon03I'Jia­CHJl'b ce6n '-IHHrHC'l>-XaHOM'b, T. e. ne.11HK1B1'& xaHOM'l>. CA·li.1rnu­IIJHCh IIOBCJIHTeJieM'b orpo11m@X'b TaTapCKl:IX'L DOJI11Hll{'b, OH'b 3ajr:yllr::tJI'b 06'be)J.HHH'fb IIO)J;'b CDOCIO BJlaCTl>IO sc·& POACTllCIIHble TaTapaM'b HapO]l,hl 11 yc11•hJl'b noKopHrh 3Ha•m:TeJibHfIO Y:aCTb Aain:, a OAHa ero oppJt 060·

1) 8ra m~ciua n1. KOHJ:ff> XIV' n·l>Ka rrripe11eceua 6hlJla B'b Mocimy

u renep1> uax.o~HTClI B'D MocKOBCKOM'b Y crreuc1~0M'b co6opt.

r11yJ1a JOjJ\JJL111 6epe1vb lfacnifiCJtal'O 1tlOpH n 11pC3'L lfanrca31, npomrnJia JJ'l1 noJJonei~ICie cTerm. Ilo;romv,1 OhlJIH pa36HThI M 11poc.11JJH UOl\r01un '/

J1ycc1mx'h. ,, Gero,11,nsr n::rnTa nama 3e~mn", ronopmrn onn: ,,a :iawrpa U03J1MY'l"I> JI Bamy, eCJHI HaM'L nc l!O.MO.iIW'rC". I\11S13bSI p·fauMJm, 'lTO

JlytJme DCTIJ'i>THTI> Bparon'L Ha qy,;1wii 3CMJI'n, H OTllpanHJIHCb Il'h CTeIIH.

Ih 1223 ro]I.y na 6eperax'L p·£K11 H'a.ium, nna,11.a1o~eii n'L Aaonc:rwe ~1ope, pycclde COIDJIHCb C'L rnanJlblM 'L ·raTapcmrn.'h DOHCI\Ol\I'h. :M )',jllP­CTBeEHIDr JIBSl3.h M CTJICJiaR'L y ,ll,UJlOJl XOTtJl'L O]J.lJH'L ]J.06J,JTb rc6'h ('JIUB)'

n, ne cirn3an'L HH CJrona ,n.pyr1nf'I, RJU"J3hJJM'L, nr.rl;xaJ!'J, m1epel1,1 .. Ilpo­naonrna .iKecT01ma cxnaTHa. IloJion1~1>1 nepmlJe 06panrn11cb m, (5'J;rcrno JI C?tlSJ.lJIJ pyc cRiit c•raJJ'L. lH.rno'l'OpLle ICIUl3bH y1;pi;mJJIHCb ua XOJUI'h

II em c •rpll ;~mr OT611naJIIlCh OT'b nparOll'h. lla.I\OllCU'h, OHM OTJl,aJIII('h

TaTap:cnr.r. 1-1a RJIJJTD)", 'J'l'O HX'h OTnycrnn, , B3JJll'h nlilKYJI'h, 1-10 Il'f;poJ10~1-

• 11110 x11m11H1rn nc·tX'J, p-ycrKHX'L H3py6mm. Iloc;d; :noii 6wrnhl •raTap1.r

IIOl'llaJIICb 3a pycc1rn.mr ll Ha fl)'TII HCTpe6mm 111HOJKeCTDO JrnpO,il;a , 110 QT'b ,;~1rlmpa n;n.pyl"L noncpuyJrn H333,ll,'L If CICpLIJIHCll B'b a3iaTCKHX'L

CTeJIJIX '.L.

Hawecrnie liaTbffl. Ilo c111ep·1·11 q 11H1' u c 'h -X a Ha Ha JI.OJI IO

1myKa ero B a 'I' 11 .H )l.OCTaJrncr, aeMJIH, :1 e~1\anmisi R'"ll drnepy H aa­

na)l;y on I{acniikxaro 11ropSJ, ROTOphln en.J,e uyJ1rno 6J:.IJIO 3anoeaaT1>.

Co6pan'.h 300 TbICSPI'L TaTap'L, BaT11H: nepemcJI'L pimy Ypa.n:'L H D'L

1237 ro.uy BCT)'IIHJI'.h B'l> npe,uirnr.:r Pn3aHCI\aro rrnmKeCTBa. B3JJB'L O,ll,UI-11>

ropO)l.'.b, OH'.L Il0'1'pe6oBaJl'I> y pn3am:1rnX'h I\HSJ3CH BO DCC111'.b )(eCUTliHbl:

Ji B'h ]{Hll31>.lJX'..b, H B'.b JIIO,ll,flX'..b, H B1l l\OlUIX'h. ,,He 6yp;e'l"I> HaC'h, Tor.n.a

B03bl\ICTC nee"' OTBil'-laJJH KH.H3L.fl H M)' ;J•eCTBC'JIBO BC'ryffHJIH B'.h 60p.b6y C'h TaTBpa11m, HO, He TIOJI)'lJHB'l> HH OTI~yiJ,a TIOMOJUll, c:rcopo 6hlJIH rro-6'BJI\)l.eHl>T. CnHptnLie TaTapIJ o6pamJIH B'h pa3naJI1nrn net p513aHCRie ropo;n.a, IlOjKrJJH llIOHaCTLlpH II IJ,epmm H ) 16HJIH lllIIQjl\eCTBO Rapo.n.a.

Ifa'I> Pn3aTICKOfi ae11mH EaTLiiI 0Tupan1rncn n'h CyaAaJII>CK)'IO. Be­JJHKiii IUU13b IO pi H n, OTKa3a1m 1ifl paH1>11rn B'h llOMOillU pn3aHIJ,3M'L, ca?J'L 6J:.IJl 'L aaxnatteH'L npacm10x'L 11 YJWJIHJ1rn ua cirnep'b co6npaTr.

nof1c1rn . .M C!){•AY T'Bi'IJ'h TaTap.bl, pa30pU"B'h ~THOll\eCTBO ropO}l.OB1, H CCJI'b,

noJtcTynHJIH l\'L IlJiaJlHMnpy H crrnpo D3mrn ero npucTynoM'L. Hm1)l{e­nrnll ccrui,n H em1CKOII'I.. saTDopn.JJucJ:. B'L IJ,epmm BoropoJ1,1u~LI Ha xo­Jlax1,, HO Tallr'l> nc·J; nor116JI H n'L m1aMeHH. lfa'h BJia)\mmpa BaThlti nomen'h Ha neJJJIKaro 1rnna.n n paaonJI'I> ero Ha 6eperax'I> p•.B1rn CH Tu (nnaiJ,aiom.cil D'h MoJiory). IOpi:ll II 6mI'I> y6uT'h, a C'I> HHlll'b uor116Jia

H 60J1l>I11an tJaCTb ero BOHCK8.

OnycTonum'h C'lrnepo-nocTotinyro Pyc1>, EaTJ:Jii ,n:nHHYJICSI 11a 101"1. ll IlO}J,CTYilHJl'L K'h J\ieny, KOTOpJ:Jit JKliDOfiHCl:IO B03BLT1JI3JJCJI Ha ;i:pyrOM'h

6epery ).I,n'h11pa H 6JiecTim'L cnomrn naJJa1·aMH H 30JIOT"1MH n1aKODKa&1Ef

-16-

11,ep1meiL ,ll,oJirO .1106onaJic.H cTernroti na.pnap·L 1q1an1 BLlM'h ropOJJ.Ol\l'b H, illC.IHlJI OBJJUJl:liTb lUI'b 6e3'L 6o~r, JlOTpcGonaJI'L OT'L RieB.TJSIH'L .n;o6po­BOJThJIOH c.ir.atrn, HO Tt y6mnr TaTapcmIX'L IIOCJIOm, JI IIpHl'OTODHJIIIC.l> K'l> oCiopou•J;. Tor)J,a EaT1lii nepenpammc.si tiepe3'1> )J,wlmp'L, H rpo111a)I.Hoe noJitmme 'l'a:rap'h, CJIOBHO rpo3HaJJ Ty11a, o6Jier.1Io ropo,rr.'h. 0T'L crcpnna. Tentn, on pena Bep6JIIO,ll.OD'L H pjitaHirr 1wne:n 1\icn.mue nc MOl'JIH )l,a.iKC pa3CJIL1waTL JJ.pyr'D ;ilpyra. Ciwpo TaTapLI · 1ia •raJm rrprrcTynaTh K'l>

ropo]l;y H )l',eHI> n HOTh 61un1 CT'tIJ11 cTfaro6nTm.IMII opy,ll.imrn. HeycTpa­lllHMlilli pyccn:i:M: Hoeno)I.a )J,MHTpiM, J-JaliaJIM'l'BOnamuHi: 'l'Ol')l;a B'I> Rien·J;, pimmnca 3am.muaTM'JI ]l;O noc.i1i>)I,ue11 rcpaiiHOCTH. IT aKOHC!l'I>, TaTapLI n3mm CT'hHI.I H on.1aA1>Jrn I\ienol\t'L. IIocJd; ::itoro BaTLiii ,n,nnny.TJcn: ,n;a;1te Ha sana)l.'I>, nee 011yc·rom~1 na cnoeM'h IT)''l'H, n TOJI.hKO nctpt­THJl'h CHJihHOe conpoTHBJieHic co C'l'OpOHhl lJemCKirX'b Hoiicrc'L. Tor,n,a Olt'.b D03Bpan£JICJ! B'b IlpHKac11iiicKill CTemt, TIOCTpOHJI'b na p·hK'h AxTy6t ropo,ir,'b C a p a ii: H c.a;1maJI'L cro cTOJIHu;ero cnoero rocy ,ir,apcTBa, noJJy-1nunrraro 11a3na.Hie 3 o JI o To li, mrn RH rr 'I a Kc Ko H. op .n; Iii.

MoHronbcKoe Hro. Iloc.iTf> rarapcm1.ro norpo;ua PyccKaa 3eM.rn upc1i.crnnJIJIJia ca111oe yJ1rnc11oe 3p'llJIHutc: ropo)l.a u ceJia HaXO)l.HJrnc:r, D'h p:l3Ra.1mtax'D, noJI.a sapoc.irn copHofi rpanoli. a. OT'h CMpa,JI,a rniI01u11x'L Tpyuon'b neJII>3n: 6:DJJIO Im npoiiTn im npo·I>xaTL oJIH3'1> ropo)l,OD'L. OcTan­mierx B'l> i!WBJ-.TX'T> I\lUl31H CT3.11H IlOHei\mory Jl03RpantaT1CH B'b CilOH 06.1acnr. Ouu eo611pa.JJH pariufollanurnxcH JIIO)l,cii, xopomrnn ~tcpTDhlX'L,. B030Ull0BJUJjlH rOpO;l.U 11 )'Cll'hJrn: B03CTaHODHTJ, H'BT\OTOphlii nopn}l;OK'1, HO CJl'JlhHO onycTOUICIIIIUJI Pych HC B'h CFrnax'L 61rna npO)l,OJDIW1To 6opr,6y C'L 'raTapa11rn; IlOW!'Q)ty RIUJ:JJ.SI nocntmHJJH Il'L Op)l.y c1, H3'bSIDJICJTlCi'ol'l> IlOKOpIIOCTH.

I I epBI>Jit rrpHOJ.JJTL I•'l> Ba'fhuo .ff p o c JI a B 'b B c en o Ji. o ,11; on u q 'I>,

upa'l"h IOpi.a Jl. rpo3m1i1 xa1n, Il33J1a1JHJl'L ero CTapI11Hlll'1 .MeiK,JI,Y ncfarn KIUJ3I>J111m n1, P}C('.KOfi. 3e)rJTI> rr ;1,a;11, eMy n p JI LI x 'l>, HJ1H rpa-a10Ty, Ha neJIJ11COKI1.n;1ieCidfi npcCTOjl'L. 3a .HpOCJJaBOM1> IIOT51H)'JIJIC1> B'b 0.PAY u JJ,pyrie J-Lll}Jar,si M Ta1.;n~e 110Jry<m.;1u 51pJJI.imr 11a paamilsr oCi.imcTH, HO 1d:;1\0TOphle H3'L 1111x'L Taiwr. uor116.111. TaK'L, 61>1:r'L yG11·rh, no 11p1ma­a:mho Eanrn, i1ep11m·oncr~rn 1rnn3h .Mnxan.n, IWTOp.Liit . 11c >:OT'h'I.

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- 17 -

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- 20 1-

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- 22 -

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- 23 -

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atecTBo nee 6oJrhc If 6o;rl>e 6oraT·Jrno H ycmrnna.i1oc1>. Oco6eHHo B03-B.LICHJIO Mocirn y rrepcueceuie c10JI,a :urrTponoJiin. Pam,me t.rllTporroJIHTLI 3tHJIH D'b Rient, HO, rroc.rr'l> oaycTOlllCHi.a ionwoii Pycrr TaTapa11rn, ne­peceJIHJIHCb Ha C'lrnep'L, no IlJia,n;H;imp1>. MwrpouoJrn:T'b en. II e T p 'D noJ1106HJrr, J oanHa ~aHiIIJIOBIPra H 11acTo npi·f>3jJtaJI'b U'b Moc1rny. Y6·Jmt}:(aJI Bemrnaro murna rrocTpOIITb B'I> 3TOM'L ropo}.l;t Ka~rellHJ'IO :a;epKonr. Ycnenin Boropo)l;III~LI, en. IleTp1> ronopH.iI'I> eMy: "ECJirr rrocJiymaeIIII>C.n 11re1rn, cmrr. ;;1rofr, ·ro u caM'b npoc.1Ianrrn1bca 60JI1>me ].l;pyr.Hx'b &HH3e:li, H ropO,iJ;1J :JTOT'I> CJTaBCH1> 6y .a;eT'h I'l JTOµ;t!HHHT'I> ce6t BC'h OCTaJibHLie ropo,ll,a ". loaHJ-I'b ITCIIO.JIHHJI'b arn.lll:l.I:IiC 11IHTpOllOJ1l:ITa M IIOCTpOHJI'.b Y crrencKili: co6op·r.. 01.:opo cn. IleTp'.b CKOH'l.aJICH H rroxopoHeH.'l> 6h1JI'l> B'l> 9TOM'I> xpai\I'Bi npeel'lmHKII 'n.e ero nancer)l;a rroce.mJIIICI> B'L Moc1rnii. 01> sToro npmue1rn: napoµ;·r, cTa.i:c'b CMOTp'BT:& Ha Mom~ny, xa&'I> rra rJian­Hhlfi ropOJI'.b Pycrr, a C'b B03DiillIIeHieM'D MocrmLI no3B1illl.IaJIHCb H l\IOCIWBCJ.dC KHH3bJI .

.llMMHTpiA /lOHCKOM. IloCJJ'B neµ;om'aro immKenia ,u,uyx'L ChlHOBeli Ioanna IiaJIHTDI, rra JYiocrrnncmill npecrOJI'I> ncTyIIHJI'.b )J;ecaTHJI'BTni.ii DHYR'l> ero ~II .JI[ HT pi it Torp;a MHOrie KHfl3ll sa,u,yriraJIK BOCIIOJlb30-BaTbCH l'tlaJlOJI'BTCTBOM'b i\[QCRODCRaro .KHH3MI H rratiaJJ.H ocnap1rnaTL rrep­BeHCTBO y lVfoCKBllI. Ho i\lOCKOBCRie 60.ape H MH'I'pOilOJillT'.b A.JI c K c"i n IIODC3JIII ,Il;1rnHTpirr D'L op.rr,y 1:I ycrri>JIH BhIXJIOilOTaT.& eMy y xana ~JibLK'b Ha BeJIHROKH.fI.)!t€CKiH rrpecTOJI'.b,

~OCTH'rilJB'b coaepmeHHOJI'llThr 1iI BCTYmIB'.b B'b yrrpamieHi.e CBOllll'b RHJLJKOCTBOJII'D, .Il:HMHTpili rrpe.m;a;e Bcero yRpiirr.HJI'l> Mocxny xa~rnmroro cTt1rn10, a naTtllI'.& nacraJI'l>, no nliipalE:erriIO J11ITormcn;a, ,,nctx'I> 1rn.n3e:ti pyccrrnx'L rrp1rno,1i;tITI> rro,n;'l> cnom nomo ". Harrpacrro noena.JIR C'L HH.M'L RIIB3I.sr rnepcxott n. p.Haancxi.ii: nca: Pyc1> ,ll,OJDirna 6h1Jla no;r.~rau11TI>CH

)I.1:111rn:rpi10, li OH'L rrpio6p·nn. y.me raxyi.o CHJiy, CJTO p·hnm:JIC.II BCTJIIHTb B'.b 6opI>6y C'I> 30JIOT010 O]J,ll,OJO, ROTOpa.H B'.b ::ITO BpeMa ntcICOJibICO oCJia6tna OT'I> nrryTpemm:x'L pas,u,opon'!>. ·

HynMKOBCHaH 6MTaa. Bl> nepB:orli pas'I> ,R11Mn.Tptii: paa6HJI'D TaTapc1toe JJOiiCKO D'L PaaaHCKOM'b ICHJIJl\.eCTBi>. Tor)l;a xaH'I> Ma Ma :Ii coopilr'I> orpoMHfil.!I rroJilJJim;a TaTap'L H nomeJI'b Ha Pyccxyro seMJIIO. )I.mmTpiii:

- 25 -

ReMe.n;JieHHO pa30CJlaJI'b rOJ:fIJ.Oil'I> no DC'BU'L o6JiaCTSIM'b, 'IT06LI IIOCKOptc .IIIJIR nolicKa D'b lVIocKn-B. II nc·h pyccKie :rmn31>n, EPO-'rh psrnaHCKaro, HBRJIHCh Ha 30D'I> neJUrnaro KHJl3H, TaR'b ~ITO COCTaDHJIOCb orpO)HIOe .DO:t:i:CKO (OIWJIO 150 TbICSPl'L). 11pe,JJ;'L DLICTynJieHie:m> D'b IIOXOJJ;'b ,Il,H4

MHTpiii oTrrpanmrc.sr D'b Tpom1;Ry10 o6rrTeJib. Cn. Ceprm, ocnonaTeJI.b 3TOit o6HTeJIH, 6J1al'OCJIODHJI'L ero, 1IpC)J,CKa3aJI'l:. eMy no6·h.n;y H OT­fiYC'l'HJI'b C'L HH.M'b )l.BYX'L IUIOKOD'b, IlepecntTa ll Ocmr6sr, ROTOpLie ,npe:at.n;e 6mrn: ' paTIILIMK .lUO)l.MlH H CJILIJIH 6oraTLip.fUlll. 11oMOJIHilillllCb aaT'BM'L ll'b Y cneHCKOM'b 11 ApxanreJihCKOM'L co6opax'b, ,TI;1111uupiii: BLI­.cTynw1'b H3'b :'..\IocKBl>I, H 8 CCll'l'Sr6pa 1380 r. pycc1de CTomni: yjl~e 3a )I,oHOM'b Ha It y JI Hr' on o -'1 'L nojrh, npe: ycTJ>'h Ilerrpn,n;nLI. C1wpo na­·lJaJIH uomJJiaTbC.fl R TaTap1,T. ,, Bon HaM'b npn6t.ilrnme .e: c1rna", noc­R.JHIKH}'JI'b ,Il,rnrnTpill: H CM'hJIO HaIIaJI.'b Ha nparOB'b.

Ilo.n;o6noii 6aTnr,1 HHKOr.n;a em,e He OhlBaJio Ha Pyce:: Ha ~i>JIDIX'b .,11.ecnTh nepCT'b nee :JaJII1TO 61>JJIO KpOBnIO; JJOUJa)l,H He 1tIOI'J11i CTynaTb no 11arpo:110Jlt)l;C.I:lHI,i:11'b ' TpynMr'l>; paTJIJU·m sa.n;hlXaJlHC.b O'l"b T'ECHOTLI. Il·hman: pyCCKaJ-[ pa.Tb yarn JI0JI\.aJ1a I<aR'.b CIWllI0IIBan TpaBa, H TaTapbI Ha11am1 O,ll;owhnaTb. Ho B'L ;rtcy cccpr,rnam-rc.b eme cB·J.im.ie pyccKie rroJme: no}I;'L natiaJibCTDOM'L JI,no10po,!!.l!aro 6paTa nemruaro 1.mas.11 B .[ a .n; HM n p a AH .n; p c c 13 H q a 11 noeno.:i;hl B o 6 p o Ra. B ira.n;nmrp'b C'L HCTepn·ImieM'b pna.rrcJr D'.b <foil, 110 onhlTIILIW noeno.n;a ero ocTauanmma.JI'l>. Han:onen;'b, HaCTaJIO npe.M.H )I,'BHCTDO!laTb, .H 3aca;11.HOC BOKCIW CTpeMHTeJJbHO y.n;apHJIO Ha npal'ODL. TaTapu He Hhl1i,ep~K3.11H 11 1106irn~aJIH, a pyccKie aaxnaT1u1a B8Cb HX'b CTaJI'J,,

P '£1IIH8'L rro6'.l>)I.y, BJia.JI;TIMHp'I> Au)l.peenH'l'L neJii>JI'b Tpy611T1> B'I> ~py6LI. PaTmmFr coupa.i1ac1:i, HO He 6.blJIO .Me.7It,n;y Hmrn: nenmaro 1rnn3JI • .B;ra.n;1nrap'b co cJieaall[H rrpoCHJI'l> OTbICKaTb 6paTa H 06-Bma.rr'l> uoJiornyro narpa.n;y TOM)', KTO llaH.ll;eT'l>. ,I(noe paTHHKOB'.b, JR.lIOHUBillliCb B'b CTO­·POHy, ynH,ll;'llJI.EI ,TI.11MI1Tpi.ir, e,n;Ba .n;Limamaro uo;r,'L n·l>Tnrnrn cpy6ircmraro JJ;epena; ero na1-.11.1;r,rpr:, 6LIJI'I> . H36n•r<J:., HO na ·rhirb ne 6LIJio HH o;i;noH: CMepTeJII>ROH paruiI. B ;ia,ll;1nrnp'l> AH,n;peeBin'I> TOTtJacT~ nocr<.aHa.;1'h K'I> He:r.ry H H3B'BCTJTJJ'b ero 0 rro6t.n;·I> . ..

Ma11rati 6•1>.maJI'l> B'h op.il;y FI TaM'I, rroru6r,. 0,1,Hairn 1iepe3'.b ,i,na l'O.JJ;a b:oc.iI'E · I-\,y;urnoncKoii 61-ITBbl Pyccrcarr se,mrn OlUIT.b no,JJ;nepr.iacL namecT.niro Ta:rn.p'b. Hon.hli1 xaHo To x '1' a M bl IU 'L HCOJI(,H;tt;aano OToprcn B'l> Pyc1>, 06.llrnH0111'L B3ff;T:b MoCirny, no&a ,TI;mmTpHi: D'h IfocTpo~d> co-6Hp3..11'I> BOHCKO, H paaopIIJI'I> MIIOro ,il;pyrHX'l> ropO)l:OB'D. Ilo KOr;r,a Ta:_ Taphl Y3HaJIH, 11·ro nemrniii Kllfllin roTOIHITC.fl HanaCTb Ha HHX'L C'l> OOJibillll.M'L noitcn:OM'L, rrocrrtmHO IIODIJIH Ha3a)l,'I> B'h op,11,y n OTTy.n;a YjJ\.e noTpe6onaJIH ;rr;aim. He .iEeJJMI IIo.n;nepraTo Pyc1:i BOBhlM'l> ane3a1rnOJM'b Ha6·.hraM'I> TaTap'b, ,1.I;e:11ru1·piit HCIIOJIHllJl'L HX'J> TJ)COOBaaie. Tan:mn. -06pa30M'L RymmoBcxa.sr 1106·h}l;a nen36amrna pycc1ce:x'b OT'b Tm1\e.11aro

- 26 -

nra, uo ona u11·hJia nec1>Ma na>ItHoe sRatienie: pycc&ie YBHAtJia, 'IT<>

OHH .:110ryn II06tJit;r,aTI> TaTap'I>, eCJIH 6YJI.YTl> JI,'hitCTBOBaTI> o6muMH. CH.ila.MH, a TaTaphl nounJIII, no BaTLJ:emll npeMeHa yme rrpoIIIJll!.

)I.nMRTpUi, npo3naHhiit sa Ry JIBKODCKYIO 6BTBY ,1I. o H c x n H ~ J:llep'b eme n'h no.r1HOM'h u;stTt cmr'I> (n'I> 1389 r.).

npenOA06Hblii CepriA. TopmcCTDY )I;IIMHTpin: IIa,ll;'I> APYrHMH RHJI3bllM1l

MTioro cuoco6cTnona.n'L npcuo;r,o6ulilii Ce pr i it, noJir,sona.nmi.Hcs: nec1>M&. 6oJir,nmar'I> BJiimrieM'I. l!ft cn0Hx1, conpeMeHHHKOB'!.. On. Cepriti eme B'D­

Mo.iro,11,ocTH ymeJI'I> n3o po;i;uTeJir,c11:aro ;i;oMa n noceJIHJIC.11 B'I> ;r,peMyqeM'I. Jrhcy 6JTII3'h ropo.n.a Pa,1J,onc;Ka {HhlH'h ue cymecTDyromaro). 3;t;nc1> Cepriit noc-rponJI'h ce6·h KeJiiIO u 3.ta.lJCHbKYIO IJ,epxon1> no HMSI Cs. TpoHu.ur n ncc10 ;r,ymoro npcp;a.ncn: rro,rr.nnraM'.I.. Cn:opo cTa.n:n co6HpaT1>CK K'I> CDilTOMY OTllle.1 bHHKY lllOl-taXII II, IlOCTpOllll'b H'llCKOJlbKO ReJiiii no­xpyl"b UCPKBll, Ii36pa.1IH ero CBOHM'b Ul'YJIICHOM'b. Ila ncpDLIX'I> nopax'I> llOHaCTr.1p r. non 6:r:.u·r. Q"trcn& 6·h;r,e1-rr,: 60 roCJiyJ1te11ie 11ep·h;r,1w oT11pa­:n.1nJIOCh npn cntT·h JIY'IllllbI, KH11r11 nncam.r 61..vrn na 6epecrt, a pnsbl ynoTpC6JiflJIITCb XO.lJ:LQCBhrn; HO IIOHe;unory om. ua•ra.1'b }'BeJIIPUIDa'fbCH,.

TpoH~Ko-CeprieecKaa naepa (B'L XYll cro.diTiH).

C:SoraT'hTJ> n C'!. rrcqcuicM'I. npeMellil npcnpaT!l.lC!I B'b 3na.MemtTyt<> T p 0 Hu. K o-0 0 pr i e B c I\ y IO JI a B p y, KOTOpa.SI He pa3'h OKa.3hlBaJia Poccia ncc1Ma na11,Hb111 yc.1yru.

XI. IoaHff'l> III (1462-1505).

6paKl. ci. Cocl>ieio naneonon,. Jifa'h npeeMHHKOB'.I. )I.HMHTPisr )I.oH­exol'o oco6cnuo 3u1tqaTcJreH'h upaBHYK'h ero I o an a 'b ill. ::ho 6:r:.r.;rJ. rocyAap1 yMnLili, ocTopo1K11:r:.1ii .H HacTotitJHDLiit. On'L ucKycHo nocnon-

- 27 -

30B3JICSI ?:"B.l\lH CHJialll1I, ROTOpbUI 6111.lJ.H IlpHl'OTODJieHLl ero npC.i!;Ille­c·meHHHICai'tuJ, H noc-ranm1'L MocrconcKoe KHmKeCTBO Ha pH)I.Y C'l> caMhnnt: .11oryru:ecTDeHH6UIH rocy)I.apcTnai'trn: Toro BpeMeHH.

Ilepe1i1111'.b na)lmr,rn'L p,'l>.;101\I'I> loaHHa 6LIJI'I> 6paK'I> ero C'L rpe'-Ie­CROIO n;apeBHOIO C o <I) i e ii II a JI e o JI or 'I>, IIJleMmra1uJ;e10 noc.J1·l>.i1;ru1ro­nnaaIITiHcxaro 1-nmepaTopa, rrorB6rnaro rrpH B311TiH RoucTaHTHHOIIOJUI TypRaMM. ::ha uapem-ia jKKJia Torp,a B'I> Pmd;. Ilana npe,n;JimKH.lJ.'I> ee­B'L cynpyrH Ioamry, Ha)l;'BJICI> nocpe)I.CTBOM'L 9TOl'O 6pa1ca c6JHl3HTbC1! C'L pyccmnm n pacnpocTpanHTI> cpe.11;11 HHX'L KaToJie:qecTBO. IoaHH'I> IlpHH.IIJI'l> npeµ;J1ox~eHie. Co¢i.a: npi·hxa.Jia B'L l\loc&sy li o6whwraJiac&. y'I> Bemrn.HM:'L KIDI3el\1'l>. Ho nonr,rnca nana rro)l;qa1u1n ce6·.I> pyccRyr<>­JJ;ep1coB.& He JIM'BJia ycntxa, Tar<'l> xa1c7> Co¢iH oKa3aJiach pcnuoGTHOit no6opH1u:i;eii rrpanoCJiaaia. ·

BcTynHB'L n'h 6paK» C'L rpe11ecKoi:t :a;apenRoii:, Ioamr:& cTaJI'l> ClJHTaTb ce6SI uacJit)I.IIHKOM'b IlH3an·riHCKHX'I> HMIIepaTopOD'I>, rI09TOMf coe,n;MHHJI'.b MOCICODCidfi repth-H306pam.euic reopri.lI Ilo6·h,ll;OHOCIJ.a C'L

,BH33.Il'lilicrrnM'.b-)I; B y r JI an I.I]\[ '.b 0 p .JI 0 M 'L H ycTpOHJI':& CDOH )l;BOp'.& no o6pasa.y BH3aHTHic&aro: ycTaHOBHJI'.b nJrnoBaHie MOHapmeil: pyKl:I,. saaeJJ'b IlUlllHOCTJ> H pa3HhIC npH)l;BOp1rne 'CJIIHhl . H :a;epellOIIi:F1; C'b 60-.npa~rn .m.e ualJU.iI'l> o6pam:aTT:>Cll J'le lIO-,ll,p)'JI\.eCKH, RaK'l> CTapLie Killl31>JI,. a llOBCJIHTCJibHO II rop,J,O, Kait'I> ca l\I 0 ,ll, c p jft e :u; 'L. IlM'BCT'S C'.b Ti>M'J>.

Ioamn noso6IJonRJI1> crromcni.n Cl> 3ana,ll,HOH Enponoli, npepoamn.m TaTapcKHJ\1'L norpoMOM'.b, H o6~d>Ha.rrCJI nocOJJI>q"Ba3rn: C'L PHMO!lt'L, Be­He~efi, rep)IaIIie:ti: JI ,ll,p. Cn01nrr. IIOCJiaM'l> OH':& npmta3hlBaJI'L )I.OOhIBaTI •. sa rpamrn;cro pa.3IlbIX'.b )IaCTepocrn, IWl'OpLie yl\IiHOT'.b CTpOHTb Ka1!CIIIILUI

.na.Jia'rhl, -.:ier<auaT.D MoHeTy, JIMTI> nyllIKa, 6paT.h yr>:pfameHHb1e ropo.11;a.

.n T. rr. I'IHOCTpa1-rrrn..1rn MacTepaMll ITOCTpOeH.hl 6hlJlll B'.b l\focKB'B Ka­

.Memrr..lli )lnopeu;'», TPH co6opa (Y crrenc1dli, BJiaron·Jwi;eTmidii H Apxan­reJII>crcHi:), I'paHOBHTaiSJ IIa.JiaTa ,ll;Jlff TOpiKeCTBCHTIT:J:X'.& npieMOB'L 1I HODLUI . crhm;c norcpyr1, I-tpeMJISI. Tait'l> CT> ycHJJeHieM'l> Momconc1caro RIDDrtecTna. JKparna.11ac1> n: cro CTOJIKUa.

noHopeHie HoBropo)ta. Il'l> COCTaB'L H 0 Br 0 p 0 )I; c K 0 ii 3 e M JI It

.BXO,Jl;HJil:. uo11TH nccr, C'lmep1, Hmi'fmraeii Enpone~icxoii: Poccin. IJoqna BTOH o6JiaCTH 61.>IJia l\Ia.JIO y}l;06Ha ,11;.IJH o6pa6oTKU, HO o6HJiie BO,ll;HiilX'It­nyTeH cnoco6cTBOna.iio pasnHTilo 3)I;'BCh 1'opron.im. Honropo.n;c:cde KYIIU;Ll

noci>ma..11H RC'B nalltH'.Bitmie ropo,ll;a Pyccxoii: 3e~1JIH~ a no Ba.JITiil:cxoMf llOpIO. 'i>3,!i;HJIH )l;ruite 1I Il'.h I'epManiIO, 1.:y,J1;a Bl.ID03HJHI .nrhxa, ICOil~li, Ca.JIO,.

.BOCK'.h :e: .Jien'.&. B'.b cnom oqepe,n;.& rrpit3JK3.J-nI n'.& Honropo.11;'.h H H'E.MIJ;r4

rAi> onu: YJKe B'I> XII B. liM'BJIH cnoli oco6hlii lf.. a op '.h, u rrpKB03WIH 0pyJKie, cy1mo, noJIOTHO, mnra, cTeKJIO 11 npo11. Topronmr npHHOCWI& nonropo,n;:a;aM'.h 6oJILmyro npH6Win: HonropO)l.'I> Bee 6o;Tl>e H 60.11·.he 60--

.ra:.rtJI'.b H CAi>Jia.JICS: 011e111> MHOrOJIIOJl:HllIM'.h H KpaCJIIlLDI'.h rop0,11,0M'I>.