24

p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

  • Upload
    vuhanh

  • View
    220

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ������������ � ����� ������ ����� �������� ��"!#�%$'& (��)�"� *,+�+�-��./������%� �� 0 ��1 1 �� 2�3��+�)54

687�9:9;7=<�>@?8AB9CEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKSUTVQ@NOFXWYLZDGJ\[Y]G^_D;P`]aDb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^gLihjQ@Slk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPonVpqH@rY^mesQ(P8tXbE[Xuv r`Hwc�^meyx#]Ge;z {R^meM]@z D:rYW| LMLMF8}�~@~�{R{R{3z ];eGz {R^deZ]Kz D;rXW�~@� v rXHwc�^me�#��AB�@>Y�V7(�:����������9:A��l7CEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKS���H@rX^_Q(�_Q(�@hCEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKS���^_Q�eiLfH�LM^mesLM^m]GeRHKPIr�p=D:rY^m]GHK����PXS�Q@JZNOHKLM^m]Geb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^gLihjQ@Slk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPonVpqH@rY^mesQ(P8tXbE[XuD:eGz �XWXJZP`eM^drXDwx | Q�esF8z {R^meM]@z D:rYW| LMLMF8}�~@~�{R{R{3z �X^dQ(esLZHKL;z {R^deZ]Kz D;rXW�~@�E�XW`JMP`eM^mrYD�G� �7�9O<����G��>TR¡#¢V¢U£ ~K[�^meiLZDGNjH@eb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^drXH(rYD�¤XD;rXDGJfHK�8rYQ/�R^dQjrYD¥�HKPXD;^_JZQ`tY��JZH@¦G^d�^dPXD:efx#]GQ(e;z WYS�J v z �XJ | LMLMF8}�~@~�{R{R{3z ]GQ(e;z WXS�J v z �XJa~@�E^dPXD;e<�>(?8A��'§E>X¨I7CEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKS���^_Q�eiLfH�LM^mesLM^m]GeRHKPIr�p=D:rY^m]GHK����PXS�Q@JZNOHKLM^m]Geb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^gLihjQ@Slk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPonVpqH@rY^mesQ(P8tXbE[XuFIHK�@D�xE�X^dQ(esLZH�L:z {R^meZ]Kz D;rYW| LMLMF8}�~@~�{R{R{3z ];eGz {R^deZ]Kz D;rXW�~@�#rYFIHK�@D©�>X¨����5©o>Xª�>X«��wAB9;�l�l>X�CEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKSUTVQ@NOFXWYLZDGJ\[Y]G^_D;P`]aDb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^gLihjQ@Slk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPonVpqH@rY^mesQ(P8tXbE[XuJfHK� | W�x#]Ge;z {R^meZ]Kz D;rYW| LMLMF8}�~@~�{R{R{3z ];eGz {R^deZ]Kz D;rXW�~@�EJfHK� | W68�l��7�¬8�l>@?8�BA�«CEDGFIHKJMLMNODGP�LRQKSUTVQ@NOFXWYLZDGJ\[Y]G^_D;P`]aDb\PX^dc@DGJfeM^gLihjQ@Slk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPonVpqH@rY^mesQ(P8tXbE[Xue | Hwc��d^_­`x#]Ge;z {R^deZ]Kz D;rYW

Page 2: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

| LsLMF } ~(~w{R{R{3z ]Ge;z {R^meM]@z D:rYW�~(�#e | Hwc��d^_­=?>@ ��AI��¬8>X� �BAI9DCEA�9;�;>TR¡#¢U¢V£�~K[Y^desLMD;NOH(eb�PX^dc@D;JZeM^mrXH@rYD�¤XD:rYDGJfHK�8rXQO��^_Q/rYD3¥�HKPXD;^_JZQ`tX��JfHK¦;^_�c�^gLZQ@Jax#]aQ(e;z WYS�J v z �XJ| LsLMF } ~(~w{R{R{3z ]aQ(e;z WYS�J v z �XJa~@�Ec�^_LMQ@J

FHG�F I�J/KML;NPORQTS1K;UVNWJ

[�LZHKLM^meiLZ^d];HK���RD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�HX8D;H@JMP`^_PX�DYB[Y��XWZVS�QY]aW`eMD;e Q(P�H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | NjeUS�Q(J �_D:HKJZPX^_P`� esLZHKLM^meiLZ^d];HK�NOQ�rXDG�me S�JMQ(N JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�XrXHKLZH@�`H@eMD;e;z([Y��X=H(rYc�HKP`]GD;e���DGh(Q@P`rO� Hwh@D:es^mHKP PXDGLi{VQ(JM­�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�HKP`r JMD;�dHKLMD;r�LZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:e\��h | HKPIrY�_^dPX��rYQ@NjHK^dP`e\{R^gL | N W`�gLZ^_FX�dDLfHK�X�dD;e;t���h�JZDGFXJZD;eMDGP�LZ^_PX�JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`e | ^dF`e��IDGLi{VD;DGPOrY^]\ DGJZDGP�L�JZQ�{�e Q@S`L | D eZHKNODVLZH@�X�_D(tKHKP`r���h3^_P�LZDG�@JfH�LZ^_P`�#rXHKLZH\S�JMQ(NesD;c@D;JZH@�VrY^meiLZ^_PI]yLjrXH�LfHK�`H(esD:eGz TVWXJZJMD;P(LZ�_h(t [X��X'LZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:e ];HKP��dD;H@JMP v Q@^dP(LjFXJZQ@�IHK�X^d�_^_LihrY^meiLZJM^d�XWYLZ^_Q(P`eQ�c(DGJ3L | D_^`D;�drXe�QKS�H=JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�VrXH�LfHK�`H(esD/{R^_L | N�WX�_LM^dFX�_DoLZH@�X�_D:eGza`�D;c@D;JsnL | D;�_D:eMe;t�[Y��X�LMD:] | PX^*[(W`D;eH@JMD/]GQ@P`esLMJfHK^dPXD;rqLMQqW`esDjQ(PX�dhqL | DjLZH@�X�dD;eH@P`r?^`DG�mrXe H@�_JZD;H(rYh^_P/L | D�rXH�LfHK�`H(esD(t({R^_L | Q@WYL�N QYrY^b^I];H�LM^dQ@P z���P�]aQ@P�LZJZH(eiL:t(NjHKP�h | WXNjHKP/WIesD;JZeUQKS JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�rXH�LfHK�`H(esD:ec^IP`ro^_LR�ID;PXDd^�]a^mHK��LMQjrYDe^`PXD3HK�_LMD;JMP`HKLM^dc@D�f�g heiajVQ@S�H�r`H�LZH@�`H@eMD'k�S�WXJML | D;Jl^IDG�mrXeQ@JELZH@�X�_D:e�L | H�L3]GH@Pq��D ]GQ@NOFXWYLZD;r S�JMQ(N DdmY^desLM^dPX��Q@PXD:eGzon | ^meE] | HKFYLZDGJ�e | Q�{�e\L | H�L[Y��XHK�d�@Q(JM^_L | NjeRH@�deMQj]GHKP=��DGP`Dd^XL�S�JZQ@N L | D�HK�X^d�_^_Lih�LMQ/rYDe^`PXDPXD;{�c�^dDG{�e;zp`EHKNODG�dh@tI^gLEe | Q�{�eL | HKL\c�^_D;{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�/];HKP=��DW`eMD;r�S�Q(J�NOQ@JZDH@]G]GWXJfH�LMD3F`JMD:rY^d]aLM^dQ@P�QKS�^dNOFIQ(JsLfHKP�L)^`DG�mrXe\^_PL | D3Q(JM^d�@^dP`H@� r`H�LZH@�`H@eMD@zk�DjH@WX�@NODGP�L[Y��X�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | NOe#��h H@r`rY^_P`��L | DjHK�X^d�d^gLih�LZQ��dD;H@JMP�PXDG{q^`DG�mrXe;t�^_P�LZDGP`eM^_Q(PYnHK�d�_h�rYDd^IPXD;r ^dP LZDGJZNOe QKSRDdmY^meiLZ^_P`�r^`DG�mrXe�HKP`r"^dP�LMDGPIes^dQ@P`H@�U�`H(]f­��@JZQ@WXP`r�­�PXQ�{R�dD;rY�(D@z8��PrXH�LfHK�`H(esD�LMD;JMNO^dPXQ@�dQ@�(h@t L | D;eMDjPXDG{s^`D;�drXe ]aQ@PIeiLZ^gLZWYLMD/H��dD;H@JMPXD:rtfBg hei Q@SVL | DorXHKLZH@�`H@eMD@zk�D W`esD ��P`rYW`]aLM^dc@D�X Q@�(^d]3¢UJMQ(�@JfHKNONO^_PX�uY��#X�¢TZRLMQ/�dD;H@JMP�JZWX�_D:e�{ | ^m] | ^dP(LZDGP`eM^dQ@P`H@�_�dh�rXDan^`PXD�L | D3PXDG{v^`D;�drXe;zYk�D3FXJMD:esD;P�LRLi{VQjrY^b\�D;JMD;P�L NODGL | QYrXe LZQ/H@];]aQ@NOFX�d^me | L | ^meR�(Q(HK� z1n | D^`JfeiL\^me\HjLi{VQ@n esLMD;F HKFXFXJZQ(H(] | { | DGJZD{VD�esD:HKJf] | S�Q(JEH@�_�lc�^_D;{�e�QKS�^dP�LMDGJZD;esL;zwn | ^me\FXJZQY]aD:eMe^deUDdmYF�DGP`eM^_c(D\HKPIrjrYQ�D;e P`QKLUPXD:]aD:eMeZHKJZ^_�dh �(W`HKJfHKP�LZDGD�eMDG�dD;]yLZ^_P`�3L | D\N Q�eiLVW`esDGS�WX��c�^dDG{3z�n | DesD:]aQ(P`r3S�JfHKNODG{�Q@JZ­ tw{ | ^d] | {�DVJZDaS�D;J LMQ3H@e [Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{3t | H@e HELM^d� | LMD;J ]aQ@W`FX�_^dPX����DaLi{�DGDGPc�^_D;{ �@D;PXDGJfH�LZ^_Q(P�H@P`r�c�^_D;{ W`eZHK�(D@zI¡EWXJRJZD;eMWX�_LZe�e | Q�{ L | HKL�c�^dDG{ �dD;HKJZPX^dPX�j]GH@P�JZD;eMWX�_L�^_Pes^d�@P`^]^I];HKP�L �ID;PXDd^XLfeGzk�DOFXJZD;eMDGP�L3c�^_D;{ �dD;H@JMPX^dPX��^_P�L | D/esF�D;]G^]^I]OH@FXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@P�QKS ]aJZD;HKLM^dPX��H@P�DemYFID;JsLeMh�esLMD;N^_PoNOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | h(z@k�DE] | Q�esDRL | ^me�H@FXFX�d^d];H�LZ^_Q(PjS�Q@J�HP�WXN ��DGJ�QKS8JZD;H(esQ(P`e;z(¤l^_JfesL;t�^gL ^de�HKP^_NOF�Q@JMLZH@P(LEFXJZH(]yLZ^d];HK� H@FXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@P={ | DGJZDL | DGJZD | H@e\�ID;DGP JZD;]GDGP�L\FXJZQ@�(JMD:eMe ^dPq]GQ@�d�_D:]yLM^dPX�es^d¦;H@�X�dD HKNOQ@WXP�Lfe�QKSXrXHKLZHXz:[�D;]GQ@P`r�t;{VD | Hwc@D H@];]aD:eMe LZQ�HKP3Dem�F�DGJMLsn�rYD;c@DG�dQ@F�D;r�eMhYeiLZDGN�z�n | ^meFXJZQ�c�^mrYD:e�H �`H(esD3JZDaS�D;JMD;P`]aD�HK��HK^dP`esL { | ^d] | {�D�];HKP�DGc�H@�_W`HKLMD�Q@W`JR{VQ(JM­{z ��WXJMPIes^mrYD3DaL\H@�Bzdt|�};}M}�~ z�n | ^_Jfr�t8H��mHKJZ�@D F`JMQ(FIQ(JsLZ^_Q(PqQKS�DdmXHKNOFX�dD;e3H@JMD PXD;�(H�LZ^_c(D@zon | ^me3rY^meiLZJM^d�XWYLZ^_Q(P�eM­@D;{^deQKS LMD;P"S�Q@WXPIr"^_P N�WX�gLZ^gn JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK�UH@FXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@PIeGz�X�H@esL;t8Q(WXJ rXHKLZH=]GQ@P`eM^desLZeQKS�H=es^dPX�(�_DLZH@�X�_D(zTn | ^me�HK�d�_Q�{�ejWIe/LZQ%]aQ(N FIHKJZD Q@WXJ/LMD;] | PX^�[�WXD:e�H@�(H@^_P`esLoesLZHKPIrXHKJfr�FXJZQ@F�Q(eM^gLZ^_Q(P`HK��_D:HKJZPX^dPX�`z���PqL | ^me3]GH@eMD@t ^_L3^de3eMW1�/]a^dDGP�L#S�Q@J�c�^_D;{ �dD;HKJZPX^dPX�/LZQ�Ddm�LMD;P`r�H@PqDem�^mesLM^dPX��LZHK�`�_D{R^gL | PXDG{�^`D;�dr`eGt H@] | ^dDGc(D;r ��h2WIes^dPX� �#X ¢�LMQ��dD;H@JMP�JZWX�_D:ejS�Q(J/WXP`H@JMh FXJZD;rY^m]GHKLMD;e;zU¤`Q@J

Page 3: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

���]� �p ���r���������;*�� T� ���T57�e8�8:�# �����.;+�< �

Ca ++ Lucent Centered

.

Disease

Tubular Density

Ca ++ Amorphous

Ca ++ Dystrophic

Mass Margins

Ca ++ Round

Ca ++ Punctate

Mass Size

Mass P/A/O

Mass Stability Milk of Calcium

Ca ++ Dermal

Ca ++ Popcorn Ca ++ Fine/

Linear Ca ++ Eggshell

Ca ++ Pleomorphic

Ca ++ Rod-like

Skin Lesion

Architectural Distortion

Mass Shape

Mass Density

Breast Density

LN

Asymmetric Density

HRT

Age

Family hx

�������� ������ £PmYFID;JsL�� Hwh@D:eR`�DaL

Q@L | D;J�H@FXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@PIeGtl^gL NjHwh���D�rXD;eM^_JfHK�X�dDjLZQq�dD;HKJZP FXJZD;rY^m]GHKLMD:eQKS | ^_� | DGJOHKJZ^gLih(t { | ^m] |{R^d�d� ]aQ(JMJZD;eMFIQ(P`rjLZQO�_D:HKJZPX^_P`�OH c�^dDG{ {R^_L | PXD;{ LfHK�X�dD;e JfH�L | DGJ L | HKP�PXD;{ ^`D;�dr`eRQ@PX�dh@z

FHG�� � U����������HL�J U�J��! NWL#"$�&%'% N(��L)�+*-,/.

¡�\ DGJZ^dPX�j�XJZD;H@esLE];HKP`]GDGJ\eZ]aJZDGD;PX^_P`�OLMQjL | DDGc(DGJMn ^dP`]GJMD:H@eM^_PX�OP�WXN��ID;J\QKS�{�Q@NODGP�Q�c(DGJ\H@�@D0 } JMD;FXJMD:esD;P�LZe HO�@JZD;HKLR] | HK�d�_D;PX�@D(zITVQ(esLsn Dd\ D;]yLZ^_c(D3rYDG�d^_c(DGJZh/QKS NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h/eM]GJMD;DGPX^dPX�rXDGF�DGP`rXeVQ@P�H ]aQ(P`eM^desLMD;P(L��`HK�mHKPI]aD�Q@S | ^_� | eMDGP`eM^_LM^dc�^_LihOHKP`r | ^_� | eMFID:]a^b^I]a^_Lih@z�� L | H@e ��DGD;PrXDGNOQ@P`esLMJfH�LZD;r�L | H�LEeMWX�`eMFID:]a^mHK�d^desL;tIDdmYF�DGJML\NjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKF | DGJfe H@] | ^dDGc(D�L | ^me��`H@�dH@P`]aDH@P`rF�DGJMS�Q@JZN es^d�@PX^b^I];HKP�LM�dhq��DaLMLMDGJ�L | HKP �@D;PXDGJfHK�UJZH(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLfe_z ��JZQ�{RP"DaL H@�Bzdt�1�232)4Yt [�^m]f­��_D:eDGL�HK� z_t |M}M};|�~ z65#D;PXDGJfHK� JfH@rY^dQ@�dQ@�(^desLZe | Hwc@D | ^d� | D;J S�HK�mesD�F�Q(eM^gLZ^_c(D�JZHKLMD;e H@P`r | DGP`]GD#�`^_Q(F`eshJfH�LZD;e;t�rY^dNO^_P`^de | ^dPX�qL | DoF�Q(eM^_LM^dc@DoF`JMD:rY^d]aLM^dc@D�cwH@�_W`D/S�Q@J NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h z �VJZQ�{RP DaLjHK� zdt1�232)4Yt [�^m]f­��dD;eODGLoHK� z_t |M}M}�|"~ z b\PYS�Q@JMLMW`P`H�LZDG�dh@tUrYD:esF`^gLZD�L | D�S�H(]yLjL | H�LoeMFID:]a^mHK�d�_h LZJZH@^_P`D;rNjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKF | D;JZe=rXDaLMD:]yL��XJMD:H@esL�]GH@P`]aD;JqNOQ@JZD�H@];]aWXJfH�LZDG�dh@t\L | D;JMD�^me�H5�_Q(PX�(esLZH@P`rY^dPX�e | Q(JsLfHK�@D#QKS�L | D:esD3^dP`rY^dc�^drXW`HK�me:z £U­��_WXPIr�t |�};}M}�~ zu\P�DemYFID;JsL�eshYesLMD;N�^_P�NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | h | H@e�L | D FIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�(LZQ | DG�dFL | D��(DGPXD;JZH@�(JfH@rX^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLH@FXFXJZQ(H(] | L | D De\�D:]yLZ^_c(DGPXD:eMe\QKS H/eMWX�`eMFID:]a^mHK�_Lih�Dem�F�DGJML;tIL | DGJZDG��h�NO^dPX^dN ^d¦G^dPX���IQ@L | S�H@�deMDP`DG�(HKLM^dc@D�HKP`r"S�H@�deMD�FIQ�es^_LM^dc@D�JMD:esW`�gLfeGz � Hwh@D;eM^mHKP PXDGLi{VQ(JM­Ye H@JMD�FXJZQ@�`H@�X^_�d^meiLZ^d]o�@JfHKF | ^m]GH@�NOQYrYD;�de#L | H�L | Hwc(DO�ID;DGP HKFXF`�_^dD;r�LMQ�L | DOLZH(es­ Q@S��`JMD:H@esL3];HKP`]GDGJrY^mHK�(PXQ(eM^me\S�JZQ@N NOH@N nNOQ(�@JfHKF | h rXHKLZH_z 73H | PODGLVHK� z_t8192:2);�tK��WXJZP`eM^drXDRDaLVH@�Bzdt |M}M}M} t |�};} 0@� ~ zK� Hwh@D:es^mHKP�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­YeF`JMQYrYW`]GDjrY^dH@�@PXQ�esD:e#{R^gL | FXJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^gLZ^_D:e�H�LsLfH@] | D:r�z ��D;];HKW`eMD QKS�L | D;^_J�(JZH@F | ^m]GH@�lPIH�LMW`JMD(tL | DGh"HKJZD/]aQ(NOFXJMD | DGPIes^d�X�dDOLMQ | WXNjHKPIe HKPIr"W`esDGS�WX� S�Q(J3LMJfHK^dPX^dPX�`zlu\e�HKP DdmXH@N F`�_D(t ¤l^_�@nW`JMD<1@z=1�e | Q�{�eL | D�eiLZJMW`]aLMWXJZDoQ@SEHq� Hwh(D;eM^dH@P PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ rYDGc(DG�dQ@F�D;r ��h H�eMWX�`eMF�D;]a^mHK�d^meiL:t

Page 4: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

P1 1 5/02 S

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

P1 3 5/04 S

P1 2 5/04 V

Patient Abnormality Date Mass Shape ... Mass Size Location Be/Mal

pic ... 0.03 RU4 B

ar ... 0.04 RU4 M

pic ... 0.04 LL4 B

...

������� #����� n | D_`\HKLM^dQ@P`H@��p HKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h�C#H�LfHK�`H(esD eM] | DGNjHXt Q@NO^_LsLZ^_PX�=eMQ@NOD QKSUL | DS�D;HKLMWXJZD;e;z

DdmYF�DGJML�NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKF | D;J;z ¤XQ(J3D;H(] | c�HKJZ^mHK�X�dDDY�PXQYrYDBZ#^dP�L | DO�(JZH@F | t L | D/��Hwh(D;eEPXDaL | H@eH�]aQ@PIrY^gLZ^_Q(P`HK��F`JMQ(�`HK�X^d�d^gLih=LfHK�X�dDO�@^dc�^_PX��L | DjFXJZQ@�`H@�X^_�d^_LihqrY^meiLZJM^d�XWYLZ^_Q(P�Q�c(DGJ#L | DjcwH@�_W`D;eL | HKL�cwH@JM^mHK�`�_DR]GH@P LfHK­(DVS�Q(J D;H@] | F�Q(eZes^d�X�dD eMDaLMLM^dPX�3QKS�^gLfe�F`H@JMD;P(LfeGz�n | D�� Hwh(D;eM^dH@PPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­^_P�¤l^_�(WXJMD 1@z=1EH(] | ^dDGc@D:eVH(]G]GWXJZH(]a^dD;e | ^d� | D;JUL | HKP�L | Q�esD#QKS�QKL | DGJReshYesLMD;NOe�HKPIroQ@S �@D;PXDGJfHK�JZH(rY^dQ@�dQ@�@^mesLZe�{ | Q/F�DGJMS�Q@JZN NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@NjeGtXH@P`r=]aQ(N NOD;P`esW`JZHKLMD3{R^_L | L | D F�DGJMS�Q@JZNOH@P`]aDQKSlJZH(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLfe�{ | QjesF�D;]G^dH@�_^d¦GD�^dP�NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKF | hrz ��WXJZP`eM^drXD#DGL\HK� z_t |�}M};}�~ zn�H@�X�dD 1@z=1/e | Q�{�e�L | D�NjHK^dP"LZHK�`�_D Y�{R^_L | eMQ@NOD_^`D;�dr`eQ@NO^_LsLZD;r"S�Q(J�XJZDGc�^gLih Z�^dP%H=�mHKJZ�@DJMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@��rXH�LfHK�`H(esD#QKSlNOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | h/H@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:eGz1n | Dr`H�LZH@�`H@eMD�eM] | D;NjH ^me�eMFID:]yn^]^ID;r�^_P�L | D `EH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�8p H@NON Q(�@JfHKF | hjC#H�LZH@�`H@eMD,Y `\pqC�Z esLZH@P`rXHKJfr/D:eiLfHK�X�d^me | D:ro��hjL | Du�NODGJZ^m]GHKPOTVQ@�d�_D;�@DUQ@SI��H(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@h_z u\T��3t |�}M} 0 ~ z�n | DR`\pqC�{�H(e�rYD:es^d�@P`D;r3LZQ#esLZH@P`rXH@JZrY^d¦GDrXH�LfH3]aQ(�_�dD;]aLM^dQ@POS�Q@JUNOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | hF`JZH(]yLM^m]aD:e ^dPOL | DEb�PX^_LMD:ro[�LZHKLMD:eUHKPIrO^deU{R^drYD;�_hOW`eMD;rS�Q@Jl[�W`H@�_^_Lih�H(eMeMWXJfHKP`]GD@z�k�D�Q@NO^_LVH3eMD;]aQ(P`r�tKN�W`] | eMNOH@�_�dDGJ�dg� ��j�� LZH@�X�_D(t(eM^_NOFX�dh �ID:]GHKWIesD{VD3H@JMD#^_P�LZDGJZD;esLMD;r�^dP�FXJZD;rX^d]aLM^dPX��k5�IDGS�Q@JZD#L | D3�X^dQ@FIesh;k5{ | DaL | DGJRHKP�HK�`PXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLihj^me �IDGnPX^d�@PjQ@JUNOH@�_^d�@PIHKP�L;zM`\QKLZDRL | HKL L | DErXHKLZHK�IH@eMD�]aQ@P�LfHK^dP`e�Q@P`D�JMD:]aQ(JZr�FID;JVH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLih(z@��hFXWYLMLM^dPX�oL | DOrXH�LfHK�`H(esD�^_P�LMQ�Q@P`D QKSUL | DOeiLfHKP`r`HKJfr rXH�LfHK�`H(esD��sPXQ(JMNjH@��� S�Q(JMNje;t�^_L�{VQ(WX�dr�ID�FIQ�eMeM^d�X�_D�LMQ�JMD:rYW`]GD�eMQ@NOD�rXHKLZH rXWXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@P tl�`WYL Q(PX�dh"Hqc@D;JMh"esNjH@�_� HKNOQ@W`P(L:} L | DF`H�LZ^_D;P�L�� eEH@�@D@t�eiLfH�LZW`e\Q@S | Q@JZNOQ@PXD JMD;FX�dH(]aD;N D;P�L�L | D;JZH@F�h�H@P`r�S�HKNO^d�_h | ^mesLMQ@JZh�]aQ@W`�dr=��DJMD:]aQ(JZrYD:r Q@P`]GD\F�DGJ������ g h���������� �!����hV^dPo]GH(esD:e { | D;JMDEN WX�_LM^dFX�dDEH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:eUH@JMDRS�Q(WXP`rQ@P�H eM^dPX�@�dDENjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKN�rXH�LZD@z`[�WI] | PXQ(JMNjH@�_^d¦;HKLM^dQ@P/{�Q@WX�mr | Hwc@D#PXQ�De\�D:]yL�Q(PoQ@W`J H@FYnFXJZQ(H@] | Q@J3JZD;eMWX�gLfeGt�eMQ�{VDj] | Q�Q(eMD�LMQ�Q@F�DGJfH�LZDOrX^_JZD;]aLM�dh Q@PqL | D/rXHKLZH@�`H@eMD�^dP"^gLfe3rYDd^IPXD;rS�Q@JZN�z¤l^_�(WXJMD 1@z | FXJZD;eMDGP�LZe�H | ^dDGJfHKJf] | hqQKSRL | D/S�Q(WXJ�Lih�F�D;e�QKS��dD;H@JMP`^_PX� L | HKL�NO^_� | L���D�W`eMD;rS�Q@J�L | ^de�LfH@eM­�z1X DGc@D;� 1#H@P`r X DGc@D;� | H@JMD�eiLfHKP`r`HKJfrjLih�FID:e�QKSl� Hwh(D;eM^dH@PjPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­j�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�`zX8D;c@DG�/1\^me es^dNOFX�dh �dD;H@JMP`^_PX� L | D#F`H@JZH@N DGLMD;JZe S�Q@JVL | D#DdmYF�DGJMLsn�rYDd^`P`D;r/P`DaLi{�Q@JZ­ esLMJZW`]yLZWXJZD@zX8D;c@DG� | ^_P�c@Q(�_c(D;e��dD;HKJZPX^dPX�OL | D H@]aLMW`H@� eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD�QKS L | DPXDGLi{VQ(JM­/^dP H@r`rY^gLZ^_Q(P�LMQj^_LZe�FIH�nJZH@NODaLMD;JZe;z�`\QKLZ^d]GD L | H�LELMQ�FXJMD:rY^m]yL\L | D FXJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^gLih�Q@SUNjHK�d^_�(P`HKP`]Gh�Q@SVHKP�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_Lih@tHj� Hwh@D;e P`DaLEWIesD:eRQ@PX�dh�L | DJZD;]GQ@Jfr�S�Q@JRL | H�L�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_Lih@z `\DGc@D;JsL | DG�dD;eZe;t`rXH�LfHj^dP=QKL | DGJJMQ�{�eVQKS�L | D�LfHK�X�dD�NjHwh/HK�mesQ �ID3JZDG�dDGc�H@P(L:}�JZH(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLfeUNjHwh/H@�deMQ ]GQ@P`eM^mrYDGJ QKL | DGJ�H@�XPXQ(JsnNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:eVQ(P/L | D3eMH@N D#NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N Q(J�F`JMD;c�^dQ@WIeUNjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@NjeGz�¤XQ(JVDemYH@NOFX�_D(t�^gLRNjHwh�ID W`eMDaS�WX�lLZQo­�PXQ�{�L | H�L#L | DOeMH@NOD�NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N H@�deMQo]GQ@P�LZH@^_P`e#HKP`QKL | DGJ�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_Lih@t

Page 5: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

���]� �p ���r���������;*�� T� ���T57�e8�8:�# �����.;+�< �

�������� ����� � ^dDGJfHKJf] | h5Q@S��dD;H@JMPX^dPX�2Lih�FID:eGz�X DGc@D;�de 1"HKPIr | HKJZD"HwcwH@^_�mHK�`�_D�L | JZQ@W`� |Q(JZrX^_P`H@JMh � Hwh(D;eM^dH@P�PXDGLi{VQ(JM­q�_D:HKJZPX^_P`��H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | NjeGtHX DGc(DG����^meHwc�HK^d�dH@�X�_DjQ(PX�dh=L | JZQ@W`� |esLZHKLMDGn Q@S nBL | Dan�HKJMLR[X��X�LMD:] | PX^*[(W`D;e;tXHKP`rDX8D;c@DG� 0j^meRrYD:eM]GJM^d�ID:ro^dP�L | ^me�] | H@FYLMD;J;z

{R^_L | H�F`HKJMLM^m]aW`�dH@J eM^d¦GD3HKP`r�e | HKF�D��YQ(JVL | H�LRL | D3eMH@NOD#F�DGJfeMQ@P | H@r�H F`JMD;c�^dQ@WIeVNjH@N NOQ@n�(JZH@N {R^_L | ]aD;JsLfHK^dP=] | HKJfH@]aLMDGJZ^meiLZ^d];eGz���P`]GQ@JZFIQ(JZHKLM^dPX� r`H�LZH S�JZQ@N QKL | DGJ�JZQ�{�e�^_P�L | D3LfHK�X�dD^me�PXQ@L�FIQ�eMeM^_�`�_DR{R^_L | DdmY^meiLZ^_P`���Hwh(D;eM^dH@P PXDGLi{VQ(JM­3�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�3H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | NjelH@P`r JMDB[�WX^_JZD;e esLZHKnLZ^desLM^m]GH@��JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�l�dD;HKJZPX^dPX� Y [Y��XWZ�LMD:] | PX^*[�WXD;e;t�esW`] | H@eEFXJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^desLM^m]JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK��NOQ�rYnD;�de�z ¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP/DGL�HK� zdt81�23232(H ~ zMX8D;c@D;��� ^_Po¤l^d�@WXJZD 1(z | e | Q�{�e L | D�esLZH�LZDan QKS n L | DGn H@JsL ^dP�[Y��XLZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:eGt�^_�d�dW`eiLZJZHKLM^dPX� | Q�{�JZDG�dDGc�HKP�LT^`DG�mrXeUS�JMQ(N Q@L | D;JVJZQ�{�e�Y�Q(JUQ@L | D;JULfHK�X�dD;e Z ];HKPj��D^dP`]GQ@JZFIQ(JZHKLMD;r�^dP(LZQ=L | DoPXDGLi{VQ(JM­ t�W`eM^_P`�qHK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P�^gS�PXD:]aD:eMeZHKJZh@z8��HKL | D;JL | HKP W`eM^dPX�Q(PX�dhL | D\es^d¦GDRQ@SIL | D\H@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLih WXP`rYD;JU]aQ(P`es^mrYD;JZHKLM^dQ@P8twL | DRPXDG{5H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZDc^`D;�drjH@�_�dQ�{�e

Page 6: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

L | D�� Hwh@D;ePXDaL LMQ�HK�mesQq]GQ@P`eM^mrYDGJ L | D�Hwc@DGJfHK�(Djes^d¦GD�QKS\HK�d� HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_LM^dD;e�S�Q(WXP`r%^_P L | DNjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN�z¢ JZD;eMDGP�LM�dh@t�[Y��X ^de��d^_NO^_LMD:r�LMQ W`eM^_P`�'L | D2Q(JM^d�@^dP`HK� c�^_D;{ QKS/L | D�rXH�LfHK�`H(esD(t\L | H�L"^de;tL | D Q(JM^d�@^dP`H@��LZHK�`�_D:e HKP`rv^`D;�dr`eGt�F�Q(eZeM^_�X�dh {R^_L | H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZ^_Q(P8zRC\D:esFX^_LMD"L | D�WYLZ^_�d^_Lih Q@SHK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P8tReM^_NOFX�dh�]aQ@PIes^mrYDGJZ^dPX��Q@PX�dh L | D�Dem�^mesLM^dPX� ^`DG�mrXeqNOHwh ��D�^_PIesW1�/]G^_D;P(LqS�Q@JH@];]aWXJfH�LZD\FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_Q(P�Q@S�NjHK�d^d�@P`H@P`]a^dD;e;z�X DGc(DG� 0O^_P�¤l^_�(WXJMD 1@z | e | Q�{�eVL | D�­@DGh/];HKF`H@�X^d�_^_LihL | HKL3{R^_�d���IDj^dP�LMJZQYrYW`]aD:rqH@P`rqD;c�HK�dW`H�LZD;r�^_P�L | ^me] | H@FYLMD;J;} W`eM^dPX�oLZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:e#S�JMQ(N JMW`�_D�_D:HKJZPX^dPX��LMQ��_D:HKJZP/H3PXDG{ fBg hei�z���P/L | ^mec^I�@WXJZD@t(L | DEPXDG{5c�^dDG{�^dP`]a�dW`rYD:e Li{�QPXD;{�S�D;H�LZWXJZD;eWYLM^d�d^_¦;D;r���hjL | D���Hwh(D;e�PXDGLRL | HKL\]GHKP`PXQKLR��DrYDd^`P`D;r�es^dNOFX�dho��hoHK�(�@JZDG��H�LM^dQ@PoQKS DdmY^desLM^dPX�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e;z n | D3PXD;{ S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eRHKJZD3rYDd^`P`D;r���h/Li{�QO�_D:HKJZPXD;r�JMW`�_D:e L | HKL\]GH@FYLMWXJZD � | ^drXrXDGP��]aQ(P`]aD;FYLZeEFIQ@LMD;P(LZ^dH@�_�dh�W`eMDaS�WX�lS�Q@J�H@];]aWXJfH�LZDG�dh�FXJMD:rY^m]yLM^dPX��NOH@�_^d�@PIHKP`]Gh@t��XWYL#L | HKL�H@JMD�PXQKLDdmYFX�d^d]G^gL�^_P L | D��@^dc@D;P rXHKLZHK�IH@eMD=LZH@�X�_D:eGz\¡EPXD��_D:HKJZPXD;r'JMWX�dD�esLZHKLMD:e/L | H�L=H%] | H@PX�@Dq^_PL | D�e | HKF�D�Q@SEHKP2HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_Lih H�LjH �dQ�];H�LZ^_Q(P2eM^_P`]GD�H@P%D;H@JM�d^dDGJ NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKN NjHwh���D^_PIrY^d];H�LZ^_c(D QKSXHRNjHK�d^d�@P`H@P`]ah(zen | DUQ@L | D;J eZHwh�e�L | HKLlHKP_g �����%h ��jeh8^dP3L | DVHwc@D;JZH@�@DlQKS�L | DVeM^_¦;D;eQKS8L | D3HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;eVNjHwhO�ID�^dP`rY^m]GH�LZ^_c(DEQ@S NjHK�d^_�(P`HKPI]ah@z `�Q@LMD#L | H�L �IQ@L | JMWX�dD;e�JZD�[�WX^dJMDJMDGS�DGJZDGP`]GD/LZQ�Q@L | D;JOJMQ�{�e�^_P2L | D�LfHK�X�dD�S�Q@J L | D��(^_c(DGP%FIH�LM^dDGP�L:t H@e {VD;�_�RH(e�^dP�LMD;P`es^dQ@PIHK��`H@]f­��(JMQ(WXP`r�­�PXQ�{R�_D:rY�@DoLMQ"rYDd^IPXD�]GQ@P`]GDGFYLfe�eMW`] | H@e��s^dP`]aJZD;H(esD:e3Q�c@D;JLM^dNOD@z �?`\DG^_L | D;JJMW`�_D3]GH@P���D]GH@FYLMW`JMD:ro��h�esLZH@P`rXH@JZr�HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@P/Q@S�DdmY^meiLZ^_P`�,^`DG�mrXe;z`�Q@LMD�L | H�L X8D;c@D;� � HKP`r X8D;c@D;� 0 �_D:HKJZPX^_P`��{�Q@W`�dr2PXQKL/��D PXD:]aD:eMeZHKJZh ^gS#L | DqrXH�LfHK�`H(esD^_P`^gLZ^dH@�_�dh ]GQ@P�LZH@^_P`D;rjHK�d�IL | DEFIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�_�dh�WIesDGS�WX�p^IDG�mrXeV];HKFYLZWXJZ^_PX� ^_PYS�Q(JMNjHKLM^dQ@POS�JZQ@N QKL | DGJJMD;�_D;c�HKP�L#JZQ�{�e#Q@J�LfHK�X�dD;e;z8¤XQ(J3DdmXHKNOFX�dD@t L | D/rXH�LfHK�`H(esD NO^_� | L�IDO^dPX^gLZ^dH@�_�dh�]GQ@P`esLMJZW`]aLMD;rLMQo]GQ@P�LZH@^_PD^`D;�dr`e\eMW`] | H@e �MeM�_Q(FID3Q@S�] | HKPX�(D3^_PqH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_Lihoes^d¦GD�H�L�L | ^deE�dQ�];H�LZ^_Q(P�Q�c(DGJLM^dNOD��Xt��MHwc@D;JZH@�@D#HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_LihoeM^_¦;DQ@P�L | ^de\NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKN �XtYH@P`r=esQOQ(P8z`� S | WXNjHKP`e\]GHKP^drXDGP�LM^_S�h�HK�d�ResW`] | FIQ@LMD;P(LZ^dH@�_�dh W`eMDaS�WX�R^IDG�mrXe �IDGS�Q@JZD | H@P`r�HKPIr%rYDe^`PXD�c�^_D;{�e ]GQ@P�LZH@^_P`^_PX�L | D:esD(t L | D;P�X8DGc(DG� ��HKP`r X8D;c@D;� 0��dD;H@JMP`^_PX��HKJZD WXPXPXD:]aD;eZeZHKJZh@zo`�D;c@DGJML | DG�dD;eZeGt L | DjesF`H(]aDQKS\eMW`] | ��"j j'g���� ��W`eMDaS�W`�l^`D;�dr`e�^me6[(W`^gLZD��mHKJZ�@D(t�HKPIr�F�DGJ | HKF`e NOQ@JZDoD;H(es^d�dh"eMD;H@JZ] | D;r"��h]aQ(N F`WYLMD;J3c�^mHrX8D;c@D;����H@P`r X8D;c@DG��0��dD;H@JMP`^_PX�Iz�TVDGJMLZH@^_PX�dh ^dP�L | Do];H@eMDOQKS�L | D4`EH�LM^dQ@PIHK�p HKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h C#H�LfHK�`H(esD%esLZH@P`rXH@JZr z u\T��3t |�}M} 0 ~ t\eMW`] | ^`D;�drXe�{�DGJZD�PXQKL"Hwc�HK^d�dH@�X�_D�ID:]GH@W`esD L | D;h | H@r PXQKL��ID;DGP�rYDd^`P`D;rqH@P`r F�Q@F`WX�dHKLMD:r ^dP L | D rXHKLZH@�`H@eMD��h�L | DOrYQ(NOH@^_PDdmYF�DGJMLZe;t�L | W`eRNjHK­�^dPX�_X8D;c@DG� �jH@P`r7X DGc(DG� 0O�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�OFIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�_�dh/W`eMDaS�WX� z

FHG�� � � � �(� � U �8� ���8��L�J U�J����lL)�&% �8�uN�L��

¡EPXD ]GH@P ^dNjHK�(^_PXD�H�c�H@JM^dDaLih'Q@SOH@FXFXJZQ(H(] | D;e�LMQ5F�DGJMS�Q@JZN c�^dDG{ �_D:HKJZPX^dPX�`z�uEe H ^`JfeiLeiLZDGF8t {VD'H@FXFX�dh Dem�^mesLM^dPX��LMD:] | PXQ@�dQ@�(h�LMQ�Q(�YLZH@^_P�H�c�^dDG{ �_D:HKJZPX^_P`� ]GHKFIHK�X^d�_^_Lih@z�u�P�hJMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�IrXHKLZH@�`H@eMD\]GH@P/��DEP`HKLMWXJfHK�d�dhOH@P`r/eM^_NOFX�dhjJZDGFXJZD;eMDGP�LMD:rOW`eM^_PX� H eMWX�`eMDaL QKSo^`JfesLsnQ@JfrYDGJ\�_Q(�@^m]_z ��H@NjHK­�JM^me | P`HKP=H@P`r 5#D | JZ­@D(t |�};}M}�~ zX��PIrYW`]yLZ^_c(D�dQ@�@^m]�FXJZQ@�(JZH@N NO^dPX�rY��#X�¢TZFXJZQ�c�^mrYD:eoHK�d�@Q(JM^_L | NOe/LMQ2�_D:HKJZP5JMWX�dD;e;t HK�mesQ�DemYFXJMD:eMeMD;r'^_P'�dQ@�(^d]@tUS�JZQ@N eMW`] | JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�rXH�LfH_z p WX�@�(�_DGLMQ@P t�192:261 ~ t�F�Q(eZes^d�X�dh LZQ@�(DaL | DGJ {R^_L | �IH@]f­��@JZQ@WXPIr ­�PXQ�{R�dD;rY�(DRDdmYFXJZD;eZesD:rOH@eH3�dQ@�@^m]�F`JMQ(�@JfHKN�zK�#X ¢2eshYesLMD;NOeVQ@F�DGJfH�LZD���hjesD:HKJf] | ^_P`� HeMF`H@]GD\QKS8F�Q(eZeM^_�X�dD\�dQ@�(^d];HK�IJMWX�dD;e;t�_Q�Q(­�^dPX��S�Q@JRJZWX�dD;e�L | H�L\eZ]aQ@JZD#{VD;�_� H(]G]GQ@JfrY^_P`� LZQOeMQ@NOD�NOD;H(esWXJZD�QKSW^XLRLMQOL | DrXH�LfHXz¡EWXJ:^`JfesL �_D:HKJZPX^dPX�=S�JfHKNODG{�Q@JZ­ {�Q@JZ­�e^_P Li{�Q esLMDGFIeGzl¤�^dJfeiL:t�{�D/�dD;HKJZP"JMW`�_D:e3LMQ�FXJZD;rY^m]yL{ | DaL | DGJ H@P H@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_Lih3^de NjHK�d^d�@P`H@P(L:z�k�DRDem�LMDGPIrL | DRQ@JZ^_�(^_PIHK�YrXH�LfHK�`H(esD���h^dP(LZJMQYrYWI]yn

Page 7: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� ����;*�3��B0�����.;�����8 �����3$ �

^dPX��L | DOPXD;{ JZWX�_D:e�H@e �!�!��g � g����� ���dh � ���hdjfz�p=Q(JMD FXJZD;]G^deMDG�dh@t�D;H(] | JZWX�_D {R^d�_��]aQ(JMJZD;eMF�Q@P`rLZQH3�X^dP`HKJZhS�D:H�LZWXJMD�eMW`] | L | H�LU^_L LfHK­@D:e L | D�c�HK�dWXD � ��ph\^_S�L | D���QYrYh@t(Q@JU]GQ@P`rY^_LM^dQ@P t@QKS�L | DJZWX�dD^meEeZH�LZ^de^`D;r8t�H@P`r�� � � jdh Q@L | D;JM{R^meMD@z`k�DL | DGP�JMW`P=L | D � Hwh@D;eM^mHKP�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­�esLMJZW`]aLMWXJZD�dD;H@JMP`^_PX� HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N�t�HK�d�_Q�{R^dPX�^_L LMQ�W`esDEL | D;eMDEPXD;{5S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e�^dP�H(rXrY^_LM^dQ@P/LZQ L | D#Q@JZ^_�(^_P`H@�S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGzX[�D:]yLZ^_Q(P 1(z ;PXQKLZD;eUL | D�JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`e | ^_F/Q@S L | D#H@FXFXJZQ(H(] | LMQ D;H@JM�d^_D;JU{�Q@JZ­OQ@Po�#X�¢S�Q(J S�D;HKLMWXJZD3]aQ@PIeiLZJMW`]aLM^dQ@P8z��D;�_Q�{�{�D\e | Q�{�H�es^dNOFX�dD\JZWX�_DE�_D:HKJZPXD;rO��hjHKPj�#X�¢%eMhYeiLZDGN�z�n | D\JZWX�_DE]aQ�c@D;JZe 0� 3F�Q(eM^gLZ^_c(DDemXHKNOFX�dD;e�HKP`r�1 | �3P`DG�(HKLM^dc@D�DemXHKNOFX�dD;e;z�n | ^meVJMWX�dDE];HKP/P`Q�{5�ID#W`eMD;r/H(eVH ^`DG�mr/^dP�H PXDG{c�^dDG{ QKSlL | DrXHKLZH@�`H@eMD@tYHKPIr�]GQ@P`eMD�[�WXD;P�LM�dh/H@eRH PXDG{ S�D;HKLMWXJZD�^_P�L | D� Hwh@D;eM^mHKPoP`DaLi{�Q@JZ­�z��������������������� �!�"�#�$��������%��&���(' �����#��)*�������"%����+���,��-/.�1032*����2�2�4&),��25�&���(��2��6���$)�������7�8'97+�+���&���"��2:�+������;&)��<�+�����+�6�������"��� �&=>8��=?032@������%$�"��2*����)A2�B���7�4����+�&)�C18D�+�&C��=E;&��25�&�<�+�$7�;F����)�7���4������*C$��2��&�����$�6�+�HG

`\QKLZDRL | HKL L | D\�mH@esL Li{VQ3�d^dPXD;eUQKS�L | D�JMW`�_D�JZDaS�D;J�LMQ QKL | DGJUJZQ�{�e�Q@S�L | D�JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�YLfHK�X�dDRS�Q(JH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e�^dPjL | DErXHKLZHK�IH@eMD@z � DGP`]GDRL | ^deVJMW`�_DEDGP`]GQ�rXD;e ^dPYS�Q(JMNjH�LZ^_Q(PjPXQKL�HwcwH@^_�mHK�`�_DRLZQL | D]aW`JMJZDGP�LRc@D;JZeM^_Q(PoQ@S L | D��Hwh(D;eM^dH@PoPXDGLi{VQ(JM­{z C#Hwc�^me DaL\H@�Bzdt |�};} 4K� ~ z

FHGJI I�J U K;U���KMLON * �wL U�%!��J/K+P

n | DqFXWXJZF�Q(eMD;e/Q@S�L | D�DdmYFID;JM^dNODGP�LZe�{�Dq]aQ(P`rYW`]aLMD;r HKJZD=Li{VQ@nBS�Q(�dr8zV¤l^_JfesL;tU{�Dq{ HKP�L/LZQrXDaLMD;JMNO^dPXD\^_S W`eM^dPX�O[X��X h�^dDG�mrXe HKP/^dNOFXJMQ�c(DGNODGP�LV]GQ@NOF`H@JMD:r LMQ FXJMQ(FIQ�es^_LM^dQ@PIHK�`�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�Iz[YD;]aQ(P`rY�dh@tX{�D{ HKP�LRLMQoDGc�HK�dW`H�LZD3{ | DaL | DGJE{VDeMDGDH@P=^_NOFXJZQ�c@D;NODGP�LR{ | DGP=NOQ�c�^_P`�jWXF H�dDGc(DG� ^dP/L | D | ^_D;JZH@JZ] | h Q@WYLZ�_^dPXD;ro^_P�¤l^_�(WXJZD 1@z | zY¤l^dJZesL;t�{�D�LMJZhOLMQ �dD;HKJZP�H esLMJZW`]yLZWXJMDE{R^gL |v WIeiLOL | D�Q(JM^d�@^dP`H@��HKLsLMJZ^d�XWYLMD:erY X DGc@D;� | Z HKP`r2esD;D�^_S\L | H�LjF�DGJMS�Q@JZNje���DaLMLMD;JOL | H@P2W`eM^dPX�L | D�DdmYFID;JsL/esLMJZW`]yLZWXJZDo{R^_L | LMJfHK^dPXD;r%F`HKJfHKNODaLZDGJfe7Y X8D;c@DG� 1"ZyzP`�Dem�L:t {VD�H@rXr2HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMDS�D:H�LZWXJMD:eVLMQ Q@WXJ PXDGLi{VQ(JM­ t�JMD;FXJMD:esD;P�LM^dPX��eMWXNONjHKJZ^_D:eVQ@SlH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:e S�Q(WXP`r�DG^_L | D;J ^_P�HFIHKJMLM^m]aWX�mHKJ�NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N�Q@J�S�Q(J H�F`HKJMLM^m]aW`�dH@J�F`H�LZ^_D;P(L:zMn | ^me ]aQ(JMJZD;eMF�Q@P`rXelLZQ X8D;c@DG� �3H@P`r{�DjLZD;esL�{ | DGL | D;J L | ^de ^_NOFXJZQ�c@D:e3Q�c@D;JEX8D;c@D;�de 1oHKP`r | z�¤l^dP`HK�d�dh@tl{VD/^dP�c@D:eiLZ^_��H�LMD/rXQ@^dPX�X DGc(DG� 0��_D:HKJZPX^dPX��L | JZQ@WX� | L | DOLi{�QKn�eiLZDGF"HK�d�@Q@JZ^_L | N H@P`r"]aQ@NOF`H@JMD ^_LZe3F�DGJMS�Q@JZNjHKP`]GD�LZQX DGc(DG�me 1EL | JZQ@WX� | �`zk�D"DdmYF�DGJZ^_NODGP�LZD;r {R^gL | H P�WXN ��DGJ=Q@S esLMJZW`]yLZWXJZD��dD;H@JMPX^dPX��HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | NjeoS�Q@J � Hwh@D:es^mHKP`\DaLi{�Q@JZ­YeGt ^dP`]a�dW`rY^dPX�r`\H"Q R_c(D � Hwh(D;e;t�n�JZDGDOu�WX�(N D;P�LMD;r `EHSQ Rdc@DO� Hwh@D;e6z ¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP�DaL HK� zdt1�232�; ~ tXHKP`r�L | D�[�F`H@JZeMD�T�HKPIrY^dr`H�LMDu\�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N z ¤`JM^dD;rYNjH@P�DGLEHK� zdt&192:232@� ~ z � Q�{VD;c@D;J;tY{�DQ(�YLZH@^_P`D;r#L | D �ID:eiLlJMD:esW`�gLfe�{R^gL | L | Dln�u9`%H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N ^dPHK�d�@Dem�F�DGJZ^dN D;P�LZe;t;eMQ�{VD�{R^d�d�@S�QY]aWIeQ(WXJrY^meM]GW`eZes^dQ@P"Q@P�nlu�` z ��P�Hrnlu�`�PXDGLi{VQ(JM­ t�D:H@] | H�LsLZJM^d�XWYLZDo]GH@P | Hwc@DjH�LNOQ�eiLQ(PXDQ@L | D;JRF`HKJZDGP�LR^dP H@rXrY^_LM^dQ@P�LMQOL | D ]G�dH(eMe c�HKJZ^mHK�X�dD@z n | D nlu�`�NOQYrYD;� ]GH@P���D]aQ(P`esLMJZW`]yLZD;r^dPoF�Q@�dh�PXQ@NO^mHK�ILM^dNODE{R^_L | H�@WIHKJfHKP�LMD;DRL | HKLVL | D#N QYrYD;� NOH�mY^_NO^d¦GD;eUL | D�X Q@�EX ^_­(DG�d^ | Q�QYrQ@S L | D3PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­oesLMJZW`]yLZWXJZD#�(^_c(DGPoL | DrXHKLZH(esDGL:z 5#DG^d�@D;J;t 1�232 | tY¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP�DaL\H@�Bzdt+192:2); ~ z

Page 8: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

��������� <�>Y�;>">X�l�� 7��;�/A8�/AI� AI¨�

k�D ]aQ(�_�dD;]aLMD:r rXHKLZHRS�Q(JlH@�_�YeZ]aJZDGD;PX^_P`�EHKPIr rY^mHK�(PXQ(esLM^m]�NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | hEDemYH@NO^_P`HKLM^dQ@P`e L | H�L{VD;JMD\FID;JsS�Q(JMNOD;r�H�LVL | D�¤XJZQ�D;r�LZDGJML H@P`r/p=D:rY^d];HK�8TVQ@�d�_D;�@DEQKS k5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPo��JMD:H@esLV��NjHK�(^_PX�TVDGP�LMD;J3�IDGLi{VD;DGP"u�FXJZ^d� 4Yt 1�23232�HKP`r"¤`DG�XJZW`HKJZh 2Xt |M}M} 0`z � L^de�^dNOFIQ(JsLfHKP�L�LMQ=PXQ@LMD L | H�LL | D�rXHKLZH�]aQ@PIes^meiLfe QKSEH�JZH(rY^dQ@�dQ@�@^mesL�� e^dP(LZDGJZFXJZDaLZHKLM^dQ@P2QKSEH�NjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN H@P`r�PXQ@L�L | DJZHw{�^dNjHK�@D#rXH�LfHXz n | D#JZH(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLVJMD;FIQ(JsLfeV]GQ@PYS�Q(JMNOD;rjLMQL | D `\H�LZ^_Q(P`HK��p H@NON Q(�@JfHKF | hCEHKLZH@�`H@eMD�Y `\p C Z esLZHKPIrXHKJfrD:eiLfHK�X�d^de | D:r��h3L | D u\NODGJZ^d];HKPOTVQ(�_�dDG�(DVQ@S���H(rY^dQ@�dQ@�@h(z:¤`JMQ(NL | D:esD\JMD;FIQ(JsLfeGt({VDRS�Q(�_�dQ�{�D;r�L | DEQ@JZ^_�(^_PIHK�XPXDGLi{VQ(JM­Dz ��WXJZP`eM^drXD\DaL�HK� z_t |�};}M}�~ LZQ�]GWX�_�`L | D ���S�D;HKLMWXJZD;eRrYD;DGNOD;roLMQj��D3JZDG�dDGc�HKP�LR��ho]aQ@n H@WYL | Q(JR�VW`JMP`eM^mrYD@tXH@P�Dem�F�DGJML�NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | DGJ:zn Q DGc�H@�_W`HKLMD�HKPIr ]aQ(NOF`HKJZD L | D;eMD�HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | D:eGt {VD W`eMD;r eiLZJZHKLM^b^`D;r 1 } nBS�Q(�dr ]aJZQ(eZeinc�HK�d^drXHKLM^dQ@P8zRk�D JfHKP`rYQ(NO�_h rX^_c�^mrYD;r L | D�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_LM^dD;e�^dP�LMQ 1 } JZQ@WX� | �_h D�[�W`HK�_n�es^d¦GD:resDGLZe;t�D;H(] | {R^_L | HKF`FXJMQ"mY^dNjH�LMD;�_h=Q(PXDan LMD;P�L | QKSVL | DjNjHK�d^d�@P`H@P(LH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:e3HKP`r�Q@P`DanLMD;P(L | QKS L | D\��DGPX^d�@P/H@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e;z@k | D;P/DGc�HK�dW`HKLM^dPX� v W`esLUL | D\esLMJZW`]yLZWXJMD\�_D:HKJZPX^_P`� HKP`rHK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P8tIPX^dPXDOS�Q@�mrXe�{�DGJZD�W`eMD;r�S�Q(J�L | D LMJfHK^dPX^dPX�=esDGL;z�k | D;P"FID;JsS�Q(JMNO^dPX�=HK�@�(JMD;�(HKnLM^dQ@P8t�{�D W`eMD;rq�X^_P`PX^_P`�oLZQ�rY^meM]GJMDGLM^d¦GD L | DO]aJZD;HKLMD;r=S�D;H�LZWXJZD;e;zIk�D LZQ�Q@­=]GH@JMD3LZQ�Q(PX�dh�WIesDL | D3DemXHKNOFX�dD;eVS�JMQ(N L | D�LMJfHK^dPX^dPX�jesDGL�LZQ/rYDaLZDGJZNO^_PXD#L | D3�X^dP�{R^mr�L | eGz`k | DGP�F�DGJMS�Q@JZN ^dPX�c�^_D;{5�_D:HKJZPX^_P`�`t�{VD | H@r/Li{VQ eiLZDGF`e�^dP/L | DE�dD;H@JMPX^dPX��FXJMQY]GD;eZeGz(��P/L | D�^`JfesL�F`H@JsL:t@S�Q(WXJ�S�Q@�mrXeQKS\rXHKLZH�{VD;JMDoW`esD:r LZQq�dD;HKJZP L | D��#X�¢ JZWX�dD;e;z/n | D�JZDGNjHK^dPX^dPX�r^`c(DoS�Q(�dr`e {�DGJZDoW`eMD;r�LMQ�_D:HKJZP/L | D� Hwh@D;e�PXDGL\eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD3HKPIr�FIHKJfHKNODaLZDGJfeGzk | DGP�WIes^dPX� ]aJZQ(eZesn c�HK�d^mrXH�LZ^_Q(P Q@P�H�JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�/rXHKLZH@�`H@eMD@t�L | DGJZD'DdmY^meiLfe Q@P`D5NOH v Q@JNODaL | Q�rXQ@�dQ@�@^m]GH@� FX^gLMS�HK�d�Bz�[�Q@NOD�QKSEL | D ];H@eMD;e NjHwh��ID=JZDG�mH�LZD;r�z�¤`Q@JjDdmXH@N F`�_D(t�{VD�NjHwh| Hwc@DON�WX�gLZ^_F`�_D�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_LM^dD;e#S�Q(J�H=eM^_PX�(�_DjFIH�LM^dDGP�L:z���D;];HKW`eMDOL | D:esD�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�_^_LM^dD;eH@JMDJMD;�dHKLMD:r Y�eZHKNOD FIH�LM^dDGP�L'Zyt | Hwc�^_P`��eMQ@NOD Q@S�L | D:esD ^_PqL | D�LMJfHK^dPX^dPX��eMDaL3HKPIr=QKL | DGJfe\^dP L | DLMD:eiL�esDGL\NjHwh�];HKW`eMDW`e�LMQoF�DGJMS�Q@JZN �IDGLsLMD;JEQ(P�L | Q�esD LMD:eiL�]GH@eMD;eRL | H@P {VD {VQ(WX�dr�DemYFID:]yLLMQ2FID;JsS�Q(JMN Q@P ];H@eMD;e/S�Q@JoQ@L | D;J�FIH�LM^dDGP�LfeGzRn Q2Hwc@Q@^mr5eMW`] | �s�dD;H@­wH@�@D �"QKS^dPYS�Q@JZNjH�LM^dQ@P^_P�LZQ�HjLZJZH@^_P`^_PX��esDGL;t {�D DGPIesWXJZD;r=L | HKL�H@�_� HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;eEH@eZesQY]G^dHKLMD;r {R^gL | H/FIHKJMLM^m]aWX�mHKJF`H�LZ^_D;P�L {�DGJZD�FX�dH(]aD:r�^dP�LMQ#L | D eZHKNOD�S�Q@�mr�S�Q@J�]aJZQ(eZesn c�HK�d^mrXH�LZ^_Q(P8z:u\PXQKL | DGJUFIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�YFX^gLMS�HK�d�^deVL | H�LR{�DENjHwhO�_D:HKJZP�H�JMW`�_DEL | HKL�F`JMD:rY^d]aLZe HKP�HK�`PXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLih�LMQO��DENjHK�d^d�@P`H@P(L �`H(esD:r/Q@PFXJZQ@F�DGJMLM^dD;eEQKSVH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:e�^dP ��� ��h���NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKNjeGzIk�DOD;P`esW`JMD:r�L | HKL3{VD�{R^_�d� PXDGc(DGJFXJZD;rY^m]yL�L | D�esLZH�LZW`e�QKS�H@P�H@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLihOH�LRH��@^dc@DGP�rXH�LZDE�`H(esD:r/Q(P_^`P`rY^dPX��eVJZD;]GQ@JfrYD;rjS�Q@J�dHKLMD;J�rXH�LZD;e;z

�������� ����� �"A�>��w����AI�o�E>��:���U7�?I7��RA����U7�>Y����AB��¨

�U7�?I7�� ��� §\>X�w>`ª�7��;7����U7�>Y���lA��l¨ � k�D�D;esLM^dNOHKLMD:r5L | DqF`H@JZH@N DGLMD;JZeoQKSL | D�DemYFID;JsLeiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD3S�JZQ@N L | D�rXHKLZH@eMDaLEW`es^dPX��NOH�mY^_N�WXN �d^d­@DG�d^ | Q�Q�r D;esLM^dNOHKLMD:e�{R^_L | X�HKFX�mH@]GD ]aQ(JsnJMD:]yLZ^_Q(P8z`� L | H@e\�ID;DGP�FXJMD;c�^_Q(W`es�dhoP`QKLMD:r�L | H�L��_D:HKJZPX^_P`�jL | D�F`HKJfHKNODGLMDGJfeRQ@S�L | D PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­^_NOFXJZQ�c@D:e F�DGJMS�Q@JZNjHKP`]GD�Q�c@D;J | Hwc�^dPX�DdmYF�DGJML rXDd^`PXD:r/FXJZQ@�IHK�X^d�_^_LM^dD;eV^dPoD;H(] | PXQYrYD,z ��WXJZPYnes^mrYD�DaL\H@�Bzdt |�};} 0�H ~ z

�U7�?I7�� �� ¬��;�����@�;���w7��V7�>Y����AB��¨ � n | D JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�lrXHKLZH@�`H@eMDS�Q(J\L | DONOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | hrXH�LfH�]GQ@P�LZH@^_PIeVQ(PXD�JMQ�{�S�Q(JRD;H(] | HK�`PXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLihjrYD:eM]GJM^d�ID:roQ(P�H NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N�z�¤l^_D;�dr`e ^_PL | ^me JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK�ILZHK�`�_D�^dP`]a�dW`rYD3HK�d� L | Q(eMD#e | Q�{RP�^_P�L | D3� Hwh@D:es^mHKPoPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­OQKSl¤l^d�@WXJZD 1@z=1@z

Page 9: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� ����;*�3��B0�����.;�����8 �����3$ �

...

... ... ... ... ...

P1 1 5/02 S

P1 2 5/04 V

P1 3 5/04 S

Patient Abnormality Date Mass Shape ... Mass Size Location Average Average Be/Mal

Mass Size Mass Size

pic ... 0.03 RU4 0.0367 0.03 B

pic ... 0.04 LL4 0.0367 0.04 B

ar ... 0.04 RU4 0.0367 0.04 M

... ......

Patient Mammogram

...

��� ��� �)��� CEHKLZH@�`H@eMDjH�S LMD;Ju��(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P Q(P�pqH@eZe[�^_¦;D/¤l^_D;�dr�zW`�QKLZD L | D/H(rXrY^_LM^dQ@P"QKSLi{�Q�PXDG{ ^`D;�dr`eGt u\c@D;JZH@�@Dj¢�H�LZ^_D;P(Lp H(eMe�[�^_¦;D/HKP`r"u\c@DGJfHK�(D pqHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN p H@eZe [�^d¦GD(t{ | ^d] | JMD;FXJZD;eMDGP�L�HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLMD�S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGz

n | DGJZDaS�Q@JZD#^gL�^meReiLZJZH@^_� | LsS�Q@JZ{ HKJfrOLMQOW`eMD�DdmY^desLM^dPX�j� Hwh@D:es^mHKP�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­/eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD��dD;HKJZPX^dPX�H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | NjeVLMQO�_D:HKJZP�H F�Q(eZes^d�X�dho^dNOFXJMQ�c(D;r�eiLZJMW`]aLMWXJZD#S�Q@J L | D� Hwh@D;eM^mHKPoP`DaLi{�Q@JZ­�z

�V7�?I7���� � � ¨�¨`��7�¨�>Y�;7 �V7�>X�w�lA��l¨ � k�D3eMDG�dD;]yLZD;r�L | D3P�W`N D;JM^m],Y�D(z �Iz�L | DeM^_¦;D�QKS�NjH(eMe ZH@P`r Q(JZrYD;JMD:r�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e7Y�D@z �`z�L | D�rYD;P`eM^gLih"QKS\HqNjH@eZe%Z^_P L | D�r`H�LZH@�`H@eMDoH@P`r�]aQ(NOFXWYLMD:rH@�@�(JMD;�(H�LZD;eoS�Q@J=D:H@] | QKS L | D:esD"S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGzR��P H@�_� t�{�D rYDaLZDGJZN ^dPXD:r L | HKL | ;%QKS L | D ���HKLsLZJM^d�XWYLZD;e�{�DGJZD�eMWX^_LZHK�`�_D"S�Q(J�H@�@�(JMD;�(H�LZ^_Q(P8z�k�D�]GQ@NOFXWYLZD;r HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLMD;e�Q@P ��QKL | L | DFIH�LM^dDGP�LOHKP`r�L | DoNjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N �dDGc(DG� z ¡EP L | DoF`HKLM^dDGP�L��dDGc(DG� t {�D/�dQ�Q(­@D:r H�L�H@�_��QKS L | DH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;eVS�Q@J�HOeMFID:]a^b^I]�F`H�LZ^_D;P�L;z�¡EP�L | D3NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKN��dDGc@D;�BtY{�D3Q@P`�_ho]GQ@P`eM^mrYDGJZD;rL | DEH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e F`JMD:esD;P(LVQ@PjL | H�L esF�D;]G^]^I]\NjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN�zMn�Q�rX^deZ]aJZDaLZ^_¦;DRL | D�Hwc@D;JZH@�@D:eGt{�D rY^dc�^mrYD:r D:H@] | JfHKP`�@D�^_P�LMQ L | JMD;D"�X^_PIeGz�¤`Q@J��X^dP`HKJZh5S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e�{�D"W`esD:r F`JMD:rYDd^`P`D;r�`^_P es^d¦GD:eGt#{ | ^d�_D%S�Q@J�L | D QKL | DGJ�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e�{VD H�LMLMDGNOFYLZD;r LMQ �@DaL�D�[�W`H@��P�WXN��ID;JZe�QKSH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e�^dPD;H(] | �X^dP8z:¤`Q@JlHK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@PES�WXP`]yLZ^_Q(P`e�{VDVW`esD:r�NjH�mY^_N�WXN�HKP`r Hwc@DGJfHK�(D@zn | D/HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@P ^dP�LMJZQ�rXW`]aD:r | ;��<0��$1 } �P`DG{ S�D;H�LZWXJZD;e;z�n | DOS�Q@�d�dQ�{R^_PX��F`H@JZH@�@JfHKF |F`JMD:esD;P(Lfe�S�WXJML | D;J�rYDaLfHK^d�de Q@SlQ(WXJ�HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@PjFXJZQY]aD:eMe;zk�D=W`eMD;r�H�L | JMD;Dan�eiLZDGF FXJMQY]GD;eZe LMQ�]aQ(P`esLMJZW`]yLoH@�@�@JZDG��H�LZD/S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e;z ¤l^_JfesL;t {�D ] | Q(eMD=H^IDG�mr=LMQ�HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMD(zI[�D;]GQ@P`r8t�{�D�eMDG�dD;]aLMD:r HKP�HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@P�S�WXP`]yLZ^_Q(P8zHn | ^dJZr8tI{�D�P`DGD;rXD;rLZQorYD:]a^mrYD Q�c(DGJR{ | ^m] | JZQ�{�e�LMQ�H@�@�(JMD;�(H�LZD\L | DS�D:H�LZWXJMD(tXL | H�L#^de;t`{ | ^m] | ­(DGhYeRQ@JE�_^dPX­YeRLZQS�Q(�_�dQ�{3z n | ^de ^me�­�PXQ�{RP�H(eVH es�dQKLR] | H@^_P�^_P�¢U��p LMD;JMNO^dPXQ@�dQ@�(huz ¤XJZ^dD;rYNjHKP�DaL�HK� zdt�1�232:2@H ~ z��P=Q(WXJEr`H�LZH@�`H@eMD@tXLi{VQoeMW`] | �d^_P`­�eEDdmY^meiL:z�n | D F`H�LZ^_D;P(L#�iC ^IDG�mr HK�d�_Q�{�e\H@]G]GD;eZe LMQ�HK�d�8L | DH@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e\S�Q@J�Ho�(^_c(DGP F`HKLM^dDGP�L;t FXJZQ�c�^drX^_PX��HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P�Q@PqL | D F`HKLM^dDGP�L#�dDGc(DG� zon | DeMD;]GQ@P`r�­@D;h/^me L | D]GQ@N��X^_PIH�LM^dQ@P�QKS F`HKLM^dDGP�L��iC H@P`roNjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKN rXHKLMD(tX{ | ^m] | JZDaLZWXJMPIeH@�_�RH@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:eS�Q(JjHqF`HKLM^dDGP�LOQ@P2H�eMFID:]a^b^I]�NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKN�tlFXJMQ�c�^mrY^dPX��H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZ^_Q(PQ(P L | DoNjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N �dDGc(DG� z/n�Q�rYD;NOQ@P`esLMJfH�LZDjL | ^me FXJZQ�]GD;eZeGt�{VD�{R^_�d��{VQ(JM­�L | Q(WX� | HKPDemXHKNOFX�dD=QKS]aQ(N F`WYLM^dPX�%H@P�H@�@�(JMD;�(H�LZDoS�D:H�LZWXJMD S�Q@J/F`HKLM^dDGP�L 1 ^dP�L | DqrXH�LfHK�`H(esD=�(^_c(DGP^dP5¤l^_�(WXJMD 1(z�1(z�k�Dq{R^_�d�EH@�@�@JZDG��H�LZDoQ@P L | Dqp H(eMe/[�^d¦GD{^`DG�mr�HKP`r W`eMD Hwc@D;JZH@�@D�H@e L | D

Page 10: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P�S�WXP`]aLM^dQ@P8z8¢�HKLM^dDGP�L 1 | H(eEL | JZDGDOHK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e;t�Q@PXD�S�JMQ(N HoNjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKN^_P�p Hwh |�}M}�| HKP`rjLi{VQ3S�JZQ@N�H NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKN ^_P�p Hwh |�}M} 0`zMn�Q�];HK�m]aWX�mH�LZD�L | DEH@�@�@JZDG��H�LZDQ@PoL | D�F`HKLM^dDGP�LR�_D;c@DG� t�{VD�Hwc@D;JZH@�@DRL | D3es^d¦GDES�Q@JRH@�_��L | JMD;D�H@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e;t({ | ^m] | ^de#z } ����;�zn Q4^`P`r�L | D�H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZD#Q(P�L | D�NjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN �_D;c@D;� S�Q(J\F`HKLM^dDGP�L 1@t�{�D | Hwc@D�LZQoF�DGJMS�Q@JZNLi{VQ eMDGF`H@JZHKLMD�]aQ(N F`WYLZHKLM^dQ@P`e;z ¤l^_JfeiL:t {�D�S�Q(�_�dQ�{ L | D �d^_P`­2¢ 1�HKPIr 4�~ }�| t { | ^m] | h�^dDG�mrXeHK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_Lih 1@zcn | D=Hwc(DGJfHK�@DoS�Q@J L | ^dej­(DGh NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@N ^dejeM^dN F`�_h'z } �`zU[�D;]GQ@P`r8t�{VDS�Q@�d�_Q�{ L | DO�d^_PX­�¢ 1OHKP`r 4(~ } 0`t�{ | ^m] | h�^dDG�mrXe3HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e | HKP`r �Xzon | DjHwc(DGJfHK�@DS�Q@JL | D:esD HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;eE^me�z } 0IzwnlHK�`�_D 1@z | e | Q�{�e�L | DOrXH�LfHK�`H(esD S�Q@�d�_Q�{R^dPX��]GQ@P`esLMJZW`]aLM^dQ@P Q@SL | D:esD3H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZD�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e;z

�U7�?I7�� ��� =�AB7�� �U7�>Y���lA��l¨ � k�DW`eMD;r�L | D�#X ¢ eshYesLMDGN�u��dDGF | z [�JZ^dPX^_c�H(eMH@P8t |�};} 1 ~ LMQ^_NOFX�dDGNOD;P(LaX8D;c@DG�)0��dD;H@JMPX^dPX�Iz;u��dDGF | { H@e H(es­(D;r#LZQ��_D:HKJZPJZWX�_D:e8FXJZD;rX^d]aLM^dc@DUQ@SYNOH@�_^d�@PIHKP`]Gh@zk�D3^dP�LMJZQYrYW`]aD:r/L | JZDGD�PXDG{ ^dP(LZDGP`eM^dQ@P`H@� LZHK�`�_D:e ^_P�LMQ/u\�_D;F | � eR�`H(]f­��(JMQ(WXP`rj­�PXQ�{R�dD;rX�@D#LMQLZH@­@D3H@rYc�H@P(LfHK�(DEQ@S�JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK� ^_PXS�Q@JZNOHKLM^dQ@P8z1@z)n | D B����6��� '���������%��&��� JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P/]aQ@P`PXD;]aLZeV^_PYS�Q(JMNjHKLM^dQ@PoH@�IQ(WYL H@P�h F`JM^dQ@J�HK�XPXQ(JMNjH@�gn^gLih/L | HKL\H��(^_c(DGP�F`H�LZ^_D;P�L�NOHwh | Hwc@D(z| z)n | D 2+���$) ����76�����6�+� JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(Po^meRH�eMFID:]a^b^I]GHKLM^dQ@P�QKS8L | D3FXJZDGc�^dQ@W`eVFXJZD;rY^m]GHKLMD@zY� L�H(rXrXeL | D�JMD:eiLZJM^m]yLZ^_Q(P L | HKLoL | DqFXJZ^_Q(J�H@�XPXQ@JZNjHK�d^gLih2N W`esLo��Dq^dP5L | D�eZHKNOD �dQ�];H�LZ^_Q(P'H@ejL | D]aWXJZJZDGP�L�H@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_Lih@z���H@rX^_Q(�_Q(�@h=JZDGF�Q@JMLZe#^_PI]a�dW`rYDj^dPYS�Q@JZNjH�LM^dQ@P"HK��Q@WXL#L | Dj�dQ�];H�LZ^_Q(P�Q@SHK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e;z�Xz)n | D �"� ������) '&�������+%��&��� JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P"^dP`]aQ(JMF�Q@JfH�LZD;e3^dPYS�Q@JZNjH�LZ^_Q(P�HK��Q@WYL QKL | DGJ�H@�XPXQ(JsnNjHK�d^gLZ^_D:eRH�FIH�LM^dDGP�L�NjHwh | Hwc(DEQ(P�L | D]GWXJMJZDGP�L NjHKNONOQ@�@JfHKN�z��h rYDGS�HKWX�_L;t�u��dDGF | ^deVesDGLUWXFjLZQ�@D;PXDGJfH�LZDRJMWX�dD;e L | HKLU{�Q@WX�mr S�WX�d�_hODdmYFX�mHK^dPOL | D�DdmXHKNOFX�dD;e;z��P�]GQ@P�LMJfH@esL;twQ@W`J��(Q(HK��{ H@e LMQ�Ddm�LZJZH(]yL�JZWX�dD;e�L | H�L�{VQ(WX�mr��D���DGP`Dd^I]G^dH@�XH@elPXDG{%c�^dDG{�e;z�n | DNjH v Q@JVFXJZQ@�X�dDGN ^dP/^_NOFX�dDGNOD;P(LZ^_P`�6X DGc@D;�80��_D:HKJZPX^dPX�{ H@e����i � �jdh �bh ��� ���bh'j����� �ci�6� �� h'j�� � � �bh�,h���� �Whef"h ���6g �"� �� � �Vg� �`z`TV�dD;H@JM�dh@t�u��dDGF | � eUesLZH@P`rXH@JZrO]aQ�c(DGJfHK�(D H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N{�H(e PXQ@L�rYD:es^d�@P`D;rOS�Q(J L | ^de HKF`FX�_^m]GHKLM^dQ@P8z(��P`esLMD;H(r�t�{VD#] | Q(eMDRLMQE^`JfeiL�DGP�WXNODGJfH�LZDEH@eUNjHKP�hJMW`�_D:e QKS�^dP�LMD;JMD:eiL�H@e F�Q(eZeM^_�X�dD@tIHKP`roL | D;P=] | Q(eMD�^_P�LMD;JMD:eiLZ^_P`� JZWX�dD;e;z��PQ@JfrYD;J�LMQ�Q(�YLZH@^_P�HRc�HKJZ^_D:r3esDGL�QKSXJZWX�dD;e;tG{�D JfHKPu��dDGF | WXP`rYD;J �"�&C�4�76) ����� S�Q@J�D;H(] | S�Q@�mr�z� ��C�4�7+) ����� W`eMD;eRD;c@D;JMh/F�Q(eM^_LM^dc@D�DdmXHKNOFX�dD3^dP�D:H@] | S�Q@�mr=H@eRHjeMDGD:r/S�Q(JRL | DeMD;H@JZ] | zXu��mesQPXQKLZDL | H�L �S�&C�4�7+) ����� rYQ�D;eEPXQKL�rY^deZ]GH@JZr�F`JMD;c�^dQ@WIes�dh�]GQ�c@D;JMD:r�DdmXHKNOFX�dD;eE{ | DGP�eM]GQ@JZ^_PX�H PXDG{�]a�mHKW`eMD@z`[YDGc@D;JZH@� L | Q(W`eZHKP`r�rY^meiLZ^_P`]aL\JZWX�_D:e {VD;JMD��dD;H@JMPXD:r/S�Q(J�D;H(] | S�Q(�dr8tX{R^gL | D;H@] |JMW`�_D�]aQ�c(DGJZ^_PX��NjHKP�h/NOQ@JZDENjH@�_^d�@P`H@P�L ];H@eMD;eVL | H@P Y�^_PI]aQ@JZJZD;]yLZ�_h/]GQ�c@D;JM^dPX��Z �ID;PX^d�@P=]GH(esD:eGzk�DEHwc@Q@^mr�L | DEJMW`�_D�Q�c(DGJ�^XLsLZ^_P`��S�Q@WXP`r/��h QKL | DGJ�HKWYL | Q@Jfe�z ¢ DGJZ�_^m] | HKP`rj¢UJMQ�c(Q(esL;t |M}M} � ~ ��hrYQ@^dPX�O�XJZD;H(r�L | nV^`JfeiLReMD;HKJf] | S�Q(JRJMW`�_D:eRHKP`r���h | Hwc�^dPX�jH�NO^dPX^dNOH@�8�d^_NO^_L�Q@P�]aQ�c@D;JZH@�@D(z£UH(] | eMDGD:r��@D;PXDGJfH�LZD;r�HKP�h�{ | DGJZD#S�JMQ(N ¦;DGJZQOLMQjLZDGP`eEQKS L | Q@W`eZHKPIrXeRQKS JZWX�dD;e;z`u\r`rY^_P`��HK�d�JMW`�_D:e {�Q@WX�mr NOD;H@P%^dP�LMJZQ�rXW`]a^dPX� L | Q@WIeMH@P`rXe�QKS\Q@S LMDGP2JMD:rYWXP`r`HKP�L�S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGzlk�D�^dNOFX�_DGnNODGP�LMD:roL | D�S�Q@�d�dQ�{R^_PX�OHK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N�}1@z k�D eZ]GH@PXPXD;rqHK�d��JZWX�dD;eE�_Q�Q@­�^dPX�jS�Q(J#rYW`FX�_^m]GHKLMD:e#H@P`r�S�Q(JEJZWX�dD;e\L | HKL#F�DGJMS�Q@JZNOD;r={�Q@JfesDL | H@P%H=NOQ@JZD/�(DGPXD;JZH@� JMW`�_D(z/n | ^me eiLZDGF%eM^_�(PX^b^I]GH@P(LZ�_h�JMD:rYW`]GD;r"L | DoP�WXN��ID;J�Q@S JZWX�dD;e LMQ]aQ(P`es^mrYD;J;z

Page 11: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� ����;*�3��B0�����.;�����8 �����3$ � �

| z k�DeMQ@JMLMD:roJZWX�dD;eRH@];]aQ(JZrY^dPX��LMQ L | DG^dJ�N n D:eiLZ^_NjH�LZD@z�`z k�D=W`eMD;r H"�@JZDGD:rYh�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N L | HKL/FX^d]f­Ye L | D=JMW`�_D�{R^_L | L | D | ^_� | D;esL/N n D:eiLZ^_NjH�LZDeMW`] | L | HKLR^gL�]aQ�c(DGJfeVH@P�W`PXDdmYFX�mHK^dPXD;roLMJfHK^dPX^dPX� DdmXHKNOFX�dD@zX¤`WXJsL | DGJZNOQ@JZD@t�D;H(] | JZWX�dD#P`DGD;r`eLZQ#]GQ�c@D;J HEeM^d�@PX^b^I]GH@P�L�P�WXN ��DGJ Q@SXNOH@�_^d�@PIHKP�Ll];H@eMD;e;zBn | ^me eiLZDGF�^de eM^_NO^d�dH@J LZQ�L | D esLZH@P`rXH@JZr�#X�¢'�(JMD;D;rYh�]aQ�c(DGJZ^_PX�/H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N�tIDemX]aDGFXL\L | H�L�{VD rYQoPXQ@LES�Q(�_�dQ�{�L | D�Q(JM^d�@^dP`HK��Q@JfrYDGJEQKSL | DeMDGD;r�DdmXH@N F`�_D:eGz0Iz)X H@esL;tI{VDeZ]GH@PXPXD:r�L | DJZDGNjH@^_PX^dPX�jJZWX�dD;e;tIeMDG�dD;]yLZ^_P`�jL | Q�esD�L | H�L�]aQ�c(DGJZD;r�Hjes^d�@PX^b^I];HKP�LP�WXN��ID;J3QKS�DdmXHKNOFX�dD;e;t8HKP`rqL | H�L{�DGJZDOrX^]\ DGJZDGP�L�S�JMQ(N HK�d��FXJZDGc�^dQ@W`e�JZWX�dD;e;tlhdf�h � ���������� � hdjeh ����h'j i��� � ���� � �f�h � � � � �whei h�� � � ��h'jyz� L ^me�^dNOFIQ(JsLfHKP�L�LMQ3PXQ@LMD L | H�L�L | D�JZWX�_D�eMDG�dD;]aLM^dQ@P {�H(e�HKPjHKWXLMQ@NjHKLMD;r FXJZQY]aD:eMe;z�k�DRF`^d]f­(D;rL | DjLZQ@F 4 } ]G�dH@W`eMD;e3^dP�Q@W`JDdmYF�DGJZ^_NODGP�LfeGt8Q(�YLZH@^_P`D;r�S�JZQ@N FXJZH(]yLZ^d];HK�U]GQ@P`eM^drXDGJfH�LM^dQ@PIe�Q@PL | DEeM^d¦GD\Q@S�L | D#� Hwh@D;eM^mHKPOPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­Ye�{�D\{�Q@WX�mrjPXD;D;rOLZQ�_D:HKJZP8z n | D\JZD;eMWX�_LM^dPX�c�^_D;{�eU{�DGJZDH(rXrYD:r�H(e PXDG{ S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e�LZQ�L | DrXHKLZHK�IH@eMD@z

� � ��� � ©o7�9;�l���:9

k�D�FXJMD:esD;P�L�L | D�JMD:esWX�_LZe�QKS#Q@WXJ�^`JfeiLODdmYF�DGJZ^_NOD;P(L:t�]aQ@NOF`H@JM^dPX� X8DGc(DG�me 1�HKPIr | t W`eM^dPX���QKL | ��¡3T HKP`rqFXJMD:]a^mes^dQ@PXn JZD;];HK�d�l]GWXJMc(D;e;z�¤�^d�@W`JMD 1@z ��e | Q�{�e\L | D/�R¡3T�]aWXJZc@D�S�Q@J�L | D;eMDDemYFID;JM^dNODGP�LZe;t;H@P`r�¤�^d�@W`JMD 1(z 0�e | Q�{�e L | D FXJZD;]G^deM^dQ@PYn JMD:]GH@�_�K]GWXJMc(D;e;zG��D;];HKW`eMD�QKSYQ@W`J es­(DG{�D;r]G�dH(eMeOrY^mesLMJZ^_�XWXLM^dQ@P8t�rYWXD�LZQ�L | D��dH@JM�(DoP�WXN��ID;JjQKS\��DGPX^d�@P�]GH(esD:eGt {�D�F`JMDGS�DGJOFXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYnJZD;];HK�d�]aWXJZc@D:e�Q�c@DGJ=��¡3T ]GWXJZc@D;e���D;];HKW`eMD�L | D;h ��DaLMLMDGJ�e | Q�{ L | D P�WXN��ID;J QKS �iS�H@�deMDH@�dH@JMNje;t �/Q@J#WXPXPXD:]aD;eZeZHKJZh��X^dQ@FIes^dD;e;zwn | DGJZDaS�Q@JZD@tI{VD W`eMD FXJZD;]G^deM^dQ@PYn JMD:]GH@�_�l]aWXJZc@D:eRS�Q@JEL | DJZDGNjH@^_P`rXDGJ QKS\L | D�JMD:esW`�gLfeGz � D;JMD(t�FXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(P�^de L | D�FID;JZ]GDGP�LZH@�@D�QKS#H@�XPXQ(JMNjHK�d^_LM^dD;e L | HKL{�Dq]G�dH(eMeM^]^ID;r5H@eoNjHK�d^_�(P`HKP�LjL | H�L�H@JMD LMJZWX�_h�]GH@P`]aD;JMQ(W`e;zU�RD;];HK�d�\^me/L | D F�DGJf]aD;P(LfHK�(D QKSNjH@�_^d�@P`H@P�LEHK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e�L | HKL#{�DGJZD ]GQ@JZJMD:]yLM�dh�]a�mH@eZes^b^`D;r8z�n�Qo�@D;PXDGJfH�LZD3L | D ]GWXJMc(D;e;t`{�DF�Q�Q@�dD;r�L | DjJMD:esWX�_LZeQ�c@DGJ3H@�_��LZDGP�S�Q@�mrXe3��hqLMJZD;H�LZ^_P`�=D;H@] | FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_Q(P H@e�^_S ^_L | H(r���DGD;P�(DGPXD;JZHKLMD:r S�JZQ@N L | D\eMH@NOD�NOQ�rXDG� z(k�D\eMQ@JMLMD;r L | D�D:eiLZ^_NjH�LZD;eVHKP`rOW`eMD;rjH@�_�IFIQ�eMeM^d�X�_DEesFX�d^_LF�Q@^dP�LZe�LZQ/]aJZD;H�LZD#L | D��@JfHKF | eGz¤l^d�@WXJZD#1@z 4 ]aQ(NOF`HKJZD;e�FID;JsS�Q(JMNjH@P`]aD�S�Q@JjHK�d� �_D;c@D;�de�QKS#�_D:HKJZPX^_P`�`zlk�D=]GH@P%Q(�`esD;JMc(Doc(DGJZheM^d�@PX^b^I]GH@P�L�^dN F`JMQ�c(DGNODGP�LZe�{ | D;P�H@r`rY^_P`�EN�WX�gLZ^gn JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK�(S�D;H�LZWXJZD;e;zwu\�@�(JMD;�(H�LZD;e FXJMQ�c�^mrYDL | DRNOQ(esL �ID;PXDd^`L S�Q@J | ^_� | DGJ JZD;];HK�d�de { | DGJZD;H@e JZWX�dD;e | D;�_Fj^dP L | D\N D:rY^dWXN H@P`r �_Q�{2JZH@PX�@D:eQ@S�JMD:]GH@�_� z�k�D��ID;�_^dDGc(D/L | ^de ^me ��D;];HKW`eMDo�#X�¢ JZWX�_D:e�H@JMDoN Q(JMD�H@];]aWXJfH�LZDjL | H@P L | D�Q@L | D;JS�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGtY�`WYL | Hwc@D��d^_NO^_LMD:r�]GQ�c@D;JZH@�@D@z¤l^d�@WXJZD 1(z ��e | Q�{�eL | D�Hwc@D;JZH@�@DjHKJZD;H=W`P`rYDGJ�L | DoFXJZD;]G^deM^_Q(PYn JMD:]GHK�d�U]GWXJMc(DjS�Q@J D;H(] | �_D;c@D;�Q@S�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�"L | HKL�{�D�rYDe^`PXD:r5^_P ¤�^d�@W`JMD 1(z | zUk�DqQ(PX�_h5]GQ@P`eM^drXDGJ/JZD;];HK�d�de�HK��Q�c@D 4 }�� tH(eS�Q(J L | ^me�H@FXFX�d^d];H�LM^dQ@P%JZH(rY^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiLfe3{�Q@WX�mr ��D�JZD�[�WX^dJMD:r"LMQ�FID;JsS�Q(JMN HKL��dD;H@esL HKL L | ^de�dDGc(DG� z\k�D%S�W`JsL | DGJ�W`eMD�L | D%F`H@^_JZD;r ��n LMD:eiL�LMQ ]aQ@NOF`H@JMD�L | D HKJZD;H@e WXP`rYD;JqL | D ]GWXJZc@DY�JMD:]GH@�_��� } z 4MZ S�Q@JjD;c@DGJZh"S�Q@�mr�z k�D�S�Q@W`P`r%^dNOFXJZQ�c@DGNOD;P(LjQ@S�X8D;c@D;� | Q�c(DGJ_X8D;c@D;� 1�LZQ��D�esLZHKLM^meiLZ^d];HK�d�_h�eM^_�(PX^]^�]GHKP�L\{R^_L | H 232 � �dDGc(DG� Q@S ]aQ@P ^IrYDGPI]aD@z�u\];]aQ@JfrY^dPX�jLZQjL | D�F`HK^dJZD;r�inBLZD;esL�L | D�^dNOFXJZQ�c@DGNOD;P(L�Q@SoX DGc(DG� ��FXJZD;eMDGP�Lfe�HKPj^dN F`JMQ�c(DGNODGP�L�Q�c@D;JcX8DGc(DG� | HKL�L | D 2); �]GQ@P1^�rYDGP`]GD��dDGc(DG� z�¤XWXJML | D;JMNOQ(JMD(t/X DGc@D;�-0�Q�c(DGJ�X DGc(DG� | ^meOes^d�@P`^]^I];HKP�L;t W`eM^dPX� L | D=HKJZD;HW`P`rYDGJUL | D�]aW`JMc(DRN DGLMJZ^d]@t�HKLUL | D 2:2 � �_D;c@DG� z � Q�{VD;c@D;J;t�L | DGJZD\^me P`Q�eM^_�(PX^]^�]GHKP�LVrX^]\ DGJZDGP`]GD��DaLi{�DGD;PDX DGc(DG� �jHKPIr7X DGc@D;� 0`z

Page 12: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

�e� ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

True Positive Rate

False Positive Rate

Level 1 vs Level 2

Level 1Level 2

� �=�8� ����� ��¡3T�TVWXJZc@D:e S�Q@J ¢�HKJfHKNODaLZDGJcX D;HKJZPX^dPX�4Y X DGc(DG�/1BZ�]GQ@NOF`HKJZD;r LZQ [�LZJMWI]yLMW`JMDX8D:HKJZPX^_P`�DY X8DGc(DG� | Zyz

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Precision

Recall

Level 1 vs Level 2

Level 1Level 2

� �=�8� ����� ¢UJMD:]a^mes^dQ@PYn��RD:]GHK�d�UTVWXJZc@D;e#S�Q(J ¢�HKJfHKNODGLMDGJ X8D:HKJZPX^dPX� Y X DGc@D;� 1BZ3]GQ@NOF`H@JMD:rLMQ/[�LZJMW`]aLMWXJZD X8D:HKJZPX^dPX�DY X8D;c@DG� | Zyz

Page 13: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� ����;*�3��B0�����.;�����8 �����3$ �9�

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Precision

Recall

Comparison for All Levels of Learning

Level 1Level 2Level 3

Initial Level 4

�������� ������ ¢ JZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYn ��D;]GH@�_�8TVWXJZc@D:eUS�Q(J\£UH(] | X DGc@D;��QKSaX8D;H@JMP`^_PX�

��P�L | ^de�LfH@eM­�tY]GQ@P`eM^drXDGJZ^_PX� JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK��^_PYS�Q(JMNjHKLM^dQ@Po^meResLM^d�_�8]GJMW`]G^dH@��S�Q@J ^_NOFXJZQ�c�^_P`��F�DGJMS�Q@JMnNjH@P`]aDOes^dP`]GD�L | DOJMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�lH@FXFXJZQ(H(] | D;e\Q@WYLZFID;JsS�Q(JMN�L | DOFXJMQ(FIQ�es^_LM^dQ@PIHK�lN DGL | QYrXe;z�k�DNOQ�eiLZ�_h=eMDGDOes^d�@PX^b^I];HKP�LE^dNOFXJMQ�c(DGNODGP�L�H@eE{VD NOQ�c@D3L | DO�_D:HKJZPX^_P`� | ^dDGJfHKJf] | h�Q@WXLM�d^_PXD:r ^dP¤l^d�@WXJZD�1@z | z � Q�{�DGc@D;J;t:^dPL | ^de ^dPX^_LM^mHK�YHKFXF`JMQ�H@] | {�D�eMDGD�PXQ�es^d�@P`^]^I];HKP�LlrX^]\ DGJZDGP`]GD �IDGLi{VD;DGPX DGc(DG� �OHKP`rDX8D;c@D;� 0`zn | D�F`JMQY]aD:eMe�QKS#�@D;PXDGJfH�LZ^_PX�qL | D�c�^dDG{�e ^_P X8D;c@D;� 0 ];HKP%��D�W`eMDaS�WX� LZQ�L | D�JZH(rY^dQ@�dQ@�@^mesL;tH(e3^_L ^drXDGP�LM^b^`D;eFIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�_�dhq^dP�LMDGJZD;esLM^dPX� ]GQ@JZJMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`e#��DaLi{�DGDGP�HKLsLZJM^d�XWYLZD;e;z C\W`JM^dPX�=Q@W`JDemYFID;JM^dNODGP�LZe;t�{VD FXJZD;eMDGP�LZD;r ]aQKn�HKWXL | Q(J ��WXJZP`eM^drXD�{R^_L | H3eMDaL�QKS 1 � } JZWX�dD;elLZQ3JMD;c�^dDG{3zK[ | DS�Q(WXP`r�eMDGc@D;JZH@� JMWX�dD;e ^dP�LMD;JMD:eiLZ^_PX�ItY^_PI]a�dW`rY^dPX� L | D�S�Q(�_�dQ�{R^_P`�`}��������������������� �!�"�#�$��������%��&���('(-����#B����$�6)+�����!��2 ��������%��+��� ��- .�<;��&2�� ����� � �(7+���&)�%��������?8�<;��&2E�5����2�2 B��&)�2+)+��� 8�<;��&2E�5����2�2� �����; ;F��%�;(C�)6��2������18�<;��&2E�#B����6�+�E;F��2��&�+���<��-E���&)��&2��A7+�+��7+)+� 8�<;��&2E�6�A)������&�#-$�"�&C��"��% �+�!2+���$)*�$��������%��&����������8�(;��&2*�&�#B���)���������B�;F��7 � ��7��&�&7+���&7���-$��7+���$�6�6��2 8�(;���C#�&�#B�4���7��&����)<7+���&7���-$��7+�+���6�+��2 G

n | ^deVJMW`�_DE^drYD;P�LM^b^`D;r 0 | NjH@�_^d�@P`H@P�LVNjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | ^m]R^`P`rY^dPX��eU{ | ^d�dDEQ(PX�_hONO^meM]G�dH(eMeM^gS�h�^dPX�1:1o��DGPX^d�@Pt^`P`rY^dPX��e H(eO]GHKPI]aDGJ:zan | D�JfH@rX^_Q(�_Q(�@^meiL { H@e�^dP(LZJM^d�@W`D;r���h"L | ^de JZWX�dD���D;];HKW`eMD^_L#eMWX�(�@D;esLZe\H | ^_L | D;JsLZQoWXPX­�PXQ�{RP=JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`e | ^_F=��DaLi{�DGD;P=NjHK�d^_�(P`HKP`]Gh�H@P`r | ^d� | rXDGP`eM^gLihNjH(eMeMD;e;zy��P3�@D;PXDGJfHK� tyNjH@eZe8rYDGPIes^_LihE{ H@e P`QKL FXJZDGc�^dQ@W`eM�dhRL | Q(WX� | L�LZQ��IDVH | ^_� | �dh\FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_c(DS�D:H�LZWXJMD(tXesQ L | ^de�JMWX�dD�^de�cwH@�_WIHK�X�dD�^_P�^_LZeRQ�{RP�JM^d� | L:z ��WXJZP`eM^drXD3DaL�HK� z_t |�}M} 4 ~ z

Page 14: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� � ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

� �=�8� ������ u�JZD;H b�PIrYDGJRL | D�TVWXJZc@D3¤XQ(J��RD;];HK�d�deRu\�IQ�c(D 4 } �

FHG�� I�J/K3�8�WL:�HK3��O � U �8�����8�HL J UVJ � �TL:�(% �8�DNWL �

n | Do^dPX^_LM^mHK��NODaL | Q�rXQ@�dQ@�@hqS�Q@J,X8D;c@DG� 0=S�Q@�d�dQ�{�e H=Li{�QKn�esLMDGF F`JMQY]aD:eMe;z8��P L | D7^`JZesL�esLMD;F8tHKP��#X�¢ HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N �dD;H@JMPIe HqeMDaL QKS�JZWX�dD;e;z���P%L | D�esD:]aQ@PIr�eiLZDGF8tlL | Do�dD;H@JMPXD:r JZWX�_D:e�H@JMDH@rXrXD;r�LMQ�L | DRFXJZDan DdmY^desLM^dPX�#S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e�LMQ�S�Q@JZN H�^IP`HK�XNOQYrYD;�Bz�n | ^deUHKFXFXJZQ(H(] | eMW1\ DGJfe S�JMQ(NesD;c@D;JZH@��{VD:HK­�PXD;eZeMD;e;z8¤�^dJfeiL:t {�DjS�Q@�d�_Q�{ H=�XJZWYLZDan S�Q@Jf]aD/HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | LMQqeMD;H@JZ] | S�Q@J HK�d� � � �JMW`�_D:eGtw�XWYL {�D | Hwc@D�PXQ�{ Hwh�LMQ�DGc�HK�dW`HKLMD { | ^m] | Q(PXD;el{R^d�_�`H(]yLZW`HK�d�_h3^dNOFXJZQ�c@DVL | DRPXDGLi{VQ(JM­ z[�D;]GQ@P`r8tIL | DONODaLMJZ^m] W`eMD;r LMQ�eM]GQ@JZDL | DOJMWX�dD;e�rY^b\ DGJfe\S�JZQ@N�L | DOQ@PXD {�D�{R^d�_� WX�_LM^dNjH�LZDG�dhW`eMDELZQODGc�HK�dW`H�LZD#L | D ^`PIHK�8NOQYrYDG� z n | W`e;tX{VD | Hwc(DEP`Q �(W`HKJfHKP�LZDGDEL | HKLRL | D�JZWX�_D3�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�FXJZQ�]GD;eZe�{R^_�d� eMDG�dD;]yL L | D3JMW`�_D:e�L | HKL��ID:eiL\]GQ@P�LMJZ^_�`WYLMD#LMQOL | D ^`P`H@�8]a�mH@eZes^b^`D;J;zk�DRF`JMQ(FIQ�esDRHKPOHK�_LMD;JMPIH�LM^dc@DRH@FXFXJZQ(H@] | t:�IH@eMD;r Q@P�L | D\^drYD:H#QKS � �� j�� �� � �Vg � � ���ph � � ��j%j'g � h���"j,ilh ��h � ��� � � h ���bh'jrz CEHwc�^me�DaL HK� zdt |�};} 4KH ~ z���P�L | DjP`DG{ H@FXFXJZQ(H(] | t JMWX�dD;e3H@JMDjeZ]aQ(JMD:r��h | Q�{ N WI] | L | DGh ^dNOFXJMQ�c(DL | Dj]a�mH@eZes^b^`DGJ:t�FXJMQ�c�^mrY^dPX��HoLM^d� | L3]aQ@W`FX�_^dPX���IDGLi{VD;DGP�JMW`�_D�@D;PXDGJfH�LZ^_Q(P�HKPIroJZWX�dD#WIeMH@�@D@zYk�D]GH@�_� L | ^meRNODaL | Q�rXQ@�dQ@�@h���� ��h���j 6��Wjeh�Q@J ������lz[Yu/x#b ^deE]a�dQ(eMDG�dhoJZDG�mH�LZD;r�LMQ X�HKP`rX{VD | J;t87�DGJfeiLZ^_PX�/H@P`r=CED ��HKD:r�L�� e�PI¤l¡E�#X z X H@P`rY{�D | JDaL�H@�Bzdt |M}M} 4 ~ HKPIr H@�deMQ�LMQ ¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aWX�7h�� � ��� j�{�Q@JZ­ Q(P [�LMJZW`]yLZWXJfHK�EX Q@�@^mesLM^m] �RDG�(JMD:eines^dQ@P4z ¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aW`�KDaL HK� z_t |�}M} � ~ zdn | DUJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`e | ^_FIe LMQRL | D;eMDU^dNOFIQ(JsLfHKP�L {�Q@JZ­Ye8HKJZD rY^meM]GW`eMeMD;r^_P=[�D:]yLM^dQ@P 1(z ;Yz¡EWXJ�^_NOFX�dDGNODGP�LfH�LM^dQ@P�QKS [Yu/x#b�rYD;FID;P`rXe Q@P��IQ@L | HKPo�#X�¢2eMhYeiLZDGN H@P`roH�FXJZQ@F�Q(eM^gLZ^_Q(P`HK��_D:HKJZPXDGJ:z ¤`Q@�d�_Q�{R^dPX�=L | DoQ(JM^d�@^dP`HK�V{VQ(JM­ t8{�DoWIesD:r u��dDGF | H@e HqJMW`�_D/F`JMQ(FIQ�esD;J HKP`rtn JZDGDu�WX�(NODGP�LMD:r7`EHSQ Rdc@D�� Hwh@D;e Y n�u9`9ZRH(e Q@WXJRFXJZQ@F�Q(eM^_LM^dQ@P`H@���dD;H@JMP`DGJ:z¡EWXJ�HK�d�@Q@JZ^_L | N {VQ(JM­YeEH@eES�Q@�d�_Q�{�e;z`k�DOJZH@P`rYQ(N �dh�] | Q�Q(eMD�HoeMDGD:r DemYH@NOFX�_D(t�H@P`r Q(�YLZH@^_P^gLfe NOQ�eiLOesF�D;]G^]^I]@t�Q(J j���� � ����h �"]G�dH@W`esD(z�k�D/L | DGP2FID;JsS�Q(JMN H LMQ@F2rYQ�{RP �XJZD;H@rYL | nV^`JfeiL

Page 15: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� � ��;� �� ������ ���?�p ���{�w�#�e���;*�� �� ����8:���/�e��� � �

������� �������� ��������� �!�"#�!� �$���&%'�(���*)�+-,.�*� �*���*�/�0 1�2���� �34��36587�)�9#�2:;=<8>'"!�/:/9!��365?,@:/��A*AB� CD���FEG�IH�JKML�N�O*%P�Q�R�LS<T3U�*�F��VI�D9$����WYX6,@"$�*Z[��E\;]�D%YH�J^`_�acbedgf!hji�kml�n�ochjp�n�orqts(i�h'utp�hUv1wx Q�y�L&<{z|��: AB��J.}�~ iFi��2p �M+()�AB� �*�/Z��&���#����+!: �&��A6�MAB�2�29����D9tA*���*"#�����*�&�*�!�I���!���`+!:/��J

��d � d$� ���LF�I�?LF�[O��DR�L6<8�I���!�������*� �#������:���"!AB� ���2��)���9#�/�!���*)`A*���*"#�����*�F9����!����+#:/��J;�������<T>'"!� :�9!��365?,':���ABAB� CD����EG������LF�S�?LF��Oj�DR�L H�J��LF�&%�P�Q�R�L&<]36�*�2��VI�D9#����WYXS,'"#�*Z���E\;]�D%�����LF�I�?L2��O��DR�L�H�Jae� ��LF�I%�P�Q�R�L?� KML�N�O*%P�Q�R�L?� _d ��¡<��¢����LF�I�?LF�[O��DR�L�J

%�<�%�����LF�I�?LF�[O��DR�L�JK£L�N�O*%�P�Q�R�LS<¤�-L2�&%�P�Q�R�L�J;¥<{; ����� Jx Q�y�LS<]�B�*"!��J

d � v���� aGb's�i�h*¦ x Q�y�LF§�J

d � v��d �F � �¨; © bcªDw!��a � _¬«=­ (�#3¬®IVS¯\°S�/���¡3S:/��)��*� �*�!�

eMD;H@JZ] | Q@S�L | D�eMWX�`eMWXNOFYLZ^_Q(P �dHKLsLM^m]aD(z�k�D/D;cwH@�_WIH�LMDoD;H@] | ]G�dH@W`eMD/��h�]GQ@P�c@D;JsLZ^_PX��^_L LZQqH�`^_P`H@JMh�S�D:H�LZWXJMD(t�{ | ^m] | ^me�H@rXrXD;r LMQ#L | DR]GWXJMJZDGP�L LMJfHK^dPX^dPX��esDGL;z�k�DR�_D:HKJZP�H#PXDG{ � Hwh@D;e�PXDGL^dP`]GQ@JZFIQ(JZHKLM^dPX�L | ^de P`DG{'S�D:H�LZWXJMD(tYHKP`r�eM]GQ@JZD�L | D�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ z�� S�L | D�PXD;{'S�D:H�LMW`JMD#^_NOFXJZQ�c@D:eL | D�eZ]aQ(JMD3Q@S�L | D�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ tYL | DGP {�DJZDaLZH@^_P�L | DS�D:H�LZWXJMD�^_P L | D�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ zX� S�L | D S�D;HKLMWXJZDrXDG�@JfH@rXD;e L | D\F�DGJMS�Q@JZNjHKP`]GDRQKS�L | D\PXDGLi{VQ(JM­ tK^_LV^meVrX^deZ]GH@JZrYD:r�tK{�D\HKPIrjJMD;c@D;JsL �`H(]f­ LZQ3L | DQ(�dr"]G�dH(eMeM^]^IDGJHKPIr�]GQ@P�LM^dP�WXD/esD:HKJf] | ^dPX�`z ¡EPXDjQ@L | D;J ]aD;P(LZJZH@� rY^b\�D;JMD;P`]aDjDem�^mesLZe3{R^_L | Q@W`JH@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N ]GQ@NOF`HKJZD;r LMQ3u\�_D;F | ^_P L | H�LVHKS LMD;J L | D�P`DaLi{�Q@JZ­H@]G]GDGFYLfe H#JMW`�_D(tK{VDRJfHKPIrYQ@NO�dheMDG�dD;]aL HEPXD;{%esD;D;r�z�n | W`e;t;{�D HKJZDUPXQ@L eMD;H@JZ] | ^dPX�\S�Q@J�L | D ��D;esLlJZWX�dD@tw�XWYL�Q@P`�_h�L | Dl^IJZesLlJZWX�dDL | H�L | DG�dF`e;z � Q�{VD;c@DGJ:tXPXQ@L | ^dPX��FXJMD;c@D;P(Lfe L | D�eZHKNOD eMDGD;r=S�JMQ(N ��DG^dPX��eMDG�dD;]aLMD:r�N WX�_LM^dFX�dDLZ^_NOD:e�rYWXJZ^_P`��L | DeMD;HKJf] | z¤l^dP`HK�d�dh@t {VD�PXD;D;r LZQ�rXDd^`PXD�H�eM]GQ@JZ^_PX�qS�WXP`]aLM^dQ@P8zcn | D�NjHK^dP%�(Q(HK��^me LZQ�WIesD�L | D�eZHKNODeZ]aQ(JM^dPX�3S�W`P`]yLZ^_Q(P/S�Q@J ��QKL | �dD;HKJZPX^dPX� H@P`r/D;cwH@�_WIH�LM^dQ@P z�¤`WXJsL | DGJZNOQ@JZD@t�{VDE{R^de | LZQ���D�HK�X�dDLZQ | HKPIrY�_Dr`H�LZH(esDGLZe�L | H�L | Hwc@D3H | ^d� | �dh�eM­@D;{VD:r�]G�dH(eMeRrY^mesLMJZ^_�XWXLM^dQ@P8zX��P�L | D3FXJZD;eMDGP`]GD3QKSeM­@D;{3tIF`JMD:]a^mes^dQ@P�HKP`rqJMD:]GHK�d��HKJZD Q@S LMDGP�W`eMD;r LMQ�DGc�HK�dW`H�LZD ]G�dH(eMeM^b^`DGJ [�W`HK�d^gLih(z ��P�Q(JZrYD;J\LZQ] | HKJfH@]yLZDGJZ^_¦;D | Q�{�L | D HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N FID;JsS�Q(JMNjeEQ�c@D;JRL | D�{ | Q@�dDFXJZD;]G^deM^dQ@P=JZD;]GH@�_�lesFIH@]aD(t`{�DS�Q(�_�dQ�{ 5#Q(H@rXJM^m] | DGL�HK� z;z 5#Q(H(rYJZ^d] | DaLlHK� z_t |M}M} 0 ~ taHKP`r3H(rYQ@FYL L | DUH@JMD:H�WXP`rYD;J8L | D FXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYnJZD;];HK�d� ]aW`JMc(D H@e\Q@WXJ\eZ]aQ(JM^dPX�jNODaLZJM^m]Kz�k | D;Pq]GH@�d]GWX�dHKLM^dPX�OL | D�HKJZD;HOW`P`rYDGJ\L | D�FXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYnJZD;];HK�d��]GWXJZc@D@t:{�DV^dP�LMDG�(JZHKLMDUS�JMQ(N�JMD:]GHK�d���_D;c@DG�me�QKS } z 4�Q@Jl�@JZD;H�LZDGJ:z:uEel{VD�FXJZDGc�^_Q(W`eM�_h�PXQ@LMD;r8tH JfH@rY^dQ@�dQ@�(^desL {VQ(WX�dr | Hwc(D\LZQ/H@] | ^dDGc(DE�dDGc(DG�me QKS�JZD;];HK�d��^_P�L | ^de�JZH@PX�@D(zk�D | Hwc@D�FXJZDGc�^dQ@W`eM�_hEJMD;FIQ(JsLZD;r#L | H�L�[Yu/x#b%FID;JsS�Q(JMNje8Q(P3F`HKJ�{R^gL | X8D;c@D;����HKPIr�L | DU^_PX^_LM^mHK�H@FXFXJZQ(H(] | LZQ X8D;c@DG��0`z � Q�{VD;c@D;J;t�^dP"L | D:esD�DdmYF�DGJZ^_NODGP�Lfe3{VDo^_NOFX�dDGNODGP�LZD;r%[Yu/x�b H(eHJZWX�dD ]aQ(N �X^dPXD;J\Q@P`�_h(t`PXQ@L#H@eEHOLMQ�Q(�8S�Q@JEc�^_D;{��_D:HKJZPX^_P`�OL | HKL �!���"j�^`DG�mrXe\LMQjL | D Dem�^mesLM^dPX�eMDaL�Q@Sp^`D;�drXe)Y�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e Z8^dP L | DRrXHKLZH@�`H@eMD�z C#Hwc�^melDaL HK� zdt |�}M} 4KH ~ z;k�D | Hwc(DUNOQYrY^b^`D;rj[Yu/x�b

Page 16: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� � ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

LMQ�LfHK­@D�H(rYc�HKP�LZH@�@D QKS�L | D�FXJZD;rYDe^`PXD;r�S�D:H�LMW`JMD:e�h�^_D;�drY^dPX�H�NOQ@JZDR^dP(LZDG�(JZHKLMD;r HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | LMQy\^dDG{ X8D:HKJZPX^dPX�`zYk�D�H@�deMQOJMD;FIQ(JsL�Q(P HON Q(JMD3PIH�LMW`JZH@� rYD;eM^d�@P={ | D;JMD [Yu/x�b esLZH@JsLfe S�JMQ(NL | D:X DGc@D;� � PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ z�k�D]GH@�_� L | ^meRHKFXFXJZQ(H(] | [Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{3z`u\�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N 1��@^dc@D:e�F`esW`D;rYQ]aQYrYD#S�Q@J L | D [Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N�z

FHG�� �TQTLMK:, �wL LON * �wL�U %!�wJ/K+P��WJlO��<�$PMQ K K+P

k�D=WIesD�D;eZeMDGP�LM^mHK�d�_h�L | D eZHKNOD�NODaL | Q�rXQ@�dQ@�@h2H@ejrYD:eM]GJM^d�ID:r%F`JMD;c�^dQ@WIes�dh S�Q@JOL | D=^dPX^gLZ^dH@�HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | LZQ�c�^dDG{ �_D:HKJZPX^_P`�`zV¡EP D;H@] | JMQ(WXP`r2QKS�]aJZQ(eZein c�HK�d^drXHKLM^dQ@P8t {�D�WIesD�S�Q(WXJOS�Q@�mrXeH@eOH�LMJfHK^dPX^dPX�"esDGL;tP^`c(D�S�Q@�mrXejH@ejH�LMW`PX^_P`��esDGLoHKP`r2Q@PXD�S�Q(�dr�H@ejH�LZD;esLjeMDaL:z k�D=Q@PX�dheMHKLMWXJfH�LZD\DemYH@NOFX�_D:eVS�JMQ(N�L | D#LZJZH@^_PX^dPX�OesDGL;zY¤XQ(J�[Yu/x#b�nVyE^_D;{3tX{VD#W`eMD�Q@PX�dhOL | D#LZJZH@^_PX^dPX�esDGLELZQ��dD;H@JMPqL | D JZWX�_D:eGzon | D ­@D;h rY^b\�D;JMD;P`]aD �IDGLi{VD;DGP�^_PX^_LM^mHK�cX DGc(DG� 0�H@P`r�[Xu/x#bRn�y\^dDG{^de�L | D3S�Q(�_�dQ�{R^_P`�`}�S�Q@J\[Xu/x#bRn�y\^dDG{�{�D�W`esD�L | D�LMJfHK^dPX^dPX�jesDGLRLMQj�dD;H@JMP�L | DesLMJZW`]aLMWXJZDHKP`rF`HKJfHKNODGLMDGJfe QKS L | D � Hwh@D:e PXDaL:t�H@P`r�{VDWIesD3L | D3LZWXPX^dPX�oeMDaL�LZQo]GH@�d]GWX�dHKLMD�L | D eZ]aQ@JZD3QKS HPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­/esLMJZW`]yLZWXJMD(zX¢ JZDGc�^dQ@W`eM�_h(t�{VD�W`eMD;roL | D�LZWXPXDeMDaLRLZQ �dD;H@JMP�L | D3PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­/eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMDHKP`r2F`H@JZH@N DGLMD;JZe;z���P�Q@JfrYDGJ LMQ JZDaLfHK^dP5H�]G�dH@W`eMD�^dP�L | D=PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­ t L | D H@JMD:HqWXPIrYDGJjL | DFXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYn JZD;];HK�d��]GWXJZc@D#QKS L | D� Hwh@D:eUPXDGL�^_PI]aQ@JZF�Q@JfH�LM^dPX� L | D3JZWX�dD#N�W`esLRH(] | ^dDGc@D�H�LR�dD;H(eiLH/Li{�Q�FID;JZ]GDGP�L#^dNOFXJZQ�c@DGNOD;P(L�Q�c@D;J\L | DjHKJZD;HoQKS L | DOFXJMD:]a^mes^dQ@PXn JZD;];HK�d�l]GWXJMc(D Q@SUL | D ��D;esL� Hwh@D;eVPXDGL;zk5^gL | ^dP�[Yu/x�bt�L | D\LZ^_NODELMQ�eZ]aQ(JMDEHJZWX�_D | H@eV^dP`]aJZD;H(esD:r�z�n | DE� Hwh@D:e PXDGL H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N | H@eLMQ��_D:HKJZP�H PXD;{�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­qLZQ@F�Q@�dQ@�(h�H@P`r PXD;{�F`HKJfHKNODaLZDGJfe3D;H(] | LM^dNODo{�D�eZ]aQ(JMDoHqJMW`�_DY S�D:H�LMW`JMD"Zyz ¤XW`JsL | DGJZNOQ@JZD@t ^_PXS�DGJZDGP`]GD�N�W`esLO��D=F�DGJMS�Q@JZN D:r LZQ"]GQ@NOFXWYLZD�L | D=eZ]aQ(JMD�H�S LZDGJ^_PI]aQ@JZF�Q@JfH�LM^dPX�jHOPXD;{ S�D:H�LZWXJMD(zpn | D�[Xu/x#b H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N ^me\esLMJZ^m]yLM�dhoNOQ(JMD3Dem�F�DGPIes^dc@D�L | HKPeiLfHKP`r`HKJfr��#X�¢ H@e [Yu/x#b HK�meMQ | H@eLMQqF`JMQ�c(Dj{ | DaL | DGJ H JZWX�_D�]aQ�c@D;JZe�D:H@] | DemYH@NOFX�_Do^_PQ@JfrYDGJ�LMQ ]GJMD:H�LMD�L | D�P`DG{ S�D:H�LZWXJMD(zPn Q"JZD��`D:]yL L | D=H@r`rYD;r ]aQ�eiL:tl{�D�W`eMD�HqLM^dNODan �`H@eMD;reiLZQ@F ]aJZ^_LMDGJZ^mHoS�Q(J3L | D/PXDG{�H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N�zHn | ^de�]aJZ^gLZDGJZ^dH�^merYD:eM]GJM^d�ID:r"^_P�S�WXJML | DGJ�rXDaLZH@^_�U^_Pz C#Hwc�^deVDaLRHK� zdt |M}M} 4KH ~ z@¤`Q@J D;H(] | S�Q@�mr�t�{VDEW`eMD\L | D\LZ^_NOD:e�S�JMQ(N L | D#�`H@eMDG�d^_P`DEDem�F�DGJZ^dN D;P�LZe^_P z C#Hwc�^deEDaL3HK� zdt |M}M} 4KH ~ tIeMQ/L | H�L�Q@W`JEPXD;{ HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | LZQ�c�^dDG{ �dD;H@JMPX^dPX�oLZHK­(DL | D eZHKNODLM^dNODoH@eL | D/Q(�dr H@FXFXJZQ(H(] | z���P FXJfH@]yLZ^d]GD@t�Q@WXJ eMDaLMLM^dPX�(e JMD:esW`�gLZD;r"^dP DGc�HK�dW`H�LZ^_P`�qHKJZQ@WXPIr|�};}M}M} ]G�dH@W`esD:e S�Q@JVD;H(] | S�Q(�dr8t(JZD�[�WX^dJM^dPX�3Q(P/Hwc@DGJfHK�(D�H@JMQ(WXP`r 0 | Q@WXJfe�F�DGJ S�Q(�dr/Q@P/H��EDGQ@P�@p � ¦3]a�mH@eZe NOH(] | ^dPXD@z¤l^_�(WXJMD 1(z ;E^dP`]a�dW`rYD:e H3]aQ(NOF`HKJZ^deMQ@P QKS8[Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{�LMQ X DGc(DG� �3H@P`r�L | D�^dPX^_LM^mHK�`H@FXFXJZQ(H(] |LMQ�X8D;c@D;� 0`z u���HK^dP8t {�D�FID;JsS�Q(JMN H�Li{�Q�LZHK^d�dD;r F`HK^dJZD;r ��nBLZD;esLjQ@P2L | D H@JMD:H�W`P`rYDGJOL | DFXJZD;]a^meM^_Q(P JMD:]GH@�_��]aW`JMc(DS�Q@J��dDGc(DG�meEQ@SUJZD;]GH@�_� � }� 4Yz�[Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{ FID;JsS�Q(JMNje#es^d�@PX^b^I];HKP�LM�dh�IDGLsLZDGJ L | HKPj��QKL | L | D:esDEHKFXFXJZQ(H(] | D;e HKL L | D 232 � ]aQ(P1^IrYD;P`]aDR�dDGc(DG� z(u��_L | Q@WX� | {VD�rYQ PXQKL^_PI]a�dW`rYD3L | D �(JZH@F | tI[Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{�F�DGJMS�Q@JZNje�es^d�@P`^]^I];HKP�LM�dh��IDGLsLMD;J�L | HKP=L | D�[Yu/x�bRn�n�u9`Y�PXQ�^_P`^gLZ^dH@��S�D:H�LZWXJMD:e%Zat�HK�mesQ/{R^_L | HoFXn c�HK�dWXD� }�� } 1@z�[Xu/x#bRn�y\^dDG{ HK�mesQoFID;JsS�Q(JMNjeE�IDGLsLMD;JL | H@P X8D;c@D;�(1\H@P`r4X DGc@D;� | {R^gL | H3FXn c�HK�dWXD }�� } 1@z@k5^_L | L | D#^dP(LZDG�(JZHKLMD;r S�JfHKNOD;{VQ(JM­ S�Q@JX8D;c@DG�&0`tX{�DPXQ�{�esD;Des^d�@P`^]^I];HKP�L�^dN F`JMQ�c(DGNODGP�LRQ�c@D;JR�_Q�{�DGJ��dDGc(DG�meRQKS �dD;HKJZPX^dPX�j{ | D;P={VDH@eZ]aD;P`r/L | D | ^dDGJfHKJf] | hOrXDd^`PXD:r�^_P=¤l^_�(WXJZD 1(z | z¤l^_�(WXJMD�1(z qe | Q�{�e3L | D�Hwc@DGJfHK�(D H@JMD:H�WXP`rYD;JL | DoFXJZD;]G^deM^dQ@PYn JMD:]GH@�_� ]GWXJMc(D{Y�uRb�T�¢U��Z3S�Q@J�_D;c@D;�deRQ@S�JMD:]GHK�d� � }� 4�S�Q@J9X8DGc(DG� �XtYL | D^dPX^gLZ^dH@��H@FXFXJZQ(H@] | LMQ7X8DGc(DG�+0ItIH@P`r [Yu/x#b�nVyE^_D;{3zn | DEHwc(DGJfHK�(D uRb�T�¢U��S�Q(J�[Yu/x�bRn�y\^dDG{'h�^dDG�mrXe�H � }�� ^dP`]aJZD;H(esD\^_PjL | D�Hwc@DGJfHK�(DRuRb#T�¢U�

Page 17: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� � ���M���+���� ����.;����*8:�����3$9�������c��$��;0 �3$ ���

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Precision

Recall

Mammography

Level 3Initial Level 4

SAYU-View

�������� ������ ¢ JZD;]a^meM^_Q(PYn ��D;]GH@�_�8TVWXJZc@D:eUS�Q(J\£UH(] | X DGc@D;��QKSaX8D;H@JMP`^_PX�

�������� ������ u�JZD;HOb�P`rXDGJ L | D�TVWXJMc(D3¤XQ@J���D;]GH@�_�meRu���Q�c@D 4 } �

Q�c(DGJ�L | D\^dPX^_LM^mHK� HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | LMQ�X DGc(DG��0Iz(¤`WXJsL | DGJZNOQ@JZD@t({VD\eMDGDEHKPj^dP`]aJZD;H(esD�^dPjL | DEHwc(DGJfHK�@DuRb�T�¢U� QKS 4 � � Q�c@DGJ)X DGc@D;� �XzXu�P`QKL | DGJR{ HwhjLMQO�dQ�Q(­/H�LRL | D;eMD�JMD:esWX�_LZe ^me�L | D3FIQ@LMDGP�LZ^dH@�JZD;rXW`]yLZ^_Q(P Q@S#��DGP`^_�(P �`^_Q(F`es^dD;e;} FXJZQY]aD:rYWXJZD;ejrYQ(PXD=Q@P�{�Q@NODGP {R^gL | Q@WXL�]GH@P`]aD;J;z�k | D;P

Page 18: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� � ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

rYDaLZD;]aLM^dPX� 2 } � QKS�]GHKPI]aDGJfe Y�^ z D(z_t`JMD:]GHK�d� � }� 2;Zyt`[Xu/x#bRn�y\^dDG{�H(] | ^_D;c@D:e�H �)4 � JZD;rYWI]yLM^dQ@P^_P ��DGPX^d�@PO�X^dQ@F`eM^dD;e Q�c@D;J/X DGc(DG� ��HKP`r H �32 � JMD:rYW`]aLM^dQ@P Q�c@DGJlL | DR^_P`^gLZ^dH@� X8DGc(DG�0�NODaL | QYr�z

FHG�� �<��K��oK3�wO�� N�L��

�RD;eMD;H@JZ] | ^dP=[Y��X | H@e�H@rXcwH@P`]aD:roH@�_Q(PX�Li{�Q�NjH@^_P��_^dPXD;e;}YNODaL | QYrXeVL | HKLRH@�_�dQ�{5�@JfHKF | ^d];HK�NOQ�rXDG�melLMQ3JZDGFXJZD;eMDGP�L JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`e;tKHKP`r S�JfHKNODG{�Q@JZ­Ye L | H�L Dem�LMDGPIr��dQ@�(^d]VLZQ | HKP`rY�dDRFXJZQ@�`H@�X^d�gn^gLZ^_D:eGz u��dQ@P`�jL | DE^`JfeiL#�_^dPXD@t�FXJZQ@�`H@�X^d�_^meiLZ^d]JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�8NOQ�rXDG�meGt�Q@J#¢U��p e;t`^dP�LMJZQYrYW`]aD:r=��h¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP8t 5#DaLZQ�Q(J;t�7�Q@�d�_D;J�H@P`r¢�S�De\�D;J;t;JMD;FXJZD;eMDGP�L Q@P`D QKSYL | Dc^`JfesLlH�LMLMD;N FXLZe LMQ\�dD;H@JMP�L | DeiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD3Q@S �(JZH@F | ^m]GH@�8NOQ�rXDG�meR{ | ^d�_D�^_P`]GQ@JZFIQ(JZHKLM^dPX�OJMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@��^_PXS�Q@JZNOHKLM^dQ@P�z ¤XJZ^dD;rYNjHKPDaLEH@�Bzdt&1�232:2@H ~ zX�RD:]aDGP�LZ�_h � D:]f­@D;JMNjHKP t`p=DGD;­�H@P`r�7�Q@�d�dDGJ | Hwc(DrY^meM]GW`eMeMD;r�Dem�LMDGPIes^dQ@P`e�LMQ¢U��pqe3HKP`r ]GQ@NOF`HKJZD;rqL | DGN LMQ=QKL | DGJ �@JfHKF | ^m]GH@� N QYrYD;�deBz � D;]f­(DGJZNjHKP�DaL�H@�Bzdt |�};} 0 ~ z�ueiLfH�LZ^desLM^m]GH@� �dD;HKJZPX^dPX�oH@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N S�Q(J\FXJZQ@�IHK�X^d�_^mesLM^m]3�_Q(�@^m]3JZDGFXJZD;eMDGP�LZHKLM^dQ@P`e�{�H(e)^`JfeiLE�@^dc@DGP��h�[YHKLMQ z [YH�LZQ`t 1�232:4 ~ HKP`r��mH�LZDGJ:tlTVW`eZesD;P`e4z TVW`eMeMDGPIeGt |�}M} 1 ~ FXJZQ@F�Q(eMD;r"H�NOQ@JZDj�@D;PXDGJfHK�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N LMQ | HKP`rY�dD �dQ@�o�_^dPXD;H@J�NOQYrYDG�meGz u\r`rY^gLZ^_Q(P`HK�d�dh@t p=WX�@�(�_DGLMQ(P z p=WX�(�@�dDaLZQ@P8t |�}M};}�~| H@elFXJZQ�c�^drXD;r�dD;H@JMP`^_PX��HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | NOe�S�Q(J eiLZQ�] | H@esLM^m]U�dQ@�(^d]VFXJZQ@�@JfHKNje;zBn | D esLMJZW`]aLMWXJZD QKS`L | D�_Q(�@^m]�FXJMQ(�@JfHKN ^me��dD;H@JMPXD:r W`es^dPX�3�#X�¢qLZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:eGt({ | ^_�dD L | D�F`HKJfHKNODGLMDGJfe�HKJZD �_D:HKJZPXD;r W`esn^_P`�OH@P�H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N eZ]GH@�_D:roWXF�S�JZQ@N�L | H�L�WIesD:r/S�Q(J�eiLZQ�] | H@esLM^m]#]GQ@P�LMDem�Lsn S�JMD;D#�(JZH@NONOH@JZe;z`�D;{VD;J8JMD;FXJZD;eMDGP�LZHKLM^dQ@P`e ��HKJZPXDGJZ^_P`� H@JM�(W`HK�`�_hRL | DUNOQ�eiL�HKLsLZDGP�LM^dQ@P3HKJZD � Hwh@D:es^mHKP#�_Q(�@^m]�FXJZQKn�@JfHKNjePz 7�DGJfeiLZ^_PX�RH@P`r���HKD:r�L;t |M}M}�|"~ Y��RX�¢Ue ZytaJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK��NjHKJZ­@Q�cRP`DaLi{�Q@JZ­�ePYB��p{`Ee%ZPz nlH@eM­wH@JDaL�HK� z_t |M}M};|�~ tw]aQ(P`esLMJfHK^dP(Ll�_Q(�@^m] FXJZQ@�(JZH@NON ^dPX��{R^_L | � Hwh@D:e8PXDGL�]GQ@P`esLMJfHK^dP�LZe;t;Q(J�T X�¢�Y���� Zz [XHKP�LMQ�e#TVQ(esLZHoDaL3HK� z_t |�};} � ~ t�HKP`r pqHKJZ­@Q�cuX8Q@�(^d]E`�DaLi{�Q@JZ­YeEYBp{X�`Ee%Z6z �R^d] | HKJfrXesQ(P HKP`rC\Q(NO^_PX�(Q(e;t |M}M} 0 ~ z(p H@JM­(Q�c6X Q@�@^m]�`\DaLi{�Q@JZ­YeUHKJZD\NOQ�eiLRes^dNO^_�mHKJVLMQ Q@W`J�H@FXFXJZQ(H@] | z�`\Q�rXD;eQKS�p{XW`\e H@JMD/L | D/�(JMQ(WXP`r"^dP`esLZHKPI]aD;e QKS L | Do�d^gLZDGJfHK�me3^_P�L | D/JZWX�dD@tlHKP`r"L | DoH@JZ];e]aQ(JMJZDanesF�Q@PIr�LMQ=L | D/JZWX�_D:eGz�¡EPXD/NjH v Q(J rY^b\�D;JMD;P`]aDo^deL | HKL;t ^dP Q@W`J�HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | t�P`Q�rXD;e H@JMDOL | DJMW`�_D:e8L | DGNjeMDG�dc@D;e;z�u��_L | Q(WX� | {�D�];HKPXPXQ@Ll{�Q@JZ­�H�L L | D eZHKNODV�dDGc(DG��QKS�rYDaLfHK^d�Bt�Q(WXJlH@FXFXJZQ(H(] |NjHK­@D:eR^_LEeiLZJZH@^_� | LsS�Q@JZ{ HKJfrjLMQ�]aQ@N��X^dPXD�dQ@�@^m]GH@��JMW`�_D:e�{R^_L | Q@L | D;JRS�D;HKLMWXJZD;e;tIH@P`r�{VDP`Q�{]GH@PoLfHK­@D#S�WX�d� H(rYc�HKP�LZH@�@D#QKS FXJMQ(FIQ�es^_LM^dQ@PIHK� �_D:HKJZPX^dPX� H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | NjeGzn | D�FXJZD;eMDGP�LU{�Q@JZ­ �`WX^_�mrXeVWXF�Q@PjFXJZDGc�^dQ@W`e�{�Q@JZ­ Q(PjW`eM^_PX���#X ¢�S�Q(J S�D;HKLMWXJZD\]GQ@P`esLMJZW`]yLZ^_Q(P8z[�W`] | {VQ(JM­�LZJMD:H�Lfe��#X�¢�n�]aQ(P`eiLZJMWI]yLMD:r'JZWX�dD;e=H@e=��Q�Q@�dD;H@P'S�D:H�LMW`JMD:eGt JZDan JMD;FXJMD:esD;P�LZe�D;H@] |DdmXHKNOFX�dDUH(e�H�S�D;H�LZWXJZD c@D:]yLMQ(J;t:HKP`r3L | D;P W`eMD;elH S�D;HKLMWXJZDan c@D:]yLZQ@J8�dD;H@JMPXD;J8LZQ\FXJZQYrYW`]aD�H)^`PIHK�]a�mH@eZes^b^`D;J;z�n�Q3Q@WXJ�­�PXQ�{R�dD;rX�@D@tK¢ Q(NOFID�H@P`r 7�Q@PXQ(PXDGPX­(Q6z ¢ Q@NOF�D�HKP`r 7�Q(PXQ@PXD;PX­@QIt�19232)4 ~{VD;JMD�L | D�^`JfesL�LMQ H@FXFX�dh�`\H"Q Rdc@D�� Hwh@D:elLMQ]aQ(N �X^dPXD\]G�dH@W`eMD;e;z�¡\L | D;J {�Q@JZ­^_POL | ^meU]GHKLMD;�@Q@JZh{�H(e\��hq[�JZ^dPX^_c�H(eMH@PqHKP`r<7�^_P`� z [�JZ^_PX^dc�H@eZHKPqH@P`r 7�^dPX�It/1�232�; ~ t`{ | Q�W`eMD;r JZWX�dD;e�H@eEDdm�LZJZHS�D;HKLMWXJZD;elS�Q(J L | DRLfH@eM­QKS FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_P`�3�X^_Q(�_Q(�@^m]GH@��H(]yLZ^_c�^_LM^dD;e�Q@SINOQ@�dD;]GWX�_D:e S�JZQ@N�L | DG^dJUH�LZQ@N nHKP`rYn ��Q@P`r�eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD:eGzY¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aW`��DGL H@�BzHz ¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aW`� H@P`rob\PX�(H@J;t |M}M} 0 ~ WIesD�� ���������ELMQrYDGJZ^dc@DR]a�dW`esLMDGJ�JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`e;t�{ | ^d] | H@JMD�L | DGPj]aQ(N �X^dPXD;r {R^_L | L | D�Q@JZ^_�(^_PIHK��S�D;HKLMWXJZD;elL | JMQ(WX� |eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JZH@��JZDG�(JMD:eMeM^_Q(P8z`��P"H�rY^]\ DGJZDGP�L3c@D;^_P t ��DG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK� C\D:]a^mes^dQ@P n JZDGD:e�z `�D;c�^_�d�_DODGL3H@�Bzdt|�};} � ~ W`eMD/HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLM^dQ@P=LZQ�FXJMQ�c�^mrYD Ddm�LMJfH�S�D;H�LZWXJZD;e�Q@P"H�N W`�gLZ^gn JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@��esDGLsLM^dPX�It HKP`rHKJZDq]a�dQ(eMD LZQ2Q(WXJuX8DGc(DG� �%eMDaLMLM^dPX�`z 7�PXQ(�X�ID�DaL=HK� z:z 7�PXQ(�X��DqDaL=HK� zdt |M}M} 1 ~ F`JMQ(FIQ�esD:rP�WXNODGJZ^d]#HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMD:eU^dP�]GQ@N��X^_PIH�LM^dQ@P�{R^_L | �_Q(�@^m]yn �`H@eMD;r/S�D;H�LZWXJZD�]GQ@P`esLMJZW`]aLM^dQ@P/S�Q(J�es^dPX�(�_DH�LMLMJZ^_�XWXLMD;e;zw¢ DGJZ�_^m] | HKP`r ¢ JZQ�c@Q(esL rY^meM]GW`eZe eMDGc@D;JZH@�(H@FXFXJZQ(H@] | D;e S�Q(JlHKLsLMJZ^d�XWYLMD�]aQ(P`eiLZJMWI]yLM^dQ@PW`eM^_PX� HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMD:eOQ�c@DGJoN WX�_LM^_n JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�\S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e z ¢ D;JM�d^m] | HKP`r'¢UJMQ�c(Q(esL;t |M}M} � ~ zln | D

Page 19: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

��� �����e�12 0 ��$#�����$)���1�t� ��� ���#� (6����� � �

H@WYL | Q@JfeRHK�mesQ FXJZQ@F�Q(eMD�H | ^_D;JZH@JZ] | hOQKS �_D;c@D;�de Q@Sl�dD;H@JMPX^dPX�I}�S�D;H�LZWXJZD#c(D;]aLMQ@Jfe;tY^_P`rXDGF�DGP`rYD;P�LHKLsLZJM^d�XWYLZD;eOQ@P�H�LZH@�X�_D(t�N WX�_LM^mrY^dNODGP`eM^_Q(P`HK�EHK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@P Q@P�H�LZH@�X�_D(t HKP`r�H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZ^_Q(PH(]aJZQ(eZe�LZHK�`�_D:eGzE[YQ@NOD QKS L | D:esD�LMD;] | PX^�[�WXD:e=^dP L | DG^dJ | ^_D;JZH@JZ] | h']aQ(WX�mr ��D%H@FXFX�d^_D:r LZQF�DGJMS�Q@JZN c�^dDG{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�O^dP [Y��X zu\PXQKL | DGJ#HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | S�Q@J\HOLZ^_� | LE]aQ(WXFX�d^_PX�j��DaLi{�DGD;P=JMW`�_D�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�/H@P`r�JZWX�_D W`eMH@�@D�^meRL | D{�Q@JZ­HKF`FID:HKJZ^_PX��D:HKJZ�_^dDGJ L | ^de h@D;H@J)Y�rYQ(PXDR^_PjFIHKJfHK�d�_D;��{R^_L | Q(WXJfe%Z���h�X�HKP`rY{�D | J;t 7�D;JZesLM^dPX�H@P`r�C\D/��H@D;r�L z X H@P`rY{�D | J�DGL HK� z_t |M}M} 4 ~ zon | HKL3{VQ(JM­=FXJZD;eMDGP�LZD;r�H�P`DG{ eshYesLMDGN ]GHK�d�dD;rPI¤l¡E�#X zIk�D�{VQ(WX�mr��_^d­@D LMQ | ^d� | �_^d� | L#eMDGc(DGJfHK� eM^d�@PX^b^I]GH@P�LErY^b\�D;JMD;P`]aD:e�^dP=L | D Li{VQoFX^_D:]aD:eQ@S�{VQ(JM­oH@FXF�D;HKJ\LMQj��DL | D3S�Q@�d�dQ�{R^_PX�Iz`¤l^_JfesL;t`PI¤l¡E�#X�eZ]aQ(JMD:eR]a�mHKW`eMD;eR��h�]aQ(P`rY^_LM^dQ@P`H@� �dQ@��d^d­@DG�d^ | Q�Q�r"JfH�L | DGJL | H@P ^_NOFXJZQ�c@D;N D;P�L^_P�]G�dH(eMeM^]^IDGJ H(]G]aW`JZH(]ah Q(J�]a�mH@eZeM^]^`D;JuRb#T�YBHKJZD;HW`P`rYDGJ��¡3T Q(J3¢U� ]aWXJZc@D"Zyz [�D:]aQ@PIr�t�P`¤l¡E�#X ]GH@P | HKP`rY�dDON WX�_LM^dFX�dDan�]a�mH@eZe�]a�mH@eZes^b^I]GHKLM^dQ@PLfH@eM­YeGtK{ | ^d] | [Yu/x�b ]GH@PXPXQ@L;zMn | ^dJfr�t�L | D�FXJZD;eMDGP�LU] | HKFXLMDGJ�JZDGF�Q@JMLZe DdmYFID;JM^dNODGP�LZe Q@PjrXH�LfHeMDaLfe {R^_L | es^d�@PX^b^I];HKP�LU]a�mH@eZeUeM­@D;{3tKLMQ�{ | ^m] | FXJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^desLM^m]�]G�dH(eMeM^]^IDGJfeUHKJZDRQKS LZDGPoeMDGPIes^_LM^dc@D(z¤`Q@WXJML | tKL | ^deU{VQ(JM­��_Q�Q@­Ye HKLTnlu�`'Q(FXF�Q(eMD;r�LMQE`EHSQ Rdc@DR� Hwh@D:eGz(¤�^dP`H@�_�dh@t@L | ^me {�Q@JZ­ Dem�LZDGP`r`e��QKL | z X H@P`rY{�D | J DaLjHK� z_t |�};} 4 ~ HKPIr z CEHwc�^me DGLOH@�Bzdt |�}M} 4KH ~ ��h �@^dc�^dPX�=L | D�PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­"HKP^dPX^_LM^mHK��S�D:H�LZWXJMD3eMDaL:zu\PXQKL | DGJoJMD;�dHKLMD;r2FX^dD;]GD QKS�{VQ(JM­%^deOL | H�L/��h ¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aWX�Eh�� � ��� z ¢ Q(FID:eM]GWX�RDaL�HK� z_t |M}M}�| t¢ Q(FID:eM]GWX�`H@P`rOb�PX��HKJ:t |�};} �XtK¢ Q(FID:eM]GWX�YDaL�HK� z_t |�}M} � ~ Q(Pj[�LMJZW`]yLZWXJZH@��X Q@�@^mesLM^m]���DG�@JZD;eZeM^_Q(P8zn | DGh=W`eMDjHKPq�#X�¢�n �_^d­@DDY�JZDd^`P`DGNODGP�L3�@JfHKF | Z\eMD;H@JZ] | Q�c(DGJEJMWX�dD;e;t�DdmYFXJZD;eZeMD;r H(e#r`H�LZH@�`H@eMD[�WXD;JM^dD;e;t(LMQjrYDd^IPXDEP`DG{'S�D:H�LZWXJMD:eGzYCE^]\ DGJZDGPI]aD;eVS�JZQ@N L | D�FXJMD:esD;P�L�{�Q@JZ­O^_P`]G�_WIrYD\L | DG^dJRW`eMDQ@S`L | D�PXD;{�S�D;HKLMWXJZD;e {R^gL | ^_PjH@�_Q(�@^meiLZ^d]VJMD;�@JZD;eZes^dQ@P�NOQ�rXDG�XJfH�L | DGJlL | HKPjH#�@JfHKF | ^m]GH@��N QYrYD;�BtH@P`r L | D S�H(]yL�L | H�L L | D;h�rYQ�PXQ@L WXF rXH�LZD L | DR�dQ@�(^desLM^m]�JMD;�@JZD;eZes^dQ@PNOQYrYD;�XH�S LMD;J H@rXrX^_PX��D:H@] |JZWX�dD@zlu PXQ@LZHK�`�_DoesLMJZDGP`�KL | Q@S L | D;^_J HKFXFXJZQ(H(] | ^deL | HKL L | D/JMW`�_DGn �dD;H@JMPX^dPX�=FXJZQY]aD:eMe3^_LZeMDG�_S];HKP�^_PI]a�dW`rYDHK�(�@JZDG��H�LM^dQ@P z

FHG�� �7N/JlS�KVQ/PMUVNWJ/P �WJlO �TQlK;QTL:� � NWL �

k�D3FXJZD;eMDGP�LMD:r�H NODaL | QYr�S�Q@J�esLZH�LZ^desLM^m]GH@��JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@� �_D:HKJZPX^_P`��{ | ^m] | ^_P�LZDG�@JfH�LZD;e��dD;HKJZPX^dPX�S�JZQ@N H�LsLZJM^d�XWYLZD;e;t�HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMD:eGt�HKP`r JMWX�dD;e;zE¡EWXJ�DdmXH@N F`�_D HKF`FX�_^m]GHKLM^dQ@P e | Q�{�e���DGPXDe^XLZeS�JZQ@N L | DeMDGc(DGJfHK���_D;c@DG�me QKSl�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�O{VD�FXJZQ@F�Q(eMD;r�z1X DGc@D;� | tXesLMJZW`]yLZWXJZD#�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�ItY]a�dD;HKJZ�dhQ(WYLMF�DGJMS�Q@JZNje L | D�DdmYF�DGJMLVeiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD(zKk�D\S�WXJML | D;JUe | Q�{%L | H�LUN�WX�_LM^_n JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�YLZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:e];HKP�H@] | ^dDGc(DEc(DGJZhoeM^_�(PX^]^�]GHKP�LR^dN F`JMQ�c(DGNODGP�LZe;t�DGc(DGP�Q@P�H eM^dPX�@�dD#LZHK�`�_DrYQ(NjHK^dP8zn | ^de ] | HKFYLZDGJ | H(e�e | Q�{RP�L | H�LUH3eM^_NOFX�dD S�Q@JZN QKS c�^_D;{2�dD;H@JMP`^_PX��k LZJMD:H�LZ^_PX�#JZWX�_D:e ^_PIrYW`]aD:r��hH#eiLfHKP`r`HKJfr3�#X ¢�eshYesLMD;N H@e L | DRH@r`rY^gLZ^_Q(P`HK��S�D:H�LMW`JMD:e�Q@SIHEPXDG{�c�^dDG{ k5h�^_D;�drXel^dNOFXJMQ�c(D;rF�DGJMS�Q@JZNjHKP`]GDRQ�c@D;JlX8D;c@DG� | �_D:HKJZPX^dPX�`z�`�DGc(DGJML | D;�_D:eMe;t�L | ^deV^dN F`JMQ�c(DGNODGP�L ^me JZQ@WX� | �_h�D�[�W`H@�LZQ�L | HKL�Q(�YLZH@^_P`D;r���h?X8DGc(DG�����_D:HKJZPX^dPX��k5��h HK�@�(JMD;�(HKLM^dQ@P8t�H@e�NO^_� | L���DjF�DGJMS�Q@JZN D:r=S�Q(JDemXHKNOFX�dD/��h"Hq¢U��p zlk�D | Hwc(DjPXQKLZD;r | Q�{ L | ^de HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | LMQ�c�^_D;{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�q^de�[(W`^gLZDeM^dN ^d�mHKJ LMQOD:HKJZ�_^dDGJ {�Q@JZ­jW`es^dPX�j�#X�¢%S�Q(J S�D;HKLMWXJZD3]aQ@PIeiLZJMW`]aLM^dQ@P8zu'N Q(JMDR^dP�LMD;JMD:eiLZ^_PX�#S�Q(JMN QKS c�^_D;{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�It�Q@JlX DGc(DG�603�dD;H@JMPX^dPX�ItK^deV[Yu/x#b�nVyE^_D;{3t({ | ^m] |]G�_Q�esD;�_h%^_P�LMD;�@JfH�LZD;e L | D �#X ¢�eMhYeiLZDGN H@P`r�� Hwh@D;eM^mHKP PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­��dD;HKJZPXD;J;z�� L�eM^d�@PX^b^I]GH@P�LM�dh^dNOFXJZQ�c@D;e�F�DGJMS�Q@JZNOH@P`]aD�Q�c@D;J���QKL | X DGc@D;� �%�dD;H@JMPX^dPX� HKP`r L | D eM^_NOFX�dD�S�Q@JZN QKS�c�^dDG{�dD;H@JMP`^_PX�Izk�D��ID;�_^dDGc(DqNjHKP�h S�WXJML | D;J�^dNOFXJMQ�c(DGNODGP�Lfeo^dP'c�^_D;{ �dD;HKJZPX^dPX�%H@JMD�FIQ�eMeM^_�`�_D(zV� L�NjHK­@D:e

Page 20: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� � ������������ ��������������������������� �"!#��$%�'&)(�*��+,���,-/.".10 �2#���33���4*�657��898:�# ����.;+�<

esD;P`eMD2LZQ�^_P`]G�_WIrYD'HK�(�@JZDG�(HKLMD:e ^dP L | D��`H@]f­��(JMQ(WXP`r ­�PXQ�{R�dD;rX�@D2S�Q@J JZWX�_D��(DGPXD;JZHKLM^dQ@P8zu��_LMD;JMP`HKLM^dc@D;�_h(t�Q(PXD ]GH@P Ddm�LZDGP`r JZWX�_D:e�{R^gL | H@�@�(JMD;�(H�LZ^_Q(P5Q@F�DGJfH�LZQ@JfeGt H@e�FXJZQ@F�Q(eMD;r ^_PJMD:]aD;P(L {VQ(JM­"��h�y�DGPIe�DGL/HK� zRz y�DGPIe�DGL/HK� z_t |�};} 0 ~ z�k�D | Hwc(D/S�Q@W`P`r L | D�JMWX�dD�esD;�_D:]yLM^dQ@PFXJZQ@�X�dDGN LMQ/��D PXQ(PYn LMJZ^_c�^mHK� z�¡EWXJ\�(JMD;D;rYh�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | N QKS LZDGP=�@D;PXDGJfH�LZD;e LZQ�Qoes^dNO^_�mHKJ\JMWX�dD;e;tHKP`r#^me8PXQ@L �@WIHKJfHKP�LMD;D;r\LMQRNjH�mY^dN ^d¦GDV]aQ�c@D;JZH@�@D(zZk�D {�Q@WX�mr#�_^d­@D LZQ\HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | L | ^me8F`JMQ(�X�_D;NH@eRH@P�Q(FYLM^dNO^_¦:H�LM^dQ@P�FXJZQ@�X�dDGN {VD;^_� | ^_P`�O]GQ�c@D;JZH@�@D@t�rY^dc@D;JZeM^gLih(tYHKP`r�H@];]aWXJfH@]Gh@z¡EWXJ=HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | Q@S�W`eM^dPX���#X ¢ LMQ5�dD;HKJZP P`DG{ S�D:H�LZWXJMD:e�S�Q@J H@P Dem�^mesLM^dPX� LZHK�`�_D"NODGJZDG�dheM]GJZHKLZ] | D:elL | DEesWXJMS�H@]GDRQKS L | D�FIQ@LMD;P(LZ^dH@�XS�Q(J c�^_D;{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�Iz@u5NOQ@JZD�HKN��X^_LM^dQ@W`e H@FXFXJZQ(H(] |{VQ(WX�mr��ID LMQoNOQ(JMD ]G�_Q�esD;�_h�^dP(LZDG�(JZHKLMD esLMJZW`]yLZWXJZD�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�oHKPIr�c�^dDG{��dD;H@JMP`^_PX�IzIu esD:HKJf] |]aQ(WX�dr �ID F�DGJMS�Q@JZNOD;r^dP { | ^d] | D;H(] | �sNOQ�c(D���^dP�L | DReMD;HKJf] | eMF`H@]GDV^melDG^_L | D;J LMQ#NOQ�rX^gS�h3L | DFXJZQ@�`H@�X^_�d^meiLZ^d] N QYrYD;� Q@J�LZQ�JZDd^IPXD L | D ^_P�LMD;P`eM^_Q(P`HK� rYDd^IPX^gLZ^_Q(PqQ@SVesQ(NOD ^`D;�drq^_PqL | D PXDG{c�^_D;{3z 5#Q(^_P`��S�W`JsL | DGJ3esLM^d�_� t�Q@PXDONO^d� | L3�_D:HKJZP�HKP�^_P�LZDGP`eM^_Q(P`HK��rYDe^`PX^_LM^dQ@P�S�Q@JH@PqDGP�LZ^_JZDG�dhPXDG{ LfHK�X�dD@z�u\eUH ]aQ@PI]aJZDaLMDRDemXHKNOFX�dD@tKS�Q(JUNjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | hQ@P`D\]aQ(WX�drO�dD;H@JMPOJZWX�dD;e rYDe^`PX^dPX�H3�X^dP`HKJZh F`JMD:rY^d];H�LZDRL | HKLV^mrYDGP�LZ^]^`D:e �Zes^dNO^_�mHKJ �3HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e;z@��D;];HKW`eMD�eMW`] | H3FXJZD;rY^m]GHKLMD{VQ(WX�mr�JZDGFXJZD;eMDGP�LjH�NjH@P�h�n LMQ@n NjHKP�h"JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIe | ^dF2H@NOQ@PX�"HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�_^_LM^dD;e;t�HqP`DG{ LZHK�`�_D{VQ(WX�mro��D3JMDB[�WX^_JZD;r8z[Y��X HK�d�@Q@JZ^_L | Nje F`JMQ�c�^mrYD%H'eMWX�`esLZH@P(LZ^dH@��Dem�LMDGPIes^dQ@P�LZQ DdmY^meiLZ^_P`� esLZH�LZ^desLM^m]GH@���dD;H@JMP`^_PX�HK�d�@Q(JM^_L | Nje;tVeMW`] | H(e�� Hwh(D;eM^dH@P5PXDaLi{�Q@JZ­YeGtV��h5F�DGJZNO^gLMLM^dPX��eiLfH�LM^mesLM^m]GHK���dD;H@JMPX^dPX� LZQ2��DHKFXF`�_^dD;r�rY^dJZD;]yLZ�_h LMQ JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@� rXHKLZHK�IH@eMD;e={R^_L | N�WX�gLZ^_F`�_D%LZHK�`�_D:eGz `�D;c@DGJML | DG�dD;eZeGtRL | DeM] | DGNjH@e/S�Q@J�JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�ErXHKLZHK�IH@eMD;e/Q@S LMD;P HKJZDqrYDe^`PXD:r'�`H(esD:r5Q@P ]GJM^_LMD;JM^mH�Q@L | D;J/L | HKPDd\ D;]aLM^dc@DGP`D;eZe�Q@S`�dD;HKJZPX^dPX�`z:� S�H#eZ] | DGNjHE^delPXQ@L�L | D N Q�eiL�HKF`FXJMQ(FXJZ^dHKLMD S�Q(J�H\�(^_c(DGP �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�LZH(es­ t ^gLNjHwh=��DOPXD;]GD;eZeMH@JMh�LZQ�] | HKPX�(D�^_L#k5��hqrYDd^IPX^_P`��H�PXD;{ c�^dDG{ k5�IDGS�Q@JZD H@FXFX�dh�^dPX�QKL | DGJ�[Y��X�LZD;] | P`^�[�WXD:eGz y\^dDG{ �dD;H@JMPX^dPX�ItVH@eoFXJZD;eMDGP�LMD:r�^_P5L | ^me�] | H@FYLMD;J;tVFXJZQ�c�^mrYD:eoHKPHKWYLZQ@NjH�LZD;r/];HKF`H@�X^d�_^_Lih LZQ�NjH@­@D\eMW`] | eZ] | DGNjH�] | HKPX�(D;e;z�¡EWXJ HKF`FXJMQ�H@] | D:e eMQ3S�HKJVLMQ c�^_D;{�_D:HKJZPX^dPX�%�XW`^_�mr Q@P DemY^desLM^dPX� �#X ¢ LMD:] | PXQ@�dQ@�(h@z�k�D"��DG�d^_D;c@D"�#X ¢ n �IH@eMD;r5c�^dDG{ �dD;H@JMP`^_PX�]GH@P �ID��@JZD;HKLM�dhq^dN F`JMQ�c(D;r HKPIr Ddm�LMD;P`rYD:r�tlH(eQ(WYLM�d^_P`D;r ^dP�L | DoFXJZD;]GD;rY^dPX� FIHKJfHK�@JfHKF | eGtS�Q@JDemXHKNOFX�dDjLMQ=�dD;H@JMP D;P(LZ^_JZDG�dhqP`DG{ LZH@�X�_D:eGzl¤XWXJML | DGJZN Q(JMD(t8NjHKP�h�H@FXFXJZQ(H(] | D;e#LZQ c�^_D;{�_D:HKJZPX^dPX��Q(WYLZeM^mrYD3QKSl�#X ¢ JMD;NjHK^dPoLZQj�ID3Dem�F`�_Q(JMD:r�z

FHG�� �?S��cJTN8�@K �wO �(%!�wJ/K+P

[�WXFXF�Q@JML#S�Q@J#L | ^me�JZD;eMD;HKJf] | { H@eEF`HKJMLM^mHK�d�dh=FXJMQ�c�^mrYD;r ��h b z [�z u�^dJ3¤XQ@Jf]aD �@JfHKP�L�¤ � } � };| n} 1Gn | n } 4:;�1(z�£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJZP`eM^drYD ^deEesWXF`FIQ(JsLZD;r���h�H 5#DGPXD;JZH@� £ �dD;]aLMJZ^d]��D;eMD;HKJf] | ^_P �\H�nrY^dQ@�dQ@�@h�uE]GH(rYDGNO^m]=¤XDG�d�dQ�{�e | ^dF8z���P��D;ejCEWYLMJfH HKP`r y��RgLZQ@Jo[YH@P(LZQ(eoTVQ�eiLfH�rX^dr2L | ^dej{�Q@JZ­{ | ^d�_Djc�^mes^_LM^dPX�=L | Dob�P`^_c(DGJfes^_Lih QKSRk5^meM]GQ@P`eM^dPYn pqH@rY^mesQ(P8zoy��RgLZQ@J�[YH@P�LMQ(e TVQ�eiLfH�{�H(e3F`H@JsnLM^mHK�d�_h"eMWXFXF�Q@JMLMD;r"��h�L | D�¤XWXP`r`H��]H@Q=F`HKJfH=H�TV^��DGPI]a^mH�D n D:]aPXQ(�_Q(�@^mHXz8k�D/{�Q@WX�mr"�d^_­(DjLMQL | H@PX­rX8^meMH7n Q(JMJZDGh(tIp H@JM­ 5#Q�H@rYJZ^d] | t��R^m] | p H(]a�d^_P t ¥(^d�_� CEHwc�^meGt�H@P`r u��d�d^deMQ@P � Q@�d�dQ�{�HwhS�Q@J JZD;H@rX^_PX� Q�c@D;J�rXJZHKS LZe�QKS�L | ^meR] | HKFXLMDGJ:z�k�D3{�Q@W`�dr�HK�mesQ �_^d­@DELMQ L | HKPX­/L | D�JZDaS�DGJZDGD:eVS�Q@JL | D;^_JR^dP`eM^_� | LsS�WX� ]GQ@NONODGP�LZe;z

Page 21: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� ��� �=�3�=��./�=!

u\T��z �VJZD;H(eiL ^dNOH@�@^dPX�OJMD;FIQ(JsLZ^_P`� H@P`r�rXH�LfH eMhYeiLZDGN Y��X^_n JfH@rXe Zyt |M}M} 0`zpqHKJMLM^dP �VJZQ�{RP8t\¤l�dQ@JZDGP`]GD � Q(WXP8t�£UrY{ HKJfr�[�^d]f­��dD;e;t\HKPIr X H@JMJZh 7�D;eZeM�_D;J;z [Y]aJZDGD;PX^dPX�NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h'^_P ]GQ@NON W`PX^gLih FXJfH@]aLM^m]aD@}EFIQ�es^_LM^dc@D F`JMD:rY^d]aLM^dc@D�c�H@�_WXD%QKS/HK�XP`Q@JZNOH@�^`P`rX^_PX��e�H@P`r�h�^dDG�mr QKS\S�Q@�d�_Q�{ n WXF%rY^mHK�(PXQ(esLM^m]jFXJZQY]aD:rYWXJZD;e;z ����� � ���� Bh � � ��h��� �gt1 �)4Y}=1 ��; ��� 1 ��;3;�t1�232)4Yz

£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJZP`eM^drYD(t(¥(D;eZesD�C#Hwc�^de;tMy��R_LMQ@J�[YHKP�LMQ�e�TVQ�eiLfHXtK��P��D;eVTEz�C\WXLMJfHXt�T | HKJZ�_D:e 73H | P t¥�H@eMQ@P�¤�^dPXD(tIHKPIr�C#Hwc�^dr�¢�H@�@D@z 7�PXQ�{R�_D:rY�@D�rY^meM]GQ�c@D;JMhjS�JZQ@N eiLZJMWI]yLMW`JMD:r�NjH@N NOQ(�@JfH�nF | h3JZDGF�Q@JMLZe�W`es^dPX�#^_PIrYW`]yLZ^_c(D �_Q(�@^m] FXJZQ@�(JZH@N NO^dPX�`z���P � _h �'g � ���� h ��g � � ����"� �� � �Vg �'j��j j� �dg���� g��� ��� ��"j'gJ tXF`HK�(D;e-2�����1 }M} t |�};} 4Xz

£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJMPIes^mrYD@twx WXDj¢�H@P8t T | HKJZ�_D:e 73H | P8t 73HKL | D;JM^dPXDj[ | H�\ DGJ:t8HKPIr�C#Hwc�^dr�¢�HK�@D(z � ��g ��g � � ��� � !� �!�eg � g*j��Vg ��� � � h ��� � �"j���h� � �� ��h ��g �������ph �Pg��Mh � g ��� � ��� ��h �"j���� � ���%h ���j'g ��� � � � � �;h�� ��� ��jeh � ��� � �� � ��j�� �!�dj�� ����zo��H(rY^dQ@�dQ@�@^m]GH@� [�QY]a^dDaLih Q@SR`\Q@JML |u�NOD;JM^m]GH`t |�}M} 0(H`z

£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJZP`es^mrYD(t CEH@PX^_D;�\�RWX�`^_P8t�HKP`r��RQ�eMe/[ | H@] | LMD;J;z5u � Hwh(D;eM^dH@P%PXDGLi{VQ(JM­"S�Q(JeZ]aJZDGDGP`^_PX��NjHKNONOQ@�(JZH@F | h@z���P�� ,h �'g � � ��� h ��g � � �� �S� �� � �Vg �dj ��j j� �eg�� �Vg� �It�FIHK�@D:e1 } ��� 131 } t |M}M}M} z

£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJZP`eM^drXD@t�CEH@PX^dDG���RWX�X^dP8t�HKPIrq�RQ�eMe�[ | H(] | LZDGJ:z#bEes^dPX��Ho� Hwh@D:es^mHKP=P`DaLi{�Q@JZ­LMQjF`JMD:rY^d]aLRL | D FXJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^gLih�HKP`r�Lih�FID3Q@Sl�`JMD:H@esL\]GHKPI]aDGJRJZDGF`JMD:esD;P(LZD;r���hoNO^d]GJMQY];HK�m]a^b^Xn]GHKLM^dQ@P`e Q(P�NjH@N NOQ(�@JfHKF | h@z�� h ��g �S� Kt |M}M} 0I}�1 ��� 1 ;�t |�};} 0@� z

¥�HKNOD:e�TVW`eZesD;P`eGz ¢�H@JZH@N DGLMD;J=D;esLM^dNOHKLM^dQ@P�^dP esLMQY] | H@esLM^m]"�dQ@�@^m] FXJZQ@�(JZH@NjeGz � � � �1g �wh�Wh � ���pg ���Kt60:0�Y �;Zy} | 0�4!� | ;�1(t |�};} 1(z

¥(D;eZeMDqCEHwc�^meGt £ �d^d¦;HK��DaL | ��WXJZP`eM^drYD(tV��P��D;e�TEz CEWYLZJZH`t C#Hwc�^dr ¢�HK�@D(tVH@P`r y��RgLZQ@J=[YHKP�LMQ�eTVQ(esLZH`z u�P�^dP(LZDG�(JZHKLMD;r�HKFXF`JMQ�H@] | LZQ��dD;H@JMPX^dPX���`Hwh@D:es^mHKPqPXDaLi{�Q@JZ­Ye\Q@SUJMW`�_D:eGz���P#"%$ � �� � � h ���&� �"�dh���h�� � h ��� � � �1g �wh �Wh � ���pg ���Kt`F`HK�(D;eH 0'��2:4XzX[�FXJZ^_PX�(DGJ:t |�}M} 4KH`z

¥(D;eZeMD�C#Hwc�^me;tl£U�_^d¦;H@�IDGL | ��WXJZP`eM^drYD(t���P��D;ejTEz�C\WYLZJZH`tlC#Hwc�^dr2¢�HK�(D@t��\HK� | W���H@NjHK­�JM^me | nP`H@P8t�y��R_LMQ@J [YHKP�LZQ(e�TVQ(esLZHXt:HKP`r ¥@W`rXD�[ | Hwc��d^_­ z�y\^dDG{ �dD;H@JMPX^dPX�RS�Q(JlesLZHKLM^meiLZ^d];HK��JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@��dD;HKJZPX^dPX�`}wk5^_L | HKPOHKFXF`�_^m]GHKLM^dQ@PLZQ�NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | h(z(��P� � � h%h ��g � ��j � � � h�")(�� �� ����h��+*����� g����� �,� �g ����� ��S�dh ��h ��� h �� � ��� g � �dg�� �-�����h � � g �;h�� � hGt8F`H@�@D;e �);:;.� �+ ��`tI£VrY^_P��XW`JM� | t[Y]GQKLM�mHKPIr�t |�};} 4�� z

5 z(k5^_�d�d^dH@N £U­��dWXP`r8z�[ | Q@JMLZH@�@D QKSH[�W`HK�d^b^`D;rO�XJZD;H(eiL ^dNjHK�(DGJfe�]aQ@W`�drO�dD;H(r LMQ]aJZ^mes^meGz/�Eg�� �!�� � �Mg � �@t |;| } �61+� ���`t |M}M}M} z

`\^_JV¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP8tKC#Hwc�^dr 5#DG^d�@D;J;tKH@P`r p=Q@^mesD:e 5#Q@�mrXeM¦GNO^drYL;zI� Hwh(D;eM^dH@P PXDGLi{VQ(JM­Ye ]a�mH@eZes^b^`D;JZe;z

Page 22: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

�"� �c�*�'���#��� 2��$

� � � �1g �wh ��h � ���pg � �@t | 2X}=1 �61 ��1 ���Xt8192:2);�z`�^dJR¤XJZ^_D:rYNjHKP8t1X8^meMD�5#DaLZQ�Q@J:t�C#HKF | PXD 7�Q@�d�_D;J;t�HKP`r�u�c�^�¢�S�De\�D;J;zaX8D:HKJZPX^_P`�FXJZQ@�`H@�X^_�d^meiLZ^d]JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK� N QYrYD;�de;z ��P � � � h h ��g � ��j � ���ph " $ � � �� ��h ������� g����� � � �g � ��� ��S�dh ��h ��� h �� ���Vg � �eg�� � �����h � � g �;h�� � hGzI[�LZQ�]f­ | Q(�_N�tI[Y{VD:rYDGP8t 1�232:2@HXz

`�^dJl¤`JM^dD;rXNOH@P8t:� S LZH@] | `\H@] | NOH@P8twHKP`r�CEH@P`HXzw¢ D!� DGJ:zMX8D:HKJZPX^dPX�\� Hwh@D:es^mHKP `\DaLi{�Q@JZ­�[�LZJMWI]ynLZWXJZD\S�JZQ@N p H(eMeM^dc@D�CEHKLZH@eMDaLfeG}1n | D �Z[YF`HKJfesD3T�HKP`rX^drXHKLMD ��u\�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N�z���P�� � � h%h ��g � ��j � ���ph " � � � � �"�dh��%h ���%h � � � � h ��� ��g ��� �Dg � � ��� g � �dg�� � �� ��h � � g ��h ��� hat8FIHK�@D:e |�} ��� | 1�4Xt[XHKP�¤XJfHKP`]G^deZ]aQItXT�u t+192:232@�8zYp=Q@JZ�(H@P 73HKWXS�NOH@PXP�¢ WX�X�d^me | D;JZe;z

CEH@P 5#DG^d�@D;J;z�u\P/DGP�LMJZQ@F�h�n �`H@eMD;r �dD;HKJZPX^dPX� H@�_�(Q@JZ^gL | N Q@S8��Hwh(D;eM^dH@Pj]aQ@PIrY^gLZ^_Q(P`HK�ILMJZDGD:eGz ��P� � � h h ��g ����j � � � h��!����� �"�dh���h�� � h �� � � � h���� ��g � � �Eg � � ���Vg � �eg�� � �� ��h � � g ��h ��� hat�F`HK�(D;e2 | �2);�tY[YH@P�p HKLMD;Q`tIT�ut&19232 | zYp=Q(JM��HKP 73H@WYS�NjHKPXP�¢ W`�X�_^me | DGJfeGz

p HKJZ­ 5#Q(H(rYJZ^d] | toX Q@WX^me ¡E�_^dF | H@P�L;t�HKP`r"¥(W`rYD/[ | Hwc��d^_­ z,X8D:HKJZPX^_P`��£ PIesD;N �X�dD;e�Q@S�¤l^_JfesLsn¡EJfrYD;JVTV�dH@W`esD:e S�Q@JV�RD;];HK�d�gn�¢ JZD;]G^deM^_Q(POTVWXJZc@D:eG}(u T�H@eMD\[�LMWIrYh�^dP/��^_Q(NOD;rY^m]GH@�X��PYS�Q@JZNjH�nLZ^_Q(P�£cm�LZJZH(]yLZ^_Q(P8z(��P � � � h%h ��g � ��j � ���ph�"���� � �� ��h ������� g����� �/� ��S�dh ��h ��� h �� �� �� ��� g3f�h� ��g � � � � � � �g ���Kt�¢ Q@JMLMQ`t�¢ Q@JMLMW`�(HK� t |�};} 0`z

CEHwc�^mr � D;]f­(DGJZNOH@P8tUT | JZ^desLMQ(F | DGJjp=D;DG­ t HKPIr2C#HKF | PXD 7�Q@�d�_D;J;z ¢ JZQ@�`H@�X^d�_^meiLZ^d]�£ P�LZ^gLih�n��DG�mH�LM^dQ@PIe | ^dF p=QYrYD;�de;t�¢U��pqeGtwHKP`r�¢ �mH�LZDVp=QYrYD;�de;t�n D:] | PX^m]GHK���RD;FIQ(JsL�pq[Y� n�nR� n |�};} 0Kn� } tYp=^m]aJZQ(eMQKS L��RD:esD:HKJf] | z/n�D;] | PX^d];HK��JZDGF�Q@JML;tXp=^m]aJZQ(eMQKS L��RD:esD:HKJf] | t |�};} 0`z

T | HKJZ�dD;e&73H | P8t"X8^dP`rXHE�RQ@��DGJMLZe;t�73HKL | D;JM^dPXD [ | H�\ DGJ:twHKP`r�¢ DaLMD;J � H@rXrXHw{Rh(z�TVQ(P`eiLZJMWI]yLM^dQ@PQ@S`H�� Hwh@D:es^mHKP�PXDGLi{VQ(JM­ES�Q@J�NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | ^d] rX^dH@�@PXQ�es^me�QKSX�`JMD:H@esL�]GH@P`]aD;J;z � �� � ��g� �� h � �dt | ;Y}�1�2�� | 2Xt819232�;�z

7�JM^mesLM^mHKP 7�DGJfeiLZ^_P`�\HKP`r:X W`]UCEDV�\HKD;rYL;z(� H(es^m]�FXJZ^_PI]a^dFX�_D:e Q@SY�_D:HKJZPX^_P`�\� Hwh@D;eM^mHKP��_Q(�@^m]�FXJZQKn�(JZH@NjeGz�n�D;] | PX^d];HK� JZDGF�Q@JML;t���P`esLM^_LMWYLZDES�Q(J\TVQ@NOFXWYLZDGJ�[Y]a^dDGPI]aD@tYb\PX^_c(DGJfes^_LihjQKSl¤XJZDG^d�XWXJZ�`t5#D;JMNjH@P�h(t |�}M}�| z

u�JZPXQ"¥`z 7�PXQ(�X�ID(t p HKJf]orXD � H@H(eGt�HKPIr%u�JZPXQ [�^dDG��D;e;z2¢ JZQ@F�Q(eM^_LM^dQ@P`H@�_^meMHKLM^dQ@P�H@P`r2H@�Kn�(JMD;�(HKLMD;e;zo��P � � � h h ��g ��� � � � h�� � � � � � h � � � �"�dh���h�� � h ��� �'g ���dg ���bh'j � � � � ��rg ��g � � � ���� ���i ��h � �;h �Eg*j � �f"h ����tXF`H@�@D:e | ;3;!� | + Xt |�};} 1@z

`�^dDG�me9X�HKP`rX{VD | J;t�7�JM^mesLM^mHKP 7�DGJfesLM^dPX�`t�HKP`r{X W`] CEDO��HKD:r�L;zEP`¤l¡E�#XU}`��P�LMD;�@JfH�LM^dPX� `EHK^dc@D� Hwh(D;e H@P`r/¤l¡E�#XUz���P� ��� g����� � � ��S�dh ��h ��� h � � ���Vg � �eg�� � �� ��h � � g ��h ��h ��� � � ���t |�}M} 4Yz

[�LMD;F | D;P�p=W`�@�@�dDaLZQ@P8z���P`rYW`]aLM^dc@D_X8Q(�@^m]�¢UJMQ(�@JfHKNONO^_P`�`z�Ehei� )h��wh � ��� g��� � �$ �Vg � �@t `} | 2:4�� �61" Xt819232�1@z

[�LMD;F | D;P�p=W`�@�@�dDaLZQ@P8z,X8D:HKJZPX^dPX��esLMQY] | H(eiLZ^d]��dQ@�@^m]�FXJMQ(�@JfHKNje;z�� �bh ��� � ��pg � � � � j�� � �Vg� �pjg � � ��� g � �dg�� � �� ��h � � g ��h ��� hat60wY } 0�1BZat |�};}M} z

¥@D;PXPX^_S�DGJ�`\DGc�^d�_�dD@twCEHwc�^mr�¥@D;P`esD;P8t�X ^deZHR¤XJZ^dD;rY�mHKP`r8t;HKPIr3p=^d] | HKDG� � Hwh@z�X D;H@JMPX^dPX�RJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�F`JMQ(�`HK�X^d�d^gLih�LZJMD;D;e;zj��P � � � h h ��g � ��j � � � h (�� � � � � ��� �� ��� �� ��h ������� g����� � � � *�dh ��h�� � h ���� � �i �bh � ��h �Eg*j � �f"h ��� � � � � ��� � �rg �pg ���Kt�FIHK�@D:e � | 4�� ��� } zXu\T�p ¢ JZD;eZeGt|M}M} �Xz

TV�dH@W`rY^mH ¢ D;JM�d^d] | H@P`r ¤`Q(esLMD;J�¢UJMQ�c(Q(esL;z u\�@�@JZDG��H�LZ^_Q(PYn �IH@eMD;r S�D;H�LZWXJZD2^dP�c@DGP�LZ^_Q(P HKP`rJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK�Y]GQ@P`]GDGFYLU]G�dH(eMeMD;e;zY��P � � �%h h ��g ����j � � � h (�� � � � � � � �� � � �����h ����� �Vg� � � �� ��S�dh ��h ��� h ���� ���i ��h � �;h �Eg*j � �f"h ��� ����� � � � � �rg ��g � �@t`F`H@�@D;e�1 �);.� 1 ; �Xt |�}M} �Xz

b�JZQ(e�¢ Q@NOFID�HKP`r'���@Q@J 7�Q@PXQ(PXDGP`­@Q`zs`\HK^dc@D�� Hwh@D;eM^mHKP5]a�mH@eZes^b^`D;Jo{R^_L | ^dP �#X�¢�n��3z ��P

Page 23: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

�c�*�'�������12��$ � �

X zIC\D �\HKD;rYL;t`D:rY^_LMQ@J:t � � � h h ��g � � � � � h ��� � ����h���� � �Vg� � � ��� � ��j �� � � ���6 � �Vg3f"h� ��Mg ��� � �� � � 6g � �@t`F`H@�@D:e 081 ;!�)0 � �Xt�192:2:4Yz

u\�_DemXHKP`rYJZ^dP�¢ Q(FID:eM]GWX��HKPIr X h��_D � zUb�PX��HKJ:z [�LfH�LM^mesLM^m]GHK�\JMD;�dHKLM^dQ@P`H@�R�_D:HKJZPX^_P`��S�Q(J/�d^_PX­FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_Q(P8z ��P�� � ��j �� � �� �Wh � ���pg ��� � � � �Vg*j�� g � � �/� ��;h�� j � � ��h � � �Vg� � � � � � � � ��� � � � ������ �Kt |�};} �Xz

u\�_DemXHKP`rYJZ^dP ¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aWX� H@P`r{X h��dD � z�b\PX�(H@J;z\TV�dW`eiLZDGJMn �IH@eMD;r�]aQ(P`]aD;FYLE^dP�c@DGP�LZ^_Q(P�S�Q(JEesLZHKnLM^mesLM^m]GHK�RJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK� �dD;H@JMPX^dPX�Iz2��P�k�Q@P 7�^_N�tU�RQ(P 7�Q | Hwc�^Bt�¥(Q | H@PXPXD:e 5#D | JZ­@D@t H@P`rk5^d�_�d^dH@N C\WIp=Q@W`] | DG� t�D:rY^_LMQ@Jfe;t � � � h h ��g ����j � ���ph� �h � ���� � � � � �� � � ����h���� ��*�Vg� ��� � � ��S�dh ��h�� � h � � ���i ��h � �;h � g*j � �f�h ��� ����� � ��� �&�rg �pg ���KtRFIHK�@D:e � �:4�� �); } t|�};} 0Iz

u\�_DemXHKP`rYJZ^dP�¢ Q@F�D;eZ]aW`�Bt X8h��dD � zXb�PX��HKJ:tY[�LMDGc(D�X�Hw{RJMD;P`]aD(t�H@P`roC#Hwc�^dr�p zX¢ DGP`PXQY]f­�zWn Q@n{ HKJfrXe�esLMJZW`]aLMWXJfHK���_Q(�@^meiLZ^d]VJZDG�@JZD;eZeM^_Q(P8}:TVQ@N��X^dPX^_P`�EJZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK��HKP`r�eiLfH�LZ^desLM^m]GH@���dD;H@JMP`^_PX�Iz��P� � �"j �� � ��� � �Vg * ��h � ��� g����� � � ��� � �ug ��g � � � ��� � � t |�};};| z

u\�_DemXHKP`rYJZ^dP ¢ Q(FID:eM]GWX�Bt)X h��dD � z�b\PX�(H@J;t�[�LZDGc@D�X�Hw{RJMD;P`]aD(t H@P`r CEHwc�^mr p z�¢ D;PXPXQY]f­ z[�LfH�LM^mesLM^m]GHK��JZDG�mH�LZ^_Q(P`HK� �dD;H@JMPX^dPX� S�Q@J�rXQ�]GWXNODGP�LRNO^_PX^dPX�Iz���P '� � �� �@t`F`H@�@D:e | ; 4�� | | t|�};} �`z

�\HK� | W ��HKNjHK­�JZ^de | P`H@P H@P`r ¥@Q | HKPXP`D;e 5#D | JZ­@D(z � � � �!� ��jdh#� ����� �;h�,h���� � �"j���h �jyzp ]�5#JZHw{ � ^_�d� t |�};}M} z

pqH�LsL �R^d] | HKJfrXesQ(P HKP`r ¢ D;rXJMQ CEQ@NO^dPX�@Q�eGz pqHKJZ­@Q�c �dQ@�(^d] PXDGLi{VQ(JM­Ye;z| LsLZF8} ~(~w{R{R{3z ]Ge;z { H@e | ^dPX�KLZQ@P8z D;rXW�~ | Q(NOD;ey~wF�D;rYJZQYrI~w­��XNOP8z F�rYSit |M}M} 0Iz

y��R_LMQ@J [YHKP�LMQ�e�TVQ(esLZH`t C#Hwc�^mr ¢�HK�(D@t8p H@�_D;D | H�#H@¦G^ t�H@P`r ¥(H@NOD;e�TVW`eZeMDGP`e;z=T X�¢�Y���� Zy}TVQ@PIeiLZJZH@^_P�LEX8Q(�@^m]j¢ JZQ@�(JZH@N NO^dPX��S�Q@J�¢UJMQ(�`HK�`^_�d^desLM^m] 7�PXQ�{R�dD;rY�(D@z���P � � �%h h ��g ����j �� � h ")(�� � � �S�dh ��h�� � h �� � ��� h���� ��g � � �9g ��� ��� g � �dg�� �'�����h � � g �;h�� � h�� � � �� �+��twF`H@�@D;e 41 ;.�4 | 0`tYu\];HKFXW`�d]GQ`tXp=Dem�^m]aQItXu�WX�(W`esL |�}M} �Xz

nlHK^meMWX­@D[YHKLMQ`z�u esLZH�LZ^desLM^m]GH@�8�dD;HKJZPX^dPX�ONODaL | Q�r�S�Q(J��dQ@�@^m]�FXJZQ@�(JZH@NOe�{R^_L | rY^mesLMJZ^_�XWXLM^dQ@P`H@�eMDGNjHKP�LM^m]Ge;z ��PtXUz [�LMDGJZ�d^_PX�It�D:rY^_LMQ@J:t�� � � h h ��g ����j � � � h� �ilh � � � ����h���� � �Vg� � � � � �� *�dh ��h ��� h � � �Mg �� � �� � � 6g � �@t�F`HK�(D;e ;�1�4��6; | 2Xt T�HKN �`JM^mrY�@D(tIp H(eMeZH@] | W`eMDaLMLZe;t(1�232)4Yzp=�#n ¢ JZD;eZeGz

£VrY{ HKJfr%[�^m]f­��dD;e;t CEWX�d]Gh�k�Q@�dc@DGJMLMQ(P8t�HKP`r 73H�L | DGJZ^dPXD�CEDGD(z5¢ DGJMS�Q@JZNOH@P`]aDoF`HKJfHKNODaLZDGJfeS�Q@J3eZ]aJZDGD;PX^_P`��H@P`rqrY^mHK�(PXQ(esLM^m]�NOH@NON Q(�@JfHKF | h } esF�D;]G^dH@�_^meiL3HKPIrq�(DGPXD;JZH@��JfH@rY^dQ@�dQ@�(^desLZe;z� ����g� � ��!��t |M| 0I} �61 �� ��:2Xt |M}M};| z

uEe | {R^dP�[YJM^dPX^dcwH(eMH@P8z � h � �bh � � � ������ ��t |�};} 1(zuEe | {R^dP [YJM^dPX^dcwH(eMH@P HKPIr �RQ�eMe 7�^dPX�`z ¤XD;HKLMWXJZD�]aQ@PIeiLZJMW`]aLM^dQ@P {R^gL | ^dP`rYW`]aLM^dc@D��dQ@�@^m]FXJZQ@�(JZH@N NO^dPX�`} u eiLZW`rYh�QKS [�W`H@P(LZ^gLfH�LZ^_c(D FXJZD;rY^m]yLZ^_Q(P`e/Q@S��`^_Q(�_Q(�@^m]GHK�EH@]yLZ^_c�^_Lih H@^drXD;r��h%esLMJZW`]yLZWXJZH@��H�LMLMJZ^_�XWXLMD;e;z5��P � � � h%h ��g � � � � � h � � � �� ��h ������� g����� � � � �"j �� � ���� �� ��� g3f�h � ��g � � � � � � �g ���KtIF`HK�(D;eH 32���1 } 0`t�192:2);Yz

��D;P6nlH@eM­�HKJ:t:¢U^_DGLMDGJ u\�X��DGDG� t@H@P`r C#HKF | PXD 7�Q@�d�_D;J;zYCE^deZ]aJZ^dN ^dP`HKLM^dc@D FXJZQ@�`H@�X^_�d^meiLZ^d]VNOQ�rXDG�meS�Q@J#JZDG�mH�LM^dQ@PIHK� rXH�LfHXz���P�uErYP`HKP�CEH@JM{R^m] | D HKP`r{`\^_J3¤`JM^dD;rYNjH@P8t D;rY^_LMQ(JZe;t/� � � h h ��g ����j � � � h "��!��� � ��S�dh ��h�� � h4g � � � � h ��� ��g ��� �7g � � ��� g � �dg�� � �� ��h � � g ��h ���%hGt8F`H@�@D:e 0� :4��)0:2 | zp=Q(JM��HKP 73H@WYS�NjHKPXP t |�}M}�| z

TVD;�_^dPXDcy�D;P`e;t:u\PXPXDG�dDGD;P:y HKP uEeMeZ] | D(t � D;P`rYJZ^_­3���_QY]f­(DGDG� tGH@P`r[YH��esQRC��¦GD;JMQ�es­�^ zw¤l^dJZesL Q(JZrYD;J

Page 24: p r ;* T - biostat.wisc.edupage/jdavis-srlbook.pdfp r ; * T T57e8 8: # .;+ < Ca + Lucent Centered +. Disease Tubular Density Ca + Amorphous Ca + Dystrophic Mass Margins Ca + Round

� � �c�*�'���#��� 2��$

JfHKPIrYQ@N�S�Q(JMD:eiLfe�{R^_L | ]GQ@NOFX�dDdm�H@�@�@JZDG��H�LZD;e;z(��P� � � h%h ��g � ��j � � � h�" ��� � �����h ����� �Vg� � � �� ��S�dh ��h ��� h �� �� �� ��� g3f�h � ��g � � � �� � � 6g � �@tXF`HK�(D;e � | ��� � 0 } t |M}M} 0`z