RTI International is a registered trademark and a trade name of Research Triangle Institute.

RTI’s Warm Gas Desulphurization Technology

Technology Overview and Journey to Commercialization

www.rti.orgRTI International is a registered trademark and a trade name of Research Triangle Institute.

RTI’s Warm Gas Desulphurization Technology

Technology Overview and Journey to Commercialization

P. Prasanna

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Objective of the presentation Overview of RTI’s Warm-Gas Desulphurization Process

Advantages1. Process is energy efficient 2. Allows use of Sweet WGS in place of Sour WGS

Value Propositionallows for desulphurization process to be conducted

temperatures (as high as 6500C) and decouples S and

Journey Of Commercialization (JOC)

Value PropositionRTI has the technical capability and commercial expertise to scaleand commercialize a given technology.

Study1. Detailed Overview of WDP’s JOC2. Status of other Energy technologies in their JOC

1

2

Gas Desulphurization Process

conducted at higherand CO2 removal.

50 MWeq Demonstration Plant

Journey Of Commercialization (JOC)

RTI has the technical capability and commercial expertise to scale-up

RTI patented the infraredtechnology upon which SWIRSystems will base its productsnew company is acommercialization successthe institute.” – Dr. Wayne Holden

Compared internal capabilities with

customer needs to narrow focus on gasification work

Gasification process block-wise analysis to narrow down at clean-up process

ChinaCoal accounts for 85% of feedstock for China’s methanol production. In actual terms, more than 3 billion tons of coal are consumed annually.

South Africa South Africa is another promising country for coal to liquids.

IndiaIndia is pushing for Methanol Economy using indigenous coal.

United States and EuropeWith the current shale oil boom in the US and a focus on renewables in Europe, market need of the technologyhas reduced significantly

Approach to Technology Development and Continuous Tech Relevance Assessment

Relevance today

Focused Technology Development Approach

Gasification process wise analysis

to narrow down at up process

Developed a syngas clean-up technology

which works at higher temperatures

ChinaCoal accounts for 85% of feedstock for China’s methanol production. In actual terms, more than 3 billion tons

South Africa South Africa is another promising country for coal to liquids.

IndiaIndia is pushing for Methanol Economy using indigenous coal.

United States and EuropeWith the current shale oil boom in the US and a focus on renewables in Europe, market need of the technology

Approach to Technology Development and Continuous Tech Relevance Assessment

Relevance today

Focused Technology Development Approach

Technical Details of Warm-Gas Desulphurization Process (WDP)Role of WDP technology

Applications of WDP

Enables high removal of total Sulphur (≥99.9%) from syngas at temperatures as high as 6500C

RTI Proprietary Desulfurization Sorbent Unique highly-dispersed

nanostructures Developed in long-term cooperation

with Clariant (~100 tons to date) Covered by extensive US &

International patents, including several recent improvements

Applicable to both new as well as retrofit systems

Extensive Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) has been undertaken for WDP.

Customized TEA can be developed as per needs of the customer.

Gas Desulphurization Process (WDP)

REGENERATED SORBENT TO ADSORBER MIXING ZONE

REGENERATEDSORBENT

RAW SYNGAS

CLEAN SYNGAS

N2/O2(Air)

SOTO RECOVERY

RTI Warm Gas Desulfurization Process (WDP)

250-650°CADSORBER(REACTOR)

650-750°CREGENERATOR

(REACTOR)

WDP Process

Advantages

Use of Sweet Water Gas Shift (WGS) Reactor in place of Sour WGS Reactor

Easier downstream processing of Sulphur and CO2

Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of WarmBase Case for Chemicals (e.g., Methanol): Sour Water-Gas Shift (WGS) + Syngas Cooling + RectisolClaus/SCOT® Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU)RTI WDP Cases: WDP + Sweet WGS + Syngas Cooling + CO2 Capture + Modified Claus/DYNAWAVE

CO2 capture options for WDP CasesRectisol® (chilled methanol, Linde/Lurgi) || Selexol™ (DEPG solvent, UOP) || Activated amines (e.g., BASF

Technology used in RTI Demo Plant

CAPEX reduced ~50%

Base CaseRTI WDP + Rectisol®

RTI WDP + Selexol™

RTI WDP + aMDEA®

Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA): Coal to Methanol Case (2 x 300-MWequiv Shell-type solids

Shenhua Mix or PRB coal)

Important Note:These analyses do not include additional benefits to the entire plant that might occur from overall efficiency savings.

Value PropositionRTI WDP improves economics for all carbon capture options

Economic Analysis (TEA) of Warm-Gas Desulphurization (WDP)

Rectisol® Acid-Gas Recovery (AGS) +

Capture + Modified Claus/DYNAWAVE® SRU

capture options for WDP Cases(DEPG solvent, UOP) || Activated amines (e.g., BASF aMDEA

Non-labor, non-feedstock operating costs

OPEX reduced

>50%

Rectisol®Base Case

RTI WDP + Rectisol®

RTI WDP + Selexol™

Economic Analysis (TEA): Coal to Methanol Case type solids-fed gasifiers with

Shenhua Mix or PRB coal)

These analyses do not include additional benefits to the entire plant that might occur from overall efficiency savings.

Value PropositionRTI WDP improves economics for all carbon capture options

Journey of Commercialization

Invention (2001) Invention (2001) Proprietary RTI sorbent High attrition resistance

Lab/bench testing (2001Lab/bench testing (2001--2003)2003)• RTI International, NC• Concept proven & modeled

Pilot testing (2006Pilot testing (2006--2008)2008)• Eastman Chemical Co., TN• 3000 hr, coal-derived syngas

Case Study: Warm-Gas Desulphurization (WDP)

Two processes followedSpin-off

IP/Tech

Financing

TeamA strong IP/ tech portfolio

development/ External acquisition to develop the right

Capability to either invest or bring-in external investment

2008)2008)Eastman Chemical Co., TN

derived syngas

Demonstration Demonstration –– Syngas Cleanup & COSyngas Cleanup & CO22 Capture (2010Capture (2010--2016)2016)• Tampa Electric Co., Polk 1 IGCC Plant, FL• Testing underway, 50-MWequiv scale, coal/petcoke-derived syngas

Gas Desulphurization (WDP)

Two processes followed Licensing

IP/Tech

Financing

TeamExternalCompanyCo-Develop

LicenseOthers

Journey of Commercialization – Challenges and Achievements Challenges

Achievements

Internal

Technical Managerial FinancialUncertainty in site

Involvement of Experts on ancillary equipment design

• Uncertainty and delay in permits

• Better understanding of DOE approval process

• Provisions and restriction of funding mechanism

Implementation

Construction achieved on schedule and under budget>500,000 total hours with minimal injury (minor first aid)Sorbent design & performance met/ exceeded expectationsProject team selection, alignment and organization

Multiple Stakeholders

Challenges and Achievements Challenges

Achievements

External

Market• Financial crash of

2008• Introduction of

Shale Oil and Gas

Licensing

• Extensive experience in implementing similar technologies

• Licensed the technology to design, engineer, procure, construct, retrofit, commission, start-up, operate, repair and maintain facilities

• Extensive experience in developing similar sorbents

• Licensed the technology to make, sell and distribute the product.

Journey of Commercialization for other Energy Technologies at RTIResearch and Development

Breakthrough Engineering for Gasified Coal

Cleanup at Modular Scale

Utilization of Captured Carbon

Carbon Recovery from Water During Biofuel Production

High Value Methoxyphenols from Biocrude

Emissions Mitigation

Technology for Advanced Water-

Lean Solvent

Journey of Commercialization for other Energy Technologies at RTIPilot Testing Demonstration

Non-Aqueous Solvent CO2

Capture Technology

Clean Coal Technology

Modular Process for Coal and Biomass to Liquid Fuel and

Chemicals

Micro-Scale Reformer for

Methane to Syngas

Summary and Way ForwardSummary: 2 Objectives

Way Forward: 2 Offerings from RTI

WDP Tech Overview

Tech availability for CXN

Technology developed from concept (TRL 1)

Current status: Technology has been licensed with partners

1

1

Non-Aqueous Solvent CO2 Capture Technology

Carbon Capture Utilization

Micro-scale reformer for methane to syngas

High Value Methoxyphenols from Biocrude

Summary: 2 Objectives

Way Forward: 2 Offerings from RTI

Journey of CXN

IP/Tech

Financing

Team

Spin-off Licensing

Expertise in Commercialization

Scale-up of technology

Deal preparation

(spin-off/ licensing)

Network to find solutions

2

2

RTI International

Prasanna Perumalpperumal@rti.org+91-9711975127

Thanks

Mr. Atish KatariaMs. Caroline Ball Mr. Dennis Gilmore

Team

Program Host and Sponsors

Participants

Notable Contributions

PartnersDr. Raghubir Gupta

Mr. Dennis Gilmore Mr. Shalabh Srivastava