P OSSIBLE Essay Sections ( REQUIREMENTS SET OUT ON P. 1 OF A SSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS ) 1. Introduction including description of source of questionnaire

POSSIBLE Essay Sections(REQUIREMENTS SET OUT ON P. 1 OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS)

1. Introduction including description of source of questionnaire words (TLS)

2. Method the questionnaire (including details of informants), etc.

3. Hypothesis

4. Dictionary Data

5. Results questionnaire results, with graphs / tables

6. Analysis any patterns in informant results; any (speculative) reason for certain informants knowing/using or not knowing/using certain words?

7. Summary / Conclusion including thoughts on weaknesses of method

Word Count (2000 words +/- 10% = 1800-2200 words)

Bibliography (not included in word count)

Appendix / Appendices e.g. table of dictionary data (not included in word count)


1. Introduction including description of source (TLS project & interview transcript)

2. The Questionnaire2.1 The Words: Dictionary Data summary (with fuller details in Appendix)

2.2 The Informants

3. The Investigation3.1 Hypothesis3.2 Questionnaire Results3.3 Analysis

4. Conclusion summarize results/analysis; evaluate method







2.2 The Informants






2.1 The Words: Dictionary Data2.1.1 Heslop’s Northumberland Words2.1.2 Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary2.1.3 The OED2.1.4 Other Sources




2.2 The Informants






4. Conclusion4.1 Summary4.2 Evaluation

Graphs & Tables Possible Formats for Dictionary Data Table

WORD

NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS

ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY

OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY

bairn ‘A child’.

Definition describes it as ‘homely word’,‘full of affectionate tenderness’.

Separate entries for bairnish, bairn’s-play and bairn-team.

1. ‘a child’

2. in various compounds (e.g. bairn-bed, ‘womb’)

3. ‘a female child, a girl’

4. ‘a term of familiarity used irrespective of age; also used contemptuously’

5. ‘an ejaculative expression’

6. VERB: ‘to beget, conceive’

Recorded in: Scotland, Ireland & the Northern Counties of England (as far south as Leicestershire)

Separate entries for related words, e.g. bairnish, bairnless, bairn-team (‘a large family’)

Old English bearn(similar words in other Germanic lang)

Northern English spelling = <barn>Scottish spelling = <bairn>

‘A child; a son or daughter. (Expressing relationship, rather than age.)’

Compounds, ‘all northern dialect’, e.g. bairn-dole, ‘a child’s portion’.

Also bairnie, ‘little child’, bairnish, and bairnishness – all ‘northern dialect’.

Separate entries for other related words, all identified as Scottish and/or Northern English dialect words (some marked as obsolete): e.g. bairnhood, bairnliness, bairnly, bairn-team.


WORD




bairn ‘A child’.

Definition describes it as ‘homely word’,‘full of affectionate tenderness’.

1. ‘a child’

Also records compounds (2), and other senses, e.g. ‘a female child’ (3), and verb ‘to conceive’ (6).


Old English bearn(similar words in other Germanic lang)


Compounds, ‘all northern dialect’, e.g. bairn-dole, ‘a child’s portion’.


WORD




bairn ‘A child’. 1. ‘a child’


Old English bearn


Format and ReferencesThe School of English Literature, Language & Linguistics Style Guide, 2009-2010 (p. 17) has the following to say about the general presentation of submitted work:

‘All submissions should be word-processed on A4 paper, and printed, preferably on both sides of the paper, with margins of at least 1 inch (4cm) or the default in Word. The text should be 1.5 or double spaced. The recommended type size is 12 point, and the font Times New Roman or similar.’

New paragraphs are marked by indentation of the first line (though this isn’t required for an essay’s first paragraph, or the first paragraph after a new heading/subtitle), rather than by a blank line separating the paragraphs i.e. the format is that of most books, rather than that of business letters.

In other words, it should look something like this:

1. Beginning of essay / new section / new sub-section

The School of English Literature, Language & Linguistics Style Guide,

2009-2010 (p. 17) has the following to say about the general presentation of

submitted work: ‘All submissions should be word-processed on A4 paper,

and printed, preferably on both sides of the paper, with margins of at least 1

inch (4cm) or the default in Word. The text should be 1.5 or double spaced.

The recommended type size is 12 point, and the font Times New Roman or

similar.’

New paragraphs are marked by indentation of the first line (though

this isn’t required for an essay’s first paragraph, or the first paragraph after a

new heading/subtitle), rather than by a blank line separating the paragraphs

i.e. the format is that of most books, rather than that of business letters.

Format and ReferencesReferences in the text —When citing a book or article, the form “(AUTHOR NAME/S DATE: PAGE/S)” should be used, whether following a direct quotation, a paraphrase, or an allusion:

If you mention the author(s) in your main sentence, then only DATE & PAGE need appear in brackets:

Note: punctuation, like the full stop ending the sentence above, comes after the bracketed reference.

… even the RP accent changes over time (Hughes & Trudgill 1996: 4) …

… it is important to recognize that differences between accents are ‘not a matter of correctness, but of appropriateness’ (Hughes & Trudgill 1996: 5).

... Hughes and Trudgill argue that differences between accents are ‘not a matter of correctness, but of appropriateness’ (1996: 5).

Format and ReferencesReferences in the text — DictionariesWhen referring to dictionaries, giving the name of (or abbreviation for) the dictionary will suffice.

At first reference, give the name and indicate the abbreviation you are subsequently going to use:

Thereafter, just the abbreviation:

Note: you don’t need to give a page number for a dictionary entry; they’re arranged alphabetically after all.

… the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines bairn as …

… the entry for bairn in Wright’s English Dialect Dictionary (1896-1905; hereafter, EDD) …

… the OED does not contain an entry for …

… the EDD entry indicates that this word was used in Scotland and northern England…

Format and ReferencesReferences in the text — WebsitesIf the author is named, give the name as you would with a book (year/page may or may not be known or relevant); otherwise, give the title of the page/website, and possibly organization. Your aim should be to enable the reader to find the appropriate entry in your bibliography.

Note: at the first reference, you may wish to indicate that the source is a website, so that the reason for the absence of author name / year / page is clear.

... ahnint, which is a Geordie dialect word meaning ‘behind’ (Simpson 2009).

‘The UK is a rich landscape of regional accents anddialects’ (‘Sounds Familiar?’) …

‘The UK is a rich landscape of regional accents anddialects’ (‘Sounds Familiar?’ website) …

Format and References Bibliography entries —Books: NAME. YEAR. TITLE, edition (if 2nd+). CITY/PLACE: PUBLISHER.

Websites: AUTHOR. YEAR. ‘PAGE NAME’, WEBSITE NAME. ORGANIZATION.<WEB ADDRESS> (DATE ACCESSED).

AUTHOR/YEAR/ORGANIZATION may not be known or relevant. PAGE NAME may be the same thing as WEBSITE NAME. If you’ve referred to different pages, sections or subsections of a website, you may need to list additional page names and/or web addresses after the first (see ‘Sounds Familiar?’ example below).

Hughes, A., P. Trudgill & D. Watt. 2005. English Accents and Dialects: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of English in the British Isles, 4th edition. London: Hodder Arnold.

Simpson, D. 2009. ‘A Geordie Dictionary’, England’s North East. <http://www.englandsnortheast.co.uk/GeordieDictionary.html> (accessed 16 July 2010).

‘Sounds Familiar?’. The British Library. <www.bl.uk/soundsfamiliar>. ‘Sounds Familiar? Case Studies: Geordie’, <http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/geordie> (accessed 16 July 2010).

Format and References Bibliography entries —The appropriate bibliography entries for the required dictionaries are as follows (see also the ‘Introduction’ handout from Session 1):

Note: even where a source (e.g. a website, the OED) is listed according to its title, rather than an author/editor’s surname, it appears in the appropriate alphabetical position in the bibliography listing.

The NECTE website can be listed as follows (inc. page on TLS method):

Heslop, R. O. 1892. Northumberland words: a glossary of words used in the county of Northumberland and on the Tyneside (Harry Haldane). London: English Dialect Society.

Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition. 1989 (ed. J. A. Simpson & E. S. C. Weiner). 20 Vols. Oxford: OUP; and 3rd edition (in progress). 2000- (ed. J. A. Simpson). OED Online. <http://www.oed.com>.

Wright, J. 1896-1905. The English Dialect Dictionary. 6 Volumes. London: Times Book Club.

NECTE. Newcastle University. <http://www.ncl.ac.uk/necte> ‘Documentation: TLS and PVC base corpora’, <http://www.ncl.ac.uk/necte/basecorpora.htm> (accessed 16 July 2010)

Assessment Criteria‘You are reminded that in assessing the candidate’s work, the overall criterion for passing the Summer School is whether you feel the candidate has demonstrated his/her potential to succeed in Higher Education at Newcastle University. The table below indicates the areas of competence which you may wish to take into account when assessing the candidate’s overall potential. There is no particular weighting attached to these areas, as we recognise that this will vary across subjects.’

Knowledge & understanding of curriculum content & project work

Application of knowledge ... to new situations or experiments

Ability to analyse data, problems, issues ... in order to present appropriate and supported conclusions.

Ability to evaluate, distinguish between fact and opinion and assess information from a variety of sources to present reasoned conclusions.

Ability to write in an appropriate academic style ...

Ability to relate relevant generic skills to the academic project ...

Assessment Results & Feedback

1. The candidate has demonstrated excellent potentialto be successful at Newcastle University (e.g. PASS*)

2. The candidate has demonstrated potentialto be successful at Newcastle University (e.g. PASS)

3. The candidate does not demonstrate sufficient potentialto be successful at Newcastle University (e.g. FAIL)

• Comments relating to the result given• Recommendations for improving performance on the

chosen degree programme

Documents

P OSSIBLE Essay Sections ( REQUIREMENTS SET OUT ON P. 1 OF A SSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS ) 1. Introduction including description of source of questionnaire