Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ONLY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE AND PRIVATE CIRCULATION
s!f DFZL JFTPP
sZf DGMD\YG
s#f Table of tense s$f ;FDFlHS lJ7FG lJQFIJ:T] s5f AF,F 5|MH[S8 s&f H],F. ZFpg0 V5 s*f XaNSMXGM p5IMU s(f ;DF; s)f AF/ DGMlJ7FG
;\5FNS
lDY]G 58[,
DNNGLX lX1FS
zL ,[\0Fp 5|FPXF/F
TFP YZFN lHPAGF;SF\9F
V\S G\P o $ DF; o VMUQ8 JQF" o Z_!$
;FZF lX1F6GM wI[I K[ o DFGJGM lJSF;
1
JFRS lD+MG[ PPPP
VF ;FDlIS GM D]bI C[T] X{1Fl6S T[DH
JT"DFG 5|JFCMGL DFlCTL 5]ZL 5F0JFGM K[P
lD+M lX1FSM T[DH AF/SMG[ p5IMUL YFI
T[JF p5IMUL4 5|[Z6FNFIL4 8}\SF ,[BM
„7FG5ZA‟ DF8[ VFJSFI" K[P
VF5 VF56F X{1Fl6S ,[BM S[ lJRFZM
VDFZF .vD[., V[0=[; 5Z DMS,L XSM
KMP
H[ T[ ,[B S[ lJRFZ DF8[GL HJFANFZL H[ T[
,[BSGL ZC[X[P
„7FG5ZA‟ DF8[ VF56F 5|lTEFJM VG[
;}RGM C\D[XF VFJSFI" K[P
1
;]7 ;FZ:JT lD+M4
;FNZ GD:SFZ !
—7FG5ZAˆ GF VMUQ8vZ_!$ GF RMYF
V\SGF DFwIDYL VF5 ;F{G[ D/TF\ VG[ZF VFG\N
VG[ pt;FCGL ,FU6L VG]EJ]\ K]\P
VF5 ;F{ JFRS lD+M 5{SL 36F lD+M
;FDFlIS DF8[ ,JFHD l:JSFZL 5M:8YL DMS,L
VF5JF H6FJ[ K[P lD+M VF ;FDFlIS VF5 ;F{G]\
K[PVF ;FDFlIS DF8[ SM. 56 HFTG]\ ,JFHD
CF,DF\ S[ ElJQIDF\ l:JSFZJFDF\ VFJX[ GlCP
DFZL VF5 ;F{ lD+MG[ GD| lJG\TL K[ S[ VF5 T[GL
l5|g8 ,. VF5 VF56F VgI lD+M ;]WL
5CM\RF0XM TM DG[ VF SFDGM JW] VFG\N VFJX[P
VF V\SDF\ UIF V\SMGL H[D VF56[
AWFG[ YM0]\ DGMD\YG SZJF 5|[Z[ T[JL —T[ p3F0F
5U[ VFjIMPPPˆ GFD[ GFGL JFT D}SL K[Pp5ZF \T
VF5 ;F{G[ :5WF"tDS 5ZL1FFVMDF\ p5IMUL YFI
T[J]\ EFY]\ 5LZ;JFGM 5|IF; SIF[" K[PJFRG
lJX[QFDF\ ZFHIGL S[8,LS 5|FYlDS XF/FVMDF\
VD,L —AF,F 5|MH[S8ˆ lJX[ DFlCTL
VF5JFGM TYF H],F. DF;DF\ AG[,F VUtIGF
AGFJMGL TFZLBJFZ GM\W VF5JFGM GFGM 5|IF;
SZ[, K[P
VFXF ZFBLV[ KLV[ S[ VF V\S VF56G[
p5IMUL GLJ0X[P
HI HI UZJL U]HZFTˆ
VFEFZ ;C
lDY]G 58[,
!PDFZL JFTP
—7FG5ZAˆ NZ DF;GL ! YL # TFZLB NZlDIFG 5|SFlXT SZJFDF\
VFJ K[[PVF DFl;S 5+ DF8[ SM. 56 ,JFHD ,[JFDF\ VFJT]\ GYLP
—7FG5ZAˆ G[ VF56F .vD[., AM1FDF\ D[/JJF DF8[ SEND ME
GYANPARAB ,BLG[ VDFZF .vD[., V[0=[; 5Z DMS,L VF5J]\P Email: [email protected]
VF5 —7FG5ZAˆ G[ VMG,F.G
www.mspatel09.in
5ZYL 56 0FpG,M0 SZL XSM KMP
JFRS lD+MG[ PPPP
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 2
v U],FAZFI HMAG5]+F
V[S UFDDF\ V[S 0M;M VG[ V[S 0M;L ZC[TF CTF\P V[DG[ SM. ;\TFG G CT]\PGFG]\ DM8]\ J6F8G]\ SFD SZTF VG[ U]HZFG R,FJTF\PlNJF/LGM TC[JFZ VFJTM CTMP 0M;LV[ SCI]\ o —lNJF/LGM TC[JFZ VFJ[ K[ 4 56 3ZDF\ S\. K[ GlC 4 X]\ SZLX]\ m ˆ0M;FV[ V[S SFD/M CD6F\ H 5}ZM SIM" CTMP V[8,[ SCI]\ o — DG[ SFD/M N[ 4 C]\ J[RL VFJ]\ ˆ 0M;M SFD/M ,.G[ AFH]GF UFDDF\ J[RJF GLS?IMP V[ UFD DM8]\ CT]\ V[8,[ B5T ZC[TLP 0M;M VFBM NLˆ UFDDF \ OIM" 56 SFD/FG]\ SM. 3ZFS G YI]\P ;F\H 50JF VFJL S[ T[ 5MTFGF UFD 5FKM J?IMP
RF,TF\ RF,TF\ T[ V[S l+E[8[ 5CM\rIMPl+E[8[ V[S D\lNZ CT]\P D\lNZDF\ EUJFG ZFD lAZFHIF CTF4 D}lT" lJXF/ SNGL CTLP EUJFG ZFD E[UF ;LTF D{IF VG[ ,BG E{IF TM CMI H 4 56 VCL\ 4 D\lNZGL lJX[QFTF HF6M TM lJX[QFTF S[ 4 EUJFG ZFD V[S,F H lAZFHIF CTFP ;F\H -/L U. CTL4 V[8,[ 9\0L J/L U. CTLP VF JBT[ lCDF,IGL lUlZDF/FDF\ AZO JC[,M 50IM CTM4 V[8,[ 9\0L 56 J/L U. CTLP VFD 56 0M;FG[ 8F- 56 ,FUTL CTL VG[ YFSIM 56 CTM 4 V[8,[ EUJFG ZFDGF NX"G SZJF VG[ YM0M lJ;FDM BFJF D\lNZDF\ NFB, YIMP T[6[ EUJFG ZFDGF\ NX"G SIF" 4 VG[ T[GL D}lT" ;gD]B A[9MP ;EF D\05 B]<,M CTM4 9\0F 5JGGF ;];JF8F VFJTF CTFP 0M;FG[ 8F-G]\ ,B,B]\ VFJL HT]\ CT]\P T[ D}lT" ;FD[ V[S wIFG Y.G[ A[9M CTM VG[ SM6 HF6[ T[G[ YI]\ S[4 “DG[ 8F- ,FU[ K[4 TM DFZF JCF,FG[ GlC ,FUTL CMI m” T[G[ HF6[ SM.V[ NMIF["4 µEM YIM4 UE"U'CDF \ UIM VG[ EUJFG ZFDG[ SFD/M ,5[8L NLWMP VG[ AM<IM4 —,[ 5|E]4 CJ[ TG[ 8F- GlC ,FU[ˆ VF 5KL YM0M lJ;FDM BF.G[ T[ 5MTFGF UFD E6L RF,L GLS?IMP T[ 3Z[ 5CM\rIMP 0[,LGL ;F\S/ BB0FJLP 0M;LV[ 0[,L BM,LP 0M;FGF CFYDF\ SFD/M G CTMP 0M;LG[ YI]\ S[ SFD/M B5L UIM ,FU[ K[4 CCJ[ E,[ lNJF/L VFJ[ 0M;M 3ZDF\ NFB, YIMP T[ YFSL UUM CTM4 56 ;}TM GlC4 UMN0]\ VM-LG[ A[9MP 0M;L 56 T[GL 5F;[ A[9LP 5KL 0M;FV[ YM0LS lGZFXFDF\ SCI]\4 —VFH[ SFD/FG]\ SM. 3ZFS G YI]\Pˆ 0M;LV[ 5}KI]\ o — TM SFD/M SIF\ mˆ 0M;FV[ SCI]\ o —D[\ ZFDÒG[ VM-F0L NLWMPˆ 0M;LV[ 5}KI]\ o —SIF\ m ˆ —l+E[8FGF D\lNZ[Pˆ 0M;L T[GL ;FD[ HM. ZCL4 56 U]:;[ G Y.4 T[G] \ C{I]\ DFN"JEI]" CT]\ V[8,[ AM,L4 —TD[ H[ SI]" T[ 9LS SI]"Pˆ 5KL 0M;LV[ SCI]\ o —YFSL UIF CXM4 ,M C]\ BF8,M -F/]\Pˆ 0M;L BF8,M -F/JF U.4 V[ 8F6[ 0[,LV[ C/J[YL 8SMZF 50IFP 0M;LG[ YI]\ o —VtIFZ[ SM6 CX[ mˆ 0M;FV[ H.G[ 0[,L BM,L4 56 tIF \ SM. G CT]\ P 0[,LGL VFU/ V[S Y[,L 50L CTLP0M;FV[ T[ Y[,L ,LWL4 0[,L JF;L VG[ V\NZ VFjIMP T[6[ 0M;LG[ SCI]\ o —0[,LV[ TM SM. G CT]\4 VF SMY/L 50L CTLPˆ
T[6[ 0M;LG[ SMY/L NLWL VG[ SCI]\4 —HMTM BZL DF\æ X]\ K[ mˆ 0M;LV[ SMY/LG] \ DM-]\ BM<I]\ S[ DF\æ ;MGFvRF\NLGF l;SSF NL9F ! 0M;LG[ GJF.GM 5FZ G ZCIMP 0M;FG[ VF SF{T]S ;DHF6]\ GlCP V[ VFBL ZFT A[R[G GL\NZ G VFJLP JC[,F µ9LG[ 0M;FV[ 0[,L BM,L TM 0[,LGF VFU/ W}/DF\ SM.GF 5U,F\ NL9F VG[ V[ 5U,F\ 5FKF\ 56 J?IF\ CTF\ VG[ 0M;FGM V\TZFtDF AM,L µ9IM4 —GSSL VF 5U,F\ DFZF ZFDGF\ K[ DFZM JCF,M p3F0[ 5U[ SFD/FGF 5{;F N[JF VFjIM CTM ˆ T[GL VF\BMDF\ VF\;] VFJL UIF\4 0M;LV[ 56 HIFZ[ JFT ;F\E/L tIFZ[ T[GL VF\BM 56 K,SF. µ9L 5KL T[VMV[ Z\U[R\U[ lNJF/L µHJLP
HM TD[ EUJFGGF KM4 TM EUJFG TDFZM K [P Òò—VB\0 VFG\Nˆ VMUQ8 v Z_!# DF\YL ;FEFZó
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 3
T[ p3F0F 5U[ VFjIM
q r
Simple ;FNM SF/
Continue RF,] SF/ to be
+ JT"DFG S'N\T
Perfect 5}6"
SF/ to have + E}T S'N\T
RF,] 5}6" SF/
to have + been +JT"DFG
S'N\T
JT"DFG
Present Tense CSFZ
I play. He(She/It) plays.
I am playing. We are playing. He is playing.
I have played. I have been playing.
Negative : GSFZ
I do not play. He does not play.
I am not playing.
I have not played.
I have not been playing.
Intrrogative : 5|`GFY"
Do I play ? Does he play ?
Am I playing ? Have I played ?
Have I been playing?
Usages : p5IMUo
JT"DFGGL C\D[XGL
lS|IF NXF"JJF
JT"DFGGL RF,]
lS|IF NXF"JJF
lS|UF 5]ZL Y. U.
CMI 56 T[GL
V;Z JT"DFGDF\
K[ T[ NXF"JJFP
E}TSF/DF\
X~ YI[,
lS|IF CÒ
RF,] K[ T[
ATFJJF
Sign : lGXFGL
Everyday , daily , often , always
Now Just , just now , yet , ever , never , already , since , for
VG];\WFG[
ALÒ lS|IF
NXF"J[, CMI
K[P
E}TSF/
Past Tense CSFZ
I played. I was playing. We were playing.
I had played. I had been playing.
Negative : GSFZ
I did not play. I was not playing.
I had not played.
I had not been playing.
Intrrogative : 5|`GFY"
Did I paly? Was I playing ?
Had I played ? Had I been Playing ?
3. Table Of Tenses
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 4
Usages : p5IMUo
GÒSGF E}TSF/DF\
YI[, lS|IF NXF"JJFP
RMSS; ;DI[
E}TSF/DF\ AGL
ZC[,L lS|IF
NXF"JJFP
N}ZGF E}TSF/GL
lS|IF NXF"JJF A[
lS|IFGF
VG];\WFGDF\ 5|YD
lS|IF 5}6"
E}TSF/GL CMI K[P
E}TSF/DF\
X~ YI[,
lS|IF
E}TSF/DF\
RF,] CTL T[
NXF"JJFP
Sign : lGXFGL
Yesterday ,last day
When , while ,before , after
When , after , before , last
When
ElJQISF/
FUTURE Tense CSFZ
I shall play, You will play.
I shall be playing. You will be playing.
I shall have played.You will have played.
I shall have been playing.
Negative : GSFZ
I shall not play.
I shall not be playing. You will not be playing.
I shall not have played. You will not will have played.
I shall not have been playing.
Interrogative : 5|`GFY"
Shall I play? Will you play?
Shall I be Playing? Will you be playing?
Shall I have played? Will you have played?
Shall I have been playing?
Usages : p5IMUo
ElJQIDF\ YGFZL
lS|IF DF8[
ElJQIDF\ SM.
RMSS; ;DI[ SM.
lS|IF RF,] CX[ T[
NXF"JJF
ElJQIDF\ SM.
RMSS; ;DI
5C[,F\ SM. lS|IF
Y. U. CX[ T[
NXF"JJF
E}TSF/DF\
X~ YI[, VG[
ElJQIDF\
lS|IF RF,] CX[
T[ NXF"JJFP
Sign : lGXFGL
Tomorrow At this time,by this time
ALÒ lS|IF ;FNF
JT"DFG SF/GL
CMI
After this time , before this time
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 5
lJQFI ov ;FDFlHS lJ7FG WMZ6 ov * ;+ ov 5|YD ;+
5F9I5]:TS lJQF[ S], V[SDM ov )
5]GZFJT"G ov Z lJX[QF ov DFZL JFT4 5|MH[S8 lJQF[4;F5 ;L0L
s$f ;FDFlHS lJ7FG lJQFIJ:T]
oo SGMH oo
CQF"JW"GGF l5TFG]\ GFD 5|EFSZJW"G4 DM8FEF.G]\ GFD ZFHIJW"G VG[ AC[GG]\ GFD ZFHIzL CT]\P
DM8F EF. ZFHIJW"G YF6[`JZGL ZFHUFNL
;\EF/TF CTFP
CQF"JW"GGL AC[G ZFHIzLG[ DF/JFGF ZFHF
N[JU]%T[ S[N SZL CTLP
;];\:S'T ;FlCtISFZ VG[ DCFSlJ AF6EÎYL CQF"GF NZAFZGL XMEF JWTLP
AF6EÎGL S'lTVM —CQF"RlZTˆ VG[ —SFN\AZLˆP
CQF"JW"GGL S'lTVM —GFUFG\Nˆ —ZtGFJ,LˆVG[ —l5|INlX"SFˆV[D +6 GF8SMGL ZRGFP
CQF[" GF,\NF lJnF5L9 VFRFI" XL,EãGL DNNYL
5|bIFT SZLP
GFUFH]"G GF,\NF lJnF5L9DF\ H Y. UIF CTFP
GF,\NF lJnF5L9GF 5]:TSF,IG]\ GFD —WD"U\Hˆ CT]\P
CI]vV[Gvt;F\Us629-645) RLGL D];FOZ[
AF{â WD"GF VeIF; DF8[ 5 JQF" DF8[ GF,\NF lJnF5L9DF\ VeIF; SIM" CTMP
CQF"JW"GGF ZFHIDF\ !__ AF{â D9M CTFP
CI]vV[Gvt;F\U .P;P645 DF\ DwI V[lXIFGF DFU[" RLG 5ZT OIF[" CTMP
oo JFTF5L oo
ZFHF D\U,[X[ JFTF5LDF\ GD}G[NFZ lJQ6]D\lNZ
A\WFjI]\ CT]\P
5],S[XL ALHFV[ ;D|F8 CQF"JW"GG[ CZFjIM CTMP
VH\TFGL U]OFVMGF S[8,F\S HUDXC}Z EL\TlR+M
V[ JBT[ AgIF\ CTF\P
5'yJLGL A[ 5|SFZGL UlT K[o N{lGS UlT VG[ JFlQF"S UlTP
5lZE|D6 V[8,[ WZL E|D6 VG[ 5lZS|D6 V[8,[ S1FF E|D6P
5'yJL 5MTFGL SF<5lGS WZL 5ZlJQF]JJ'¿ 5Z
S,FSGF 1670 lSlDGL h05[ OZL V[S RS| 5}6" SZ[ K[P
5'yJLGL S1FF JT]"/FSFZ GlC 4 5Z\T] ,\AUM/FSFZ S[ .\0FSFZ K[P
5'yJL V[S lDlG8DF\ 1670 lSlDGL h05[ ;}I"GL 5lZS|DF SZL ZCL K[P
5'yJL 5MTFGL WZL 5Z 23.500 GM VG[ S1FFGL
;FY[ 66.500 GM B}6M AGFJLG[ OZ[ K[P
Z! H}G ,F\AFDF\ ,F\AM lNJ; VG[ ZZ l0;[dAZ
8}\SFDF\ 8}\SM lNJ;P
I]ZM5GF GMJ["DF\ D[ DlCGGF DwIYL H],F.GF V\T
;]WL ;}I" VFYDTM GYLP
GMJ["DF\ ZF+LGF !Z JFU[ 56 ;}I" HMJF D/[ K[P
;ZSFZGF D]bI +6 V\UM K[ o WFZF;EF4
SFZMAFZL VG[ gIFIT\+P
ZFQ8= S1FFGL ;ZSFZG[ —S[gã ;ZSFZˆ S[ —;\3
;ZSFZˆ SC[ K[P
ZFHI S1FFGL ;ZSFZG[ —ZFHI ;ZSFZ ˆ SC[ K[P
WFZF;EFG]\ GLR,]\ U'C V[8,[ —lJWFG;EFˆ VG[
p5,]\ U'C V[8,[ —lJWFG5lZQFNˆP
U]HZFTGL WFZF;EF DF+ GLR,]\ U'C V[8,[
—lJWFG;EFˆ WZFJ[ K[P
BZ0M SFINM AG[ T[ 5C[,F\ T[G]\ +6 JBT JF\RG
YFI K[PP
A\WFZ6GL HMUJF. D]HA EFZTGF SM. 56
ZFHIGL lJWFG;EFGF ;eIGL ;\bIF 5__ YL JWFZ[ GlC
VG[ &_ YL VMKL G CMJL HM.V[P
ZFHI5F, ZFHIGF 5|YD GFUlZS K[P
V[SD ! ov A[ DCF ZFHIM
V[SD Z ov 5'yJL OZ[ K[
V[SD # ov ;ZSFZ
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 6
p¿Z EFZTDF\ U]H"Z45|lTCFZ45F,4RF,]SI45ZDFZ J\XGF XF;SM YIFP
Nl1F6 EFZTDF\ 5<,J4 ZFQ8=S}84 S<IF6LGF
RF,]SIM4R[Z45F\0I VG[ RM, J\XGF XF;SM YIFP
VF9DLYL AFZDL ;NL ;]WLGF DwI SF/G[ 5}J" DwISF/ SC[ K[P
lDlCZ EMHvEMH ZFHF 5|lTCFZ J\XDF\ YIFP
EMH ZFHF SGMHGF ZFHF CTFP
DF/JFGF D]bI XC[ZMDF\ pHH{G VG[ WFZFGUZL CTF\P
WFZFGUZL V[8,[ JT"DFG DwI 5|N[X ZFHIGM WFZ lH<,MP
AFZDL ;NLGF VHIZFH XFS\EZLV[ VHID[Z] GUZGL :YF5GF SZL CTL H[ 5FK/YL VHD[Z GFD[ VM/BFI]\P
RF{CF6 J\XDF\ 5'yJLZFH +LHM VG[ ZFIl5YMZF GFDGF
5|TF5L ZFHF YIFP
R\NAZNF. SlJV[ —5'yJLZFH ZF;Mˆ DF \ 5'yJLZFH
RF{CF6GL JLZ SYF VF,[BL K[P
A%5F ZFJ/ l;;MlNIF ZFH5}T J\XGF :YF5S DGFI K[P
S,R}lZIMGL ZFHWFGL l+5}8LsJT"DFG T[JZfDF\ CTLP
5<,J J\XGF XF;SMDF\ GZl;\C JDF" XlSTXF/L XF;S CTMP
SF\RLGF S{,F;GFY D\lNZGL ZRGF 5<,J J\XDF\ Y. CTLP
RM, J\XGL ZFHWFGL TF\HMZ CTLP
RM, J\XGF XF;SM 5F;[ XlSTXF/L GF{SFN/ CT]\P
SxDLZDF\ pt5,J\XGF XF;SM ZFHI SZTF CTFP
Nl1F6DF\ 5F\0I J\XGF XF;SM CTFP
D[U:Y[lG;[ 5F\0I J\XGF XF;SM lJX[ ,bI]\ K[ S[4 VF
HFlTG]\ XF;G :+LVM SZTL CTLP
R[ZG]\ ALH]\ GFD S[Z, K[P
VXMSGF XL,F,[BDF\ —S[%,5]+ˆ ZFHIGM p<,[B HMJF
D/[ K[P
5F\0I J\XGF XF;SMDF\ —;[T]\UJGˆ GFD[ XlSTXF/L XF;S
YIM CTMP
5'yJL 5Z VF0L Sl<5T Z[BFVMG[ V1FF\XJ'¿M VG[ µEL Z[BFVMG[ Z[BF\XJ'¿M SC[ K[P
GPS – Global Positioning System (u,MA, 5MlhXlG\U l;:8Df
.\u,[g0DF\ lU|lGR 5ZYL 5;FZ YTF 00 Z[BF\XJ'¿G[
—lU|lGR Z[BFˆ SC[ K[P
lU|lGR Z[BF 5'yJLGF 5}J" UM/FW" VG[ 5lüD UM/FW"
V[D A[ EFU SZ[ K[P
1800 Z[BF\XJ'¿G[ —VF\TZ ZFQ8=LI lNGF\TZ Z[BFˆ SC[ K[P
1800 Z[BF\XJ'¿G[ VM/\UTF TFZLB VG[ JFZ
AN,FI K[P
—VF\TZ ZFQ8=LI lNGF\TZ Z[BFˆ 5[;[lOS DCF;FUZDF \YL
5;FZ YFI K[ TYF T[ JF\SL R}SL K[P
5'yJLG]\ ;F{YL DM8]\ 3l0IF/ ;}I" K[P
Z[BF\XJ'¿MGL S], ;\bIF 360 K[P
V[S S,FSDF\ 15 Z[BF\XJ'¿M ;}I" ;FD[YL 5;FZ YFI K[P
NZ Z[BF\XG[ 5;FZ YTF\ 4 lDlG8GM ;DI ,FU[ K[P
5F;5F;[GF A[ Z[BF\X JrR[ 4 lDlG8GF ;DIGM TOFJT
CMI K[P
VF56F N[XGM 5|DF6;DI V<CFAFN 5F;[YL 5;FZ
YTF 82.50 5}J" Z[BF\X 5ZYL GSSL YFI K[P
A[ V1FF\XJ'¿M JrR[ JF:TlJS HDLG ;5F8L p5Z VFXZ[
111 lSDLG]\ V\TZ CMI K[P
A[ Z[BF\XJ'¿M JrR[G]\ V\TZ OST lJQF]JJ'¿ p5Z
VFXZ[111 CMI K[P
ZFH5]T SF/DF\ ZFHFG]\ 5N J\X5Z\5ZFUT ZLT[ 5|F%T YT]\P
SxDLZGF IX:SZG[ A|Fï6MGL D\0/LV[ UFNLV[ A[;F0IMP
S]DFZ5F/G[ D\+L;EFGF ;eIMV[ UFNL 5Z A[;F0IMP
DCFSlJ DF3[ —lXX]5F,JWˆ DCFSFjI ZrI] \P
zL CQF[" G/ VG[ NDI\TLGL SYF —G{QFWRlZTˆ DCFSFjIDF\
SZLP
ZFHF S]DFZ5F/ lJX[ C[DR\ãFRFI[" —S]DFZ5F/ RlZ+ˆ DF\ ,bI]\P
—l;âC[D XaNFG]XF;Gˆ jIFSZ6 U|\YGL CFYL p5Z
;JFZL SF-JFDF\ VFJL CTLP
EJE}lTV[ —p¿DZFDRlZTˆ GF8S ,bI]] \ CT]\P
GFZFI6 5\l0T[ 5\RT\+G[ VFWFZ[ —lCTM5N[Xˆ JFTF"; \U|C ZrIM CTMP
ZFH5}T I]UDF\ BH}ZFCM4HUgGFY5]ZL4SM6FS"G]\
;}I"D\lNZ4SxDLZG]\ —DFT"\0 D\lNZˆ VG[ U]HZFTGF
DM-[ZFDF\ ;}I" D\lNZ AF\WJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P
V[SD $ ov ZFH5}T I]U
V[SD 5 ov :Y/ VG[ ;DI
V[SD & ov DwII]ULG XF;GjIJ:YF VG[ :YF5tI
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 7
SlJq ;FlCtISFZ S'lT
lJXFBFN¿ D]ãFZF1F;
S<C6 ZFHTZ\lU6L
lA<C6 lJS|DF\SN[J RlZ+
;MDN[J SYF;lZT;FUZ
R\NAZNF. 5'yJLZFH ZF;M
D[Z]T]\U 5|AMWlR\TFDl6
Nl1F6 EFZTGF D\lNZM —UM5]ZDˆ TZLS[ VM/BFTF \PH[ T[GF\
µ\RF\ EjI 5|J[XäFZM DF8[ BF; HF6LTF\ K[P
.P;P 1000 YL 1075 NZlDIFG DC\DN UhGLV[
VG[SJFZ EFZT 5Z R0F.VM SZL CTLP
DC\DN UhGL UhGF 5|F\TGM ;],TFG CTMP
;MDGFY 5ZGL R0F. JBT[ U]HZFTDF\ ELDN[J
;M,\SLG]\ XF;G CT]\P
XFCA]ÛLG 3MZLV[ lN<,L 5Z ;<TGT :YF5L CTLP
S]TA]ÛLG V{AS —U],FD J\XˆGF :YF5S TZLS[ VM/BFIMP
EFZT 8.4 0 p¿Z V1FF\XYL 37.6 0
p¿Z V1FF\X
;]WL VG[ 68.7 0 5}J" Z[BF\XYL 97.25 0 5}J" Z[BF\X
;]WL lJ:TZ[, K[P
EFZTGL p¿Z[ SxDLZYL Nl1F6[ SgIFS]DFZL ;]WLGL
p¿ZvNl1F6 ,\AF. VFXZ[ 3214 lSDL K[P
5}J[" V~6FR,YL 5lüD[ äFZSF ;]WL 5}J"v5lüD
5CM/F. VFXZ[ 2933 lSDL K[P
EFZTDF\ S], Z) ZFHIM4 ! S[l58, :8[8 lN<,L VG[ &
S[gãXFl;T 5|N[XM VFJ[,F K[P
EFZTG]\ DFpg8 UM0lJG VFMl:8GsK2) lXBZ (&!!
DL8Z µ\R]\ K[P H[ SFZFSMZDGL 5J"TDF/FDF\ VFJ[,]\ K[P
N]lGIFG]\ ;F{YL µ\R]\ lXBZ DFpg8 V[JZ[:8 (($(
DL8Z µ\R]\ K[P
NbB6GM prR 5|N[X EFZTGM BGLH E\0FZ SC[JFI K[P
EFZTG[ *5!* lSDL ,F\AM NlZIFlSGFZM K[P
V\NDFGvlGSMAFZ 8F5]VMG]\ JCLJ8L DYS 5M8"a,[Z K[P
WZTLV[ HF6[ ;O[N RFNZ VM-L CMI T[J]\ lJ`JDF\ DF+
SrKG]\ Z6 H K[P
lN<,L ;<TGTGL :YF5GF .P;P !Z_& DF\ Y. CTLP
S]T]AlDGFZG]\ AF\WSFD S]tA]ÛLG V{AS[ X~ SZFjI]\ VG[ T[GF HDF. .<T]ltDX[ T[ AF\WSFD 5]Z]\ SZFjI]\P
.<T]ltDX U],FD J\XGM BZM :YF5S DGFI K[P
.<T]ltDXGF VJ;FG AFN lN<,LGL UFNL 5Z T[GL 5]+L
ZlhIFs.P;P!Z#&f DF\ VFJLP
lN<,LGL UFNL 5Z VFJGFZ 5|YD DlC,F ;],TFGF ZlhIF AGLP
Z]ãdDF N[JL VlE,[BMDF\ 5MTFG]\ GFD 5]Z]QFM H[J]\
,BFJTLP
SxDLZGL 5|HF T[DGL ZF6L lNÛFG[ —NLNLˆ GF :G[CEIF "
;\AMWGYL AM,FJTL P
H,F,]ÛLG B,ÒV[ U],FD J\X pB[0L GFBLG[ B,Ò J\XGL :YF5GF SZL CTLP
VDLZ B]XZ] V,FpÛLG B,ÒGF NZAFZGF 5|bIFT SlJ
CTFP
uIF;]ÛLG T]3,S[ T]3,S J\X :YF%IMP
uIF;]ÛLG T]3,S[ —0FS RMSLˆ 85F, 5âlT NFB, SZLP
85F,LG[ V[ ;DI[ —C,SFZMˆ SC[JFTM CTMP
HFNJS]/GF EF.VM ClZCZ VG[ A]SSFV[ lJnFZ^I :JFDLGL 5|Z6FYL .P;P !##& DF\ T]\UEãF GNLG[ lSGFZ[ lJHIGUZ ZFHI :YF%I]\P
—IMdS[ˆ GFDGF .HG[ZGL DNNYL S'Q6N[JZFI[ Nl1F6
EFZTDF\ GC[ZMGF AF\WSFD SZFjIF\ CTF\P
C;G ;],TFG[ ACD J\XGL :YF5GF SZL CTLP
ACDGL ZFHIDF\ DC\DN UFJF\ GFD[ AFCMX JÒZ YIMP
,FCMZGF CFS[D[ lN<,L 5Z ;{IN J\X :YF%IMP
AC,M, GFDGF VO3FG ;ZNFZ[ .P;P!$5! DF\ lN<,LDF\ ,MNL J\X :YF%IMP
.P;P!5Z&DF\ 5F6L5TGL ,0F.DF\ .A|FlCD ,MNLG[
CZFJLG[ AFAZ[ D]3, ;FD|FHIGM 5FIM GFbIMP
S[gã VG[ ZFHIMG[ ;M5FI[,F SFIF[" VG[ ;¿FVMG]\
lJEFHG +6 IFNLDF\ SZFI[, K[P
;\3IFNL ov )* H[8,F lJQFIM
ZFHIIFNL ov && H[8,F lJQFIM
;\I]STIFNL ov $* H[8,F lJQFIM
V[SD * ov EFZTo :YFG4;LDF4lJ:TFZ VG[ E}5'Q9
V[SD ( ov DwII]UG]\ lN<,L NX"G
V[SD ) ov ZFHIGL XF;G jIJ:YF
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 8
5P AF,F 5|MH[S8
5lZRI ov i-B a L A - Inclusive-Building as Learning Aid
AF,FsXF/ DSFG XLBJF TZLS[f lX1F6 U]6J¿F ;]WFZ6F TZO V[S GlJG bIF, K[P H[ AF/
D{+L5}6"4VFG\N VFWFlZT X{1Fl6S 5|J'l¿VMG[ XF/FGF DSFGGF A\WFZ6 DFZOT[ XLBJJFGM 5|IF; SZ[
K[P
VF 5|SFZGM D]/E}T lJRFZ lJRFZ lJgIF; äFZF XMW SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL4VF p5ZF\T :YF5tI
;\XMWG VG[ l0hF.G S[gãGM I]lG;[OGF ;5M8"YL U]HZFT äFZF ;DU| ZFHIDF\ !&Z_ YL JWFZ[ DM0[,
XF/FVMDF\ ,FU] SZJFDF\ VFJL K[PAF,F 5|MH[S8GF V;ZSFZS VD,LSZ6 TYF ZRGF SZJF DF8[
V[;PV[;PV[P U]HZFT äFZF lH<,F ,[J,[ VG[ a,MS ,[J,[ l;lJ, .HG[ZGL 8LD ;FY[GF D]bI lX1FS4;C
lX1FSG[ ;F\S/L ,.G[ 8=[lG\U VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[PZFHI ;ZSFZ 5F;[ DIF"lNT ;FWG CMJF KTF\ 56
AF,F 5|MH[S8 C[9/ VFJ[, DM0[, XF/F AGFJJFGL p¿ZM¿Z JWFZM YFI K[P
AF,F 5|MH[S8 X]\ K[ m
AF,F V[8,[ — V[JL XF/FG[ AGFJJL S[ HIF\ TDFD AF/SMG[ VFJJ]\ UD[PPPE6J]\ UD[PPPVG[
ZMSFJ]\ UD[PPPPˆ GM V[S ;]\NZ lJRFZ K[P (CWSN) G[ VFWFlZT BF; H~lZIFTG[ ;FD[, SZL 5|J'l¿
VFWFlZT lX1F6 TYF D]ST JFTFJZ6 5}Z]\ 5F0JFGM K[P VFJL XF/FVMGF AF\WSFD äFZF 5|J'l¿ VFWFlZT
lX1F6 VF5JFGF :+MTG[ VFWFZ D/[ K[P
VF 5|MH[S8GF D]bI A[ EFU K[ o
sf E6JFGL VG[ lX1F6 VF5JFGL HuIFGL 5lZl:YlTVMDF\ lJSF; SZJMP
sf VFJL HuIFVMDF\ VF 5|MH[S8 äFZF lX1F6 :TZG[ µR]\ ,FJJFGM 5|IF; SZJMP
VFJL XF/F AGFJJF DF8[ S. HuIFGM p5IMU SZL XSFI m
JU"B\04 NFNZGL ;L0LVM4 XF/FG]\ VF\U64 XF/FGM VM8,Mv5F/L JU[Z[PPPPPPPPP
S. VF\TlZS HuIFVMGM p5IMU SZFI m
EM\ITl/I]\4 NLJF,4 AFZLVM4 NZJFHF4 KT4 KFH,L VG[ %,[8OMD"4 OlG"RZ JU[Z[PPP
AF,F 5|MH[S8 C[9/ CF,GL TDFD XF/FVMDF\ VF\TlZS HuIFVMGM ;]\NZ ZLT[ p5IMU SZL
lX1F6G]\ WMZ6 JW] prR VG[ SM9F;]h JF/]\ AGFJLG[ AF/SM DF8[G]\ D]ST VG[ VFG\NNFIS JFTFJZ6
VF5J]\P
AF,F 5|MH[S8 C[9/ SFD SZJFG]\ SFZ6 ov
XF/FG[ ;J"U|FCLGL H[D HMJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
XF/FDF\ AF/SMG[ VFG\NNFIS JFTFJZ6 5}Z]\ 50[ K[P
XF/FGF AFæ N[BFJGM lX1F6 ;FY[ VG]A\W HM0L XSFI K[P
JU"B\0 lX1F6DF\ XF/FGL lNJF,MGM 8LPV[,PV[DP TZLS[ p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 9
&P H],F. ZFpg0 V5
TFZLB DCtJGF AGFJM
! H],F. > NXSGF WDWDF8 AFN U}U,GL 5|FZ\lES ;MlXI, G[8JlS"\U ;F.8 ORKUT
;%8[dAZDF\ ;¿FJFZ A\W YX[ T[JL U}U, äFZF HFC[ZFT SZF.P
> 5\SH V0JF6LV[ IBSF 6 J<0" :G}SZGM lBTFA tIMP
Z H],F. > U]HZFT ;ZSFZ äFZF ZFHIDF\ ;F{5|YD J,;F0 lH<,FDF\ —!_$ˆ G \AZYL —OLJZ
C[<5,F.Gˆ GL X~VFT SZJFDF \ VFJLP
$ H],F. > S[gãLI S'lQF D\+F,I EFZT äFZF —lS;FG D\0Lˆ GFDGL IMHGF X~ SZJFDF \ VFJL H[DF\
X~VFTGF TASS[ B[0}TM A8FSF48FD[8F\ VG[ 0]\U/L ;LWF U|FCSMG[ J[RL XSX[P
> JFZF6;LDF\ VFJ[,L $5_ SMd5]8Z WZFJFTL —AGF; lCgN] I]lGJl;"8LˆGL ;[g8=,
,FIA|[ZL V[lXIFGL ;F{YL DM8L ,FIA|[ZL AGL U. K[P
> EFZTLI VM,[ld5S ;\3sIOA) äFZF #5 DF\ —G[XG, U[d;ˆ GL TFZLBMGL 3MQF6F
SZJFDF\ VFJLPVF U[d; #! HFgI]VFZLYL !$ O[A|]VFZL JrR[ S[Z/DF\ ZDFX[PH[GF
;NEFJGF ZFHN}T TZLS[ ;lRG T[g0],SZGL 5;\NUL SZF. K[P
5 H],F. > R[S lZ5la;SGL lSJ8MJFV[ OF.G,DF\ S[G[0FGL AMpRF0"G[ CZFJL lJdA<0G lJD[g;G]\
8F.8, tI]\P lSJ8MJFG]\ VF ALH]\ lJdA<0G lJD[g;G]\ 8F.8, K[PVF VUFp T[G[
Z_!! DF\ XFZF5MJFG[ CZFJL CTLP
& H],F. > U]HZFTGF SFI"JFCS ZFHI5F, TZLS[ DFU"Z[8 VF<JFGL lGD6}\SPCF,GF ZFHI5F,
SD,F A[GLJF,GL lDhMZDGF ZFHI5F, TZLS[ AN,LP
> ;lA"IFGF 8[lG; :8FZ IMSMlJR[ l:J; ,[H[g0 O[0ZZG[ CZFJLG[ SFZlSNL"G] \ ALH]\
lJdA<0G :,[D tI]\P
) H],F. > U]HZFTGF VlDT XFCGL EFH5GF ZFQ8=LI VwI1F 5N[ lGI]lST SZF.P
!! H],F.
> VFHGM lNJ; lJ`J HG ;\bIF lNJ; TZLS[ pHJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF JQF[" T[GL YLD
I]JF ,MSMDF\ ZMSF6v INVESTING IN YOUNG PEOPLE ZFBJFDF\ VFJL
K[P
> lJbIFT Z\USDL" hMCZF ;CU,G]\ !_Z JQF"GL JI[ lGWGP T[VM 5lJE}QF6YL
;gDFlGT CTF\P
> U]HZFT 8[SlGS, lX1F6 SlDxGZ äFZF X~ SZFI[, Know Your college”
5M8",G]\ D]bI D\+L VFG\NLA[G 58[, äFZF ,MSF5"6 SZJFDF\ VFjI]\P
> ;\I]ST ZFQ8=GF VC[JF,DF\ lN<,L ZP5 SZM0GL J:TL ;FY[ 8MlSIM 5KLG]\ lJ`JG]\
ALHF G\AZG]\ DM8]\ XC[Z AgI]\P
!Z H],F. > EFZT[ ;F{ 5|YD N[XL AGFJ8G]\ I]â HCFH —INS SFDMTF"ˆ G[ S,S¿FDF\ EFZTLI
G[JLG[ ;M%I]\P
!$ H],F. > VMP5LPSMC,LGL U]HZFTGF UJ"GZ TZLS[ lGD6}\SP
> HD"GLV[ !v_ YL VFH["lg8GFG[ CZFJLG[ Z_ DM O}8AM, J<0" S5 tIMP
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 10
> >UM<0G AM, ov ,F5MG[, D[;L 4 > UM<0G A}8 ov H[d; ZM0=LuI]h 4 > UM<0G
u,MJ ov D[gI], G[YMZ4 > A[:8 I\U %,[IZ ov 5M, 5MuAF 4 > O[Z %,[ ov SM,\lAIF
!& H],F. > & ,FB SZM0GL lA|S; A[gSG]\ J0]\ DYS RLGDF\P HIFZ[ & JQF" ;]WL T[G]\ ;]SFG
EFZTGF CFYDF\P VF A[gSG[ —gI] 0[J,5D[g8 A[gSˆ GFD VF5JFDF \ VFjI]\ K[P
> lA|S;GF 5F\R ;eI N[XM o EFZT4RLG4A|Flh,4ZlXIF VG[ Nl1F6 VFlO|SF
Z! H],F. > J0F 5|WFGGF V\UT ;lRJ TZLS[ DL;ZLGL HuIFV[ ;\J S]DFZ l;\U,FGL lGD6}\S
SZJFDF\ VFJLPlJS|D DL;ZLG[ :5[GGF ZFHN}T TZLS[ DMS,FIFP
ZZ H],F.
> .\u,[g0DF\ RF,L ZC[, EFZTv.\u,[g0 8[:8 l;lZhDF\ ,M0"hGF D[NFG BFT[ IMHFI[,
AL 8[:8DF\ EFZT[ Z( JQF" 5KL VF D[NFG 5Z lJHI CF\;, SZLP
VF 8[:8DF\ AL .lG\UDF\ * lJS[8 ,[GFZ .XF\T XDF"G[ D[G VMO W D[RGM V[JM0"
V5FIMP
Z# H],F. > VFHYL :SM8,[g0GF u,F;UMDF\ Z_DF SMDG J[<Y U[DGL X~VFT Y.P —O]8AM,GF
3Zˆ SC[JFTF ;[l<8S 5FS"DF\ T[GM pN3F8G ;DFZMC IMHIMP
Z$ H],F. > EFZT[ 5|YD :JN[XL AGFJ8G]\ ;\XMWG HCFH —l;\W] ;FWGFˆ G] \ DFD"UMJF A\NZ[
H,FJZ6 SI]"P
Z5 H],F. > S[gãLI S[lAG[8 äFZF JLDF 1F[+[ ;LWF lJN[XL ZMSF6 (Foreign Direct
Investment-FDI) GL DIF"NF Z&@ YL JWFZLG[ $)@ SZJFGL D\H}ZL VF5JFDF\
VFJLP
> U]HZFTGF D]bI DFlCTL SlDxGZ 5N[ A,J\Tl;\CGL lGD6}\S SZJFDF\ VFJLP
Z& H],F. > sSFZUL, lJHI lNJ;f
> U]HZFT ;ZSFZ[ WMZ6 !Z 5F; YI[,F\ T[H:JL VG[ H~lZIFTD\N lJnFYL"VM GF6F\GF VEFJ[ prR VG[ 8[SlGS, lX1F6YL J\lRT G ZC[ T[ DF8[ VMKL VFJS WZFJTF\ JF,LVMGF\ ;\TFGM DF8[ —D]bI D\+L lXQIJ'l¿ˆ IMHGFGL HFC[ZFT SZLP
VF IMHGF V\TU"T lJNFYL"VMG[ ~P 5 CHFZYL ~P Z ,FB ;]WLGL lXQIJ'l¿ VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P
> SMDG J[<Y U[d;v Z_!$ DF\ VlEGJ lAgãFV[ !_ DL8Z V[Z ZF.O, .J[g8DF\ Z_5P# 5M.g8 ;FY[ UM<0 D[0, D[/jIMP
> I]S|[GGF J0F 5|WFG VZ;[GL It;[GI]S[ ZFGFD]\ VF%I]\
Z* H],F. > EFZTLI 8[lG; :8FZ ;FlGIF lDhF"G[ GJF AG[,F ZFHI T[,\UF6FGL A|Fg0 V[dA[;0Z
AGFJJFDF\ VFJLPT[,\UF6FGF D]bID\+L S[PR\§X[BZ ZFJ K[P
Z( H],F. > N}ZNX"GGF XF:+LI ;\ULTGF lZIF,8L XM GFN E[N v W lD:8=L VMO ;Fpg0 G[
l,dSF A]S VMO Z[SM0";DF\ GM\WJFDF\ VFJX[P
#_ H],F. > EFZTvVD[lZSF JrR[ YGFZL 5F\RDL jI}CFtDC D\+6F DF8[ VD[lZSL lJN[X5|WFG
HF"G S[ZL EFZT VFjIFP
> Nl1F6 VFlO|SFGF VM, ZFpg0Z H[S SFl,;[ VF\TZ ZFQ8=LI lS|S[8DF\YL lGJ'l¿ HFC[Z
SZLP
#! H],F. > EFZTLI ;[GFGF GJF J0F TZLS[ ,[O8Gg8 HGZ, N,ALZ l;\C ;]CFU[ VFH[ CMM
;\EF?IMP
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 11
JF\RTF v JF\RTF SM. V[JM XaN VFJL HFI H[GM VY" VF56G[ G VFJ0TM CMI TM T[GM
VY" S[JL ZLT[ HF6JM m 5F9I5]:TSDF\ TM VFJF V3ZF XaNMGL ;DH}TL 5F9 GLR[GF XaNFY"DF\
VF5[,L CMI K[P 56 ALHF 5]:TSMDF\ V[J]\ G CMIP V3ZF XaNMGF VY" HFT[ 56 D[/JL XSFI
K[P XaNMGF VY" XMWJF DF8[ —XaNSMXˆ p5IMUL K[P XaNSMXDF\ XaNMG[ S|D 5|DF6[
UM9JJFDF\ VFJ[,F CMI K[P
XaNMG[ 5|YD AFZF1FZL 5|DF6[ T[DH SSSFJFZLGF S|DDF\ UM9JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
AFZF1FZLGM S|D o V 4 V\ 4 VF 4 .PPPPP
SSSFGM S|D o S 4 B 4 U 4 3 PPPP
XaNSMXDF\ ;F{YL 5C[,F —Vˆ YL X~ YTF \ K[<,[ —Cˆ YL X~ YTF XaNM VFJX[P —1Fˆ V[
—Sˆ VG[ —Xˆ GM HM0F1FZ CMJFYL —1Fˆ YL X~ YTF XaNM —Sˆ GF S|DDF\ VFJ[ K[P
—7ˆ V[ —Hˆ VG[ —Uˆ GM HM0F1FZ CMJFYL —7ˆYL X~ YTF XaNM —Hˆ GF S|DDF \ VFJ[ K[P
—Sˆ YL —Cˆ ;]WL V1FZMG[ XaNSMXGF S|DDF \ UM9JFI K[P —Sˆ GM VFJM S|D GLR[ 5|DF6[
YFI K[ o
S 4 S\ 4 SF 4 SF\ 4 lS 4 lS\ 4 SL 4 SL\ 4 S] 4 S]\ 4 S} 4 S}\ 4 S' 4 S"4 S[ 4 S¥ 4 S[\ 4 S{ 4 S{\ 4 SM" 4
SM 4 SM\ 4 SF{ 4 SF{\ 4 S| 4 S|\PPPP
XaNGM 5|YD V1FZ ;DFG CMI TM ALHF V1FZ 5|DF6[ VG[ ALHM V1FZ ;DFG CMI TM
+LHF V1FZ 5|DF6[ VFU/ JWJ]\P NFPTP4 lJQFI 4 lJQFD 4 lJ5NDF\ lJ ;DFG K[P QF
VG[ 5 DF\ 5 VFU/ VFJ[4 VFYL 5C[,M XaN lJ5N VFJ[P AFSLGF A[ XaNMDF\ lJ
VG[ QF ;DFG K[ T[YL +LHF V1FZ P I VG[P D DF\ VFU/ P D VFJ[P VFD 4 VF
XaNMGM S|D VF 5|DF6[ VFJ[ o lJ5N 4 lJQFD 4 lJQFIP
H[vT[ V1FZGM AFZF1FZLGM S|D 5}ZM YTF\ HM0F1FZGM S|D X~ YFI K[P T[DF\ HM0FGFZ
V1FZMGF S|D SSSF 5|DF6[ GSSL YFI K[P H[D S[4 l:DT VG[ l:YZ DF\ l:YZ 5KL
l:DT VFJ[P
:JZMGM S|D 56 AFZF1FZLGF S|D 5|DF6[ GSSL YFI K[P
sU]HZFTL WMv &GF 5|YD ;+GF 5F95]:TSDF\YL ;FEFZf
*P XaNSMXGM p5IMU
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 12
£\£ ;DF; ov A[ VYJF A[YL JWFZ[ 5N ;DFG S1FFGF\ CMI K[P A\G[ 5NMG[ K}8F 5F0TF JBT[ VG[ S[
VYJF pD[ZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P pNFP CFY5U4 VF;5F;4 XFSEF4 ZLTlZJFH4 ZFTlNJ;4 NF/EFT4
ClZCZ4 HDFpWFZ4 CZTF\OZTF\45F6LAF6L4 NJFNF~
l£U] ;DF; ov 5C[,]\ 5N ;\bIFJFRS CMI K[PALHF 5NGM ;D}CGL ZLT[ lJU|C YTM CMI K[P pNFP
GJZ\U4 l+SM64RMDF;]\4 ;%TFC4 VQ8SM64 5\RJ8L4 VQ8N,4 5\HFA4 XTN,4 NXFGG4 VrK[Z4 NM-
0FF]\4 AFZDF;L
Tt5]Z]QF ;DF; ov A\G[ 5NM lJElST ;\A\WYL HM0FI[,F CMI K[P lJU|C SZTL JBT[ lJElST 5|tII
pD[ZFIP pNF P;tIFU|C v ;TIGM VFU|C4lG§FJXvlG§FG[ JX45NE|Q8 v 5NYL E|Q84 ;ZMJZ v
;Zs5F6LfDF\ p¿DsJZf4 N[CF\T v N[CGM V\T4 S];U]Z] v S],GF U]Z] 4 ZFHNZAFZ v ZFHFGM NZAFZ 4
DFT'Jt;, v DFT' 5|tI[ Jt;,
DwID5N,M5L ;DF; ov A\G[ 5NMG[ K}8F 5F0TL JBT[ lJElST 5|tII p5ZF\T GJF\ 5NM pD[ZFIP
5C[,]\ VG[ K[<,]\ 5N E[UF\ SZTL JBT[ JrR[GF 5NMGM ,M5 N}Z YFI K[P pNFP 3M0FUF0L v 3M0F J0[
RF,TL UF0L4 8F.D8[A, v 8F.D NXF"JT]\ 8[A,4 HSFTGFS]\ v HSFT EZJFG]\ GFS]\ 4 UM/WF6F v
UM/lDlzT WF6F4 7FGT\T] v 7FG 5|;ZFJTF T\T]4 5UN\0L v 5UG[ RF,JFGL N\0L 4 AF/,uG v
AF/56DF\ YI[, ,uG
p55N ;DF; ov ALH]\ 5N lS|IF NXF"JGFZ]\ CMI K[P lJU|C SZTF\ GFZ 5|tII pD[ZFI K[P pNFP
jIFHBMZv jIFH BFGFZ 4 H0AFTM0v H0A]\ TM0GFZ 4 XFCLR};v XFCL R};GFZ 4U/FSF5v U/]\
SF5GFZ lUlZWZ v lUlZG[ WFZ6 SZGFZ 4 EIFGS v EI SZGFZ 4 E}RZ v HDLG 5Z OZGFZ4 5UZB]\
v 5UG[ ;FRJGFZ
SD"WFZI ;DF; ov 5C[,]\ 5N ALHF 5NG]\ lJX[QF6 CMI K[P pNFP EjID}lT" v EJI V[JL D}lT"4
R\§D]B v R\§ H[J]\ D]B4 U\UFGNL V U\UF V[ H GNL4 RF\NFDFDF v RF\NF V[ H DFDF 4 DCFJLZ v DCFG
V[JF JLZ4 5ZN[X v 5Z V[JM N[X
AC]J|LlC ;DF; ov 5C[,]\ 5N ALHF 5NG]\ lJX[QF6 CMI4 V[S 5NGL ALHF 5N ;FY[ ;ZBFD6L YTL
CMI VYJF A\G[ 5N JrR[ lJElST ;\A\W CMI VG[ VFBM ;DF; 5MT[ SM. +LHF 5N DF8[ J5ZFT]\
lJX[QF6 CMIP pNFP ;tIJFNL v H[ ;tI AM,[ K[ T[ 4 S6"l5|I v S6"G[ l5|I K[ T[ 4 UNFWZ v H[G[[ UNF
WFZ6 SZL K[ T[4 4RMWFZ v H[G[ RFZ WFZF K[ T[4 NFDMNZ v H[GF pNZ 5Z NFDsNMZ0]\f K[ T[ 4 5\RZ\UL v
H[G[ 5F\R Z\U K[ T[P
VjIJLEFJ ;DF; ov V[S 5N VjII CMIP VFBM ;DF; lS|IF lJX[QF6 CMIP pNFP VFJG v
JG ZC[ tIF\ ;]WL4 IYFXlST v XlST 5|DF6[4 SFIN[;Z v SFINF 5|DF6[4 5|tI[S v 5|lT V[S 4
IYFIMuI v H~ZL CMI V[8,]\P
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 13
( P ;DF;
AF/SM ;FY[GF jIJCFZDF\ VF8,]\ H~Z SZLV[ ov
AF/SGF jIlSTtJGM ;\5}6" :JLSFZ SZLV[P
AF/SG[ ;gDFG VF5LV[P
AF/SM ;FD[ VF56F RC[ZF 5Z 5|;gGTF VG[ CF:I ZFBLV[P
NZ[S AF/S lJlXQ8 K[ V[J]\ ;DG[ VG[ V[GL VG]E}lT NZ[S AF/SG[ 56 YFI T[JM jIJCFZ
SZLV[P
5|Mt;FCS XaNMGM p5IMU pNFZTFYL SZLV[P
AF/SMG[ VlEjIlSTGL TS VF5LV[P
AF/SMGL B}ALvBFDL ;DV[ VG[ B}ALVMG[ q l;âVMG[ HFC[ZDF\ lAZNFJLV[P BFDLVMGF
D}/DF\ 5CM\RL T[G[ jIlSTUT ZLT ;DG[ N}Z SZJFGM 5|IF; SZLV[P
H[ AF/S H[ ZLT[ XLB[ T[ ZLT[ XLBJLV[P
AF/S XLBJFDF\ JW] S[ VMKM ;DI ,. XS[ T[ :JLSFZLV[P
JW] ;DIGL H~lZIFT JF?FF AF/SMG[ XLBJFDF\ JW] ;DI VF5LV[P
AF/SM ;FY[GF jIJCFZDF\ VF8,]\ TM G SZLV[ ov
AF/SMG[ XFZLlZS S[ DFGl;S lX1FF SIFZ[I G SZLV[P
AF/S ;FY[ E[NEFJI]ST jIJCFZ G SZLV[P
AF/SGL p65M S[ 1FlTG[ HFC[ZDF\ B]<,L G SZLV[P VFBF JU" ;D1F V[G[ CF\;L 5F+ G AGFJLV[P
AF/SG]\ :JDFG 3JFI T[JF XaN 5|IMUM VG[ jIJCFZ 8F/LV[P
AF/SGF ;FDFS 5lZJ[X 4 7FlT4 JF,LGM jIJ;FI4 VFlY"S ;UJ0M S[ JF,LGL lGZ1FZTFGM
p<,[B SZLG[ AF/SMG[ SIFZ[I V5DFlGT G SZLV[P
@@@@@@@
)P AF/ DGMlJ7FG
5+ jIJCFZG]\ ;ZGFD]\
lDY]G 58[,
DNNGLX lX1FS
,[\0Fp 5|FYlDS XF/F
TFP YZFN lHP AGF;SF\9F
l5Go #(55&5
DMPG\P )(Z5) )_))&
e-mail : [email protected]
www.mspatel09.in
To, ………………………………….. ………………………………..... ………………………………….. PIN.
VMUQ8 Z_!$ 7FG 5ZA 14