MagneticSusceptibility

Terti

ary

Qua

tern

ary

Neo

gene

Mio

cene

Plio

cene

Ple

isto

cene

Holocene

C3A

C3

C2A

C2

C1

LGM

MIS 6

MIS 8

MIS 12

MIS 16

MIS 22

MIS 52 (Cala 2)

MIS 58 (Cala 1)

Ge 2

Ge 1

Pia 2

Pia 1

Za 2

Za 1

Me 2

Gel

asia

nC

alab

rian

Ioni

an

Tarantian

San

tom

ian

Em

ilian

Sic

ilian

Tyrrhenian

N17b

N18

N20/ N21

N22

M13

M14

PL1

PL2

PL3

PL4

PL5

PL6

Pt1

b

a

b

a

b

Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides

Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica

Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata

Globorotalia tumida

Globorotalia tosaensis

Globigerinoides fistulosus

Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac)

Dentoglobigerina altispira

Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina

Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae

Globoturborotalita nepenthes

Globoquadrina dehiscens

Bolliella calida

Globorotalia flexuosaGloborotalia hirsuta

Globorotalia crassaformis hessi

Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str.

Globigerinoides fistulosus

Menardella pertenuis

Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l.

Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens

Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia

sphericomiozea

Globorotalia margaritae

Globorotalia flexuosa

Globoquadrina pseudofoliata

Pulleniatina finalis

Globigerinoides extremus

Menardella pertenuis

Globoturborotalita decoraperta

Menardella multicamerata

Hirsutella cibaoensis

Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula

Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance)

Pulleniatina primalis

Pulleniatina spectabilis

Globigerinoides seiglei

Globorotalia lenguaensis

Globigerinoides ruber rosa

Globigerina cariacoensis

Pulleniatina finalis

Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance

Globorotalia truncatulinoides[Pacific]

Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)

Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)

Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)

Globorotalia inflataGloborotalia crassaformis (D

coiling)

Globorotalia tosaensis

Menardella exilis

Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi

Globorotalia humilis

Globigerinoides conglobatus

Globoturborotalita obliquus

Neogloboquadrina acostaensis

Globoturborotalita apertura

Menardella exilis

Menardella limbataGloboturborotalita woodi

Globoquadrina baroemoenensis

Globorotalia plesiotumida

alt

NN

11a

NN12

NN13

NN14

NN15

NN16

NN17

NN18

NN19

NN20

NN21

c

d

CN9

CN10

CN11

CN12

CN13

CN14

CN15

c

d

a

b

c

a

b

a

b

c

d

a

b

a

b

Emiliania huxleyi

medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance(reemG event)

medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event)

Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO)

Ceratolithus rugosus

Ceratolithus acutus

Pseudoemiliania lacunosa

Discoaster brouweri

Discoaster pentaradiatus

Discoaster surculus

Discoaster tamalis

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus

Discoaster tricorniculatus

Amaurolithus primus

Discoaster quinqueramus

Nicklithus amplificus

Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in"

transitional" waters]

Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)

Discoaster triradiatus (acme)

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata

Helicosphaera sellii

Calcidiscus macintyrei

Discoaster triradiatus

Sphenolithus spp.

Reticulofenestra antarctica

Ceratolithus acutus

Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus

Emiliania huxleyi (acme in Mediterreanean)

Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in tropical and subtropical waters]

Gephyrocapsa sp.3 FAD; end of small Gephyrocapsa spp. dominance

large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (blG event)

Transition of Ceratolithus acutus to C. rugosus in

Atlantic

Ceratolithus larrymayeri (sp.1)

Gephyrocapsa sp.3

Reticulofenestra asanoi (LCO)

large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. LAD (tlG

event)& beginning of small Gephyrocapsa spp. dominance

D20

D21

a

b

a

b

c

Spiniferites elongatus

Spiniferites pachyderma

Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus

Operculodinium tegillatum

Tectatodinium pellitum

Invertocysta tabulata

Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata

Barssidinium evangelinae

Selenopemphix dionaeacysta

Melitasphaeridium choanophorum

Spiniferites splendidus

RN

9R

N10

RN

11a

RN

11b

RN

12a

RN

12b

RN

13R

N14

RN

15R

N16

RN

17

Buccinosphaera invaginata

Collosphaera tuberosa

Stylatractus universus

Anthocyrtidium angulare

Pterocanium prismatium

Anthocyrtidium jenghisi

Stichocorys peregrina

Phormostichoartus fistula

Phormostichoartus doliolum

Didymocyrtis penultima

Pterocorys hertwegii

Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum

Lamprocyrtis nigriniae

Anthocyrtidium angularePterocorys zancleus

Cycladophora davisianaLamprocyrtis neoheteroporusTheocorythium trachelium

trachelium.

Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus

Amphirhopalum ypsilon

Spongaster tetras tetras

Didymocyrtis avita

Pterocanium prismatium

Spongaster pentas

Pterocorys campanula

Anthocyrtidium nosicaae

Pterocorys campanula

Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos

Anthocyrtidium michelinae

Theocorythium vetulum

Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi

Didymocyrtis avita

Anthocyrtidium pliocenica

Lychnodictyum audax

Spongaster pentasSpongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi

Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus

Acrobotrys tritubus

Siphostichartus corona

Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa

Acrobotrys tritubus

NP

D7B

aN

PD

7Bb

NP

D7B

cN

PD

8N

PD

9N

PD

10N

PD

11N

PD

12

Neodenticula koizumii

Thalassiosira oestrupii

Proboscia curvirostris

Actinocyclus oculatus

Neodenticula koizumii

Neodenticula kamtschatica

T. insigna

Rhizosolenia matuyamai

Proboscia curvirostris

Thalassiosira antiqua

Fragilariopsis doliolus

Neodenticula seminae

Actinocyclus oculatus

Thalassiosira latimarginata

Thalassiosira praeoestrupii

Thallassiosira jouseae

Rhizosolenia matuyamai

Coscinodiscus pustulatus

Pyxidicula horridus

Pyxidicula pustulata

Thalassiosira convexa

Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO)

Thalassiosira marujamica

Thalassiosira jacksonii

Rouxia californica

Thalassiosira miocenica

Reuverian BReuverian C

Praetiglian

Tiglian

Eburonian

Waalian

Menapian

Bayelian

Cromerian Complex

ElsterianHolsteinian

Saalian

EemianWeichselian

A, B, C1-3

C4cC5-6

Bavel

LingeLeerdamDorst

Waardenburg (Interglacial I)

Glacial aWesterhoven (Interglacial II)

Glacial b

Rosmalen(Interglacial III)

Glacial c

Noordbergum (Interglacial IV)

Fuhne

Wacken / Domnitz

DrentheWarthe

Waltonian

Pre-Ludhamian

Ludhamian

Thurnian

Bramertonian / Antian

Pre-Pastonian / Baventian

Pastonian

Beestonian

Cromerian

AnglianHoxnian

Wolstonian

IpswichianDevensian

[un-named]

"Tottenhill"

Late

Plio

cene

Eop

leis

toce

neN

eopl

eist

ocen

e

Verkhodon

Khapry

Tolucheevka

Krinitsa

Petropavlovian

PokrovianIlynian

Donian

Muchkapian

Okian

Likhvinian

DnieperMoscovianMikulinianValdaian

MN

13M

N14

MN

15M

N16

MN

17un

-nam

ed

Pre

-Illin

oian

IllinoianSangamonian

Wisconsinian

K

J

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

Mon

tehe

rmos

anC

hapa

dmal

alan

Uqu

ian

Ens

enad

anLu

jani

an

RS

WL4

WS4

WL3

WS3

WL2

WS2

WL1

WS1

L15

S14L14S13L13S12L12S11L11S10L10S9

L9S8L8S7L7S6

L6

S5

L5S4L4S3L3S2

L2S1

L1S0

Hem

phili

anB

lanc

anIrv

ingt

onia

nR

anch

olab

rean

Hh 3

Hh 4

Bl 1

Bl 2

Bl 3

Bl 4

Bl 5

Ir 1

Ir 2

Ir 3

Platygonus compressus

Megalonyx jeffersoniiBison

Ondatara zibethicus

Smilodon populator

ClethrionomysMicrotus paroperarius

Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus

EuceratheriumOndatra annectens, Microtus sp.

(5T)

Synaptomys

Mammuthus

Megalonyx wheateyi

Phenacomys

Paramylodon harlani

LepusPlatygonus vetus

Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys

pliocaenicus

Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis

Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus

Miracinonyx inexpectatus

Sylvilagus

Pliolemmus

ProcastoroidesStegomastodon, Platygonus

bicalcaratus

Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus, Glyptotherium

Pliopotamys

Ogmodontomys poaphagus

Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis

UrsusNanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela, Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and Miopetaurista (flying squirrel) in Hh 4

Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius

Mictomys kansasensis/mel,

Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx weatleyi

Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus

Miracinonyx inexpectatusPlatygonus vetus

Stegomastodon

Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus

Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra

idahoensis

Prodipodomys

Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens,

Glossotherium chapadmalense

Procasteroides

Paenemarmota,

Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus

Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei

Megantereon

Ogmodontomys sawrockensis

Del

mon

tian

Rep

ettia

nVe

ntur

ian

Whe

eler

ian

Hallian

Mitc

helli

anC

helte

nham

ian

Kal

imna

nYa

tala

nW

errik

ooia

n

Man

gapa

nian

Nuk

umar

uan

Cas

tlecl

iffia

nH

awer

an

Mes

sini

anZa

ncle

anP

iace

nzia

nG

elas

ian

E. P

leis

t.M

. Ple

ist.

Lt. Pleist.

5.33

1.81

2.59

3.60

0.126

0.79

Mes

sini

anZa

ncle

anP

iace

nzia

nG

elas

ian

E. P

leis

t.M

. Ple

ist.

Lt. Pleist.

5.33

1.81

2.59

3.60

0.126

0.79

0.64

0.44

0.27

0.14

0.02

0.86

1.54

1.65

2.16

2.50

2.80

3.27

4.01

4.62

5.77

Geo-magneticPolarity Sequences

GlobalT-R

Cycles

Sequences

Sub-Era Epoch StagePeriod

Age Standard

ChronostratigraphyPlanktonic Foraminifers

Zonal Markers Other Foraminifers Additional ForaminifersZones Other Nannofossils

Additional Nannofossils

Calcareous NannofossilsZonal MarkersZones Zones

North AtlanticZonal Markers Other Dinocysts

Dinoflagellate Cysts Zonal Markers Other Radiolarians

Radiolarians DiatomsZonal Markers Other DiatomsZonesZones

South AmericaEurope SALMA

MammalsNorth American Mammals

Regional StagesAustralia

ChineseLoess

North AmericaNew

ZealandCalifornia

Eurasian StagesRussian PlainNW Europe Britain

Regional StageAntarctic Ice Cores

ItalyNALMAELMA

AgeStage

P l i o c e n e / P l e i s t o c e n e (0-6 Ma time-slice)

Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998.Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.; Cambridge Univ. Press)

MarineO-18

Composite(0/00 PDB) (0/00 PDB)

5

6

4

3

2

1

0

5

6

4

3

2

1

0

d - Deuterium CO2(ppmv)

345 -370 -390 -430-410 280 200240 210 20Units

ICS

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Version I, February 2006