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Oxidation stabilityas one of the main parameters of biodiesel fuel
RANCIMAT
Resutls & Discussion
Dmytro StepanovMA ESS – Climate change and Environmental Technology
Scope & Introduction
Biodiesel fuel is one of the most actively used products ofbioprocessing. Provided fuel with diesel fuel to 7.6% (standard mix)the use amount of biodiesel in the year 2018 in the European Unionat 15,400 million liters.Oxidation Stability is an important parameter, that affects not onlythe process of using biodiesel fuel, but also the process of storage,which is an integral part of the technological process of using fuel.
Conclusions
Results & Discussion
EU Biodiesel/HVO Consumption million liters
2017 2018France 2,954 3,025Germany 2,550 2,540Spain 1,545 1,560Italy 1,410 1,500Sweden 1,136 1,140Poland 954 970Belgium 795 795UK 750 760Austria 716 720Finland 477 480Portugal 356 400Others 1,904 1,970Total 15,548 15,860
EU Biofuels Annual 2017 Biofuels Annual EU-28 - USDA GAIN reports
Fatty acid methyl esters relatively unstable and, like all natural fats and oils, are slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. The resulting oxidation products can cause damage to internal combustion engines. This is exactly the reason why oxidative stability is an important quality indicator for biodiesel and requires constant inspection during production. During the measurement, a stream of air is passed through a sample of methyl ether located in a closed and heated reaction vessel. As a result, the oxidation of the alkyl molecules of the sample and the formation of peroxides, as the primary reaction products. After some time, the fatty acid methyl esters begin to decompose and a secondary reaction product is formed, including such low molecular weight organic acids like acetic and formic acid, in addition to other volatile organic compounds. By air flow, they are transferred to the second vessel containing distilled water, in which electrical conductivity is constantly measured.
https://www.metrohm.com/en-sg/products/stability-measurement/biodiesel-rancimat/28930010
http://www.dgfett.de/material/fszus.php
Depending on the raw materials used (types of vegetable oils), the composition of biodiesel fuel also changes. Namely, the ratio of fatty acids. On this depends the number of double bonds in components of biodiesel fuel.
According to the standard EN 14214 Oxidation stability at a temperature of 110°C should be at least 8 hours; it is almost impossible to achieve this result without using special antioxidants. In the process of antioxidants oxidation, low-active radicals are formed, inhibiting the processes of oxidation. This allows you to achieve the required performance Oxidation stability.
Compounds containing double bonds in contact with atmospheric oxygen form high-molecular oxidation products – tars.
Reducing the number of tar leads to a decrease in the opacity of the exhaust gases and a decrease in the content of toxic products of incomplete combustion of fuel in them.
The presence of oxygen in the original vegetable oils improves the composition of the fuel. There is a decrease in the number of unstable unsaturated hydrocarbons in biodiesel.
The consequence is an increase in the combustion temperature in diesel engines and significantly improves the environmental properties of these fuels.
1)EU Biofuels Annual 2017 Biofuels Annual EU-28 - USDA GAIN reports2)Overview and Recommendations on Biofuel Standards for Transport in the EU(Contribution to WP 3.2 and WP
5.5), Dominik Rutz, Rainer Janssen, WIP Renewable Energies,Sylvensteinstraße 2, 81369 München Germany May 2006
3) Stability of Biodiesel – Used as a fuel for diesel engines and heating systems. Summary Report. Wieselburg, August 2003. Published by BLT Wieselburg, Austria (2003)
4)https://www.btsa.com/en/accelerated-oxidation-tests-rancimat-method/
