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Rézműves Zoltán Brigit VineySzakmai lektor: Elekes Katalin, Jilly Viktor
Felkészülés az emelt szintű angol érettségire
Oxford Exam Trainer
B2
4
About the Érettségi exam page 4
Vocabulary Reading Listening Use of English Writing Speaking
1 Family and relationshipspage 6
Family and societyHousehold and repairsRelationships Conflicts
What are friends for?Multiple choiceCollocations with get
Communal livingEvaluating statements
TV dads Open clozeThe right time to get married?Editing Language review: infinitive and gerund (-ing form)
Picking up friend from airport Informal emailAsking a friend for a favour
Teenagers: rebelling and conforming ConversationGenerations living togetherDebateDifferent family modelsLong turn
2 People and societypage 14
Attitudes and behavioursCelebrations Social issues and charityPolitics
When is trade really fair?Gapped textCollocations with take
The way men and women thinkMultiple matching
Perfectionism: an obstacle to happiness?Banked clozeAn election day incidentMultiple-choice clozeLanguage review: past tenses review;
used to and would
Suitable role models for teenagersFormal letterResponding to an article (1)
Family celebrations, national holidaysConversationCharities DebateConsumer societyLong turn
3 Homepage 22
Urban and rural livingBuying and renting a homeEcologically-friendly living
Unusual homes Multiple matching
Decorating your bedroomTrue/false/the text does not say
Homes in the futureWord formationManchesterMultiple-choice cloze Language review: perfect tenses
Renting a propertyFormal emailArranging an appointment
Environmental livingConversationBuying or rentingDebateHistoric town areas Long turn
4 Schoolpage 30
Education system Life and traditions at school and collegeExtra-curricular activities Higher education
Too much too youngMatching statement halves
Extracurricular courses Sentence completion: exact word
Living and learning on an island Banked clozeMobile phones in the classroom Open cloze Language review: would rather, would prefer,
had better
Bullying at schoolBlog postMaking suggestions
School traditions ConversationExamsDebateDifferent ways of studying Long turn
5 Work page 38
Employment Looking for a jobThe job market
A career on TVMultiple choicePhrasal verbs and collocations with draw
Turning a hobby into a job Multiple choice
Job interviews Word formationRemote workingMultiple-choice clozeLanguage review: the causative
Enquiring about a job Formal emailRequesting information
Job fairsConversationUnemploymentDebateChoosing a job or careerLong turn
6 Moneypage 4
Money Banking Retail and advertisingThe world of business
A winning advert?Multiple matchingPurpose and contrast
Shopping on the high street or online Evaluating statements
The history of Harrod’sOpen clozeNew shopping trendsEditingLanguage review: inversion
How to save moneyForum postSuggesting and giving advice
Budgeting for personal expenses ConversationTaxationDebateMethods of payingLong turn
7 Healthy living page 54
Healthy eating Symptoms and illnessesHealthcareAlternative therapiesAddictions
AyurvedaMatching statement halves
Living with a sight impairment Sentence completion: exact word
Weight training for children Multiple-choice clozeJunk food generation Banked clozeLanguage review: reported speech
Coping with exam stressMagazine article Describing past events
Addictions ConversationBecoming a vegetarianDebateDifferent ways to stay healthyLong turn
8 Travel and tourism page 62
Types of travelTourismUrban transport Traffic management and road safety
Rowing across the Atlantic Sentence completionPhrasal verbs with run
Eco-tourism Multiple choice
Traffic calming measures in cities Word formationTravel with a purposeOpen cloze Language review: participles
Problems on holidayFormal letter Making a complaint
Where, why, and how we travelConversationBudget airlinesDebateWays of commutingLong turn
9 Culture and free timepage 70
Media and the pressFilm Creative arts: literature and artPerforming arts: theatre and musikc
A teenage bestseller writer True/false/the text does not sayUsing since to connect ideas
Ways of using leisure time Sentence completion
A photo exhibitionEditingThe Edinburgh FestivalBanked clozeLanguage review: past modals
Going to a concert with a friend Informal emailGiving an invitation
Museums in the 21st century ConversationThe internet and free time DebateMass media and cultureLong turn
10 Sportpage 78
Sports venuesDoing sportsSports resultsSports events Extreme sports
The fastest ball game in the worldSummary completionDependent prepositions and phrasal verbs
People’s attitudes to sport Multiple matching
Olympic GamesOpen clozeBenefits of sport Multiple-choice clozeLanguage review: conditionals review,
mixed conditionals
A great sporting experience Blog postDescribing an important event
Extreme sportsConversationProfessional sportsDebateDifferent roles of sport in our lives Long turn
11 Science and technologypage 86
ScienceTechnologyTechnical problemsInformation Technology
The discovery of DNA Gapped text
Future scientific developments True/false/the text does not say
Space explorationEditingRadio wave technology Word formationLanguage review: future perfect and continuous
Technology at school and at homeFormal letterResponding to an article (2)
Popular gadgets and appsConversationDependence on modern technologyDebateEnvironmentally-friendly inventionsLong turn
12 Nature and environment page 94
Climate Extreme weatherFlora and faunaThe environment
Owning a zoo Multiple choice
The future of the world Evaulating statements
Reducing your carbon footprintWord formationWater: our most precious resource Open clozeLanguage review: the passive with infinitive
or -ing form
Reducing plastic pollutionForum postSuggesting solutions
Natural disastersConversationEnergy sourcesDebateEndangered speciesLong turn
Exam Practice Extra Grammar reference Irregular verbs Speaking bank (general conversation) Speaking bank (examiner’s prompts) pages 102–113 pages 114–138 pages 139–140 pages 141–147 pages 148–154
Writing bank Wordlist Érettségi practice test pages 155–161 pages 162–177 pages 178–191
About the Érettségi exam page 4
Vocabulary Reading Listening Use of English Writing Speaking
1 Family and relationshipspage 6
Family and societyHousehold and repairsRelationships Conflicts
What are friends for?Multiple choiceCollocations with get
Communal livingEvaluating statements
TV dads Open clozeThe right time to get married?Editing Language review: infinitive and gerund (-ing form)
Picking up friend from airport Informal emailAsking a friend for a favour
Teenagers: rebelling and conforming ConversationGenerations living togetherDebateDifferent family modelsLong turn
2 People and societypage 14
Attitudes and behavioursCelebrations Social issues and charityPolitics
When is trade really fair?Gapped textCollocations with take
The way men and women thinkMultiple matching
Perfectionism: an obstacle to happiness?Banked clozeAn election day incidentMultiple-choice clozeLanguage review: past tenses review;
used to and would
Suitable role models for teenagersFormal letterResponding to an article (1)
Family celebrations, national holidaysConversationCharities DebateConsumer societyLong turn
3 Homepage 22
Urban and rural livingBuying and renting a homeEcologically-friendly living
Unusual homes Multiple matching
Decorating your bedroomTrue/false/the text does not say
Homes in the futureWord formationManchesterMultiple-choice cloze Language review: perfect tenses
Renting a propertyFormal emailArranging an appointment
Environmental livingConversationBuying or rentingDebateHistoric town areas Long turn
4 Schoolpage 30
Education system Life and traditions at school and collegeExtra-curricular activities Higher education
Too much too youngMatching statement halves
Extracurricular courses Sentence completion: exact word
Living and learning on an island Banked clozeMobile phones in the classroom Open cloze Language review: would rather, would prefer,
had better
Bullying at schoolBlog postMaking suggestions
School traditions ConversationExamsDebateDifferent ways of studying Long turn
5 Work page 38
Employment Looking for a jobThe job market
A career on TVMultiple choicePhrasal verbs and collocations with draw
Turning a hobby into a job Multiple choice
Job interviews Word formationRemote workingMultiple-choice clozeLanguage review: the causative
Enquiring about a job Formal emailRequesting information
Job fairsConversationUnemploymentDebateChoosing a job or careerLong turn
6 Moneypage 4
Money Banking Retail and advertisingThe world of business
A winning advert?Multiple matchingPurpose and contrast
Shopping on the high street or online Evaluating statements
The history of Harrod’sOpen clozeNew shopping trendsEditingLanguage review: inversion
How to save moneyForum postSuggesting and giving advice
Budgeting for personal expenses ConversationTaxationDebateMethods of payingLong turn
7 Healthy living page 54
Healthy eating Symptoms and illnessesHealthcareAlternative therapiesAddictions
AyurvedaMatching statement halves
Living with a sight impairment Sentence completion: exact word
Weight training for children Multiple-choice clozeJunk food generation Banked clozeLanguage review: reported speech
Coping with exam stressMagazine article Describing past events
Addictions ConversationBecoming a vegetarianDebateDifferent ways to stay healthyLong turn
8 Travel and tourism page 62
Types of travelTourismUrban transport Traffic management and road safety
Rowing across the Atlantic Sentence completionPhrasal verbs with run
Eco-tourism Multiple choice
Traffic calming measures in cities Word formationTravel with a purposeOpen cloze Language review: participles
Problems on holidayFormal letter Making a complaint
Where, why, and how we travelConversationBudget airlinesDebateWays of commutingLong turn
9 Culture and free timepage 70
Media and the pressFilm Creative arts: literature and artPerforming arts: theatre and musikc
A teenage bestseller writer True/false/the text does not sayUsing since to connect ideas
Ways of using leisure time Sentence completion
A photo exhibitionEditingThe Edinburgh FestivalBanked clozeLanguage review: past modals
Going to a concert with a friend Informal emailGiving an invitation
Museums in the 21st century ConversationThe internet and free time DebateMass media and cultureLong turn
10 Sportpage 78
Sports venuesDoing sportsSports resultsSports events Extreme sports
The fastest ball game in the worldSummary completionDependent prepositions and phrasal verbs
People’s attitudes to sport Multiple matching
Olympic GamesOpen clozeBenefits of sport Multiple-choice clozeLanguage review: conditionals review,
mixed conditionals
A great sporting experience Blog postDescribing an important event
Extreme sportsConversationProfessional sportsDebateDifferent roles of sport in our lives Long turn
11 Science and technologypage 86
ScienceTechnologyTechnical problemsInformation Technology
The discovery of DNA Gapped text
Future scientific developments True/false/the text does not say
Space explorationEditingRadio wave technology Word formationLanguage review: future perfect and continuous
Technology at school and at homeFormal letterResponding to an article (2)
Popular gadgets and appsConversationDependence on modern technologyDebateEnvironmentally-friendly inventionsLong turn
12 Nature and environment page 94
Climate Extreme weatherFlora and faunaThe environment
Owning a zoo Multiple choice
The future of the world Evaulating statements
Reducing your carbon footprintWord formationWater: our most precious resource Open clozeLanguage review: the passive with infinitive
or -ing form
Reducing plastic pollutionForum postSuggesting solutions
Natural disastersConversationEnergy sourcesDebateEndangered speciesLong turn
Exam Practice Extra Grammar reference Irregular verbs Speaking bank (general conversation) Speaking bank (examiner’s prompts) pages 102–113 pages 114–138 pages 139–140 pages 141–147 pages 148–154
Writing bank Wordlist Érettségi practice test pages 155–161 pages 162–177 pages 178–191
Az Oxford Exam Trainer és az érettségi vizsga
A 2017-re átdolgozott érettségi követelmények szerint részben megváltozott az idegen nyelvi vizsga felépítése, és a témakörök is kibővültek a tizedik, Gazdaság témakörrel.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer, amely az emelt szintű angol nyelvi vizsgára készít fel, a Közös Európai Referenciakeret szerint B2 szintnek felel meg, és ezeknek a megváltozott körülményeknek kíván eleget tenni.
A B2 szint
A tanuló B2 szinten megérti a változatos, konkrét vagy elvont témájú szövegek fő gondolatmenetét, követni tudja a hosszabb, összetettebb érveléseket is. Folyamatos és természetes módon tud a célnyelven interakciót folytatni. Világos és részletes szöveget tud létrehozni különböző témákról. Véleményét indokolni tudja, részletezni tudja a különböző lehetőségekből adódó előnyöket és hátrányokat. (az Oktatási Hivatal meghatározása alapján)
Témakörök
A könyv 12 fejezete az idegen nyelvi érettségi vizsgák mind a tíz témakörét járja körül: • személyes vonatkozások, család (1. fejezet)• ember és társadalom (2. fejezet)• környezetünk (3. és 12. fejezetek)• az iskola (4. fejezet)• a munka világa (5. fejezet)• életmód (7. fejezet)• szabadidő, művelődés, szórakozás (9. és 10. fejezetek)• utazás, turizmus (8. fejezet)• tudomány és technika (11. fejezet)• gazdaság (6. fejezet).A fejezetek egyes részei a témakörök más és más elemeit tárják fel.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer minden fejezete a témakör szókincsének átismétlésével és begyakorlásával kezdődik. A kötet legvégén fejezetenként (azaz a fentiek szerint érettségi témakörönként) csoportosított, kétnyelvű szószedet (Wordlist) található.
A vizsga szerkezeteAz emelt szintű (B2) idegen nyelvi érettségi vizsga írásbeli és szóbeli részből áll. A sikeres érettségi vizsga feltétele, hogy a vizsgázó mind az öt vizsgarészben külön-külön az elérhető pontszám legalább 12%-át megszerezze.
ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA
Az írásbeli érettségi vizsga 4 feladatlapból áll.
Olvasott szöveg értése
A vizsga első része azt méri, a vizsgázó képes-e a mindennapi életben előforduló, különböző fajtájú autentikus szövegeket önállóan elolvasni, és az olvasási céloknak megfelelő mélységben megérteni a megfelelő stratégiákat alkalmazva.
A feladatlap általában 4 autentikus vagy kismértékben szerkesztett szöveget és 4 egymástól különböző feladatot tartalmaz. A szövegek együttes terjedelme 1300–1500 szó, és a feladatok összesen 25–30 kérdésből állnak. A feladattípusok a megadott lehetőségeken belül évről évre változhatnak. Ezek között jellemzően az alábbi feladatok fordulnak elő:• összegző mondatok részeinek egymáshoz rendelése• párosítás, egymáshoz rendelés• szövegből kiemelt hosszabb mondatrészek, vagy teljes
mondatok szövegbe illesztése• feleletválasztás• igaz / hamis / nincs a szövegben állítások• kérdésekre adott rövid válaszok• hiányos mondatok kiegészítése.Az olvasott szöveg értése feladatlap megoldására a vizsgán 70 perc áll rendelkezésre, és a helyes megoldásra összesen 30 pont szerezhető.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer minden fejezetében egy-egy olvasott szövegértési feladat szerepel, és a kötetben valamennyi jellemző feladattípus megjelenik.
Nyelvhelyesség
A vizsga második része azt méri, a vizsgázó képes-e változatos nyelvtani szerkezetek és lexikai egységek felismerésére, kiegészítésére és létrehozására szövegszinten, azaz rendelkezik-e azokkal a nyelvi ismeretekkel, amelyek képessé teszik az önálló kommunikációra.A feladatlap általában 4 rövid, autentikus vagy szerkesztett szöveget és 4 egymástól különböző feladatot tartalmaz. A szövegek együttes terjedelme 700–900 szó, és a feladatok összesen 30–35 kérdésből állnak. Öt feladattípus fordul elő általában az emelt szintű nyelvhelyesség feladatlapon:• szövegkiegészítés feleletválasztással• önálló szövegkiegészítés• szövegkiegészítés megadott szókészletből vagy
kifejezéskészletből• szövegkiegészítés szóképzéssel• hibaazonosítás (a szövegsorokba nyelvtanilag vagy
logikailag nem illeszkedő szó azonosítása).A nyelvhelyesség feladatlap megoldására 50 perc fordítható, és a helyes megoldásra összesen 30 pont szerezhető.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer valamennyi fejezetének törzsanyagában két nyelvhelyességet mérő vizsgafeladat szerepel. Minden fejezethez kapcsolódóan egy-egy további kiegészítő vizsgafeladat található a kötet végén.A nyelvhelyességet gyakoroltató feladatokhoz kapcsolódó szóanyag a fejezetek elején, valamint az egyes szövegértési részekben; a nyelvtani anyag pedig a nyelvhelyesség rész elején egy rövid ismétlés erejéig, valamint a kötet végén szereplő, részletes ismertetést és gyakorlatokat is tartalmazó nyelvtan mellékletben (Grammar Reference) található.
Bevezető
4 Bevezető
Hallott szöveg értése
A vizsga harmadik része azt méri, a vizsgázó képes-e megérteni az általánosan elfogadott nyelvhasználattól nem vagy csak kissé eltérő anyanyelvi beszédet, és a céloknak megfelelő stratégiákat alkalmazni. Emelt szinten a művelt köznyelv összetettebb, választékosabb formái is előfordulnak, a szövegek árnyalt közléseket, véleményeket és ellenvéleményeket is tartalmaznak.A feladatlap általában 3 rögzített hangzó szövegből (amelyben egy, kettő vagy több beszélő is szerepelhet), és 3 egymástól különböző feladatból áll. A szövegek együttes terjedelme 7–10 perc, és a feladatok összesen 20–25 kérdésből állnak. A feladattípusok a megadott lehetőségeken belül évről évre változhatnak. Jellemzően az alábbi feladatok fordulnak elő a vizsgákon:• igaz / hamis / nincs a szövegben állítások• párosítás, egymáshoz rendelés• kijelentések igazságtartalmának értékelése• kérdésekre adott rövid válaszok• hiányos mondatok kiegészítése• feleletválasztás.A vizsgán a vizsgázó minden szöveget kétszer hallgathat meg. A hallott szöveg értése feladatlap megoldására 30 perc áll rendelkezésre, és a helyes megoldással összesen 30 pontot lehet elérni.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer minden fejezetében egy-egy hallott szövegértési feladat szerepel. A kötetben valamennyi jellemző feladattípus megjelenik. Minden fejezethez kapcsolódóan egy további kiegészítő vizsgafeladat is található a kötet végén.
Íráskészség
Az írásbeli vizsga utolsó része azt méri, a vizsgázó képes-e magát idegen nyelven írásban kifejezni, és a feladatokban megadott kommunikációs célokat megvalósítani, képes-e változatos témákról részletesen, árnyaltan írni és azokról véleményét rendszerezetten kifejteni, valamint hogy képes-e a változatos nyelvi eszközök alkalmazásával összefüggő, megfelelően tagolt, logikusan felépített szöveget létrehozni.• Az íráskészség feladatlap mindig két feladatból áll:• interakciós / tranzakciós (120–150 szó terjedelmű)
rövidebb szöveg létrehozása, megadott segédanyagra reagálva, három irányító szempont alapján, és
• véleménykifejtő (200–250 szó terjedelmű) hosszabb szöveg létrehozása, segédanyagok és négy irányító szempont alapján.
A feladathoz biztosított segédanyagok között előfordulhat egy adott szituáció részletes leírása, rövidebb-hosszabb szöveg (pl. felhívás vagy hirdetés, üzenet, levél vagy email, blogbejegyzés vagy internetes hozzászólás), vagy ábra, kép, grafikon vagy táblázat is. A vizsgán a két szöveg megírására 90 perc fordítható, és a feladatlapon maximum 30 pont érhető el. Az íráskészség vizsgán egy- vagy kétnyelvű nyomtatott szótár használható!
Az Oxford Exam Trainer minden fejezetében egy íráskészség feladat található, és a kötetben valamennyi jellemzően előforduló feladattípus szerepel. A kötet végén az egyes szövegtípusok jellemzőit ismertető mintaszöveg-gyűjtemény (Writing Bank) található, a feladat megoldását segítő tanácsokkal és hasznos kifejezésekkel.
Az írásbeli vizsga négy részét tehát 240 perc alatt kell megoldani, és a maximálisan elérhető pontszám 120 pont.
SZÓBELI VIZSGA
A szóbeli vizsga azt méri, a vizsgázó képes-e gondolatait idegen nyelven folyékonyan, helyesen és hatékonyan kifejezni, valamint hogy milyen mértékben képes mind önálló témakifejtésre, mind beszélgetésben való aktív részvételre.A szóbeli érettségi vizsga egyes tételeinek vizsgázói feladatlapjain csak a második és harmadik feladat szerepel. (A vizsgáztatói feladatlapra ezen felül a vizsgázó számára nem látható további információk, a társalgási feladat kérdései, a vita feladatban felhasználható érvek, és az önálló témakifejtés feladathoz tartozó segítő kérdések kerülnek.)A feladatok kidolgozásához felkészülési idő nincs.A vizsgafeladatokat megelőzően a vizsgáztató rövid, legfeljebb 1 perces terjedelmű bemelegítő beszélgetést kezdeményez a vizsgázóval. A szóbeli feladatsor mindig három fő részből áll. • A társalgási feladatban a vizsgázó egy konkrét témához
kapcsolódó, elvontabb, a hétköznapi tevékenységeihez nem kapcsolódó, szóban elhangzó kérdésekre válaszol. (Ezek a feladatlapon nem szerepelnek.)
• A vita (véleménykülönbség megjelenítése és áthidalása) feladatban a vizsgázónak egy adott témához kapcsolódó provokatív állítást kell megvitatnia a vizsgáztatóval. Érvelnie kell az adott állítás mellett vagy ellen, kifejtve álláspontját, és reagálnia vitapartnere álláspontjára. Ehhez használhatja a három megadott irányító szempontot.
• Az önálló témakifejtés feladatban a vizsgázónak általában két egymáshoz valamilyen módon kapcsolódó képi vagy szöveges segédanyag alapján kell gondolatait, véleményét összefüggően kifejtenie. A vizsgáztató szükség esetén előre megírt segítő kérdéseket tehet fel. A feladatnak nem része a képek tartalmának részletes leírása és aprólékos összevetése.
A szóbeli vizsga összesen 20 percig tart. Összesen 30 pont érhető el a három feladat megoldásával.
Az Oxford Exam Trainer minden fejezetének végén egy, a fejezet témáihoz kapcsolódó teljes szóbeli feladatsor szerepel – az órai vagy önálló gyakorlás céljaihoz alkalmazott formában. A kötet végén található kifejezés-gyűjtemény (Speaking Bank) az egyes kommunikációs célokhoz kapcsolódó kifejezéseket sorolja fel.
Az érettségi vizsgára készen!
Az Oxford Exam Trainer legvégén egy teljes emelt szintű érettségi vizsga minta-feladatsora található, amelyet a tanultak összegzésére, próbavizsgaként használhatunk.
Eredményes felkészülést, sikeres vizsgát kívánunk!a szerzők
2019. augusztus5Bevezető
6 M O N E Y6
V O C A B U L A R Y
Money
1 Work in pairs. Check the meaning of these words: cash, mobile payment, online banking, credit card. Now discuss the questions.
1 How often do you use the forms of payment above? What types of things do you buy with each of them?
2 Do you think some forms of payment encourage people to spend more money than others? Why/Why not?
2 Complete the sentences with cash or money.
1 on delivery is when you pay for something when it arrives rather than in advance.
2 Be careful with that – it cost a lot of .3 Customers are offered a discount if they pay
.4 You can pay in or by card.5 We make sure our clients get the best that
can buy.6 I’m a bit strapped for . Can you lend me
20 euros?
3 Complete the sentences about money with the verbs from the box. Use the correct forms. There are two verbs you don’t need to use.
cost earn exchange pay purchase save spend withdraw
1 If he hasn’t got a job, how is he a living?2 Can you buy me lunch? I you back
tomorrow.3 The company this land last year and
now they’re building new offices on it.4 She’s bought so many clothes! She must
a fortune!5 Can I my euros for US dollars, please?6 It’s possible up to £300 at this ATM.
Banking
4 Choose the correct word (a, b or c) to complete the questions (1–6). Then, match the questions to the answers (A–F).
1 Will you need to take out a student to cover your costs at university?
a loan b payment c refund2 Did your parents open a joint when they
got married? a account b currency c deposit3 How much does this savings scheme offer? a fee b charge c interest 4 Do you receive a printed each month, or do
you check your balance online? a account b declaration c statement5 Will I have to pay a(n) fee for changing
money here? a exchanging b interest c transaction6 Can I the money to you online? a transfer b transform c transmit
A I get one in the post annually.B Actually, they both kept their own.C Yes, but I didn’t think you had an internet account!D Yes, but I’m also going to get a part-time job.E All exchange bureaus here charge 0.3%.F Banks are only offering 0.1% right now, but the
rate changes.
5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 What is the difference between a debit card and a credit card? Where can you find this information (1–7) on a debit or credit card?
card type card number cardholder’s name expiration date card verification code (CVC) cardholder’s signature contactless payment chip
2 How would you find out about different types of bank account or credit cards? Why don’t some people like the idea of online banking?
6
4455 123
1
23
45
7
6
Money
7M O N E Y6
9 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions (1–6) from exercise 8.
The world of business
10 Choose the correct word from the pair of given words to complete sentences a and b.1 donate/invest a We plan to all our savings in the
family business. b How much will the company to
charity this year?2 shareholders/founders a We are the largest . We own 73% of
the company. b Bill Gates and Paul Allen were the of
Microsoft in 1975.3 profit/deficit a Last year was successful. We made a
of half a million euros. b Our accounts last year showed a . We
spent 5,000 euros more than we earned. 4 salary/income a Lowering tax usually encourages
economic growth. b The for this job is £23,000 a year.
11 Work in pairs. Take turns to answer the questions.
1 Have you ever saved up for something? What was it? How much did you save? Did you succeed?
2 What do you think is the best age to open your own bank account? Why?
3 Do you ever borrow or lend money? Why? / Why not? Who do you borrow from or lend to?
4 How much are your shopping decisions influenced by advertising?
5 How does advertising affect our lives? What are the benefits and the drawbacks?
6 What skills and qualities do you need to be successful in business?
6 Complete the text with words or phrases from the box.
annual charge clear credit late-payment over-the-limit rate terms
Credit card wisdom
If you don’t have a credit card yet, you are very likely to have one soon. You may not realise, but different banks vary on the 1 and conditions they offer for a particular credit card. Before you make a decision, be sure to know the answers to the following questions.
When are you going to pay off the credit card? If you’d rather not 2 your balance at the end of the month, but extend it instead, the best option may be a card with a low interest 3 .
What are the fees? The most common fees include a(n) 4 fee (a once-a-year payment), a(n) 5 fee (for not paying by the due date) or a(n) 6 fee (when you borrow more than your agreement allows).
How much can you borrow? Find out about your 7 limit: the maximum amount of money you can borrow from the bank.
What does the small print say? Find out if there are any additional fees. For example, if your card is lost or stolen, you may have to pay a 8 for any unauthorised transactions made on it.
7 Work in pairs. Discuss the question.
Do credit cards make our lives easier? Why?/Why not?
Retail and advertising
8 Match the words in bold in the sentences (1–6) to their definitions (a–f).
1 What are your favourite fashion brands? Why?
2 Which advertising slogans do you know? What do they advertise?
3 Do some advertising campaigns only work at certain times of the year? Which? Why?
4 Do you read flyers people hand you in the street? Why?/Why not?
5 What types of messages work well on billboards?
6 Do you usually watch commercials? Why?/Why not?
a advertisements on TV or on the internetb large advertising signs along roadsc recognisable products made by a particular companyd small paper advertising an event or servicee advertising messages phrased in a way so they are short
and striking or easy to rememberf series of planned activities to achieve an aim
V O C A B U L A R Y
8 M O N E Y6
R E A D I N G
Multiple matching
1 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and discuss the questions. 1 Match the descriptions (A–C) to the photos (1–3).
What other approaches might advertising companies use to appeal to more customers?
A advertising on specialised media channels to target people with specific interests
B billboard advertising that adapts to the people looking at it
C personalised advertisements sent directly to your mobile device
2 Which of these approaches (A–C) do you think is going to become more dominant? Which of them are already being used?
3 How do you think advertising is going to change in the near future?
2 Read the article about advertising. Why does the writer use a question mark in the title?
• Read the whole text quickly to get a general understanding.
• The first sentence of a paragraph is usually a topic sentence, which gives you an idea of what the paragraph will be about.
EXAM STRATEGY
3 EXAM TASK Read the article again. In which paragraph (A–F) can you find the information (1–6)? Use each statement only once. There is ONE extra statement you don’t need. There is an example (0).0 The advertisement didn’t quite achieve
its main goals. F1 The commercial gained recognition within the
advertising business and among customers. 2 The success of the advert led to many
imitators, some more successful than others. 3 Viewers can now control whether or not
they watch media commercials. 4 The commercial combines animation with
the appeal of a pop star. 5 Several different factors contributed to the
positive reception of the commercial. 6 Advertisers have had to change their
approach to appeal to more viewers.
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.1 What is the most memorable advert you have seen
recently? Why was it memorable?2 What role do you think sharing content on social
media plays in advertising?
Companies spend billions of pounds on TV commercials every year. Adverts are often boring, repetitive, and irritating, but nowadays you can simply click a button on social media in order to skip most of the advert if you’re not interested. This innovation certainly improves the experience for impatient viewers, but what does this development mean for businesses?
As a result of these changes, it has become extremely important for advertising companies to create commercials that are enjoyable to watch and that can capture our attention. In other words, a successful advert for the new era becomes a form of entertainment – a creative piece that makes us forget, for a moment, that we are watching someone trying to sell us a product or a service.
Most people would agree that the advert for the Citroen C4 car falls into that category. In this short film, a Citroen C4 is parked in a rooftop car park. Suddenly, the animated car splits open and stands up so that its back doors become legs, its front wheels are arms. With its stereo playing, the car, now a robot, starts dancing just like Justin Timberlake. Which is hardly surprising, since the dance moves were designed by none other than Timberlake’s own choreographer.
A winning advert?1
3
A
B
C
9M O N E Y6
Words in context
5 Work in pairs. Look at the highlighted words in the article. Discuss their meaning and use them to complete the sentences (1–6).1 Our company is very interested in product design
and .2 This new software has turned out to be the best
we have ever made – money well spent.3 First we listed our target markets and then we
a set of strategies to attract them.4 This brand has limited among young
people aged 18 to 25.5 They use computer-generated imagery to
the imagination of younger audiences.6 The council will pay for damage caused by faulty
of the building work.
Purpose and contrast
6 Find an example of a phrase expressing a) purpose and b) contrast in the article. Then choose the correct option to complete the sentences (1–5). 1 You must complete an online form in order you can
become/to become a member of the organisation. 2 We need to have this conversation so that for us
not to have/we don’t have any misunderstandings. 3 Although it is/being a mammal, a duck-billed
platypus lays eggs. 4 Despite having/that he has a strong French accent,
Alex speaks excellent English. 5 I love my new phone, although being/it was really
expensive.
7 Rewrite the sentences so that the second sentence has the same meaning.1 I saved some money to get a new tablet. I saved some money so that .2 Although I had a receipt, I didn’t get a refund. I didn’t get a refund despite .3 The babysitter came by taxi so as not to be late. The babysitter came by taxi in order
.4 In spite of the rain, the carpenter finished the fence. Although ,
the carpenter finished the fence.5 The risk is high, but people still invest money in the
stock exchange. People still invest money in the stock exchange, in
spite of .
The original TV advert soon became so popular that it was considered to be one of the best commercials that year, winning numerous industry awards. In fact, in the month following its release, it helped double the number of visitors to the Citroen website.
The success of the advertising campaign lay in the cinematic quality of its execution. Although it was only designed to promote a product, the superb choreography, the dazzling animation and the cool music all added to its appeal. Fans loved it because it was lively, fun, and original. Not to mention that it was short and fast moving, which meant viewers could re-watch it many times without feeling bored.
However, many viewers seemed to be confused by the advert. They loved the robot and some even said that they would purchase it without hesitation. This was the first clue that the advert wasn't entirely successful. Additionally, despite its entertainment value, they could never quite recall the make of the car or the model. And isn’t that what the advert was devised for in the first place?
A winning advert? 2
D
E
F
U S E O F E N G L I S H
A landmark for shoppersIn 1849, Charles Henry Harrod opened the Knightsbridge store in London. Beginning in a small room, it sold tea and groceries. The business did 0 well . It expanded steadily, and by 1880 was a thriving department store, offering everything 1 medicines and perfumes to clothing and food. The store attracted wealthy customers who were looking for exclusive goods 2 a single roof. The building was completely destroyed in a fire in 1883, but little 3 anyone realize what would replace it! The new architect-designed store was like a palace, with Art Nouveau windows and Baroque domes. Harrods became a public company in 1889, and 4 the 1890s it had established new departments, including one 5 sold exotic pets. During World War II, the store was transformed 6 a factory which made uniforms and parachutes. In 1985, it returned to private ownership when Mohamed Al Fayed and his brother, Ali, bought Harrods for £615 million and took 7 its management. The management team introduced a dress code in 1989, which banned swimwear and many
M O N E Y6
LANGUAGE REVIEW
inversion
1 Complete the sentences with phrases from the box.
hardly little no sooner seldom under no circumstances
1 did he know what he would find when he opened the letter.
2 had Jean left the shop, when she realised her credit card was gone.
3 will I lend you any money. I’ve done it too many times before!
4 had the shop closed down, than another one opened.
5 do they eat out at a restaurant – only on very special occasions.
Grammar reference page 15
Open cloze
Never write more than one word in a gap even if a phrase of two or more words fits both grammatically and logically.
EXAM STRATEGY
2 EXAM TASK Read the article about the history of a famous London department store. Some words are missing from the text. Fill in the gaps (1–10) with the missing words. Use only ONE word in each gap. There is an example (0).
Editing
Not every line includes a word which should not be there, so it isn't necessary to delete a word from every line. You will lose a point if you delete a word from a line that’s correct!
EXAM STRATEGY
3 EXAM TASK Read the essay about shopping trends. In most lines there is ONE word that should not be there. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Read the text and copy the extra word at the end of each line.
Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (✓).
There are two examples (0).
Why we shop online more and moreLittle did we know 20 years ago that online shopping would become so popular.
0 Every day more and more people are turning on to the internet to order
on
0 everything from tablets to cars, food to flights. The main
✓
1 advantage of internet shopping is a convenience. People can shop online
2 from the comfort of their homes, saving up the time and hassle of
3 going to the shops. As online stores are open around the clock,
4 consumers can visit them whenever that they want. This makes them more convenient
5 and is also why e-commerce is growing so rapidly. In the addition,
6 big international warehouses allow you for a wider choice of cheaper
7 products. Consumers can browse products made in all around the
8 world and locate hard-to-find items like out- of-print books. What
9 is more, items are usually cheaper than on the web because
10 warehouse and staff costs are lower. In short, the comfort
and convenience online shopping offers makes it the future of retail.
4 Do you agree with the author of the essay in exercise 3? Why/Why not?
U S E O F E N G L I S H8 items of beachwear considered too revealing. However, 9 days Harrods is famous for its first-class service and high-quality products. From 10 humble beginnings as a greengrocer’s, Harrods now covers over 90,000 square metres, and sells goods across seven floors and 330 departments.
10
11
L I S T E N I N G
M O N E Y6
Evaluating statements
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss the questions.1 Which of the things in the photos would/wouldn’t
you buy online? Why?2 Have you or someone you know had a bad
experience when shopping online? What happened?
3 EXAM TASK 11 Listen to the conversation again and circle the correct answer(s) (A and/or B). Note that both answers may be correct. There is always at least one correct answer. This means you have to circle one or two letters. There is an example (0).0 Monica … A enjoyed going to the shops when she was
younger. B didn’t live near the shopping centre.1 Monica started shopping online … A after she had an accident. B because a friend recommended it to her.2 What Monica likes about internet shopping is that … A she can search for information about the best
stores in town. B whatever she buys gets delivered to her home.3 What Monica finds annoying is that … A in shops, there is less choice than online. B it is often difficult to find things in her size on the
internet. 4 James dislikes the fact that … A online shopping sites persuade him to buy
things he doesn’t need. B you can’t tell whether things online are good
enough quality. 5 James is concerned that … A goods bought online can’t usually be returned
to the seller. B being able to shop 24 hours a day encourages
addiction.6 Monica doesn’t believe that … A changing her shopping habits could have a
significant impact on high street shops. B people like her are responsible for shops closing
down on the high street.
4 Match the expressions (1–6) from the conversation with their definitions (a–f).1 hooked 2 to your doorstep 3 above all else 4 for the sake of it 5 can’t be bothered 6 part with
a without a particular reasonb unwilling to make an effortc absorbed in or obsessed aboutd pay or give something to someone else, especially
when done reluctantlye directly to your homef more than anything
5 Who do you agree with more: James or Monica? Discuss in pairs.
2 10 Listen to the start of a conversation between two friends, James and Monica. Which of the friends is more in favour of online shopping?a Jamesb Monica
• Remember: evaluate both statements in each pair separately. The fact that A is true may mean that B is true as well, but B could equally be false.
• One of the statements is always correct. There are no questions where both statements are false.
EXAM STRATEGY
12 M O N E Y
W R I T I N G
6
Forum post: suggesting and giving advice
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 Do you ever worry about money? If so, what do you worry about? If not, why not?
2 What do you think the saying ‘Money doesn’t grow on trees’ means? Do you agree with it?
2 Read Adele’s forum post and answer the questions (1–3).
My friends and I are staying in campsites for three weeks this
summer. We’re going to be in remote areas, so I think we’ll have to carry quite a lot of cash. How much should we take for everyday expenses and emergencies? And how can we keep cash and cards safe? I’ve heard some horror stories about people losing all their money on holiday. Last year, one of my friends had a lot of cash and his cards stolen from a youth hostel. He had to cancel his debit card and borrow money from his friends.
Adele
1 Why does Adele say she’ll need lots of cash?2 What does she think she will need cash for?3 Why is she concerned about keeping her cash and
cards safe?
3 Imagine you are going to reply to Adele. Make notes of your ideas for each point. Discuss your notes in pairs.Cash for everyday expenses: Food, …How much cash: £ …Emergencies: Use your …Safety: Keep cash and cards in a …
4 Read SammyH’s reply to Adele’s post. Discuss the questions (1–3).
I suggest you work out a daily budget covering food, drink, and
transport, and take enough cash for a couple of days. I wouldn’t bother taking loads of cash as most campsites accept cards. However, I’d definitely take a cash emergency fund of £100.To keep your money safe, I’d recommend buying a small lock that you can use on your rucksack. If you don’t want to do this, then you might want to sleep with your wallet under your pillow at night.
SammyH
1 What is SammyH’s advice on each point? Is it the same as you gave in your notes?
2 Which phrases does he use to suggest and advise?3 Does he use formal or informal language?
5 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences (1–5).1 Personally, I would recommend that you keep/
would keep your cards separately from your cash.2 The best thing to do is taking/to take a bit more
money than you think you need. 3 Don’t even think about leaving/to leave your bag
unattended at a bus or railway station!4 It’s a good idea telling/to tell your bank if you’re
going to be travelling abroad. 5 It’s worth buying/to buy a money belt that you can
wear under your jeans.
Take time to think of some ideas for each of the four points in the task and make notes for each. Write down any relevant vocabulary.
EXAM STRATEGY
6 EXAM TASK Read Jack’s forum post.
I love technology and always want the latest gadgets. Right now I really want
to buy a new phone. I’ve saved some money from my part-time job, but I need to save quite a bit more. My problem is that I find it really hard to save! I spend a lot on clothes because I like to look good, and I love buying presents for people, especially my girlfriend. It’s my way of showing I care about them.I have tried saving in the past, but I’ve never managed to keep it up for longer than a month. Can anyone advise me on how to save more effectively??
Jack
Write a comment (200–250 words) to Jack in which you:▸ give advice about how to save for things ▸ suggest ways to spend less▸ suggest other ways to show people he cares▸ describe your own experience of saving up.
Begin your comment like this:
Jack,
7 Check your work. Have you written about all four points in the task? Have you used appropriate informal language for
an online forum post? Have you used the correct language for making
suggestions and giving advice? Have you written between 200 and 250 words?
13
S P E A K I N G
M O N E Y6
Conversation
1 EXAM TASK Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about managing your money.
1 What do you spend money on? What do people your age generally spend their money on? Why do they spend it on these things?
2 When was the last time you bought something expensive? What was it? Did you compare prices (online) before buying it?
3 ‘Having a monthly budget for personal expenses is the best way for young people to learn how to spend wisely.’ Do you agree? Why?/Why not?
4 Describe somebody you know who manages their money either very well or very badly. What do they do? What are the results?
5 ‘Buy now, pay later.’ Do you agree? Why?/Why not?6 How much should people your age be given each
month as an allowance? Explain why.
Debate
2 EXAM TASK Work in pairs. Read the statement and the points in the list and have a debate.Decide if you are going to argue for or against the statement. If you argue for the statement, you are Student A. Both Student A and Student B should make notes about each point in the list for what you are going to say and what your opponent might say. Make notes about what you will say in reply to your opponent. Student A: begin the debate with one point. Student B: respond with an argument against Student A’s point. Student A: respond by saying something that supports your view. Continue until you have discussed the three points in the list.
The government should tax unhealthy food to improve people’s health.▸ the money it generates for the government▸ fairness ▸ the cost to government and society
Long turn
• In a task where you need to compare things, think of the advantages and disadvantages of the different things.
• Mention your own experience of the topic that is shown in the pictures.
EXAM STRATEGY
3 EXAM TASK Work in pairs. Look at the pictures (A-D) which show people paying for things. Take turns to compare the pictures and talk about the methods of payment.
A
B
C D
U N I T 6 E X A M P R A C T I C E E X T R A
U S E O F E N G L I S H
Word formation
1 Read the article in exercise 2 without filling in the gaps. What does Alex’s business do?
Read the whole article to get a general sense of the context before you start filling in any gaps.
EXAM STRATEGY
2 EXAM TASK Read the article about a young entrepreneur. Use the words in brackets to form the words that fit in the gaps (1–10). Use the correct form of the words. There might be cases where you don’t have to change the word in brackets. There is an example (0).
L I S T E N I N G
Sentence completion: exact word
1 Look at the sentences in exercise 2. Match the topic (a–d) to each speaker.a managing your money b money education c changing attitudes to using money d credit card crime
Be aware that the sentences in the exam task are often phrased differently to how the speakers say them.
EXAM STRATEGY
2 EXAM TASK 25 Listen to four speakers talking about money issues. Fill in the gaps (1–8) with the exact words you hear. You have to write TWO words in each gap. There is an example (0).
Speaker 10 When someone cloned the woman’s card, the
fraud department of her bank contacted her.1 With the help of the cloned card, a stranger in New
York tried to .2 After this negative experience, the woman might
look at more often.
Speaker 23 People only started using their money more
responsibly when some countries were already .
4 The young woman uses cash whenever possible, and her credit card only
.Speaker 35 The man thinks it’s a good thing to have separate
for each purpose.6 The man says he is surprised at how fast the
amount of money he saves .
Speaker 47 Schoolchildren in the UK have started having
classes in money and .8 The aim is to improve how the country deals with
.14 M O N E Y6
Twenty-one-year-old Alex Tew of Great Britain needed money to be able to go to university but wasn’t sure how he could find it. But he was determined he would 0 succeed . He sat down one day with a notepad and wrote on a page: ‘How do I become a 1 (million)?’ In two and a half weeks he had raised a 2 (signify) amount of money – more than enough to cover his university 3 (tutor), with quite a bit of cash to spare. How did he manage this? As a freelance web designer, Alex was 4 (keen) aware of the power of the internet, and he had the 5 (essence) skills to help him use it. Alex came up with an idea that was both 6 (easy) understood and cheap to set up. He also chose a name that would grab people’s 7 (attention): the Million Dollar Homepage. He started 8 (sell) advertising space on the internet, but with a 9 (differ). Adverts on the internet are 10 (normal) either banner adverts, text links or video ads. What Alex did was to divide his homepage into squares of 100 pixels and sell them at a price of one dollar per pixel. And as a result, he made more than £500,000 in just four months.
15M O N E Y6
Inversion
Inversion is used in English for:▸ formality▸ emphasis▸ dramatic purposeThere are different ways of inverting a sentence.
After a negative or limiting adverb or adverbial phrase (hardly, seldom, not only, never, never before, no way, rarely, no sooner … than). If there is no auxiliary verb, add do, does, or did.
People had seldom been so confused.
They not only go to the cinema, but they also go to the theatre.
We had never experienced this before.
➔
➔
➔
Seldom had people been so confused.
Not only do they go to the cinema, but they also go to the theatre.
Never before had we experienced this.
After barely, hardly, scarcely, and no sooner + past perfect to signal that one action finished just before another one started. Notice the use of the time connectors when and than.
I had scarcely sat down to eat dinner when the phone rang.
As soon as he had bought his new phone a new model came out.
➔
➔
Scarcely had I sat down to dinner when the phone rang.
No sooner had he bought his new phone than a new model came out.
After expressions with preposition + no, e.g. at no time, on no account, under no circumstances.
You definitely shouldn’t pay the bill.
They definitely shouldn’t apologise.
➔
➔
On no account should you pay the bill.
Under no circumstances should they apologise.
After little with a negative meaning.
She doesn’t know how lucky she is to have such a well-paid job.
➔ Little does she know how lucky she is to have such a well-paid job.
1 Put the words in order to make sentences. 1 I / so /felt / . / Seldom / embarrassed / had 2 we / spent / Never / money /. / had / so / much 3 your / . / Under / pay / no / I / for / ticket / will /
circumstances 4 the station / sooner / arrived / had / No / the train /
reached / when / we /. 5 . / had / they / got into bed / when / they / fell
asleep / Hardly 6 all evening / going to / are / TV / No way /. / we /
watch
7 do / in the project / has invested / realize / Little / no one / . / that / they
8 he / it / the film, /. / Not only / direct / he / did /
funded 9 . / the terms / offering / should / accept / On no
account / the bank / is / you
10 left the store / was missing / had /. / when / I / Scarcely / my wallet / found / I
2 Choose the correct answer.1 Never before had he / he had felt so strange.2 No sooner had I left the house when / than the
phone rang.3 Hardly / Rarely have we seen such beautiful
scenery!4 Under no circumstances should / could you drive
my car.5 No way I did / did I spend all that money.6 Barely / Little does she know what a big mistake
she is making. 7 On no account / Scarcely will they change their
minds about this.8 Seldom does this orchestra play / plays so well.
3 Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.1 They had not only wasted our money, they had
also wasted our time. Not only 2 You definitely can’t proceed with this scheme
without sufficient funds. Under no circumstances 3 She had never heard such shocking news before. Never before 4 He had only just started his new job when the boss
gave him a promotion. Hardly 5 I had just paid for the movie online when I realized
I’d seen it before. No sooner 6 She doesn’t know how unpopular the budget cuts
are likely to be. Little does 7 There has rarely been such an extraordinary
reaction to a public announcement. Rarely 8 Businesses don’t often become successful so
quickly. Seldom
G R A M M A R R E F E R E N C E
Letter of complaint
You recently took a flight from London to Madrid. There was a long delay at the airport. The airline provided no information about the delay, and offered no refreshments. Also, as a result of the delay, you were unable to pick up your hire car in Madrid. Write a letter to the company in which you:▸ complain about the flight, ▸ describe the problems you had with it,▸ express your feelings about the way the airline handled
the situation, ▸ ask for compensation.
W R I T I N G B A N K
Az első bekezdésben írd le, mivel kapcsolatban teszel panaszt.
A második és harmadik bekezdésben részletezd, hogy miért teszel panaszt. Ügyelj arra, hogy pontosan és részletesen magyarázz el mindent.
Az utolsó bekezdésben írd le, hogy a probléma milyen hatással volt rád, és milyen intézkedésre számítasz (pénzvisszatérítés, kártérítés, csere stb.).
Ha Dear Sir or Madam megszólítással kezdted a levelet, akkor elköszönéskor használd a Yours faithfully kifejezést, ha tudtad a címzett nevét (Dear Mr / Mrs / Ms + vezetéknév), akkor a Yours sincerely használatával köszönj el.
Ha email helyett levelet írsz, az aláírásod alá nyomtatott betűkkel is írd oda a neved.
Provide as much detail as you can for each of the four points. Remember that your letter should be between 200 and 250 words (excluding words given in the task). The examiner will take into consideration: your ability to include all the points in the task, the coherence and logic of your language, vocabulary, and the correctness of your language.
In a letter addressed to an institution or a person you don’t know, use formal words and phrases that are typically found in official letters. Use full verb forms. Avoid using a tone that is angry or emotional.
TIP
Dear Sir / Madam
I am writing to complain about my family’s experience on PilotAir flight PTA456 from Gatwick to Madrid on 23 June this year.
When we arrived at the airport we found that the flight was delayed. I understand that sometimes delays are unavoidable, but in this case the delay was over six hours, and at no time did a PilotAir representative explain to us what was happening or how long we would have to wait. Furthermore, we also received no vouchers for refreshments despite being repeatedly promised them.
When the flight finally took off, we found that there was no food or drink on the plane, and that one of the lavatories was not working. This meant that the journey, especially with two small children, was extremely uncomfortable. To add to this, at no time did any of the cabin crew apologize – in fact they were very unhelpful and disappeared for most of the flight. We finally landed in Madrid at nearly midnight, and found that our car hire office was closed. Consequently, we had to return to the airport the next day to collect our car.
You will appreciate that this experience meant our holiday got off to a very bad start. I completed your online complaint form two weeks ago, but I have heard nothing. In light of the poor service we received, I would like to receive a full refund for the Gatwick–Madrid flight.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully
Christina Mansfield
Ezzel a kifejezéssel zárd a levelet / emailt.
Ha levelet írsz, a címedet és a dátumot írd a jobb felső sarokba. A címzett neve és címe a bal felső sarokba kerüljön. Ha emailt írsz, ezekre nincs szükség.
Ha nem ismered a címzett nevét, a következő megszólítással kezdheted a levelet.
Beginning your letterI am writing to complain about …I wish to make a complaint about …Describing what you are enclosing
with your letterI enclose … for your information/reference.Please find enclosed/attached …
Describing the situation or event(s)
I am sorry to say that …I am afraid that …I was very disappointed in … This meant that …This led to/caused/resulted in …
Asking for actionPlease could you …I would like you to …I would be grateful if you would consider a refund/
respond to me at the earliest opportunity.I look forward to hearing from you as soon as
possible/within the next few weeks.
16 M O N E Y6
17M O N E Y6
Moneycash on delivery utánvét cost vmennyibe kerülcredit card hitelkártyadebit card bankkártya, debitkártyaearn (pénzt) keresexchange (pénzt) (fel/át)váltmobile phone payment mobiltelefonos fizetésmoney transfer* (pénz)átutalásonline banking internetbankoláspay ~ by bank transfer* banki átutalással fizet ~ by credit/debit card* (hitel)kártyával fizet ~ in advance* előre fizet ~ in cash* készpénzzel fizet ~ in instalments* részletekben fizet ~ off (debt / a loan) * kifizet, visszafizet (adósságot, kölcsönt) save up spórol, félreteszstrapped for cash pénzszűkében vanwithdraw készpénzt vesz fel (számláról, kártyáról, automatából)
Bankingaccount bankszámlaannual éves, évibalance egyenlegcard number kártyaszámcard type kártyatípuscard verification code (CVC) kártyaazonosító kód, CVC-kódcardholder kártyatulajdonoscharge (v) felszámít (díjat)charge (n) díjchip chipclear (v) tartozást rendez, (teljes egészében) visszafizet tartozást,
kiegyenlít (egyenleget)contactless payment érintésmentes fizetés, PayPasscredit hitelcredit limit hitelkeretcurrency pénznemcurrent account folyószámladeclaration nyilatkozatdeposit 1 (pénz)betét; 2 letét, kaucióexchange pénzváltásexpiration date lejárati dátum/időfee (fizetendő) díjinterest kamatlate-payment fee késedelmes fizetés díjaloan kölcsön, hitelover-the-limit fee hitelkeret-túllépés díjarate kamatrátasavIngs megtakarítássavings account megtakarítási számla, betétszámlastatement bankszámlakivonatterms and conditions feltételek és kondícióktransaction tranzakció, ügylettransfer átutalás, átvezetéswithdrawal készpénzfelvételwithdraw money* pénzt vesz fel
Retail and advertisingadvert(isement) reklám, hirdetésbillboard óriásplakát (elhelyezésére szolgáló tábla)brand márka, brandcampaign (reklám)kampánycomercial reklámfilmflyer szórólap, brosúramarket research* piackutatáspublicity reklám, hírverésretail kiskereskedelemslogan szlogenvalue érték ~ for money ár-érték arány*
The world of businessbalance (üzleti) mérlegdeficit mérleghiány, deficitdonate adományozdonation adománye-commerce e-kereskedelem*found (meg)alapítfounder alapítóincome jövedeleminvest befektet, beruházinvestment befektetés, beruházás ~ in stock/shares* ~ részvényekbeinvestor* befektetőloan* kölcsönprofit nyereség, profitpurchasing power vásárlóerősalary fizetésshareholder részvényes, résztulajdonosstock exchange* (érték)tőzsdestock market* tőzsde
Words in contextappeal vonzerőcapture megragad, magával ragaddevise kidolgoz, kifejlesztexecution kivitelezésinnovation innováció, újításpurchase vásárlás, vétel
Purpose and contrastalthough habárdespite annak ellenére, hogy; ... ellenérein order to (+ verb) azért, hogy …so that (+ clause) azért, hogy …
Inversionhardly had ... még alig, hogy ...little did I know (that) … mit sem sejtettem (hogy) …no sooner had … alig, hogy …seldom ritkánunder no circumstances … semmi szín alatt, semmilyen
körülmények között
Other words and phrasesabove all else mindenekfelettallowance zsebpénzbudget költségvetésCan’t be bothered. Cseppet sem izgat. / Eszem ágában sincs. /
Nekem tökmindegy.cost a fortune* egy vagyonba kerülcost/pay an arm and a leg* egy vagyonba kerül / egy vagyont fizet
(a gatyája rámegy)expenses költségekfor the sake of it csakazértisI was hooked. Megfogott. / Rabja lettem.part with megválik vmitől, (vonakodva) átad (pénzt, ellenszolgáltatást)pay through the nose* borsos árat fizetspend a fortune on* egy vagyont költto your doorstep kb. közvetlenül az otthonába
WORDLIST: UNIT 6 MONEY
*vocabulary extension
▶▶ Phonetic transcription at www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
M O N E Y6
Debate
Exercise 2, page 13
The government should tax unhealthy food to improve people’s health.
ForThe money it generates for the government: ▸ The government could spend the money on health care
and educational campaigns promoting healthier eating. ▸ They could also lower other taxes.Fairness: ▸ Unhealthy food is easier to sell than healthy food, so it is
fair to tax it more. ▸ Higher prices would discourage people from buying
unhealthy food, and would lead to better health. ▸ Other unhealthy things such as alcohol and cigarettes
are taxed more, so why not unhealthy food too? The cost to society:▸ The health care of people with diseases related to
eating badly are huge and this tax helps pay for it. ▸ Some people have to take time off work, or cannot work
at all because they are ill from diseases caused by eating unhealthy food, and this costs society a lot of money.
AgainstThe money it generates for the government: ▸ The government may not spend the money generated
from the tax on public health.▸ If the government is allowed to tax unhealthy food,
they might also decide to tax other things in order to generate money (the UK government has taxed beards hats, and playing cards in the past).
Fairness:▸ The people who pay most of this tax are those who are
on low incomes, and it is not fair that they pay more tax than those on higher incomes.
▸ A fairer way to discourage people on low incomes from buying unhealthy foods would be to ban advertising of unhealthy foods and to use educational campaigns.
▸ This tax would punish successful businesses for producing food that people want.
▸ It isn’t easy to decide which food is healthy and which is unhealthy. Scientists don’t always agree about which things are good and bad for you.
The cost to society:▸ Some people blame the big increase of diseases related
to people’s diets on unhealthy food, and the medical cost of treating them. However, there are other factors involved (genetic factors, the amount you eat, the amount of exercise you take).
▸ This tax would limit people’s right to choose what they want to eat. Food prices should reflect the cost it takes to produce them – not whether the government thinks they are unhealthy or not.
Long turnExercise 3, page 13
1 Which of these methods of payment do you use? Why?2 What are the benefits of buying something in a shop
with a debit card rather than in cash?3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of making
a contactless or mobile phone payment?4 What problems do some people have with credit
cards? Why? How could you avoid them? 5 Which methods of payment are likely to become more
popular in the future? Why?
Oxford Exam Trainer B2Speaking bank: examiner’s prompts
18 M O N E Y6
M O N E Y6
Vocabulary
2 1 cash2 money3 cash4 cash5 money6 cash
3 1 earning/going to earn2 ’ll pay3 purchased4 have spent5 exchange6 to withdraw
4 1 aD 2 aB 3 cF 4 cA 5 cE 6 aC
5 1 With a debit card, you spend the money you have in your bank account. With a credit card, you borrow money from the bank so you can spend it, then repay it later.
2 1 contactless payment chip 2 card number 3 expiration date 4 cardholder’s name 5 card type 6 cardholder’s signature 7 card verification code (CVC)
6 1 terms2 clear3 rate4 annual5 late-payment6 over-the-limit7 credit8 charge
8 1 c 2 e 3 f 4 d 5 b 6 a
10 1a invest1b donate2a shareholders2b founders3a profit3b deficit4a income4b salary
Reading
1 A 3 B 1 C 2
3 EXAM TASK 1 D 2 – 3 A 4 C
5 E 6 B
5 1 innovation2 purchase3 devise4 appeal5 capture6 execution
6 para C – so that its back doors become legs para E – although it was only designed para F – despite its entertainment value1 to become2 we don’t have3 It is4 having5 it was
7 1 I could get a new tablet2 having a receipt/despite the
fact that I had a receipt3 to be on time/to avoid being
late4 it was raining5 the high risk/the risk being
high
Use of English
1 1 Little2 Hardly3 Under no circumstances4 No sooner 5 Seldom
2 EXAM TASK1 from2 under3 did4 by5 that/which6 into7 over8 other/more9 these/nowa(days)
10 its
Oxford Exam Trainer B2Answer key
3 EXAM TASK1 a2 up3 ✔
4 that5 the6 you7 in8 ✔
9 than10 ✔
Listening
2 b
3 EXAM TASK1 AB 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 AB
4 1 c 2 e 3 f 4 a 5 b 6 d
Writing
1 2 ‘Money doesn’t grow on trees’ means ‘there is not an unlimited amount of money – and so be careful with the money you have.
2 1 She and her friends are going to be in quite remote areas.
2 everyday expenses and emergencies
3 Because she has heard horror stories about people losing all their money.
3 Possible answersCash for everyday expenses: transport, toiletries, magazines, take enough for three or four days?Emergencies: take cash if you don’t have a credit card, take enough to buy a bus or train ticket home, take enough to get to a doctorSafety of cards and cash: keep cards separately from cash, keep them in pockets you can fasten, keep them with you all the time
19M O N E Y6
4 1 SammyH advises Adele to work out a daily budget before leaving, and to take enough cash for one or two days. He advises taking £100 in cash for an emergency. He recommends locking her rucksack or sleeping with her wallet under her pillow.
2 I suggest, I wouldn’t bother, I’d definitely, I’d recommend, you might want to …
3 He uses informal language.
5 1 keep 2 to take 3 leaving 4 to tell 5 buying
Exam practice extra
Listening
1 a 3 b 4 c 2 d 1
2 EXAM TASK1 withdraw cash2 her statement3 going bankrupt4 for emergencies5 savings accounts6 mounts up7 financial planning8 its finances
Use of English
1 (Possible answer) He sells advertising space on the internet.
2 EXAM TASK1 millionaire2 significant3 tuition4 keenly5 essential6 easily7 attention8 selling9 difference
10 normally
Grammar reference1 1 Seldom had I felt so embarrassed.
2 Never had we spent so much money.3 Under no circumstances will I pay for your ticket.4 No sooner had we reached the station when the train arrived.5 Hardly had they got into bed when they fell asleep.6 No way are we going to watch TV all evening.7 Little do they realize that no one has invested in the project.8 Not only did he direct the film, he funded it.9 On no account should you accept the terms the bank is offering.
10 Scarcely had I left the store when I found my wallet was missing.
2 1 had he 2 than3 Rarely4 should5 did I6 Little7 On no account8 play
3 1 Not only had they wasted our money, they had also wasted our time. 2 Under no circumstances can you proceed with this scheme without
sufficient funds. 3 Never before had she heard such shocking news.4 Hardly had he started his new job when his boss gave him a promotion. 5 No sooner had I paid for the movie online than I realized I’d seen it
before.6 Little does she know how unpopular the budget cuts are likely to be.7 Rarely has there been such an extraordinary reaction to a public
announcement.8 Seldom do businesses become successful so quickly.
20 M O N E Y6
M O N E Y6
Listening exam task
EXERCISE 2 PAGE 11 TRACK 10
James: Hey, Monica. That’s a nice top – is it new?Monica: It sure is! I got it online.James: Did you? I thought you liked going to the shops rather than shopping on the internet?Monica: I used to, when I was a bit younger. I spent less time at the shopping centre when I started work, even though my house was right next to it. Actually, I didn’t really discover online shopping until I broke my leg. A friend sent me a link to her favourite website to cheer me up, and as soon as I bought my first sweater I was hooked.
EXERCISE 3 PAGE 11 TRACK 11
James: Hey, Monica. That’s a nice top – is it new?Monica: It sure is! I got it online.James: Did you? I thought you liked going to the shops rather than shopping on the internet?Monica: I used to, when I was a bit younger. I spent less time at the shopping centre when I started work, even though my house was right next to it. Actually, I didn’t really discover online shopping until I broke my leg. A friend sent me a link to her favourite website to cheer me up, and as soon as I bought my first sweater I was hooked.James: So, why do you like it so much?Monica: There are lots of reasons, like being able to use search engines so you can find the best deals across stores. And the fact that you don’t have to carry your shopping home – somebody brings it to your doorstep for you.James: But don’t you miss not being able to pick things up off the shelf and see what they’re like?Monica: Of course that’s good, but actually it can also be one of the annoying things about going shopping. Say you see some shoes you like and you want to try them on – what happens if they don’t have your size? There haven’t really been any occasions when I couldn’t get something online – I suppose that’s because there are so many companies out there, so there’s more selection. That’s the thing I appreciate above all else.James: But aren’t you more likely to buy things for the sake of it on the internet?Monica: I don’t think so.James: I do, especially on those discount shopping sites. They send me an email about this amazing bike gear at a great price. I see some cycling shorts. I’ve got perfectly good cycling shorts, but these are really good quality ones, they’re a great price and there’s only one pair left, so I buy them. If I change my mind, I usually can’t be bothered to
send them back.Monica: It’s not that difficult!James: I know. I try not to go on the internet because I think it’s too easy to part with my cash – and you can do it any time of the day or night. Really, online shopping is a shopaholic’s worst nightmare.Monica:I ask myself these questions: ‘Do I really need it?’ and ‘Can I afford it?’ If the answer is ‘yes’ to both of those, then I buy it. I’ve got some lovely stuff online.James: But do you know the impact that all this online shopping is having on the high street? A lot of shops are closing down; some high streets have hardly any shops left open, because people like you don’t go shopping anymore.Monica: You can’t blame me for shops closing down, can you? I could try to do my shopping in the places nearby, but will that really make a difference? More and more people work from home and they’re busy. They still want to buy new things, though, and online shopping just fits in with life these days.James: You say that now, but just see how you feel when there are no city centre shops left!
Oxford Exam Trainer B2Listening script
21M O N E Y6
Exam practice extra
EXERCISE 2 PAGE 14 TRACK 25
1 I had heard of credit card cloning. That’s when somebody makes a copy of your credit card that they can then use wherever they like. Of course I didn’t think it would happen to me until I got a call from the fraud department of my bank. The reason they knew that somebody had cloned my card was that on a day when I’d used my card in London, somebody had also used the card to withdraw cash in New York. The bank realised it was impossible for me to be in two places at once like that, and they stopped my card. It hasn’t stopped me using my credit card, but I probably look at my statement more often these days.
2 It doesn’t seem that long ago when everyone was living on credit. Nobody used cash to pay for anything, and it just seemed normal to buy what you wanted on your card whether you had the money or not. Then, the credit crunch happened, countries started going bankrupt and people began to analyse their own attitude to money. I think quite a lot of people tried to pay off their credit card debts at that point. I did anyway. It took a long time and made me realise how hard it was to save that sort of money. I think I became a bit more responsible. These days I still have a credit card for emergencies, but I like to pay for everything in cash if I can.
3 I didn’t use to be very good at saving money until somebody recommended a simple way of doing it. You just open different savings accounts for different things that you want to save for. So you could have a holiday account, a deposit for a house account and a car account. I don’t earn loads of money, but every month I transfer a bit of cash into each of my different savings accounts. You hardly notice it coming out of your current account and it’s amazing how quickly it mounts up!
4 Money and financial planning has recently been added to the UK curriculum. Children between the ages of eleven and fourteen can now learn about things like budgeting and managing money in maths and citizenship lessons. There has been a campaign to include this type of information in lessons for several years and many people are delighted about the fact that children now have the opportunity to learn about money from an early age. And hopefully, as these children grow older, the country may become better equipped to deal with its finances.
22 M O N E Y6
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acknowledgements
Cover image: Oxford University Press/dolgachov
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The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Oxford University Press pp.6 (handling money/Gareth Boden), 6 (debit card/RTimages), 7 (logos/Bloomua), 11 (hamster/DAJ), 11 (t shirt/D. Hurst), 11 (perfume bottles/Metta image), 11 (fruit market/fstop), 11 (cinema tickets/Mike Stone), 11 (headphones/Mark Mason), 11 (pain killers/Gareth Boden), 11 (walking boots/Dennis Kitchen Studio, Inc), 11 (home for sale/Andy Dean Photography), 13 (piggy bank/Photodisc), 13 (contactless payment/LDprod), 13 (ATM withdrawal/AlikeYou), 13 (online payment/Rubberball), 14 (credit cards/Marie C Fields), 14 (desk/Sarrunyoo Tolieng); Shutterstock pp.8 (multimedia video/Proxima Studio), 8 (digital advertisement/Zapp.2Photo), 9 (sales shopping/Alex Ruhl), 11 (car dealer/Mikbiz), 13 (contactless/Redpixel.pl).
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Az Oxford Exam Trainer az emelt szintű (B2) idegen nyelvi vizsga követelményeit figyelembe véve, átfogó ismétlést és gyakorlást biztosítva készíti fel a magyar középiskolásokat az angol nyelvi érettségire.
Út a sikeres vizsgához A könyv 12 fejezete a vizsga mind a tíz témakörét feldolgozza,
beleértve az új Gazdaság témakört is.
Minden fejezet a témához kapcsolódó szókincs bemutatásával indul.
A fejezetekben a tanulók mind az öt vizsgarészre (Olvasott szöveg értése, Nyelvhelyesség, Hallott szöveg értése, Íráskészség, Beszédkészség) szisztematikusan készülhetnek.
A kötet megismerteti a tanulókat a vizsgán előforduló típusfeladatokkal.
Vizsgastratégiák és tippek segítik a tanulókat, hogy magabiztos vizsgázóvá váljanak.
Segédanyagok Exam Practice Extra: a 12 fejezethez kapcsolódó, hallás utáni
szövegértést és nyelvhelyességet gyakoroltató vizsgafeladatok
Speaking Bank: különböző kommunikációs helyzetekben felhasználható kifejezések gyűjteménye
Writing Bank: mintaszövegek, hasznos kifejezések és tippek a hatékony feladatmegoldáshoz
Wordlist: a vizsgán előforduló témakörök kulcsszókincse tematikus csoportosításban
Érettségi próbavizsga: egy teljes érettségi feladatsor, ami az éles vizsga felépítését követi
Student’s website: a tankönyv hanganyaga a honlapon
Rugalmas tananyag A kötet egyaránt felhasználható intenzív vizsgatréning
kurzuskönyveként, vagy bármely más tankönyvsorozat mellett kiegészítő anyagként.
Alkalmazkodik a tanulók igényeihez: a fejezetek és a leckék bármely sorrendben, egymástól függetlenül is elvégezhetőek.
A tankönyv hanganyaga letölthető:www.oup.com/elt/oxfordexamtrainer
