OWL Capturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language Aditya Kalyanpur Jennifer Jay Banerjee James Hendler Presented By Rami Al-Ghanmi

OWLCapturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language

Aditya KalyanpurJennifer Jay Banerjee

James Hendler

Presented ByPresented ByRami Al-GhanmiRami Al-Ghanmi

February 15, 2007 Database Systems Interoperability – Rami Al-Ghanmi

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Outline

• Introduction

– The Paper & Authors

• Ontologies in Computer Science

– Ontologies in NLP

– History of OWL

• OWL: Web Ontology Language

– Characteristics

– OWL & RDF

• Applications of OWL

• Conclusion

Introduction Paper and Authors

The Need of an Ontology Language


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The Paper

• Title:

– OWL: Capturing Semantic Information using a Standardized Web Ontology Language

• Source:

– Multilingual Computing & Technology Magazine

• Vol 15, Issue 7

• November 2004

• http://new.multilingual.com/

– URL:

• http://www.mindswap.org/papers/MultiLing.pdf

• Research Group

– Mindswap @ University of Maryland College Park

– http://www.mindswap.org

http://new.multilingual.com/




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The Authors

• Aditya Kalyanpur• PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2006

• Research Staff Member, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

• http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/

• Jennifer Golbeck• PhD, University of Maryland, College Park 2005

• Research Director, Joint Institute for Knowledge Discovery (JIKD)

• http://www.cs.umd.edu/~golbeck/

• James A. Hendler• Professor, University of Maryland, College Park

• Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY

• http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler/

http://www.mindswap.org/~aditkal/

http://www.cs.umd.edu/~golbeck/

http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler/




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Semantic Web

• Semantic Web is an extention of WWW

• Semantic Web Content

– HTML

– Layer of Machine Understandable Data

• Why an Extra Layer?

– Precisely describe knowledge

– Specify implicit information (e.g. in videos)

– Be publicly accessible and usable

• How to Create such a Layer?

AI & NLP Ontologies

History of OWL

Ontologies in Computer Science


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Ontologies in AI

• Ontology as a philosophical concept

– Ontology is the study of being or existence

– Ontology can be said to study conceptions of reality

• Using Ontology in AI

– Specify concepts and relationships

– Characterize a certain body of knowledge

– Goal: in a machine readable manner

– Why?

• Manipulate and Transform

• Draw Conclusions


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Use of AI Ontologies

• CROSSMARC

– European Research Project, 2003

– Information retrieval from dynamic web content

– http://www.iit.demokritos.gr/skel/crossmarc/

• AQUA

– Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, UK, 2004

– Question Answering System

– http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/akt/aqua/

• IAMTC

– Interlingual Annotation of Multilingual Text Corpora

– Natual Language support system

– Professor Eduard Hovy of ISI is PI.

– http://aitc.aitcnet.org/nsf/iamtc/


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History of OWL• Simple HTML Ontology Extension [SHOE]

– University of Maryland, 2000

– Added Semantic Tags to HTML pages

• Ontology Interchange Level [OIL]– EU Project, Led by University of Amsterdam, 2000

– Description Logic was added

– Built around XML & RDF

• DARPA Agent Markup Language Program [DAML]– Department of Defense, 2000

– a.k.a. DAML-ONT

• DAML+OIL


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History of OWL (cont’d)

• Emergence of a Standard

– Success of DAML+OIL

– W3C formed Web Ontology Working Group, Nov. 2002

– http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/

OWLCharacteristics

OWL & RDF


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Web Ontology Language

• OWL is built on

– Resource Description Framework (RDF)

– Uses RDF Schema Language (RDFS)

• Creating Concepts in OWL

– Classes

– Properties a.k.a. relationships or attributes

– Instances a.k.a. objects

<Class ID="Person"/>

<Property ID="name"/>

<Property ID="birthday"/>

<Property ID="friend"/>


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OWL Semantic Graph

• Concept

– Joe Blog, born January 1, 1950, is friends with John Doe.

• Representation

John Doe

Joe Blog Joe

John

Jan 11950

birthdayname

friend

name


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OWL in Action (resources)

<Person ID="Joe">

<name>Joe Blog</name>

<birthday>January 1, 1950</birthday>

<friend resource="#John"/>

</Person>

<Person ID="John">

<name>John Doe</name>

</Person>


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OWL In Action (domains)

<Class ID="Person"/>

<Property ID="name">

<domain resource="#Person"/>

</Property>

<Property ID="birthday">


</Property>

<Property ID="friend">


<range resource="#Person"/>

</Property>


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OWL Sub-languages

• OWL Lite

– For tool builders

– Easy to use and support

• OWL DL

• OWL Full

– Domain Modeling

– High learning curve


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OWL vs. RDF

• Local Range Restrictions

– Domain: Person

– Range: Food

– Property: Eats

– Problem with RDF: Vegetarians !!

• Set Functionality

– Unions

– Intersections

– Complements

– Disjointness

• Person: AlivePerson or DeadPerson


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OWL vs. RDF (cont’d)

• Cardinalities

– Max

– Min

• Others

– See OWL specs :)

Applications


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OWL in Practice

• W3C’s SWBPD

– Semantic Web Best Practices & Development Working Group

– WordNet Task Force

• WordNet

– http://wordnet.princeton.edu/

• QuakeSim

– http://quakesim.org/

• MindSWAP

– http://mindswap.org/

Conclusion

Documents

OWL Capturing Semantic Information using a Standard Web Ontology Language Aditya Kalyanpur Jennifer Jay Banerjee James Hendler Presented By Rami Al-Ghanmi